For a further examination of Philippians see also the following books in this library.
Introduction
Paul’s letter to the Philippians is quite personal in nature. This church had a special place in his heart because they had stood behind him and supported him with their gifts. Paul writes to thank the church for this partnership (1:5; 4:10-20).
He knew that the church was very concerned for him in his imprisonment and so he updates them on his condition (1:12-14). The church in Philippi had also heard of the illness of Epaphroditus who was with Paul at the time, so the apostle wanted to inform them of his condition as well (2:25). Paul tells the church that he was planning to send Epaphroditus and Timothy to them to ease their concerns (2:19).
Aware of false teachers in Philippi who were promoting circumcision as a requirement for believers (3:1ff), Paul writes to remind them of the sufficiency of Christ alone for salvation. He encourages the church to strive for unity (2:1-11), and to abound more and more in the faith of Jesus Christ (1:9-11; 2:12-17).
Select Chapter
Chapter 1
Select verse:
Verse 1
Paul mentions elders and deacons here. The work is not done by one person alone. The early church recognized the importance of shared leadership to accomplish the work of the kingdom.
Paul connects with these leaders remotely. Some of them he never met personally but entered into partnership with them for the expansion of the kingdom.
Verse 2
Paul’s desire for these co-workers is that they experience grace and peace.
Grace implies a knowledge of forgiveness and mercy through Jesus Christ.
Peace implies that they continue to walk in good standing with God and their fellow man.
In other words, it was the sincere desire of Paul, and ultimately his requirement, that those who worked with him be born-again believers who had experienced the grace of God, and were living in ongoing peace with their Creator and other believers.
Verse 3
Paul thanks God when he remembers the Philippians.
The apostle had not met all of these believers. They were not on a regular prayer list, but the thought of their effort for the cause of the gospel brought Paul to his knees on their behalf.
Verses 4-5
Paul was joyful because of the partnership he had with the Philippians in the Gospel.
They each had unique gifts and personalities. This diverse body of Christ was unified in the person of Jesus Christ and a sincere burden to elevated the name of Christ. Paul rejoiced in partnership with anyone who lived and served his Lord.
Verse 6
Paul knew that all who had experienced the grace of Christ, were at peace with Him (vs. 1), and sincerely served Him, would know God’s sanctifying presence in their lives. The God who drew them by grace into His kingdom and service, would continue the work He begun in them.
Notice when this work will be completed — “in the day of Christ Jesus”. Until He returns we can be sure that God will continue working on us. Not until we are separated from this sinful flesh and earthly mind will we know full and total victory over the constant shortcomings and failure of this life.
We should not expect perfection in fellow workers, only a desire to grow in maturity and a humble submission to the work of the Spirit in their inner being.
Verse 7
Paul tells the Philippians that it was right for him to “feel this way about you all“
He has made the following desires for them clear in the previous verses:
- His desire for more of God’s grace and peace in their lives
- His joy in their partnership in the Gospel
- His desire to pray for them whenever he remembered them
- His conviction that God would complete His work in them
It was Paul’s conviction that these desires for his brothers and sisters in Philippi were godly.
Paul held the Philippians especially dear because they stood with him in his imprisonment and defense of the gospel.
Evidence of their support is seen in Philippians 4:14-15, where Paul speaks of them as a contributing church who supported his ministry financially.
Both Paul and the Philippians made sacrifices for each other in the work of the kingdom. The Philippians showed their appreciation of Paul’s ministry by their sacrifices for him. This formed a deeper bond between them as co-workers.
Verse 8
Paul expresses his deep “yearning” and “affection” for those who had stood so faithfully by his side.
Notice that his affection for them is not fleshly in nature but “the affections of Christ”
The implication is that Paul felt what Christ felt toward the Philippians. The love and gratitude of Christ to the Philippians expressed itself through the apostle. By ministering and supporting Paul, these believers were pleasing Christ and advancing His kingdom.
Verse 9
Paul now tells us the subject of his prayer for the elders and deacons of Philippi.
“That your love may abound more and more”
Paul speaks about “the affections of Christ” that had been demonstrated through the Philippians in practical support for his ministry in Philippians 1: 7-8.
The love Paul wants to abound has already been in evidence in the Philippians, but the apostle does not want them to become complacent. Instead, he wants them to excel in the gifts God has given more and more.
“With knowledge and discernment“
Not all loving acts are wise and discerning. We may act out of love in our heart but only harm the one we love. We must be wise and discerning in our generosity and expressions of love, lest we burn ourselves out or ultimately harm those we love. Love offered without knowledge and discernment of God’s purpose may do more harm than good.
Verses 10, 11
Paul specifies here the reason he prayed that the love of the Philippians would abound in wisdom and discernment.
First, “that you may approve what is excellent.” The word “approve” has the sense of confirming value. In other words, by abounding more and more in the love of God, the Philippians would demonstrate the excellencies of God’s kingdom of love in a world of darkness and dispair.
Second, “so be pure and blameless for the day of Christ.” Consider, in this regard, the words of the apostle James who said:
17 So whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin. – Jas 4:17
Not abounding and demonstrating kingdom love is to fall short of God’s purpose. It is God’s intention that we be “filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ.” An unfruitful tree does not please the Master.
8 By this my Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit and so prove to be my disciples. – Jn 15:8
God’s intention is that each believer produce much fruit for His glory and praise. The purpose of abounding more and more in love is to bring glory to God. To be content with less is to dishonor Him.
The love in which the Apostle encouraged the Philippians to abound was the “fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ” This kind of love was only possible because of their relationship with Christ and the work of His Holy Spirit in them.
Verse 12
Paul moves now to some comments regarding his imprisonment in Rome.
The Apostle begins by telling the Philippians that what had happened to him had “served to advance the gospel.” The context indicates that this is a reference to his imprisonment in Rome (see verses 13-14). Paul was seeing evidence of how God was using his imprisonment in the lives of the imperial guard and the average believer who heard of his condition. It was Paul’s conviction that what appears tragic in our eyes, may be a powerful tool in the hand of God for good.
Verse 13
Paul testifies to what God has been doing through his imprisonment. Of note is the fact that the imperial guard and those around him come to see that Paul was innocent of any crime. His imprisonment was because he believed in Jesus Christ and preached in His name.
It does not appear that Paul’s concern here is that people know his innocence as much as what he stood for. God was using this experience to reveal the name of His Son Jesus Christ to those who interacted with Paul and his suffering.
Verse 14
Paul came to see how his imprisonment emboldened believers in their witness. They had, in the apostle Paul, an example of one who was willing to suffer for the cause of Christ. He would not compromise or water down his message, but stood firm in the faith. He was willing to suffer and even die for the Lord Jesus. This faithful example challenged believers who heard of his imprisonment to consider their own commitment to follow his example. As a result, they began to “speak the Word without fear” and the name of Jesus was elevated and proclaimed more boldly.
The apostle was very much aware of the fact that God was working through his suffering to lift up the name of Christ, build His kingdom, and strengthen believers. No trial is in vain when God is in it.
Verse 15
Paul recognized in verse 14 that his imprisonment brought greater boldness to believers, inspired by his example. The motivation behind that boldness differed, however. While some preached Christ with genuine and sincere motives, others did so in a spirit of “envy” and “rivalry.”
In other words, these believers entered a competition with each other. They were jealous when a brother gathered a larger following or appeared to have greater success in his preaching. Their preaching became more about themselves than about Christ.
Verse 16
Paul tells his readers that those who preached Christ from good will (verse 15), “do it out of love.”
This was Paul’s prayer in verse 9:
9 And it is my prayer that your love may abound more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, – Phl 1:9
Unlike those who peached Christ out of envy and rivalry, whose love was for them themselves, these believers demonstrated a love for God in how they preached. Their hearts were in tune with His purpose. Their desire was to elevate His name. It was their great joy to humble themselves so that Christ received the glory.
The love these sincere believers demonstrated was not only directed to the Lord Jesus but also toward Paul in his imprisonment. Consider the phrase: “knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel.”
Remember that those who peached Christ out of envy and rivalry competed not only against each other for followers and attention but also against Paul. With Paul at a disadvantage now this gave these preachers the opportunity to gain a following at Paul’s expense. They may even have become bolder in preaching a watered-down Gospel.
This was not the case for those who preached Christ out of love. Their love for God, Paul and the truth he preached remained firm. They knew that Paul was in prison for the truth of the gospel and committed themselves to be faithful to that truth.
Verse 17
Paul says three things here about those who preached Christ from envy and rivalry.
First, they “proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition.” While these individuals “proclaimed Christ,” they did so with themselves in mind. They sought personal glory, recognition and applause. They used the name of Christ to elevate themselves in the eyes of the community.
Second, “not sincerely.” They wanted people to look up to them as spiritual leaders, they were motivated by sinful intentions of pride. They used the name of Jesus to elevate their own position.
Third, “thinking to afflict me in my imprisonment.” Paul was aware of an evil intent in the heart of these preachers to “afflict” him. He does not explain this any further. The apostle was not always popular. It may be that these individuals used his imprisonment to damage his reputation or call his teaching into question.
Notice the phrase “thinking to afflict me.” The apostle was not overly concerned about what these preachers were doing to him. They thought they could afflict Paul, but his reliance was on God. Paul understood that with God as his defence, he had nothing to fear from the evil intentions of these shallow and hypocritical preachers.
Verse 18
Paul understood that God was able to use even weak and fleshly preachers with questionable motives to proclaim the name of His Son Jesus.
“in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed,”
Paul is not approving of the envy and rivalry certain preachers displayed, but rather rejoicing in the fact that what they meant for evil, God intended for good (see Genesis 50:20). The apostle rejoiced in a sovereign God who advanced His kingdom despite human sinfulness and failures.
Paul reminds us here that we can proclaim Christ either in pretense or in truth. That is to say, we can preach Christ from a sincere and genuine heart of love or hypocritically with self serving motives and intentions.
Verse 19
The apostle reflects here on his imprisonment (see verse 17). Humanly speaking, there was cause for concern. The Jews had accused him of stirring up riots “among all the Jews throughout the world” (Acts 24:5). This was a serious charge, and if proven true, could lead to a sentence of death.
Paul was confident that despite the many obstacles, God would hear the pleas of His people on his behalf, and with the help of the Spirit of Jesus, he would be delivered.
Notice also that Paul does not define what his deliverance would look like. It is not without significance that in the following verses he speaks about his death. His deliverance would come in God’s way – whether by life or death. He feared neither.
