&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm ESihf
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm yxr? 'kwd,apmif
(JAMES AND 1, 2 PETER)
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmESihf &Sifayw½kMo0g'pm yxr? 'kwd,apmif
wkdYukd qifjcifESvkH;oGif;avhvmjcif;
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
(F. WAYNE MAC LEOD)
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdum
pum;OD; ----------------------------------------------------- 1
&Sif,mukyfMo0gpmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif; --------------------------- 3
1/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ---------------------- 7
2/ ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif; ------------------------ 15
3/ uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIukd *kPf,ljcif; -------------------- 23
4/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm; -- 31
5/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef -------------------- 41
6/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI --------------- 51
7/ rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf --------------------------------- 59
8/ *½kPmw&m;ESihfpD&ifjcif;w&m; ------------------------- 67
9/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv ----------------------------- 77
10/ vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif; ----------------------- 87
11/ txufrSÓPfynm ------------------------------------ 95
12/ avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif; ------------------------------- 103
13/ jrihfjrwfaomvrf; -------------------------------------- 113
14/ uREkfyfwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif; ----------------------- 123
15/ reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif; ---------------------------- 131
16/ csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuftrSm;pum; ----------------- 137
17/ ukd,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;-------- 145
18/ ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm; ------------------------------ 155
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukded'gef;ysKd;jcif; ---------------- 165
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm ESihf
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm yxr? 'kwd,apmif
(JAMES AND 1, 2 PETER)
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmESihf &Sifayw½kMo0g'pm yxr? 'kwd,apmif
wkdYukd qifjcifESvkH;oGif;avhvmjcif;
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
(F. WAYNE MAC LEOD)
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdumrmwdum
rmwdum
pum;OD; ----------------------------------------------------- 1
&Sif,mukyfMo0gpmukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif; --------------------------- 3
1/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ---------------------- 7
2/ ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif; ------------------------ 15
3/ uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIukd *kPf,ljcif; -------------------- 23
4/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm; -- 31
5/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef -------------------- 41
6/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI --------------- 51
7/ rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf --------------------------------- 59
8/ *½kPmw&m;ESihfpD&ifjcif;w&m; ------------------------- 67
9/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv ----------------------------- 77
10/ vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif; ----------------------- 87
11/ txufrSÓPfynm ------------------------------------ 95
12/ avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif; ------------------------------- 103
13/ jrihfjrwfaomvrf; -------------------------------------- 113
14/ uREkfyfwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif; ----------------------- 123
15/ reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif; ---------------------------- 131
16/ csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuftrSm;pum; ----------------- 137
17/ ukd,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;-------- 145
18/ ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm; ------------------------------ 155
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukded'gef;ysKd;jcif; ---------------- 165
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
19/ touf&Sifaomarsmfvifhjcif; --------------------------- 169
20/ xdku,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd ---------------------- 183
21/ azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm; -------------------- 193
22/ touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm; ------------------------ 203
23/ {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm; ------------------------------------ 213
24/ qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm; --------------------------------------221
25/ vifESihfr,m;0wf --------------------------------------- 233
26/ pdwfwnDwñGwfjzifhtwl &Sifoefjcif; ------------------- 243
27/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifhqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;------------ 253
28/ ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI ------------------- 261
29/ pdwf0dnmOftm;jzifhtouf&Sifjcif; ---------------------- 271
30/ tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD ------------------------------------ 277
31/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ---------------------- 285
32/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuf trSmpum; -------------- 291
33/ vli,frsm;twGuftrSmpum; --------------------------- 295
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif; -------------- 307
34/ tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm; -------- 311
35/ ,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqihfaygif;xnfhjcif; ------------------- 319
36/ ,HkrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum; ------------------------------- 331
37/ rdpämya&mzufrsm; -------------------------------------- 339
38/ wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;edrfhvQif ------------------------------ 351
39/ bk&m;ocif<uvmjcif;rSmtb,frSmenf; ---------------- 359
40/ tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf --------------------------- 367
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;
þpmtkyfonf &Sif,mukyfESifh&Sifayw½kwkdY\ Mo0g'pmrsm;ukd
qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;teufzGihfusrf;wpfapmifjzpfonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm
pmzwfolwkdYukd ocifbk&m;ESihftwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mü cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;zkdY Mo0g'pmrsm;udk avhvmjcif;wpfavQmufwGif wpfqifhNyD;wpf
qifh OD;aqmifvrf;jyoGm;&efjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfESihf &Sifayw½kwkYd\
a&;om;csufrsm;onf tvGefYtvGefvufawGUusaom a&;om;csufrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihfemusifjcif;rsm;onf þtoufwmwGif
tvGefppfrSefaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;NyD;
aemufwGif ocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuf
ukdvnf; ñTefjyay;xm;Muonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd
vufawGUü ppfrSefaomt&mjzpfapMuzkdY pdefac:xm;onf/ vufawGUus
aom,kHMunfcsufwpfckonf uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmü rnfokdYtvkyf
vkyfonfukdvnf; jyoay;xm;onf/ pmwefuwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd 0g;rsKd
zkdY&SmBuHvQuf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaeaom þavmuBuD;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtae
jzihf *½kpkdufapmifhMunfhí &SifoefaexkdifMuzkdY&Sifayw½ku qifhac:xm;
onf/ þMo0g'pmrsm;wGif atmifEkdifoltoufwmukd &&Sd&SifoefMuzkdY
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
19/ touf&Sifaomarsmfvifhjcif; --------------------------- 169
20/ xdku,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd ---------------------- 183
21/ azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm; -------------------- 193
22/ touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm; ------------------------ 203
23/ {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm; ------------------------------------ 213
24/ qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm; --------------------------------------221
25/ vifESihfr,m;0wf --------------------------------------- 233
26/ pdwfwnDwñGwfjzifhtwl &Sifoefjcif; ------------------- 243
27/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifhqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;------------ 253
28/ ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI ------------------- 261
29/ pdwf0dnmOftm;jzifhtouf&Sifjcif; ---------------------- 271
30/ tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD ------------------------------------ 277
31/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ---------------------- 285
32/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuf trSmpum; -------------- 291
33/ vli,frsm;twGuftrSmpum; --------------------------- 295
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif; -------------- 307
34/ tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm; -------- 311
35/ ,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqihfaygif;xnfhjcif; ------------------- 319
36/ ,HkrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum; ------------------------------- 331
37/ rdpämya&mzufrsm; -------------------------------------- 339
38/ wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;edrfhvQif ------------------------------ 351
39/ bk&m;ocif<uvmjcif;rSmtb,frSmenf; ---------------- 359
40/ tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf --------------------------- 367
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;pum;OD;
pum;OD;
þpmtkyfonf &Sif,mukyfESifh&Sifayw½kwkdY\ Mo0g'pmrsm;ukd
qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;teufzGihfusrf;wpfapmifjzpfonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm
pmzwfolwkdYukd ocifbk&m;ESihftwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mü cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;zkdY Mo0g'pmrsm;udk avhvmjcif;wpfavQmufwGif wpfqifhNyD;wpf
qifh OD;aqmifvrf;jyoGm;&efjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfESihf &Sifayw½kwkYd\
a&;om;csufrsm;onf tvGefYtvGefvufawGUusaom a&;om;csufrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihfemusifjcif;rsm;onf þtoufwmwGif
tvGefppfrSefaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;NyD;
aemufwGif ocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuf
ukdvnf; ñTefjyay;xm;Muonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd
vufawGUü ppfrSefaomt&mjzpfapMuzkdY pdefac:xm;onf/ vufawGUus
aom,kHMunfcsufwpfckonf uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmü rnfokdYtvkyf
vkyfonfukdvnf; jyoay;xm;onf/ pmwefuwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd 0g;rsKd
zkdY&SmBuHvQuf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaeaom þavmuBuD;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtae
jzihf *½kpkdufapmifhMunfhí &SifoefaexkdifMuzkdY&Sifayw½ku qifhac:xm;
onf/ þMo0g'pmrsm;wGif atmifEkdifoltoufwmukd &&Sd&SifoefMuzkdY
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vufawGUusaomw&m;a'oemrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGU&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/
þteufzGihf&Sif;vif;csuf usrf;wGJrsm;&Sdtjcm; pmtkyfrsm;ESihftwl
oifwkdYukduREkfyfpdefac:vkdonfrSm usrf;csufrsm;ukd teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csuf
rSwfpkESihftwlwuG zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csufpmtkyf\
tpdwftykdif;wpfckpDukd oifzwf½IavhvmonfESihftrQ oifh&JUpOf;pm;
xifjrifcsufukd OD;aqmifívrf;ñTefay;zkdY oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;
awmif;avQmufyg/ þpmtkyfwGJ\ &nfrSef;csufrSm omrefc&pf,mefrsm;ukd
ocifa,½IESihf4if;wkdYtwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;jcif;ü cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;&efjzpfonf/ udk,fawmf&SifESifhoD;oefYqdwfNidrfcsdefukd
tokH;jyK&mwGif þpmtkyfukd tokH;jyKyg/ wpfcgzwfvQif tykdif;wpfykdif;ukd
tjywfzwf½INyD; þpmtkyf wpftkyfvkH;ukd oifzwf½Iqifjcif&mwGif
ocifbk&m;ukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifap yg/ usrf;pm\þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
oifawmufavsmufavhvmqifjcifonfESifhtrQ cGeftm;opfrsm;
&&SdcHpm;&efrSm uREkfyf\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf oifhukdoGefoifjyoay;onfh t&mrsm;ukd
tjcm;olrsm;xHü a0iSzkdYoifhukduREkfyfpdefac:vkdygonf/ þpmtkyfukd
oifzwf½IqifjcifonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf oifhukd aumif;BuD;ay;í
olESihftwloif&SifoefavQmufvSrf;aejcif;ukd aumif;rGef jynfhpkH<u,f0
ygapaomf/
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; a&;om;jyKpkcJholrSm tmvzJ\om;jzpfí
wrefawmfq,fhESpfyg;rSwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY,kHMunf
xm;Muonf/ tmvzJ\taMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/ tmvzJ
[laomtrnf\ a[NAJpum;vkH;rSm uavmzjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf
ocifa,½IESihfnD0rf;uGJawmfpyfonf[k vlrsm;pGmu,kHMunfxm;Muonf/
&Sif,mukyf\rdcifrSm ]]uavmz\r,m; rm&d}} jzpfonf/ olrukdocif
a,½I\rdcifjzpfolrm&d? rm*'vrm&dwkdYESihftwl tNrJvkdvkdtwlawGU&