Verse 20
Paul’s expectation and hope was that he would not be ashamed. These words in the English language tend to convey a measure of uncertainty but this is not the case for Paul. The phrase “eager expectation” conveys certainty of outcome. It was Paul’s confidence and assurance that the Lord would carry him through his trial in such a way that he would have nothing at all to be ashamed of.
The process of trying someone accused of a crime was harsh and cruel. Paul was confident, however, that his actions, past and present, were worthy of the name of Christ.
He trusted God for the courage, whether he lived or died by Roman sword, to do so in a way that honoured the Lord in his earthly body.
Verse 21
Paul continues to reflect on what lay ahead for him in his imprisonment. He did not know whether he would live or die, but was prepared for either.
The apostle declares that if he lived, his life would be devoted entirely to Christ. Death, on the other hand, would be great gain for Him, as it would mean the end of earthly struggle and toil and enjoying the presence of the Saviour he loved.
Verse 22
Paul knew that if the Lord kept him alive, it was for a purpose, and the apostle committed himself to walk fully in that purpose. He was assured that God would bless, with fruitfulness, any task He ordained for him to undertake. Remaining in the flesh, therefore, would mean fruitful service.
While the thought of fruitful service was appealing to Paul, being in the physical presence of Christ was even more attractive. Death caused no fear for Paul. It was an invitation to intimate and blessed fellowship with Christ.
Verse 23
As Paul reflects on what his future holds, he finds himself “hard pressed” between his only two options – to die at the hands of Roman authorities, or to live and continue serving the Lord.
The word translated “hard pressed” literally means to be held fast or constrained, as in the case of a prisoner confined to a prison cell. In other words he was trapped between two options and could not determine which he should choose.
His greatest desire was to “depart” or die so that he could go to be with the Lord.
When we think of people who want to die, we usually think of individuals who are depressed or overcome with sorrow, grief or pain. This is not the case for Paul. In the verses that follow the apostle declares his great willingness to remain, be productive, and bless fellow believers.
Paul’s desire to “depart” and be with the Lord comes from a deep passion and love for his Saviour. To be with Him was for Paul his greatest desire. Paul’s faith is not just about theology and service. It is first and foremost about Jesus Christ and a deep personal relationship with Him.
Verse 24
Paul’s great desire was to be with the Lord. Notice, however, that he recognizes that “remaining in the flesh” was more necessary. Paul has a realistic view of himself and his ministry. His presence was “necessary” for the Philippians. This was not because Paul had anything himself to offer, but rather that God had called, gifted and equipped him to minister to these believers. The apostle expected that the God who called him would also use him in their midst.
See here the servant heart of the apostle. He was willing to put off going to be with the Lord for the sake of the Philippians and their spiritual growth.
Verse 25
Paul expresses his conviction that God would allow him to live long enough to minister further to His people. The words “convinced” and “I know” reveal that God had given him this assurance.
Paul’s ministry among the Philippians would have two focuses.
First, “your progress… in the faith.” The Greek word use here simply refers to their advancement in the things of the faith. This may include a growth in their knowledge of God, His work and purpose for them as believers.
Second, “your… joy in the faith.” Paul believed that the Christian life was much more than doctrine and lifestyle. Knowing Christ and walking in His purpose is satisfying and delightful to the human soul. As the Philippians progressed in their knowledge and understanding of the Christian faith, their hearts will be filled more and more with joy. The joyless practice of faith brings no honour to God.
7 Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. – 2Co 9:7
Verse 26
Paul was convinced that the Lord would spare his life so that he could continue to minister to the Philippians for their progress and joy in the faith.
Paul fully expected that God would use him to give the Philippians “ample cause to glory in Christ Jesus.” This expectation was not a result of Paul’s skill and missionary experience, but rather in God’s call on his life and the work of His Spirit through him.
He states his missionary vision here – to give those to whom he was called ample reason to glory in Christ. This, of course, required that eyes not be on him. His great goal was that the Lord Jesus receive all the glory.
Verse 27
While Paul’s ministry would be a blessing to the Philippians, he did not want them to be dependent on him. It was his desire that whether he was with them or not their “manner of life be worthy of the gospel of Christ.”
The phrase “manner of life” literally refers to citizenship. When people become citizens of a country, they commit themselves to live according to its rules and traditions. This is how it is when we become citizens of the kingdom of heaven. We commit ourselves to live according to the standards of that kingdom as determined by its Sovereign Lord. Paul is challenging the Philippians to make it their priority to live as citizens of the kingdom of heaven.
Paul makes three points about the manner of life he expected from the Philippians.
First they were to stand “firm in one spirit.” The word used here is πνευ̃μα pneúma which refers to that part of its that continues to live when our body dies. It is also that part of us that communicates with God.
14 The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. – 1 Corinthians 2:14
The general sense here is that the Philippians were to be united in their agreement to hear God and walk in his spiritual purpose for them as a community.
Second they were to stand firm “with one mind.” The word is ψυχή psuchḗ. This refers to the human soul which is the seat of our emotions, understanding and will. To be of one mind or soul is to walk with a common understanding and devotion toward each other.
Finally, they were to strive “side by side.” The battle before us is long and hard. It is not one we should fight alone. Paul encouraged the Philippians to join hands and stand with each other against their common enemy. This implied putting aside any differences to defend, protect and support each other. The victory of one is a victory for all.
Verse 28
The Christian life is not an easy one. Paul was in prison for the proclamation of the gospel. This imprisonment changed a lot of things for the him. He did not know if he was going to live or die. His freedom was taken from him.
Paul is not afraid, however, of what might happen to him. He was ready to live and continue serving. Though it was his service that put him in prison he was not afraid to continue doing so. Nor was he afraid of dying for that would mean being with Christ.
Paul refused to be afraid of what his opponents could do to him. He set his eyes on God and trusted His sovereign care. He challenged the Philippians to do likewise.
Standing firm in the faith, with one mind, and striving together in the faith without fear, was a sign of the genuineness of the Philippian’s faith and salvation. It was also evidence of the condemnation of those who opposed them and the gospel they preached.
Verse 29
Paul reminds the Philippians God had granted then two privileges. The word used here is χαρίζομαι charízomai. The word literally means to show favour or to be kind to someone.
The first favour God granted the Philippians was that they should come to believe in the Lord Jesus and experienced His salvation and pardon.
The second favour was the privilege of suffering for His sake. I have spoken to soldiers who counted it a great honor to defend their country. So it is with the cause of Christ. Their could be no greater privilege than to stand up for the cause of Jesus Christ. These who stand firm and willingly suffer in service for His sake are indeed an honored people.
Verse 30
The word translated “conflict” is often used to speak of sporting events, and referred to the combat between two boxers, or a competitive race between runners. Paul used the word to speak of the intense effort required to live the Christian life and faithfully serve the Lord. This was a conflict in which he excelled.
We should not think of the Christian life as a life of ease. Those who serve the Lord faithfully, must be willing to engage in this conflict.
Chapter 2
Select verse
Verse 1-2
Harmony in the body of Christ was of utmost importance to the Apostle Paul. It was unthinkable that the believer should receive encouragement, comfort, affection and sympathy from God and refuse to respond in kind to fellow believers. By demonstrating these qualities to one another, the Philippians would reveal the character of God to the world.
The apostle reveals five things the believer receives from God in verse 1.
First, the believer receives encouragement in Christ. The word Paul uses here is the word παράκλησις paráklēsis which comes from the word παρακαλέω parakaléō meaning to “call to one’s side.” Imagine someone struggling with a heavy burden, calling someone to come to their side to bear some of this weight for them. When we were overcome and burdened under the weight of sin Jesus came to our side and made the supreme sacrifice of His life.
Second, believers receive “comfort from love.” The word παραμύθιον paramúthion refers to speech that uplifts and consoles. Notice that it is love that speaks here. In our dispair, this love of God from eternity past speaks words of tender kindness and support. Those words come through the prophets. The cry out to us through the pages of Scripture revealing the purpose of God for our salvation and fellowship with Him.
Third, the believer experiences a “participation in the Spirit.” Theword κοινωνία koinōnía expresses fellowship and sharing. Fellowship in this sense is not so much verbal as it is practical in nature. Early believers fellowshipped with each other by sharing food and supporting each other in trials and affliction. The believer’s fellowship here is with the Holy Spirit. In other words, He comes to our side and supplies all we need to live and walk in fellowship with God.
Fourth, the believer receives affection. Paul uses the word σπλάγχνον splágchnon here. It is literally translated “bowels.” In the understanding of the day, the bowels were the seat of emotion. We speak of the heart in this way today. The sense here is that the heart of God is moved toward His children. The believer experiences the heart of God in tenderness and compassion.
Finally, the believer experiences sympathy. The word οἰκτιρμός oiktirmós speaks of the compassion and tenderness of God demonstrated in action toward those who are in need. God’s heart not only feels tenderness toward His children but it is also moved to practical action to relieve their suffering and confusion.
Having revealed these five benefits, Paul then challenges the Philippians to make his joy in them complete by responding in three ways.
First, they were to be of the same mind. In other words, they were to to determine and make it their commitment to treat each other as God treated them.
Second, they were to have ἀγάπη agápē love toward each other. The word ἀγάπη agápē refers to God’s unconditional love. It is the love that brought Christ to this earth to die for rebellions sinners. It loved those who nailed Him to the cross. It loved the unworthy and even those who offend Him.
Third, the Philippians were to be “in “full accord and of one mind.” The word translated “full accord” is σύμψυχος súmpsuchos which is a combination of two words literally meaning together in soul. The soul is the place of passion and emotion. In other words, the Philippians believers were to be one in their passion and devotion to each other.
What was true of their soul was to be true of their mind. They were to have the same mindset. Of course this mindset was that of Christ and His Word. They were to be guided by His purpose and plan for their lives as revealed by His Word and Spirit.
Verse 3
Paul challenges the Philippians to live lives free of selfish ambition.The word ἐριθεία eritheía carries with it the sense of striving to accomplish one’s purpose with no concern for or attention to the needs or interests of someone else. The word can be used in a stronger sense than this and also describes a willingness to crush someone else in the pursuit ones own desire.
Paul warns the Philippians about conceit in their relationships. The word Paul uses here is κενοδοξία kenodoxía. The word is derived from two words. The first is κενός kenós which means, empty, hollow or meaningless. The second is δόξα dóxa which means glory. When you put these two words together you get the sense of empty or meaningless glory. It is what happens when someone thinks more of themselves than they ought. It also describes the individual who thinks they deserve more than they do.The apostle encouraged the Philippians instead to humbly “count others more significant than yourselves.” We should not see here that one person is more important than another, but rather that we should be willing servants, ready at all times to put aside our own interests for a brother or sister.
Verse 4
Notice that Paul is not opposed to believers having their own interests. The words, “let each of you look not only to his own interests” implies that believers will have interests that will require their time, energy and resources.
Paul reminds the Philippians, however, that they were to be aware of the needs of those around them. They were to reject a self-centered attitude that was only concerned for themselves and be willing to use their time energy and resources to meet the needs of those around them. Paul expected the Philippians to open their eyes to see the needs before them and their hearts to respond in compassion.
Verse 5
Paul encouraged the Philippians to have “this mind among yourselves.” To what mind is Paul referring? He has been speaking about this in the past few verses:
- Verse 2 – “being of the same mind”
- Verse 2 – “having the same love”
- Verse 2 – “being in full accord”
- Verse 2 – “one mind”
- Verse 3 – “do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit”
- Verse 3 – “in humility count others more significant than yourselves”
- Verse 4 – “look also to the needs of others”
This was the mind Paul expected the Philippians to have in their interactions among themselves.
The apostle reminds the Philippians that the Lord Jesus Christ demonstrated these very qualities while He was on this earth. They were to strive to follow His example.
Verse 6
Paul takes time here to consider the example of the Lord Jesus set while He was on this earth, as the example for the Philippians to follow in their relationship with each other.
He begins by reminding them that “though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped.” Notice that the Apostle tells us that Jesus “was in the form of God.” The word “form” could possibly be misleading. It might be easy to assume that a form was not the same as the reality. Something may look have the shape and form of the real thing but not be so. This, however, is not the idea here.
When Paul speaks of Jesus being in the form of God, he is saying that Jesus had all the qualities and characteristics of God. Anyone who had all of God’s qualities and characteristics was God in every way.
Notice that though He was God, Jesus “did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped.” While He is in God’s form, and equal in every way, Jesus made a conscious determination. He chose to lay aside His privileges as God, and humbled Himself to live in subjection to the Father. Paul is telling the Philippians that they were to follow this example. Though they were equal in every way with their fellow human beings, they were, like Christ, to humble themselves to serve the needs of their brother and sister.
Verse 7
Paul tells the Philippians here that the Lord Jesus emptied himself.The Greek word translated “emptied himself” is ταπεινόω tapeinóō. It means to humble or to make low. The idea is that while Jesus was in the form of God, He chose not to demand, require, exercise or even experience the privileges of His position. Paul goes on to show how He did this.
First, He took the form of a servant. The one whose position and dignity elevated Him above all of His creation, choose instead to serve those He created.
Second, He chose to be “born in the likeness of men.” While we do not have a choice in this matter of our birth, this was not the case for Jesus. As the eternal God, this was His conscious and willing choice. As a God who was everywhere present He chose to limit His presence to a frail human body. As an almighty and all-powerful God, He dwelt in a weak and mortal body, experiencing the pain and suffering to which that body was subject.
Verse 8
Jesus willingly chose to lay aside His privileges as the Son of God and took on human form. In verse 6 Paul describes Jesus as having the very essence or form of God. Here the word translated “form” implies that Jesus had the appearance of a human being. In other words, when you looked at Him, he had all the attributes of a human being. He took on Himself every human quality and weakness and was physically indistinguishable from any human being around Him.
As a human being, Jesus humbled Himself to become “obedient to the point of death.” There are two vital points we need to see in this phrase.
First, the death of Jesus was a death of obedience. To whom was Jesus obedient? He was obedient to the purpose of God, His Father from eternity past of which the prophets spoke. That is, that the Messiah would die for the forgiveness of sin.
Second, this death of Christ, who was the very essence (form) of God tells us something about His humanity. The eternal God cannot die. For Jesus to die, He could not just look like man, He had to lay aside His divine privileges to become man.
Paul concludes the verse with the words “even death on a cross.” These words show us the nature of Christ’s death. It was the most cruel and humiliating of all deaths. All of this was for you and me.
Verse 9
God did two things for Christ because of His willingness to humble Himself and die for His people.
First, He “highly exalted Him.” God bestowed on Jesus the greatest honour and lifted Him up above all beings. Jesus was God. How can anyone with such credentials be lifted higher than this? Remember that Jesus put aside His divine privileges to die for us. The Father lifts Christ from this humility and calls all of creation to again recognize His worth. He give Him the seat of honor not only because, as God, He was worthy of praise, but also now because of His obedience He proved His worth by what He did.
Second, God “bestowed on Him the name that is above every name.” The name Paul refers to here is the name of Jesus (see verse 10). Paul tells us that this name was “bestowed” on Jesus. In other words it was given to Him as a title of honour. It was an angel who told Mary to give her son the name Jesus because He would save His people from their sin (see Matthew 1:21). The name Jesus literally means, “Saviour.” He is the one upon whom all of creation depends.
Understand here that Christ’s exaltation and great name were the results of His work on our behalf. God gave Him this honour because of what He did for us. This reveals the value the Lord God places on His children.
Verse 10
God gave the Lord Jesus a name above every name for a purpose. That purpose is stated in verses 10 and 11.
The first purpose is found in the words – “so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,” The bowed knee is a sign of reference and respect. It is also a posture of worship. It was the purpose of God that every knee recognize the worth of His Son Jesus and bow in submission, reverence, and respect.
Notice here that the knees God expected to bow were on earth and includes every created being, human, plant, animal or anything else that exists on this earth. All created things must submit to His Lordship for He has been determined by the Father to be Lord over all creation.
The establishing of Christ as Lord extended also to all heavenly beings. All angels and heavenly persons were to recognize the Son of God as their absolute Lord and bow the knee to Him in worship and submission.
Notice finally, that it was the purpose of God that all things under the earth were also to confess submission to His lordship. This may include those who had died and been buried in the earth. It may also include demonic beings and the eternally lost in the bottomless pit of hell. They too, were under the lordship of the Son Jesus Christ and would one day bow to confess Him to be the one true Lord.
Verse 11
The second great purpose of God in giving Christ a name above every other name was that He Himself would be glorified. There are several reasons why the Father is glorified when His Son is glorified.
First, because the Father and the Son are one, to honour One is to honour the other.
Second, the Father gave the Son to be an atonement for our sin. As the giver of the gift, the Father receives glory.
Third, the work of the Son restored His children to the Father. Those who belong to the Father through the work of His Son live for His glory in their lives.
Verse 12
Paul recognizes the devotion of the Philippians to his spiritual leadership as apostle when he says “you have always obeyed.”
These words comes after Paul’s statement about the absolute lordship of Christ over all. It may seem strange, therefore, that he now speaks of the faithfulness of the Philippians in obeying him. The reality, however, is that, as apostle, Paul represented the Lord Jesus, and so, by obeying Paul, the Philippians also obeyed Christ.
Paul goes on to tell the Philippians about the importance of working out their salvation with fear and trembling. The word translated “work out” is κατεργάζομαι katergázomai. It conveys the idea of carrying out a task until it is accomplished. In other words, the Philippians were to live out their salvation and fulfill the purpose of God for their lives until they were taken home to be Him. They were not to be slack in their spiritual walk and duties.
Paul told them that it was even more important that they did this in his absence. Paul’s absence was due to his imprisonment. These evil days were not to discourage the Philippians but rather to challenge them to greater boldness in the purpose of God for their lives.
The apostle encouraged the Philippians to live out their salvation in fear and trembling. The fear Paul speaks about here is not a terror of their enemies, but rather the fear of God. The word φόβος phóbos, speaks of reverence, respect and honour. In other words the believers in Philippi were called to live or their salvation from a deep reverence and respect for God.
The apostle also speaks here about trembling. The Greek word τρόμος trómos, can refer either to trembling with fear and terror, but also of humble timidity and deep respect or reference. It is this second definition we should focus on. While the Philippians were not called to fear and terror of their enemies, the were called to humble reference and respect for God. They were to work out the purposes of God in their salvation with a profound respect for God and His purpose. That respect for God was to be greater than any fear of what the enemy might do to them.
Verse 13
Paul gives the Philippians the reason why they were to work out the purpose of God in their salvation – “for it is God who works in you”
Those who have experienced the salvation of God know His presence in their lives. God is very much at work in His children, refining, enabling and leading them into His purpose. Paul tells the Philippians that they were to embrace this work of God in them. As believers, they were to surrender and demonstrate the reality of what God was doing in them.
The Christian life is not about a human effort to please God in the flesh, but rather a demonstration of the inner working of God Spirit who lives and works in us.
Paul tells the Philippians that the inner work of God in the believer is “both to will and to work for his good pleasure.
The sinful flesh does not desire the things of God and so the Lord God must change our will and make it His. He does this by breaking or selfishness, and pride. He creates in us a desire for His purpose.
It is one thing to have our will surrendered to God and His purpose and another to have the power to carry out that purpose. God not only transforms our will but also empowers us to fulfill His purpose.
Notice that transforming our will and empowering is in service is for God’s own good pleasure. In other words, God will bring our will in line with His and empower us to do what He has for us to do. It is our responsibility simply to submit to this great inner work of God and commit ourselves to fulfilling His purpose.
Verse 14
Consider what Paul had been telling the Philippians in this chapter.
1. Christ, as Almighty God, humbled himself and took on the form of a servant. ( Philippians 2:7)
2. As a servant, Jesus died a cruel death on the cross for the salvation of His people (Philippians 2:8).
3. He underwent such hostility in such a way that God was pleased to bestow on Him a name above every other name.
With this background, the Apostle Paul now tells the Philippians to do all things without grumbling or disputing. The word translated “grumbling” here is the Greek word γογγυσμός goggusmós. It conveys the sense of expressing discontent about ones situation or circumstances.There are many reasons why the Christian should avoid grumbling. Let me share just two here in this context.
First, because of what Christ has done for us. Knowing that Christ has laid down His life for us, what right do we have to grumble about what He requires of us? If the divine Saviour had to suffer, we have no cause to grumble when we must follow His example.
Second, because of God’s sovereignty. The God who allows us to suffer hardship will use this hardship to refine us. Paul has reminded the Philippians that God was at work in them. He often uses trials of various kinds to shape us into His image. The very thing we grumble about, may be the tool good uses to mature us and draw us closer to Himself.
Paul goes on to tell the Philippians that they were also to do all things without disputing. The idea here is that the Philippians were not to do things in such a way that they stirred up controversy, arguments or division among true believers. Instead, the Philippians were to follow the teaching of Paul, and the example of Christ and consider the interests of others as being more important than themselves (Philippians 2:3).