onf (a,m[ef 19;25 ukdMunfhyg)/ &Sif,mukyf\rdcifonf ocifa,½I\
&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;trIü rsufjrifoufaoESpfa,mufrSwpfa,mufjzpfEkdif
ayonf (róJ 28;1)/ &Sif,mukyfonf ocifa,½IESihfeD;eD;uyfuyfBuD;
jyif;vmcJhayvdrfhrnf/
olonf ocifa,½I\wynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;
ueOD;toif;awmfü ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;vnf;jzpfvmcJhvdrfhrnf
jzpfonf/ olonftoif;awmfü acgif;aqmift½kduft&mukd &,lcJh[ef
&SdNyD;? a,½k&Sviftpnf;ta0; (Jerusalem Council) üobmywdtjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf (wrefawmf 15;13-19)/ *vmwd 2;9 wGif &Sifaygvku
2
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vufawGUusaomw&m;a'oemrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGU&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/
þteufzGihf&Sif;vif;csuf usrf;wGJrsm;&Sdtjcm; pmtkyfrsm;ESihftwl
oifwkdYukduREkfyfpdefac:vkdonfrSm usrf;csufrsm;ukd teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csuf
rSwfpkESihftwlwuG zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csufpmtkyf\
tpdwftykdif;wpfckpDukd oifzwf½IavhvmonfESihftrQ oifh&JUpOf;pm;
xifjrifcsufukd OD;aqmifívrf;ñTefay;zkdY oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;
awmif;avQmufyg/ þpmtkyfwGJ\ &nfrSef;csufrSm omrefc&pf,mefrsm;ukd
ocifa,½IESihf4if;wkdYtwl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;jcif;ü cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;&efjzpfonf/ udk,fawmf&SifESifhoD;oefYqdwfNidrfcsdefukd
tokH;jyK&mwGif þpmtkyfukd tokH;jyKyg/ wpfcgzwfvQif tykdif;wpfykdif;ukd
tjywfzwf½INyD; þpmtkyf wpftkyfvkH;ukd oifzwf½Iqifjcif&mwGif
ocifbk&m;ukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifap yg/ usrf;pm\þtpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
oifawmufavsmufavhvmqifjcifonfESifhtrQ cGeftm;opfrsm;
&&SdcHpm;&efrSm uREkfyf\qkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf oifhukdoGefoifjyoay;onfh t&mrsm;ukd
tjcm;olrsm;xHü a0iSzkdYoifhukduREkfyfpdefac:vkdygonf/ þpmtkyfukd
oifzwf½IqifjcifonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf oifhukd aumif;BuD;ay;í
olESihftwloif&SifoefavQmufvSrf;aejcif;ukd aumif;rGef jynfhpkH<u,f0
ygapaomf/
tufzf 0def; rufvD,kd'f
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; a&;om;jyKpkcJholrSm tmvzJ\om;jzpfí
wrefawmfq,fhESpfyg;rSwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY,kHMunf
xm;Muonf/ tmvzJ\taMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/ tmvzJ
[laomtrnf\ a[NAJpum;vkH;rSm uavmzjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf
ocifa,½IESihfnD0rf;uGJawmfpyfonf[k vlrsm;pGmu,kHMunfxm;Muonf/
&Sif,mukyf\rdcifrSm ]]uavmz\r,m; rm&d}} jzpfonf/ olrukdocif
a,½I\rdcifjzpfolrm&d? rm*'vrm&dwkdYESihftwl tNrJvkdvkdtwlawGU&
onf (a,m[ef 19;25 ukdMunfhyg)/ &Sif,mukyf\rdcifonf ocifa,½I\
&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;trIü rsufjrifoufaoESpfa,mufrSwpfa,mufjzpfEkdif
ayonf (róJ 28;1)/ &Sif,mukyfonf ocifa,½IESihfeD;eD;uyfuyfBuD;
jyif;vmcJhayvdrfhrnf/
olonf ocifa,½I\wynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmcJhvdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;
ueOD;toif;awmfü ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;vnf;jzpfvmcJhvdrfhrnf
jzpfonf/ olonftoif;awmfü acgif;aqmift½kduft&mukd &,lcJh[ef
&SdNyD;? a,½k&Sviftpnf;ta0; (Jerusalem Council) üobmywdtjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf (wrefawmf 15;13-19)/ *vmwd 2;9 wGif &Sifaygvku
2
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olYukd ]](toif;awmf\) trSDwuJjzpfaom}} ol[kac:a0:cJhonf/ orkdif;
aMumif;t&olukd ]],mukyfav;}} (James the less) [kcspfpEkd;ac:a0:cHcJh
&onf[k xif&onf/ taMumif;rSmolonf ukd,fvkH;ukd,faygufao;i,f
aomaMumifhjzpfayrnf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf a,½k&SvifNrdKUü a&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD;
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;aMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfokdY ysHUESHUoGm;Muaom
,kHMunfolrsm;xHodkY vdyfrlcJhaom pmapmifjzpfonf[k teufzGihf&Sif;vif;
csufa&;om;olwkdYu ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/&Sif,mukyfu olwdkY&ifqkdifaecJhMu
&onfh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom pum;vkH;jzihf tpjyKí tqkH;
vnf;owfcJhNyD; ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY&ifqdkifae&onfh qif;&Jjcif; 'ku©udk
pdwf&SnfpGmjzifh onf;cHí ocifbk&m;udk ,kHMunfudk;pm;vQuf EIwfuywf
awmftm; emcHjcif;jzifh avQmufvSrf;&Sifoef MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\ pmzwfy&dwfowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkYxHü vufqifhurf;
oGefoifay;cJhonfh or®mw&m;udk ,kHMunf½kHoufoufomr[kwfbJ? aeYpOf
toufwmüvnf; vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:xm;onf/ &Sif,mukyf
twGufppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif;qdkonfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;oufouf
r[kwfyJ? aeYpOftoufwmüvnf; vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:xm;
onf/ &Sif,mukyftwGufppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif; qdkonfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;
oufoufr[kwf? vufawGUvkyfaqmifvIyf&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpf
onf[k a<u;aMumfaomolrsm;taejzifh þ,HkMunfjcif;udk toufwmü
vufawGUoufaojyMuzdkY &Sif,mukyfu arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/ olonf
rdrd\ pmzwfy&dwfowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\ teD;ywf0ef;usifrS vlwdkYESifh
qufqHa&;udk tusdK;oufa&mufrIjzpfaprnfh vufawGUqefaom
c&pf,mefbmomtaMumif;udk ½kd;½kd;&Sif;&Sif;jzifh xdxda&mufa&muf
ajymjycJhonf/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygyHk
þpmapmifonf vufawGUqefaom c&pf,mefbmomtaMumif;
udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;oGefoifay;aomaMumifh &Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf
ta&;BuD;aom pmapmifwpfapmifjzpfonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfxJü
wdkufcdkufwGef;vSefcJh&onfh wdkufyGJrsm;onf vlwdkYudk ]]tusifhoDvtajcjyK}}
,HkMunfjcif;rS u,fwifjcif;twGuf um;wdkifxufü ocifa,½Ivkyfaqmif
cJhaom trIawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;qDodkY ajymif;a&GUydkYaqmifay;jcif;ESifh
txl;oufqdkifcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREfkyfwdkY\ u,fwifjcif;onf
um;wdkifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmfüvHk;vHk;
tajccHxm;aomfvnf; ocifbk&m;udk ,HkMunfvufcHaomolrsm;onf
4if;wdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk toufwm&SifoefyHkü vufawGUoufaojyo
Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif;udk em;vnf oabmaygufapvdkonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumv&Sd toif;awmfudkvnf; vufawGUvkyfaqmifjcif;
twGuf pdefac:xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf pum;vHk;rsm;?