Verse 15
By doing all things without grumbling and disputing, the Philippians would be “blameless and innocent, children without blemish.”
Many sins are the result of a grumbling and disputing spirit. This spirit resists the call of God and divides the body of Christ. When we accept God’s purpose with humility and consider the interests of others as more important than our own, we walk in blameless and innocence.
This path of blameless is a powerful testimony to a crooked and twisted generation. Paul reminded the Philippians that they were lights to their generation. By walking in innocence and blamelessness they revealed the light of righteousness to a world lost on darkness. Our attitude, lifestyle and example will speak more powerfully than our words.
Verse 16
Paul encourages the Philippians to hold fast to the word of life.
The word translated “holding fast” is ἐπέχω epéchō literally means to “hold upon.” The idea here is to hold onto something so that it is not lost.
In this case, the Philippians were to hold fast to the Word of life. This word is the message of the gospel that gives life. It is the message and person of Christ Jesus, His salvation and purpose as passed down from Genesis to Revelation. The Apostle John speaks of this word of life as the person of Jesus Christ in 1 John 1:1-3
1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we looked upon and have touched with our hands, concerning the word of life— 2 the life was made manifest, and we have seen it, and testify to it and proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and was made manifest to us— 3 that which we have seen and heard we proclaim also to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ. – 1Jn 1:1-3
In his Gospel, John describes Jesus as the Word in whom was life:
1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men. – Jn 1:1-4
Paul exhorts the Philippians here to hold fast to the person, work and message of the Lord Jesus Christ. To hold fast to Christ and His message the Philippians would need to place their confidence and trust in Him without wavering.
Paul’s desire was that when Christ returned, he would be proud to present the faithful Philippians to Him. The pride Paul experiences here is not in himself but in the perseverance of the Philippians to whom he had presented the Word of life.
Verse 17-18
Paul reflects here on the possibility of his death at the hands of Roman officials. He compares his potential death to a drink offering poured out on an animal sacrifice. The law of Moses states:
5 and you shall offer with the burnt offering, or for the sacrifice, a quarter of a hin of wine for the drink offering for each lamb. – Nu 15:5
In this illustration, Paul compares the sacrificial animal to the faith of the Philippians. Like this animal, the Philippians had given themselves completely as a sacrificial offering to God. This, in part, was a result of Paul’s ministry among them. The Apostle compares his life and ministry to the drink offering poured out for that sacrifice. Paul was “glad” and “rejoiced” at the privilege of pouring out his life for the faith of the Philippians.He encouraged the Philippians to be “glad” and “rejoice” with him for the sacrifice that made their faith in Jesus Christ possible. – 18 Likewise you also should be glad and rejoice with me.
If Paul’s sacrifice and death brought faith for the Philippians, than this was cause for great joy and rejoicing.
Verse 19
While Paul was confined in prison, notice his desire to know how the Philippians were doing. He expresses his “hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy” so he could be cheered by news of his brothers and sisters in Philippi.
While Paul could have focused on his own troubles, his heart is for the Philippians. Even a possible death sentence did not distract him from his concern for his brothers and sisters in Philippi.
Paul wanted to send Timothy to Philippi. Notice, however, that he committed this matter to the Lord – “I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy.” Paul does not take matters into his own hands, but trusts in the Lord’s purpose.
The apostle was a strong, and highly motivated leader, but he does not allow his personal goals and agendas to overstep the purpose of God. He looked to the Lord and his purpose in all things.
Notice the phrase, “so that I too may be cheered by news of you.” The implication here is that by sending Timothy Paul would be encouraged when he heard how they were doing. Even in his prison cell, Paul is seeking the Lord about how to minister to the Philippians. When traditional methods were closed to him, Paul wrote letters or sent other people on his behalf.
Verse 20
Notice why Paul wanted to send Timothy to the Philippians – “For I have no one like him, who will be genuinely concerned for your welfare.” The words, “for I have no one like him” show us that Timothy was the best Paul had. He sent his best man to do the job. This is a demonstration of Paul’s love for the Philippians.
Notice the quality that Timothy had that made him the best man for the job – “who will be genuinely concerned for your welfare.” Timothy was the best person for this role because of his genuine concern for the well-being of the believers in Philippi. Paul did not want to send anyone who did not have a deep and genuine passion for these believers. As a prisoner in Rome, Paul’s great passion is to minister to the Philippians. He could not go himself, so he sent the best person he had to care for them.
Verse 21
Paul states in this verse a second reason why he wanted to send Timothy to Philippi. He compares him to other spiritual leaders of the day. Describing other spiritual leaders Paul says: “For they all seek their own interests, not those of Jesus Christ.”
This was a sharp rebuke to the state of spiritual leadership in the church of Paul’s day. Even the early church struggled with pride and worldliness. It’s leadership sought their own interests more than that of Jesus Christ.
Verse 22
Unlike other Christian leaders of the day, Timothy proved his worth by dying to his own interests to seek the will and purpose of God.
Paul describes how Timothy “served as a son with a father” in the cause of the Gospel.
The word translated “served” is the Greek word δουλεύω douleúō, which described one who is in the position of a servant. If you were to describe Timothy as a leader, the word “servant” would be at the top of the list. He ministered to others at his own expense.
Notice also that Paul tells the Philippians that Timothy served with him as “a son with a father.” While this describes the close connection between Paul’s and Timothy, it also tells us something more about Timothy.
Timothy, as a son, respected Paul as a spiritual father. Paul was not always the easiest person to work with, but Timothy honoured him like a father.
Timothy, respected Paul’s leadership and was content to work under him. He had no interest in elevating himself above Paul but served Him faithfully through many difficult times.
In these matters Timothy proved his humility and passion for Christ and His purpose.
Verse 23-24
Paul wanted to send Timothy to Philippi when he found out what would happen to him. This is likely a reference to his upcoming trial. That trial would determine whether the apostle lived or died. It is certain that the Philippians would want to know the outcome of this judgement. Paul’s intention was to send this news through Timothy. In the meantime he would send this letter to instruct, comfort and encourage them until his judgement was announced.
Notice from verse 24 that it was Paul’s hope that the outcome of the trial be in his favour. Should it be so, his desire was to visit the Philippians personally.
The facts that Paul wanted to visit the Philippians shows us that they were quite special to him.
Verse 25
Paul speaks here about a man named Epaphroditus. From Philippians 4:18 we understand that he had come to Rome with a gift for Paul from the Philippians:
18 I have received full payment, and more. I am well supplied, having received from Epaphroditus the gifts you sent, a fragrant offering, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God. – Phl 4:18
It may be that this letter of Philippians was delivered to them by Epaphroditus as neither Paul nor Timothy were able to leave at that time. Notice what Paul says about Epaphroditus.
First, he was a “brother.” At a very basic level the implication is that he was a fellow believer. More than this, however, he appears to be a brother in good standing with the Lord Jesus.
Second, Epaphroditus was a “fellow worker.” That is to say, he did his part for the service of the kingdom of God. Paul recognized his service.
Third, Paul describes Epaphroditus as a “fellow soldier.” He stood firm for the truth of the Gospel and the principles of righteousness. He defended those principles and doctrines and walked faithfully in them.
Fourth, Epaphroditus was a “messenger” from the Philippians. That is to say, he came with a word and a gift from the Philippians for Paul (Philippians 4:18).
Finally, he was a “minister” to Paul’s need. This ministry may have come in the form of the gift he brought, some other service, or perhaps because he was bringing back Paul’s letter to the Philippians.
Verse 26
Paul continues to speak about Epaphroditus. He tells the Philippians that this servant had a “longing” for them. The Greek word used for “longing” here is ἐπιποθέω epipothéō which carries the sense of earnestly desiring, or to be lovingly inclined toward. Paul saw in Epaphroditus a deep love for the Philippians that translated into a desire to be with them.
Paul went on to say that Epaphroditus was also “distressed.” The word Paul uses here is ἀδημονέω adēmonéō, which indicates that he was depressed and emotionally overwhelmed.
Notice the reason Epaphroditus was distressed in this way -“because you heard that he was ill.”
It was not his illness that distressed him but the thought that the news of this illness would cause the Philippians distress. He didn’t want them to be worried on his account. The thought of his illness causing grief for someone else was more than he could bear. There is here a powerful example of selflessness.
Verse 27
Verse 26 indicates that Epaphroditus was distressed because the Philippians had heard that he was sick. He did not want to cause them worry or concern. Notice, however, the extent of his sickness. According to Paul, “he was ill, near to death.” He almost died because of his sickness but his concern was more for the Philippians than himself.
Paul attributes his getting well to the mercy of God. The apostle understand that Epaphroditus’ life was in the hands of his Creator. In a world cursed by sin, sickness and suffering are commonplace. It is the mercy and grace of God that rescues and spares us.
Notice, however, that Paul believed that God had mercy on him for should this dear brother have died as a result of his illness, Paul would have experienced sorrow upon sorrow. Paul’s profound love for Epaphroditus is quite evident here.
Verse 28
Paul understood the concern of the Philippian church for the health of Epaphroditus. They were anxious to hear of his condition. Epaphroditus was longing to get back to Philippi to set their hearts at ease. It was for this reason that Paul felt compelled to send Epaphroditus to Philippi. He know how happy the church would be to see him and how happy he would be to be among themselves again.
It appears that knowing the worry these two parties had for each other was causing Paul a certain amount of anxiety. Knowing that they were together and comforted, would ease his burden for them both. This concern is an example of Paul’s pastoral heart.
Verse 29
Paul encouraged the Philippians to receive Epaphroditus “in the Lord with all joy,” and to “honour such men.”
These phrases indicates that Epaphroditus deserved special honour as an ambassador for the Lord. He had diligently represented the cause of the Lord and was to be honoured as His faithful representative.
Notice that Paul does not hesitate to recognize those who served the Lord with diligence. In fact, he encouraged the church to do likewise.
Verse 30
Paul tells the church of Philippi to honour men like Epaphroditus. He makes special mention of how Epaphroditus nearly died in Christ’s service and that he risked his life “to complete what was lacking” in the Philippians service to him.
We understand from Philippians 4:18 that Epaphroditus brought a gift to Paul from Philippi. While we do not know the details, it appears that Epaphroditus took certain risks to get these supplies to the Apostle. In this valiant act of service, Epaphroditus nearly died. He, successfully, filled a need as someone who would make this journey to supply Paul’s lack.
Paul was grateful for men like Epaphroditus who would risk their lives to faithfully perform such unnoticed but vital roles for the sake of the kingdom. Men like this deserved special honour.
Chapter 3
Select Verse
Verse 1
Notice how Paul begins the verse with the word “finally.” The Greek word λοιπόν loipón literally means “remaining”, or “as to the rest” and seems to form a break in his letter. In using this word the apostle seems to point the Philippians to us remaining content of his letter.
Paul speaks here to brothers. We should not see this as a reference to men only. The word ἀδελφός adelphós speaks more of a fellowship of people than a particular sex. In this case he speaks to the community of believers in Philippi.
Paul’s challenge to the Philippians here is to “rejoice in the Lord.” Notice that the rejoicing is in the Lord. It is in Him and His work that they were to find great joy and delight. Paul expected that believers rejoice and be joyous. The Christian life is a life of great joy and satisfaction. There is no greater delight than what is found in the Lord Jesus and a relationship with Him. He gives meaning and purpose to life and to know Him is to know life to the full.
The phrase, “To write the same things to you is no trouble to me and is safe for you,” can be difficult to understand. It is likely best seen in the context of what comes in the following verses.
When Paul tells the Philippians that he was going to write the same thing to them, he is telling them something he had already taught them. He tells the Philippians that the reason he is repeating himself is for their safety.
In the verses that follow, Paul addresses false teacher who peached circumcision for the Christian. There was a significant risk that some in the Philippian church would hear this teaching and fall prey to its falsehood. While Paul has already spoken to the church about this, he repeats it here to protect them from falling into this heresy.
Verse 2
Paul warns the Philippians against “dogs,” “evildoers,” and “those who mutilate the flesh.”
Obviously, these individuals were a danger to the church and it’s progress in the Gospel.
The dog was an impure creature in this cultural background. In calling these individuals, “dogs,” the apostle is insulting them.
These individuals were evil in his eyes. They were enemies to the Gospels and everything Christ taught.
Finally, these false teachers “mutilated the flesh.” As we look at the context of these verses, Paul speaks of religious leaders who demanded circumcision for Christians. In fact, the King James Version translates “those who mutilate the flesh,” by the word “concision,” referring to those who required circumcision.
According to the Apostle Paul, these individuals were enemies who taught false doctrine and threatened to harm the church of Jesus Christ. The Philippians were to watch out for them.
Verse 3
Paul speaks here about “the circumcision.” In the Jewish mindset, the circumcision, referred to the Jewish nation who practiced circumcision of all males. In their mind, they were the true people of God and bore a sign on their body that they were His children.
Paul turns this illustration around and tells the Philippians that the true “circumcision” or the true people of God were not those who bore the mark of circumcision on their body, but rather those who worshipped by the Spirit of God, glory in Christ, and put no confidence in their flesh.
Those who belong to God “worship by the Spirit of God.” That is to say, their worship of God is the result of the work of God’s Spirit in their lives. Their worship did not consist merely of man-made rules, traditions, and rituals, but come from a heart that was being transformed and moved by the presence of the Spirit of God who lived in them.
Second, the true believer, glories in Christ. Jesus Christ is their hope and confidence. They trust in Him and His work alone. They exalt Him and worship Him as Lord and Saviour.
Finally, the true believer puts no confidence in the flesh. That is to say, they do not rely on their own efforts to merit favour with God. They do not trust their religion, good life or sacrifices to gain a place in heaven. The false teachers Paul condemns here were declaring that circumcision guaranteed an individual status as a child of God. Paul condemns this teaching.
Verse 4
Paul has warned the Philippians about false teachers who emphasized circumcision and human effort to obtain salvation. He goes on here to tell them that if there was ever a person who could have confidence in the flesh it was him. In fact, he had more reasons to be confident in his human effort than any other person.
While Paul meet every qualification of these false teachers who taught salvation by works of the flesh, he placed absolutely no value in these efforts. He taught instead that salvation was solely based on the work of Christ on his behalf, and not on anything he did for Christ.
Verse 5
Paul begins his list of religious qualities. He does not do this out of boasting or pride but rather to show that if salvation were based on works, he met every qualification of the false teachers. Paul, however, will go on to say that none of these qualities meant anything as far as his standing with God was concerned.
The apostle begins by telling his readers that he was circumcised on the eight day according to the law of Moses.
Second, Paul reminded the Philippians that he was of the people of Israel. He was not converted to Judaism but was born into it. In the eyes of many in those days, a person converted to Judaism was somewhat less than one born into the faith. Paul was the purest of Jews.
Third, Paul was born into the tribe of Benjamin. Benjamin was born to Rachel, the favored wife of Jacob. He would become Jacob’s favorite and most protected son.
Fourth, Paul describes himself as a Hebrew of Hebrews. This phrase may indicate that Paul had no Gentile blood on him, nor did he live according to Gentle traditions, customs or language. He strictly maintained the Jewish culture and language.
Fifth, in regards to the practice of the Jewish law, Paul was a Pharisee. This religious group was known for its strict observation of the Law of Moses.
Verse 6
Paul continues his list of religious qualifications.
Sixth, continuing from verse 5, Paul reminds the Philippians of his zeal for the Jewish faith. In his desire to promote Judaism, Paul became the leading persecutor of Christianity. Acts 8:3 describes those days in the life of Paul, known as Saul:
But Saul was ravaging the church, and entering house after house, he dragged off men and women and committed them to prison. – Acts 8:3
This verse show us just how committed Paul (Saul) was to his Jewish faith in those days.
Finally, Paul describes himself as blameless in the observation of the Law of Moses. That is to say, there was none who observed the requirements of the law of Moses as faithfully as Paul.
All this is to show that Paul would meet every requirement of the false teachers for salvation. Those who knew Paul, however, knew that he did not trust any one of these qualities to get to heaven.
Verse 7
Paul comments now on his spiritual qualification listed in verses five and six. He begins with the words, “but whatever gain I had.”
Paul speaks here as someone under the law. Those who believed that salvation was a result of human effort would have seen the qualities listed in verses 5,6 as a spiritual benefit. Notice, however, what Paul thought about all these spiritual efforts and qualities – “I counted as loss.”
The word translated “loss” is ζημία zēmía. It literally means “damage, loss, or detriment.” Consider this for a moment. All the spiritual qualities Paul demonstrated in his life were a detriment to his salvation. These qualities kept his focus on himself and his personal efforts to merit salvation by his own efforts. Until he saw all these qualities as damaged goods, unacceptable to God, he could never experience the salvation offered by Jesus Christ. Paul came to see all his efforts as a loss and of no spiritual profit as far as his salvation was concerned.
Paul concludes his thought here with the words, “for the sake of Christ.” In other words, when confronted with a choice between trusting in his spiritual qualities and efforts, or the work of Jesus Christ, Paul put no value in his efforts, but trusted completely in what Jesus had done to procure his salvation.
Verse 8
In verse 7 Paul told the Philippians that he counted all his spiritual qualifications a loss for the sake of Christ. He goes even further here to say that he counted “everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus.” In other words, there was nothing in this world that compared to knowing the Lord Jesus.
Paul describes Jesus as “my Lord.” Paul was an important Jewish leader. Notice, however, that all that meant nothing to him now. Jesus Christ was his Lord and he would bow the knee to no other.
For Jesus his Lord, Paul had suffered the loss of all things. His position as a leading Jewish leader and all that brought was stripped from him. He chose not to marry and have a family so he could devote his life exclusively to the service of Christ. He suffered beatings, trouble and imprisonment. He was cast out of cities for his proclamation of the Gospel of Jesus. He now stood trail for his faith in Christ, not knowing if he would live or die.
Notice Paul’s attitude toward these losses. He told the Philippians that he counted them as “rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ.” All these worldly blessings and privileges meant nothing to him compared to “gaining Christ.” That is to say, to have Christ in his life and to fellowship with Him.
Verse 9
The Apostle Paul was willing to lose everything to be found in Christ. The concept of being in Christ can be difficult to understand. Being in Christ implies a connection to Him. The Apostle John uses the illustration of a vine and its branches in John 15. Just as the branches are grafted onto the vine, so the believer is grafted to Christ. This connection to Christ brings new life (2 Corinthians 5:17; 1 Corinthians 15;22), forgiveness of sin (Ephesians 2:13) and frees us from condemnation (Romans 8:1). By means of this connection we are sanctified (1 Corinthians 1:2) and guaranteed a dwelling with Christ in heavenly places (Ephesians 2:6).
Notice carefully the words of Paul here – “and be found in him.” Paul has gone to great lengths to tell the Philippians that all his religious efforts amounted to nothing. The words, “be found in him” remove all human effort. One day the apostle miraculously found his life changed. The Lord he persecuted was now his Lord. He was a new creature. God took a rebellious and undeserving sinner, forgave him and grafted him into Himself. That changed everything for Paul. This was not something the apostle did for himself. It was a gracious work of Christ in his life, giving him new life, forgiveness, and a right standing with God.
The apostle put no confidence in his own efforts to be right with God. Instead, He put his faith entirely in the miraculous and gracious work of Jesus Christ.
Verse 10
The Apostle Paul continues his reflection on the surpassing worth of knowing Christ. He makes four statements of passion here in this verse.
First, “that I may know him.” It was the great passion of the Apostle Paul to know Jesus. Paul preached about Jesus and pointed others to Him, but there was a deep desire to grow in that knowledge, love and intimacy with Him. He never lost that desire to grow in his relationship and knowledge of Jesus Christ.
Second, Paul wanted to know the “power of his resurrection.” The power of Christ’s resurrection was the power that conquered sin and death. It was by this power that Paul would conquer every impulse of sin and evil in his flesh. It was this power that would release him from this earthly body and give him a new and incorruptible one. It was this power that would bring him into the presence of Jesus and everlasting fellowship with Him.
Third, Paul wanted to “share his sufferings.” The word used for share here is the word κοινωνία koinōnía which means to share, fellowship or participate in. There may be two ways to understand what Paul is saying here. Paul may be referring to enjoying the benefits he received from the sufferings of Christ on the cross. He may also be referring to his desire to willingly suffer for Christ to glorify His name in the expansion of His kingdom. In the final analysis both of these were true for Paul.
Fourth, Paul wanted to become “like him in his death.” It was the passion of Paul to be faithful to Christ to the end. He wanted to end his life serving the purpose of the Father. He wanted to end well. He was not ashamed to die for Jesus.
Verse 11
Paul’s words in this verse can be confusing. The phrase “by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead,” could be seen by some to imply that Paul had some doubt about his salvation and was doing everything he could to assure that he would be resurrected from the dead and obtain a place in heaven with Christ. The problems with this interpretation is that it is contrary to everything Paul has been teaching the Philippians in this chapter.