t,l0g'rsm;oufoufomr[kwf vufawGUvkyfaqmif vIyf&Sm;jcif;vnf;
jzpfonf[k uREfkyfwdkYtm; xdxda&mufa&muf jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/
4 5
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olYukd ]](toif;awmf\) trSDwuJjzpfaom}} ol[kac:a0:cJhonf/ orkdif;
aMumif;t&olukd ]],mukyfav;}} (James the less) [kcspfpEkd;ac:a0:cHcJh
&onf[k xif&onf/ taMumif;rSmolonf ukd,fvkH;ukd,faygufao;i,f
aomaMumifhjzpfayrnf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf a,½k&SvifNrdKUü a&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD;
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;aMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfokdY ysHUESHUoGm;Muaom
,kHMunfolrsm;xHodkY vdyfrlcJhaom pmapmifjzpfonf[k teufzGihf&Sif;vif;
csufa&;om;olwkdYu ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/&Sif,mukyfu olwdkY&ifqkdifaecJhMu
&onfh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom pum;vkH;jzihf tpjyKí tqkH;
vnf;owfcJhNyD; ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd 4if;wkdY&ifqdkifae&onfh qif;&Jjcif; 'ku©udk
pdwf&SnfpGmjzifh onf;cHí ocifbk&m;udk ,kHMunfudk;pm;vQuf EIwfuywf
awmftm; emcHjcif;jzifh avQmufvSrf;&Sifoef MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\ pmzwfy&dwfowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkYxHü vufqifhurf;
oGefoifay;cJhonfh or®mw&m;udk ,kHMunf½kHoufoufomr[kwfbJ? aeYpOf
toufwmüvnf; vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:xm;onf/ &Sif,mukyf
twGufppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif;qdkonfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;oufouf
r[kwfyJ? aeYpOftoufwmüvnf; vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY pdefac:xm;
onf/ &Sif,mukyftwGufppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif; qdkonfrSm pum;vHk;rsm;
oufoufr[kwf? vufawGUvkyfaqmifvIyf&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpf
onf[k a<u;aMumfaomolrsm;taejzifh þ,HkMunfjcif;udk toufwmü
vufawGUoufaojyMuzdkY &Sif,mukyfu arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/ olonf
rdrd\ pmzwfy&dwfowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\ teD;ywf0ef;usifrS vlwdkYESifh
qufqHa&;udk tusdK;oufa&mufrIjzpfaprnfh vufawGUqefaom
c&pf,mefbmomtaMumif;udk ½kd;½kd;&Sif;&Sif;jzifh xdxda&mufa&muf
ajymjycJhonf/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygyHk
þpmapmifonf vufawGUqefaom c&pf,mefbmomtaMumif;
udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;oGefoifay;aomaMumifh &Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf
ta&;BuD;aom pmapmifwpfapmifjzpfonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfxJü
wdkufcdkufwGef;vSefcJh&onfh wdkufyGJrsm;onf vlwdkYudk ]]tusifhoDvtajcjyK}}
,HkMunfjcif;rS u,fwifjcif;twGuf um;wdkifxufü ocifa,½Ivkyfaqmif
cJhaom trIawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;qDodkY ajymif;a&GUydkYaqmifay;jcif;ESifh
txl;oufqdkifcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREfkyfwdkY\ u,fwifjcif;onf
um;wdkifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmfüvHk;vHk;
tajccHxm;aomfvnf; ocifbk&m;udk ,HkMunfvufcHaomolrsm;onf
4if;wdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk toufwm&SifoefyHkü vufawGUoufaojyo
Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif;udk em;vnf oabmaygufapvdkonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumv&Sd toif;awmfudkvnf; vufawGUvkyfaqmifjcif;
twGuf pdefac:xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf pum;vHk;rsm;?