Paul is not questioning his salvation or the fact that he would be raised from the dead to be with Christ. Nor did Paul believe that he had to do everything possible to merit his place with Christ when he died.
Likely the best way to understand what Paul is saying here is to see it in the context of the previous verses. Paul has willingly lost everything for the sake of Christ. The phrase “by any means” may be best understood in the sense of “whatever the cost.” Paul was willing to face anything, or lose everything for the sake of Jesus Christ who would raise him from the dead to live with Him forever.
Paul does not seek to obtain the resurrection by his religious zeal. The assurance of the resurrection, however, motivated him to give everything he had for the cause of his Lord, for he had nothing to lose, for even death was great gain.
Verse 12
Paul has been speaking to the Philippians about knowing Christ, sharing in His sufferings, becoming like Him in His death and experiencing the power of His resurrection.
Notice here how the Apostle was humble enough to admit that he had still not matured fully in these areas of his life. He taught these principles and qualities but still needed to learn them more fully himself – “not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect.”
It is important that we realize that not one of us can preach or teach from a standpoint of perfection. We all fall short of God’s standard. Nor should we expect perfection from our leaders for even the Apostle Paul fell short of this goal. We must learn to work with those who fall short of God’s standard of perfection and bear with each other in our failures and shortcomings.
While Paul fell short of perfection notice his attitude here – “but I press on to make it my own.” No, Paul was not perfect, but he strove toward that goal. It was his ambition to know Christ more, and to become like Him in his death. He would willingly suffer and lose all things to gain Christ and be found in Him.
Perfection will never be obtained in this life nor should we expect it of fellow believers. What we should expect, however, is a humble Spirit and ever growing desire to grow in maturity and intimacy with Him.
Notice the motivation for Paul’s passion to grow in his knowledge of Christ and experience of His power – “because Christ Jesus has made me his own.” There could be no greater motivation than this. As unworthy as we were, Christ loved us, died for us and made us His children. He set us free from the condemnation of sin and is now preparing a place in heaven for us. If that does not motivate us to seek Him more, than nothing will.
Verse 13
Paul repeats his thought from verse 12. He confesses than he had not yet “made it.” In other words he still had much to learn. He had not yet reached full maturity. He had not yet completed the course God had set out for him. He fell short of God’s standard. Paul tells the Philippians, however, that he devoted himself to pressing on toward the goal (see verse 14). For him to achieve that purpose Paul committed himself to doing two things.
The first commitment of Paul is expressed in the words “forgetting what lies behind.” Forgetting what is behind, may refer to Paul’s past with all is sin, and spiritual pride. It may be that Paul speaks here about his life without Christ under Judaism. He recognized that Christ died to save him from these things and so he moves forward and does not look back.
Forgetting what is behind may also refer to the sacrifices Paul made in life. He refused a wife and family. He refused a life of ease and comfort. When Jesus called His disciples in Matthew 4:19-22, they left their nets, their boats and their family behind to follow Jesus. Paul did not look back at the things he left behind to follow Jesus. If we are going to press on toward the goal, we cannot be weighed down with these burdens. There are sacrifices to make and we cannot be looking behind with longing eye. Our focus must be fixed and or determination solid if we are to reach our goal.
The second commitment of Paul was “straining forward to what lies ahead.” The word Paul uses here is ἐπεκτείνω epekteínō which literally means to reach toward something. There is here a sense of stretching to reach the goal. None of us like to be stretched but this is the requirement of faith. Paul was willing to undergo some discomfort. He was willing to be pushed beyond his comfort zone. If we’re are going to press on toward the goal we must be willing to stain and be stretched. Reaching the goal will require discipline and hard work.
Verse 14
By forgetting what is behind and staining toward what is ahead, Paul told the Philippians, “I press on toward goal.”
The word translated “goal” is σκοπός skopós which refers to the mark at the end of a race or the finish line. It was Paul’s desire to win this race and so he gave it every bit of energy he had. While the Christian life is a life of free grace, those who understand the nature of Christ’s salvation, willingly give their all to honour Him and win the race.
As any athlete would, Paul competes for the prize. Remember that all this hard work and effort is not to merit salvation. That salvation, Paul had already experienced and his place with Christ was assured. The effort Paul makes here is out of a desire to know and please the one who had saved him. His sacrificial service was a response of thanksgiving.
The prize Paul sought was “the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.” The upward call refers to Paul’s destination. That is to say, his goal is heaven and the presence of his Saviour. Ultimately, the call is to be where Christ is, and where Paul can enjoy Him forever.
Verse 15
Over the last number of verses the Apostle Paul has been sharing his understanding of the Christian walk. He considered everything loss compared to knowing Christ (Philippians 3:8). He wanted to know the righteousness that comes by faith in Jesus (Philippians 3:9). He sought to know Christ, and the power of His resurrection (Philippians 3:10). Paul had no pretensions of having achieved these goals in life (Philippians 3:12-13), but he consistently pressed on toward that objective.
He tells the Philippians that every mature Christian should have this same understanding, attitude and focus.
Notice how Paul addresses here those who “think otherwise.” Remember that Paul has been addressing false teachers who taught that salvation was only through circumcision and the observation of the Law of Moses.
To those who taught salvation apart from Jesus Christ Paul says, “God will reveal that also to you.” In other words the time we coming when the truth would be revealed. For many, however, that time would be to late.
Verse 16
One of the great challenges for us as believers is not to lose the ground we have conquered. All to many lessons have to be relearned. Temptations, and slackness in our spiritual walk causes us to lose territory we once possessed. Paul encourages the Philippians to hold true to what they had attained. In the case of the Philippians, it was quite possible that some could fall prey to the false teaching of these who insisted on the practice of circumcision and the Law of Moses. Paul encourages these believers to hold true to what he had taught them and resist the teaching of the circumcision party.
Verse 17
Paul was so confident of his priorities and goals in the Christian life that he encouraged the Philippians to imitate him. Paul’s life was an example for all to follow. This is not to say that he was perfect, but he was assured he was on the right path and lived with a clear conscience before God in all things.
Notice how the Apostle goes on to challenge the Philippians keep their eyes on those who walked according to the example they had in Paul and his co-workers. By so doing they would encourage each other in their spiritual walk. We are influenced by those with whom we fellowship and spend time. When we walk with those whose passion is for Christ and His glory we are motivated by their devotion. This shows us the importance of learning from each other.
The challenge of this verse is to ask ourselves whether or spiritual life is one we would want others to imitate.
Verse 18
Paul tells the Philippians that there are many people who walk as enemies of the cross of Jesus.
The cross was not something anyone would desire. It was a cruel form of death. In one sense we are all enemies to the cross as a form of death. Paul is speaking here, however, not just about any cross but the “cross of Jesus.” The cross of Jesus was different from any other cross, not in its cruelty and suffering but in what it accomplished – the forgiveness and salvation of God people.
Those who walked as enemies of the cross of Jesus, rejected it as the means of salvation and payment for their sin. In Paul’s day these individuals rejected the cross in favour of the Law of Moses and their personal efforts.
Notice that there were many who walked as enemies. Whole multitudes rejected the cross of Jesus as the means of salvation. This grieved the heart of Paul who saw the cross as humanity’s only hope of forgiveness and salvation.
Verse 19
Paul has four things to say about the enemies of the cross of Jesus.
First, “their end is destruction.” Those who reject the cross of Jesus, reject the only hope they have. Eternal destruction awaits all who reject this work of Jesus Christ.
Second, “their god is their belly.” We should not see this as only referring to food but a whole lifestyle of self-seeking and pleasure seeking. In other words these individuals lived for themselves and whatever pleased them.
Third, “they glory in their shame.” Because they were not guided by Christian principles, they boasted in practices and lifestyles that were contrary to the purpose of God. This may be related to a lifestyle that Scripture does not condone. It may be sin they joke about with friends. It may be in how they treat each other. In the case of the false teachers of Paul’s day, they boasted in their observance of the law of Moses while rejecting the Son of God. All of these things would be shameful to a true follower of Jesus.
Finally, the enemies to the cross of Jesus did not fix their eyes on Him but on the things of this earth. That is what motivated their lives and in what they found their greatest pleasure.
Verse 20
While the enemies to the cross set their hearts on the things of this world, Paul told the Philippians that this was not the case for those who belonged to Jesus Christ. “Our citizenship is in heaven,” he told them.
The loyalty of believers is to heaven. They are under its laws and governed by its principles. They enjoy the privileges and rights of heavenly citizens. Though they respect the rules of this earth in which they temporarily dwell, their heart and allegiance belongs to another country.
Paul reminded the Philippians here that though they lived on this earth, they awaited a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ. He would return and take them home to be with Him forever. This is the great longing of every true believer. The riches and attractions of this world fade when compared to this wonderful reality.
Verse 21
The Saviour we await will not only take us home to be with Himself but also transform our lowly body. The word translated “lowly” here is ταπείνωσις tapeínōsis which speaks of something that is humble or abased.
This earthly body is a marvel of creation. When God created it, He determined that it was good. With the entrance of sin, however, these bodies were abased. Sickness corruption and death reigned over them.
Our Saviour Jesus Christ died to conquer sin and death. The day is coming when we will shed this old mortal body and take on a new and glorious one.
Notice that our new body will be like that of our Saviour’s. From this we may understand that the Lord Jesus has a body in heaven. When on this earth, after His death, Jesus revealed His earthly resurrected body to many. We have no reason to assume that He gave up that glorified body when He returned to the Father.
Paul ends the verse with a word about the power that enables Jesus to transform our lowly bodies. This power is the power that “enables him even to subject all things to himself.” In other words it is the power that conquered sin and death. It is the power that makes Him the undisputed Lord over every nation, tribe and language. It is that power that transforms or lowly bodies into glorious new ones for His glory. For Paul this was a wonderful hope.
Chapter 4
Select Verse
Verse 1
At the end of chapter 3 Paul reminded the Philippians that their citizenship was in heaven where they would be with the Lord Jesus in a glorious new body.
He opens chapter 4 with two implication of that truth. First, because they were fellow citizens they were brothers and sisters in Christ. This is captured in the words: “therefore, my brothers.“
Notice Paul’s relationship to these fellow citizens of the heavenly kingdom. Paul loved them – “whom I love.” The word ἀγαπητός agapētós speaks of a holy, divine love that bonded them together in Christ.
Paul “longed for” his brothers and sisters. The sense here is that he had a great passion for them. That reflected itself in his desire to be with them and know how they were doing, but also in the sacrifice he was willing to make for them and their spiritual growth.
The Philippians were Paul’s “joy.” He had been responsible for them coming to faith and they had grown wonderfully in the Lord. Paul was proud of the progress they had made and of how they were living out their faith in Jesus Christ. They were a joy to his heart.
The Philippians were also Paul’s “crown.” The crown was given to the athlete who won the race. The life and testimony of the Philippians was proof that Paul had run a good race. Paul wore them like an athlete’s crown proudly displaying his victory.
If the first implication of of the truths Paul taught in chapter three is that they were beloved brothers and sisters in Christ, the second implication was that they needed to stand firm in the Lord.
Those who sought to live a godly life would suffer persecution. They would be tempted and tried in many ways. Relationships would be stained. False teachers among them would question the truth. All of this demanded that the Philippians learn to stand their ground without compromise. As Paul continues in chapter 4, he will point out some areas that need to be reinforced in the faith of the Philippians church.
Verse 2
Paul begins a new section in his letter here. In this section he offers a series of practical recommendations to the church. Remember in verse 1 that the apostle challenged the Philippians to stand firm. This implied paying close attention to their spiritual walk and testimony. Here in verse 2 Paul mentions two women – Euodia and Syntyche.
Paul encourages these two ladies to “agree in the Lord.” While Paul says nothing more to these women, it is obvious that there was a disagreement between them. The difference between them was such that it had reached the ears of Paul in a Roman prison, so it was of some significance and obviously a concern for the church in Philippi.
The direct exhortation of the apostle Paul in this letter would carried some weight. He exhorted them to resolve their differences.
Differences of opinion are a normal part of living in the body of Christ. We will never completely agree on all things as believers. The problem comes when we allow those differences to influence our feelings toward each other and our willingness to work together.
Paul does not accuse either lady of sinful behavior or false doctrine. He seems to recognize them as true believers in the church. He does encourage them to resolve their differences, however, so they did not hinder the work and testimony of the church.
The ladies were to agree in the Lord. In other words, they were to place this matter before the Lord and be willing to humble themselves under His Lordship. The agreement Paul speaks of here does not mean that the ladies would necessarily think the same way in the matter between them. It did mean, however, that they would need to put their differences aside. They may have had to agree to disagree, but they did so with the goal of learning to work together for the glory of God.
Verse 3
Paul goes on to speak of Euodia and Syntyche. While they had their disagreements, Paul describes them as “women, who have labored side by side with me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers,”
Euodia and Syntyche labored side by side with Paul in the Gospel. We are not told what these women did but they played an important role in Paul’s ministry.
These women also labored with Clement. He was an important Christian leader at the time. Many believe he was the Clement who become bishop in the church in Rome after the death of Paul.
Euodia and Syntyche were prominent women in the church. We need to see from this that even people in prominent ministries need to stand firm and beware of how the enemy can attack.
Notice the words of Paul in the beginning of the verse – “Yes, I ask you also, true companion, help these women.” The apostle appears to be speaking to someone in particular here. He simply calls the individual, “true companion.”
The word companion is σύζυγος súzugos, is used to speak of people who have joined together for a common cause. It is used, for example, to speak of a marriage but can also refer to fellow laborers. There is no indication as to the identity of the individual or individuals Paul is addressing here. He may be referring to a particular individual or possible to the church of Philippi who labored together with him in the Gospel.
Paul asks his “true companion” to help Euodia and Syntyche as they sought to work out their differences. Clearly there are times when we need the support of the larger body to work out our disagreements. There is no shame in this. The body of Christ needs to stand with each other in such times of need.
Verse 4
Paul challenges the Philippians to “rejoice in the Lord.” Notice how he repeats this twice in the verse. The repetition underlines the importance of what the apostle says.
The word rejoice implies delighting or finding great pleasure in. This rejoicing was to be “in the Lord.” He was to be the object of their rejoicing. The Lord was to delight their hearts. They were to find great pleasure in Him.
There are those whose faith is dull, sombre and dreary. This is not the faith Paul knew. His relationship with Christ filled his heart with delight. For Paul there was no life as rewarding, joyful, and satisfying as the Christian life. There was no one who could delight the soul so much as Jesus. It was unthinkable to Paul that anyone could truly know this Saviour and not rejoice in Him. More than this, however, it was the mandate of every believer to make Jesus the delight, desire and greatest treasure of their heart.
Notice one final detail here. Paul tells the Philippians to delight in the Lord “always.” When everything is going well, don’t let the things of this world depreciate your desire for Christ. When everything is going badly, lift up your eyes and see Him, and may the vision of His presence fill your heart with joy and delight in your fiery trial.
Verse 5
Paul encourages the Philippians to demonstrate “reasonableness” or “moderation” (KJV). The word Paul uses here is ἐπιεικής epieikḗs which speaks of something that is fair and appropriate. It also refers to the quality of one who is tolerant, humble and does not assert their will upon another.
Paul expected believers to live a quiet and humble life, treating others fairly and respectfully with consideration.This quiet and unassuming lifestyle would not give anyone cause to blaspheme the name of the Lord.
Notice how Paul adds the words, “The Lord is at hand.” The Philippians were to live a life of reasonableness because the Lord was at hand. When tested by their enemies believers were to be “reasonable,” knowing that God was ever near to protect and keep them. When tempted to anger or to wander, they were to remember that God was ever near watching them and extending His hand to help and support. When feeling overwhelmed, they were to respond with reasonableness, knowing that the day drew near when He would come to set things right. Knowing that the Lord is near was to impact how believers responded to the circumstances they faced in life.
While there is certainly application to the words, “the Lord is at hand” to what Paul taught in verse 5, the phrase may more importantly belong to the thoughts of verse 6, where Paul tires this to anxiety.
Verse 6
Verse 5 end with the words “The Lord is at hand.” This phrase really belongs with verse 6. It is the basis for what the apostle tell the Philippians here. Because the Lord is at hand, they were not to be anxious about anything. The word Paul uses for anxiety is μεριμνάω merimnáō, which means to care, or to be troubled for something. While caring for something is not the issue, there comes a point where our care and trouble is more than required and excessive and detrimental to our physical, emotional and spiritual health. The apostle warns the Philippians about this excessive concern and worry.
Notice that Paul tells the Philippians what they were to do instead of being anxious- “in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God.” Instead of being anxious about their problems, they were to give them to the Lord. The implication here is that the Lord would care for these matters . As a loving and Almighty God, it was not only within His ability to care for their concerns but also His great delight to do so on their behalf.
Notice how the Philippians were to let their requests be made known to God – “by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving.” By means of prayer and supplication the Philippians were to bring their worries and concerns directly to God. Supplication seems to imply making a request or petition of God. The believer was to speak directly to God about their worry and commit their anxieties into His capable hands.
Notice that Paul also told the Philippians to offer their prayers and petitions with thanksgiving. This thanksgiving may have been for the fact that God was willing to care for their their concerns. It may be for the fact that He was over all their worries and had their best interests at heart. Or it may have been in gratitude for what He would do as a result of their prayers and supplications.
The release from anxiety came because God was at hand. This nearness was not just about distance, for God is everywhere present. God’s nearness had more to do with intimacy. In other words, God was near them in love. He was near to bless. Knowing this loving intimacy with God and His intense desire for them, would set their anxious hearts at rest.
Verse 7
In verses 4-6 Paul has been advising the Philippians to do the following:
- Rejoice in the Lord always (vs 4).
- Live a quiet and “reasonable” life (vs 5)
- Commit their anxieties to the Lord (vs. 6)
The apostle went on to say that if they did these things, then the “peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.”
There are many believers who do not have the peace of the Lord. If this is the case, Paul’s advice would be to ask the following questions:
- Am I making the Lord Jesus the object of my rejoicing or are other things getting in the way?
- Am I demonstrating “reasonableness” in my dealings with other believers?
- Am I committing all my concerns and anxieties to the Lord in prayer, with thanksgiving?
Paul goes on to tell the Philippians something about the peace God offers.
First, God’s peace “surpasses all understanding.” That is to say, it doesn’t make any human sense that we should face tremendous obstacles and still be at peace. The peace God offers is not human peace that comes from the absence of chaos and turmoil, but peace that reigns despite these things.
Second, God’s peace will “guard our hearts and minds.” The heart is the seat of emotions, devotion and love. The mind is the source of our decisions, commitments and understanding. These places need to be guarded, if not, we risk wandering from God and experiencing a weakening commitment and love for Him. The anxieties and concerns of the world, if not given to God, will quickly distract us in our spiritual walk. The peace of God, that comes from a deep and confident trust in Him, breaks the hold of anxiety in our lives. It guards the devotion and commitments of our hearts and minds.
Finally, notice how all of this takes place – “in Christ Jesus.” The peace of God is possible only through the work of Jesus Christ. It is His work that enables us to have peace with God and in our life circumstances.
Verse 8
The apostle Paul has been offering a series of exhortations in these verses. He offers his final challenge to the church in this verse. This is evident in the introductory words – “finally, brothers.”
The challenge of Paul relates to what the Philippians allowed their minds and hearts to focus on. Paul is not just concerned with external actions but with the holiness of the entire person. In this verse Paul lists eight things the believer should focus his or her mind and heart on.
First, “whatever is true.” The Greek word Paul uses here is ἀληθής alēthḗs which is derived from two words “a” meaning without and “lḗthō” meaning hide. In other words, truth refers to a fact or reality without anything hidden. A person who is true is one who had nothing to hide. An action that is true has no hidden agenda. We hide things when we do not want people to see them because they are shameful or sinful in some way or another. What is true is free from sin and shame.
Second, “whatever is honorable.” We consider something honourable when it is worthy of respect, honour, and dignity. The measure of this of course is God and His Word.
Third, “whatever is just.” The word δίκαιος díkaios could be translated by righteous. Righteousness is defined by God, demonstrated in the person of His Son, and recorded in written form as the Spirit of God inspired the writers of Scripture. A just person lives according to the principles and standards of God’s Word. Whatever is just conforms to God standard of behaviour.
Fourth, “whatever is pure.” The word ἁγνός hagnós speaks of something that is free from defilement. Something is pure when it is holy, innocent and free from guilt and shame.
Fifth, “whatever is lovely.” Loveliness has to do with something that is dear and pleasing. The word lovely is προσφιλής prosphilḗs. It is derived from two words – “pros” meaning “to” and “phíléō” meaning “friend” or “dear.” This conveys the idea of something or someone that is a friend or dear to another.
Sixth, “whatever is commendable.” Something is commendable when it can be spoken well of or recommended.