t,l0g'rsm;oufoufomr[kwf vufawGUvkyfaqmif vIyf&Sm;jcif;vnf;
jzpfonf[k uREfkyfwdkYtm; xdxda&mufa&muf jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/
4 5
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmtm; ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
11
11
1
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
,mukyf 1;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifukd ,mukyf[kac:aomolwpfa,mufu a&;om;jyKpk
cJhonf/ ol\jzpfwnfrItrSefESihfpyfvsOf;í ½IyfaxG;rItcsKdU&Sdaeygonf/
"r®opfusrf;wGif þtrnfemrESihfta&;BuD;aomyk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufukd
tenf;qkH;awGU&onf/ yxrwpfOD;rSm aZaA'J\om; ,mukyfjzpfí wref
awmfq,fESpfyg;xJrS wpfyg;jzpfonf (róJ 10;2)/ olonftvkyftukdif
tm;jzihf wHigonfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,yk*¾dKvfrSm tmvzJ\om;,mukyf
jzpfonf(róJ 10;3)/ olonfvnf; wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfcJhonf/ þpm
apmifukd a&;om;jyKpkcJholrSm tmvzJ\om;,mukyfjzpfí ocifa,½I\
aqGrsKd;&if;jcmwpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzihf ,kHMunfxm;Muonf
(*vmwd 1;19)/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif pma&;olurdrdukd,fukd bk&m;ocifESihfocif
a,½I\uRef[k &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; &nfñTef;ajymqkdcJhonf/ ol\pdwf
ESvkH;ESdrfhcswwfrIukd uREkfyfwkdYowdjyKrd&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
toif;awmfxJü ukd,fhukd,fukdrnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfh&mxl;ukd
qkyfukdifxm;aMumif;tm; tjcm;olrsm;ukd odapvkd&efrSmtvGef vG,fulvS
ygonf/ þpmapmifukda&;om;jyKpkolonf xkduJhodkYaomt&mrsm;ukd pdwf
11
11
1
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
,mukyf 1;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifukd ,mukyf[kac:aomolwpfa,mufu a&;om;jyKpk
cJhonf/ ol\jzpfwnfrItrSefESihfpyfvsOf;í ½IyfaxG;rItcsKdU&Sdaeygonf/
"r®opfusrf;wGif þtrnfemrESihfta&;BuD;aomyk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufukd
tenf;qkH;awGU&onf/ yxrwpfOD;rSm aZaA'J\om; ,mukyfjzpfí wref
awmfq,fESpfyg;xJrS wpfyg;jzpfonf (róJ 10;2)/ olonftvkyftukdif
tm;jzihf wHigonfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,yk*¾dKvfrSm tmvzJ\om;,mukyf
jzpfonf(róJ 10;3)/ olonfvnf; wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfcJhonf/ þpm
apmifukd a&;om;jyKpkcJholrSm tmvzJ\om;,mukyfjzpfí ocifa,½I\
aqGrsKd;&if;jcmwpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzihf ,kHMunfxm;Muonf
(*vmwd 1;19)/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif pma&;olurdrdukd,fukd bk&m;ocifESihfocif
a,½I\uRef[k &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; &nfñTef;ajymqkdcJhonf/ ol\pdwf
ESvkH;ESdrfhcswwfrIukd uREkfyfwkdYowdjyKrd&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
toif;awmfxJü ukd,fhukd,fukdrnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfh&mxl;ukd
qkyfukdifxm;aMumif;tm; tjcm;olrsm;ukd odapvkd&efrSmtvGef vG,fulvS
ygonf/ þpmapmifukda&;om;jyKpkolonf xkduJhodkYaomt&mrsm;ukd pdwf
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
r0ifpm;cJhyg/ olonfocifa,½Ic&pf\ uRefwpfOD;oufoufomjzpfcJhNyD;?
xkd*kPfxl;ukd oltvGefauseyfcJhygonf/ þuJhokdYaom pdwfxm;rsKd;uREkfyf
wkdYüvnf; &Sdoihfonf/ toif;awmfü uREkfyfwkdYrnfuJhokdYaom&mxl;ukdrqkd
qkyfukdifxm;&ygap/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHuRefrsm;om
jzpfMuygonf/ toif;awmfwnf;[laom c&pfawmfukd,fE¨m&Sd rnfonfh
&mxl;rqkd ta&;BuD;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf vlwdkYurdrdukdarmfMunfhae
onftjzpfrsKd;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;yg/ ocifa,½Itm; olwkdYawGUjrif&efukdom
olpdwfqE´&Sdonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdukd,fukdbk&m;ocifESihfocifa,½Ic&pf\ uRef
wpfa,muftaejzihf wifjy&nfñTef;xm;csufonf bk&m;ocifESihfocif
a,½Ic&pfukd wef;wlol½IjrifaMumif; ñTefjyaeygonf/ olonfbk&m;ocif
\tapcHuRefjzpfcJhoavmuf ocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHuRefvnf;jzpfcJhyg
onf/ olonfþtrnfemrESpfyg;ukd wef;wl&nfwloabmrxm;vQif
b,faomtcgwGifrQtwl ,SOfwGJíazmfjycJhrnfr[kwfyg/ olonfocif
a,½Iukdc&pfawmfjzpfonf[k azmfjycJhonf/ þtcsufonfvnf; ta&;
BuD;ygonf/ *&dpum;vkH; tokH;tEIef;wGif c&pfawmf[laomtrnfemr
onf ]]bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cHolwpfyg;}} (anointed one) [lí
t"dyÜg,f&onf (a[NAJpum;vkH;tokH;tEIef;wGif ar&Sd,[líjzpfonf)/
þusrf;aqmiftquftpyf (context) wGif &Sif,mukyfu ocifa,½Iukd
c&pfawmf[k&nfñTef;&mwGif olonfrdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocif
a,½Iukd c&pfawmf[k&nfñTef;&mwGif olonfrdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocifxHrS bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cHxm;&ol?
xl;jcm;av;eufaom &nf&G,fcsufwpfcktwGuf bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;
cHxm;&oltwpfyg;tjzpf rdrd½IjrifaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeygonf/ ocif
a,½Ionftjypf'kp½kduftwGuf ,ZfylaZmfjcif;wpfckjzpfvmzkdY bdoduf
oGef;avmif;jcif;cHxm;&onf/ oljyKvkyfcJhonfhtrIawmftm;jzihf vlom;
rsKd;EG,fwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifcJhMu
rnfjzpfonf/
þtzGihftcef;i,fwGif &Sif,mukyfonf rdrdtaMumif;tcsKdUukd
xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf c&pfawmfjzpfaMumif;?
bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cH&olwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;? ar&Sd,jzpfaMumif;? t&m
cyfodrf;wGif bk&m;ocifESihf wef;wl&nfwljzpfaMumif;wkdYukd tav;teuf
az:jyxm;onf/ xkduJhokdYaom aus;Zl;awmfESihfjynfhpkHítHhzG,fbk&m;ocif
\tapcHuRefwpfa,mufjzpf&jcif;onf tvGefBuD;rm;aomtcGihfta&;
wpfcktjzpf &Sif,mukyfu rSwf,lcJhonf/
þpmapmifukd wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;ü ysHUESHYoGm;Muaom vlrsKd;EG,f
q,fhESpfyg;xHodkY vdyfrlía&;om;cJhonf/ vlrsKd;EG,fq,fhESpfyg;qdkonfrSm
£oa&vvlwkdYukd&nfñTef;onf/ okdYaomf þ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;onf ocif
a,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf[k,lq&onf/ þ,k'
vlrsKd;rsm;onf wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;odkY ysHUESHYoGm;MuaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csufa&;om;olrsm;u þ,k'vlrsKd;rsm; ygvuf
pwkdif;jynfü raexkdifMujcif;taMumif;rSm wrefawmf 8 &Sd oawzef
towfcH&NyD;aemufwGif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIBuD;wpfckay:xGufcJhaomaMumihf
jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfMuyg/ rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYukd ]]ighnDtpfukdwkdY}} (i,f
2) [k &nfñTef;jcif;tm;jzihf &Sif,mukyfonf ocifa,½Iukd oduRrf;vufcH
,kHMunfcJhMuaom ,k'vlrsm;ukd ajymqkdaeaMumif;rSm &Sif;aeygonf/ þ
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
89
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
r0ifpm;cJhyg/ olonfocifa,½Ic&pf\ uRefwpfOD;oufoufomjzpfcJhNyD;?
xkd*kPfxl;ukd oltvGefauseyfcJhygonf/ þuJhokdYaom pdwfxm;rsKd;uREkfyf
wkdYüvnf; &Sdoihfonf/ toif;awmfü uREkfyfwkdYrnfuJhokdYaom&mxl;ukdrqkd
qkyfukdifxm;&ygap/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHuRefrsm;om
jzpfMuygonf/ toif;awmfwnf;[laom c&pfawmfukd,fE¨m&Sd rnfonfh
&mxl;rqkd ta&;BuD;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf vlwdkYurdrdukdarmfMunfhae
onftjzpfrsKd;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;yg/ ocifa,½Itm; olwkdYawGUjrif&efukdom
olpdwfqE´&Sdonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdukd,fukdbk&m;ocifESihfocifa,½Ic&pf\ uRef
wpfa,muftaejzihf wifjy&nfñTef;xm;csufonf bk&m;ocifESihfocif
a,½Ic&pfukd wef;wlol½IjrifaMumif; ñTefjyaeygonf/ olonfbk&m;ocif
\tapcHuRefjzpfcJhoavmuf ocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHuRefvnf;jzpfcJhyg
onf/ olonfþtrnfemrESpfyg;ukd wef;wl&nfwloabmrxm;vQif
b,faomtcgwGifrQtwl ,SOfwGJíazmfjycJhrnfr[kwfyg/ olonfocif
a,½Iukdc&pfawmfjzpfonf[k azmfjycJhonf/ þtcsufonfvnf; ta&;
BuD;ygonf/ *&dpum;vkH; tokH;tEIef;wGif c&pfawmf[laomtrnfemr
onf ]]bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cHolwpfyg;}} (anointed one) [lí
t"dyÜg,f&onf (a[NAJpum;vkH;tokH;tEIef;wGif ar&Sd,[líjzpfonf)/
þusrf;aqmiftquftpyf (context) wGif &Sif,mukyfu ocifa,½Iukd
c&pfawmf[k&nfñTef;&mwGif olonfrdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocif
a,½Iukd c&pfawmf[k&nfñTef;&mwGif olonfrdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocifxHrS bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cHxm;&ol?
xl;jcm;av;eufaom &nf&G,fcsufwpfcktwGuf bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;
cHxm;&oltwpfyg;tjzpf rdrd½IjrifaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeygonf/ ocif
a,½Ionftjypf'kp½kduftwGuf ,ZfylaZmfjcif;wpfckjzpfvmzkdY bdoduf
oGef;avmif;jcif;cHxm;&onf/ oljyKvkyfcJhonfhtrIawmftm;jzihf vlom;
rsKd;EG,fwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifcJhMu
rnfjzpfonf/
þtzGihftcef;i,fwGif &Sif,mukyfonf rdrdtaMumif;tcsKdUukd
xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf c&pfawmfjzpfaMumif;?