Seventh, “if there is any excellence.” Excellence refers to something that is of superior quality.
Eight, “If there is anything worthy of praise,” something worthy of praise deserves recognition, applause, and approval. Praise is a recognition of worth and value.
Anything that meets this eight-fold qualification is worthy of our attention. Anything that does not, should be banished from our mind and heart.
Verse 9
Paul’s statement in this verse shows his devotion to the Lord Jesus and His purpose. This is not to say that Paul was perfect but he did strive with all his might to walk in a manner worthy of his calling. He encouraged the Philippians to follow this example.
The apostle begins by telling the believers in Philippi to practice what they had learned from him. The Apostle had taught the Philippians the truth of the gospel and what God required of them. They were to persevere in that teaching.
Second, notice that not only had the Philippians learned from Paul but they had received what he taught them. The word translated “received” is παραλαμβάνω paralambánō, which is derived from two words. The first is “pará” meaning from. The second is “lambánō” meaning to take. In other words, the Philippians not only listened to Paul’s teaching but they took it for themselves and made it theirs.
Third, Paul encouraged the Philippians to practice what they had heard from him. Seeing that Paul has already spoken about the Philippians learning from him, we should not limit hearing to formal teaching but to everything the Apostle spoke while among them as well as his manner of speech. He was confident that he had used his words in a manner that elevated the Lord Jesus in their midst.
Finally, Paul points the believers to what they had seen in his example and lifestyle. He encouraged them to follow that example.
As the Philippians walked in Paul’s teaching and followed his example in word and deed, the apostle was confident that the God of peace would be with them. As they lived in this way, nothing would hinder their fellowship with God. There is a connection in the mind of Paul between walking faithfully with God and knowing His peace and fellowship. There is no true peace in disobedience.
Verse 10
As Paul winds his letter down, he speaks of more personal matters. Notice here how he rejoiced in the fact that the Philippians had “revived their concern” for him.
It appears that the church in Philippi, though they had supported Paul on different occasions, for a time, “had no opportunity” to do so. We are not told what hindered this support, but it’s was not for lack of concern.
The Philippians had always been concerned for Paul and now that the opportunity had presented itself, they once again took advantage of this to supply Paul with a gift.
Verse 11
Paul is grateful for the support of the Philippians and the gifts they have sent him. Notice, however, that he was not particularly in need, for he had learned to be content in every situation.
Notice Paul’s words: “Not that I am speaking of being in need.” What defines need? Often it is our personal desires. The difference between want and need is often confused. We establish our personal goals and objectives in life and ministry and create a set of needs to reach our objectives. Sometimes these “needs” are not from God.
Paul was in prison at this time. Certainly he could have declared many needs. Paul chose, however, to go another route – he chose to be content.
In my personal life I have discovered that when finances are tight, there are two paths we can take. The first is to make more money. The second is to cut back on our expenses. Many people choose to look for more money. This was not Paul’s approach. When life became difficult, he learned to live with less. He learned to be thankful for the small blessings and saw the hand of God in them.
Paul understood that God was in the hard times as much as in the good times. God’s blessing was as much in the little things as it was in the big . Whether in little or much Paul rejoiced in the evidence of God’s presence. His life was not about comfort and blessing so much as it was about God, His purpose and leading.
Verse 12
Paul has just told the Philippians that he had learned how to be content in “every circumstance.” Notice that “every circumstance” for Paul was not just in the hard times but also in the easy – “I know how to be brought low, and I know how to abound.”
God will bring us through different circumstances in life. There will be periods of deprivation and periods of abundance. There will be times of grief and times of rejoicing. Paul experienced both. As believers, we need to learn how to live on the mountaintop as well as in the valley. The presence of God was with Daniel’s friends in the fire and also with the three disciples on the mountaintop. His presence was no less in one place than the other.
Paul tells the Philippians that he had learned the secret of facing both “plenty and hunger, abundance and need.”He reveals that secret in verse 13.
Verse 13
Paul reveals his secret to being able to live in “plenty and hunger, abundance and need” (Philippians 4:12) here.
He tells the Philippians that he can do all things “through him who strengthens me.” While the principle this verse teaches is applicable to a variety of circumstances in life, Paul uses it in this context to speak of being content in every circumstance.
What do I do when I feel discontent with my circumstances? I cry out to “Him who strengthens” for the grace to be content and learn what He has for me to learn. He will give me strength to face my circumstances if i surrender to Him and accept His purpose.
Verse 14
Paul returns now to the subject of verse 10 – the concern of the Philippians for him. That concern was demonstrated by the willingness of the church to share Paul’s trouble. The word translated share is συγκοινωνέω sugkoinōnéō, which means to participate with someone or to have something in common. In this case, the Philippians church treated Paul’s trouble as their own.
Verse 15
Concern for Paul and his ministry was nothing new for the Philippians. The Philippians church shared in Paul’s ministry and trouble from the “beginning of the gospel, when I left Macedonia.”
The city of Philippi was located in the Roman province of Macedonia. Paul’s reference to the beginning of the gospel refers to the time he came to their province and peached the good news of Jesus Christ and His offer of salvation to them. It was at that time that the Philippians accepted Jesus Christ and became believers.
When Paul left the province of Macedonia to share the gospel with other regions, the Philippians partnered with him by “giving and receiving.”
The words “giving and receiving” show that the partnership was not one way. The Philippians gave gifts and support to Paul but they had also received the Gospel, teaching and counsel from Paul.
Paul notes here that no church gave as much to him as the Philippians. He also notes, however, that no church was as receptive to his teaching as they were. This is course delighted the apostle’s heart.
Verse 16
Acts 16 describe Paul’s call to Macedonia and his ministry in the region of Philippi. Acts 17:1 tells us that when Paul left Macedonia he passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia and came to Thessalonica.
1 Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. – Ac 17:1
Paul’s reference to Thessalonica here shows us that from the moment the Philippians accepted the Gospel, they stood behind the apostle and his ministry. They did so by following his travels and sending him help over and over again.
Verse 17
Paul has been reminding the Philippians of how they had faithfuly supported his ministry from the time they heard the Gospel.
This was not something the apostle required or even sought from them. It was a gift they gave of their own free will. It was not Paul’s policy to seek support for his ministry. He worked to earn what he could and trusted the Lord for the rest. He did not make financial pleas but he did encourage believers to be generous and watch out for each other’s needs.
While Paul certainly appreciated the gifts the Philippians gave to his ministry, what pleased him more was the evidence of Christian fruit in their lives. Here were genuine believers who showed a willingness to sacrifice their own blessings for the cause of Christ. That blessed Paul’s heart.
The apostle reminded the Philippians that their sacrifice would not go unrewarded. God knew their works and would reward them accordingly.
Verse 18
Paul recognizes, in business terms, the receipt of a gift from the Philippians through Epaphroditus – “I have received full payment.”
This statement not only assured the Philippians that their gift had reached him but also that Epaphroditus had faithfuly carried out his duty.
The apostle tells the Philippians that he had received full payment “and more.” We might see from this either that the church had supplied him more than he needed, or that Paul refers not just to the physical gift but to the spiritual encouragement he received through this gift and the presence of Epaphroditus. Paul considered himself to be “well supplied, having received from Epaphroditus the gifts you sent.”
Notice how the apostle describes this gift – “a fragrant offering, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God.” Paul uses Old Testament Jewish language here. The Philippian’s gift was a “fragrant offering” in that it was pleasing and delightful. It was also a sacrifice “pleasing to God.” What the church in Philippi did was not just for Paul. It was also for God, and brought Him great delight as well.
The word “sacrifice” implies that there was a cost involved in offering this gift to Paul. They made this sacrifice so that the Apostle could be blessed.
Verse 19
In the last verse, Paul recognized the sacrifice of the Philippian church to provide for his needs. Paul knew that this had cost the church something – maybe even more than they could have truly afforded.
Paul told the Philippians, however, that God would provide for their need “according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus.” Most commentators see the phrase “riches in glory” to mean glorious riches. The rich blessings of God would be poured out upon the Philippians.
Paul tells the Philippians that these rich blessings were showered on them in our through the Lord Jesus. It was through His work on the cross that the Philippians had entered a relationship with God. It was through the inner work of His Spirit that they were transformed. It was through Jesus that the promise of eternal life became a reality.
Verse 20
While Paul was encouraged and “well supplied” through the Philippian gift. He recognized that God deserved the praise because of the work of His Son Jesus Christ. Were it not for His grace and forgiveness, none of this would have been possible. He deserved praise “forever and ever.”
Paul knew how God had led him to Philippi. He was conscious of how the Spirit of God had empowered his proclamation of the gospel for the salvation of the Philippian believers. He saw the work of the Spirit in transforming these believers. In all this, the apostle saw the gracious and sovereign hand of a loving God.
Verse 21
As Paul draws his letter to a close he tells the Philippians to greet every saint in Christ Jesus. Those who are in Christ Jesus are true believers. Paul’s greetings were to be conveyed to all true believers. Paul makes no distinction between believers here. All who were in Christ Jesus were his brothers and sisters. There was no distinction in social standing or race.
Paul also sends greetings from the brothers who were with him. We are not given the names of these brothers but their greeting expressed their unity with the Philippians in Christ. Paul reminds the Philippians of this unity by speaking of them as “brothers”.
Verse 22
History indicates that Nero was Emperor at this time. He was an evil emperor who persecuted believers in Jesus Christ.
Notice, however, that Paul sent greetings to the Philippians from the saints in Caesar’s household. The household of Caesar included family members but also servants who managed his affairs. What is particularly noteworthy is that despite the fact that Nero was so evil, God was still working in his home brings members to Himself. These believers sent greetings to their brothers and sisters in Philippi. It would have been a great blessing to the Philippians to know that these Roman believers took note of them and considered them bothers and sisters in Christ.
Verse 23
The apostle ends his letter with a prayer of blessing. His prayer is that the unmerited favour of God be with their spirit.
The words, “the grace of the Lord Jesus” implies that Paul’s desire was that the Philippians receive what they did not deserve from the Lord Jesus. He does not pray that they be good enough to receive His blessing, but rather that they receive His favour and mercy despite their unworthiness. This was their only hope.
The English Standard Version of the Bible interprets Paul to say that he wished the favour and blessing of God on their spirit. This is repeated in Galatians 6:18. Other translations simply translate “you all.” If “your spirit” is the correct translation, as in Galatians 6:18, than Paul is praying for God’s blessing on their innermost spiritual being. He wished them every spiritual blessing in Jesus Christ and that their spirit would be filled to overflowing with the richest of Christ’s grace.