bdodufoGef;avmif;jcif;cH&olwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;? ar&Sd,jzpfaMumif;? t&m
cyfodrf;wGif bk&m;ocifESihf wef;wl&nfwljzpfaMumif;wkdYukd tav;teuf
az:jyxm;onf/ xkduJhokdYaom aus;Zl;awmfESihfjynfhpkHítHhzG,fbk&m;ocif
\tapcHuRefwpfa,mufjzpf&jcif;onf tvGefBuD;rm;aomtcGihfta&;
wpfcktjzpf &Sif,mukyfu rSwf,lcJhonf/
þpmapmifukd wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;ü ysHUESHYoGm;Muaom vlrsKd;EG,f
q,fhESpfyg;xHodkY vdyfrlía&;om;cJhonf/ vlrsKd;EG,fq,fhESpfyg;qdkonfrSm
£oa&vvlwkdYukd&nfñTef;onf/ okdYaomf þ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;onf ocif
a,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf[k,lq&onf/ þ,k'
vlrsKd;rsm;onf wkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD;odkY ysHUESHYoGm;MuaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
teufzGihf&Sif;vif;csufa&;om;olrsm;u þ,k'vlrsKd;rsm; ygvuf
pwkdif;jynfü raexkdifMujcif;taMumif;rSm wrefawmf 8 &Sd oawzef
towfcH&NyD;aemufwGif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIBuD;wpfckay:xGufcJhaomaMumihf
jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfMuyg/ rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYukd ]]ighnDtpfukdwkdY}} (i,f
2) [k &nfñTef;jcif;tm;jzihf &Sif,mukyfonf ocifa,½Iukd oduRrf;vufcH
,kHMunfcJhMuaom ,k'vlrsm;ukd ajymqkdaeaMumif;rSm &Sif;aeygonf/ þ
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
89
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pmapmifüawGU&aom ol\&nf&G,fcsufrSm n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf
ppfaMumjcif;umvrsm;wGif olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd cGeftm;ay;vIHYaqmf&ef
jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; trsKd;
rsKd;aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&csdefwGif 4if;wdkYukd ]]0rf;ajrmufp&m
taMumif;oufoufjzpfonf}} [k okH;oyfMu&ef pdefac:xm;onf/ þb0
wGiftrsKd;rsKd;aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu
olwkdYukdtoday;xm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYxJrS rnfolrQppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;ESihf vGwfuif;rnfr[kwfyg/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf ½kyf
cE¨mzsm;emjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;twGuf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&jcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; a&muf&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sdtjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;xHrSvnf;aumif;? qufqHa&;rajyvnfrIrsm;tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; a&muf&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ rnfuJhokdYaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsKd;
jzpfaeygap? xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&wkdif; ]]0rf;
ajrmufp&mtaMumif; oufoufjzpfonf}}[k okH;oyf&rnf[k &Sif,mukyf
uuREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ þtaMumif;ukd tao;pdwfavhvmzkdY
vkdtyfonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf teuft"dyÜg,ftm;jzihfqkdvQif cufcJ
Murf;wrf;vSygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif cspf&aomolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrS
½kwfw&ufqGJxkwfz,f&Sm;jcif;cHMu&ygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdY\
r[kwfrrSefowif;rsm;ukd jzefYMuNyD;xdckdufepfemrIrsm;pGmukd jzpfapygonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaomemusifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
xJurnfolurQ rESpfNcdKufMuyg/ &Sif,mukyfajymaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
qkdonfrSm ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;tajctaeü r[kwfyJ? xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifrnfht&müjzpfonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd 0rf;ajrmufp&mtcsdeftcgrsm;uJhokdY tb,faMumihfrSwf,l&rnf[kqkd
&vQif uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;ukd arG;xkwfay;aMumif; uREkfyfwkdYodxm;
MuaomaMumihfjzpfonf[k &Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 3wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymjyonf/ xkdtqkH;wkdifwnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;onf &ifhusuf
jcif;ukd wpfzefarG;xkwfay;ygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mADwmriftm;aq;wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd
aomufokH;NyD;? 0dnmOfa&;&m&ifhusufjcif;ESihftwl eHeuftdyf,mrStNrJ
Ekd;xEkdifvQif tvGefaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf 0dnmOfa&;onf xkdenf;jzifh
tvkyf rvkyfyg/ trSefqkd&vQif &ifhusufjcif;onf tcsdefvkdtyfonf/
þtcsif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\yef;O,smOfxJrS yef;yifrsm;rnfokdY BuD;xGm;
vmMuyHk (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm; rnfokdYBuD;xGm;í&ifhusufvmMuyHk
ukdMunfhjcif;jzihf em;vnfoabmaygufEkdifygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;avmuonf
vnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IyifvQif 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;jzihf
emcHjcif;ukd oif,lcJhonf(a[NAJ 5;8)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mü
&ifhusufvkdvQif tcsdefESihfonf;cHjcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\b0
vrf;aMumif;ay:ü a&muf&Sdvmaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY
\toufwmü c&pf,meftusihfvu©Pmukd azmfxkwfay;zkdY ocifbk&m;
u toHk;jyKaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;
jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfykHazmfMu&onf/ tjypf
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
10 11
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pmapmifüawGU&aom ol\&nf&G,fcsufrSm n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf
ppfaMumjcif;umvrsm;wGif olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd cGeftm;ay;vIHYaqmf&ef
jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; trsKd;
rsKd;aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&csdefwGif 4if;wdkYukd ]]0rf;ajrmufp&m
taMumif;oufoufjzpfonf}} [k okH;oyfMu&ef pdefac:xm;onf/ þb0
wGiftrsKd;rsKd;aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu
olwkdYukdtoday;xm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYxJrS rnfolrQppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;ESihf vGwfuif;rnfr[kwfyg/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf ½kyf
cE¨mzsm;emjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;twGuf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&jcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; a&muf&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sdtjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;xHrSvnf;aumif;? qufqHa&;rajyvnfrIrsm;tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; a&muf&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ rnfuJhokdYaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsKd;
jzpfaeygap? xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&wkdif; ]]0rf;
ajrmufp&mtaMumif; oufoufjzpfonf}}[k okH;oyf&rnf[k &Sif,mukyf
uuREkfyfwkdYukd ajymjyxm;onf/ þtaMumif;ukd tao;pdwfavhvmzkdY
vkdtyfonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf teuft"dyÜg,ftm;jzihfqkdvQif cufcJ
Murf;wrf;vSygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif cspf&aomolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrS
½kwfw&ufqGJxkwfz,f&Sm;jcif;cHMu&ygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdY\
r[kwfrrSefowif;rsm;ukd jzefYMuNyD;xdckdufepfemrIrsm;pGmukd jzpfapygonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaomemusifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
xJurnfolurQ rESpfNcdKufMuyg/ &Sif,mukyfajymaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
qkdonfrSm ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;tajctaeü r[kwfyJ? xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifrnfht&müjzpfonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd 0rf;ajrmufp&mtcsdeftcgrsm;uJhokdY tb,faMumihfrSwf,l&rnf[kqkd
&vQif uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;ukd arG;xkwfay;aMumif; uREkfyfwkdYodxm;
MuaomaMumihfjzpfonf[k &Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 3wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymjyonf/ xkdtqkH;wkdifwnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;onf &ifhusuf
jcif;ukd wpfzefarG;xkwfay;ygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mADwmriftm;aq;wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd
aomufokH;NyD;? 0dnmOfa&;&m&ifhusufjcif;ESihftwl eHeuftdyf,mrStNrJ
Ekd;xEkdifvQif tvGefaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf 0dnmOfa&;onf xkdenf;jzifh
tvkyf rvkyfyg/ trSefqkd&vQif &ifhusufjcif;onf tcsdefvkdtyfonf/
þtcsif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\yef;O,smOfxJrS yef;yifrsm;rnfokdY BuD;xGm;
vmMuyHk (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\om;orD;rsm; rnfokdYBuD;xGm;í&ifhusufvmMuyHk
ukdMunfhjcif;jzihf em;vnfoabmaygufEkdifygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;avmuonf
vnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IyifvQif 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;jzihf
emcHjcif;ukd oif,lcJhonf(a[NAJ 5;8)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mü
&ifhusufvkdvQif tcsdefESihfonf;cHjcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\b0
vrf;aMumif;ay:ü a&muf&Sdvmaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY
\toufwmü c&pf,meftusihfvu©Pmukd azmfxkwfay;zkdY ocifbk&m;
u toHk;jyKaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;
jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfykHazmfMu&onf/ tjypf
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
10 11
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
'kp½kdufrSm usKd;yJhysufpD;oGm;í uREkfyfwkdYrSmvnf; oefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
aumif;aomrdbrsm;u rdrdwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd &ifhusufjcif;qDokdY
pnf;urf;ESihfMuyfrwfxdef;ausmif;í avhusihfoGefoifay;MuouJhokdY uREkfyf
wkdYESihfocifbk&m;\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIrSmvnf; xkdtwkdif;yifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm bk&m;ocif
onfrdrd\&nf&G,fcsufukd NyD;jynfhpkHap&efESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\tem;okdY
qGJaqmif&ef uREkfyfwdkY\toufwmrS emusifrIrsm;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
toD;oD;ukd tokH;jyKvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfpdwfcsaeEkdifygonf/ ykdí
BuHUckdifoefrmí ykdíaumif;rGefaomtapcHuRefrsm; jzpfvmzdkYbk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
jyifqifíykHoGif;wyfqifay;aeygonf/ ,cktcsdefwGifoifonf tcufcJ
Murf;wrf;aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd &ifqkdifaumif;&ifqkdifae&yg
vdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdolYtem;odkYqGJac:&ef xkdt&mukdtokH;jyK
ygvdrfhrnf[k owd&yg/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd,füu 0rf;ajrmufzG,f
raumif;yg/ odkYaomf oifhtxJü bk&m;ocifuazmfaqmifvmrnfh 0dnmOf
a&;&mBuD;xGm;rIwGif 0rf;ajrmufjcif;a&muf&Sdvmygonf/
þusrf;ykd'frS tjcm;tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'o aemufxyfwpfckukd
azmfjycGihfjyKyg/ ocifc&pfawmfü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzdkYqkdvQif tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaomt&mjzpfonf/
tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm cufcJMuyfwnf;aomumvrsm;wGif
opöm&Sd&SdwnfNrJaejcif;jzpfonf/ ta0;okdYajy;a&SmifroGm;jcif; (okdY) ajy;
aygufukdr&SmBuHjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemrsm;ESihfppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd ta0;okdYxGufoGm;&ef uREkfyfwkdYtBudrfrnfrQqkawmif;cJhMu
zl;ygoenf;/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf om,mMunfEl;zG,ft&mrsm;
r[kwfMuaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmjcif;twGuf
r&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd aMumuf&GHUaezkdY rvkdyg/
þtcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;xHrS tNrJa&mufrvm
wwfaomfvnf;? ocifbk&m;onf 4if;wkdYukduREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd rdrd\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd taumiftxnfaz:zkdY tokH;jyKygvdrfhrnf/ ocif
bk&m;onf &efoluuREkfyfwkdYqDodkY ypfvTwfvkdufaomt&mrSeforQukd,lí
uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrd\txHokdYqGJaqmif&ef tokH;jyKygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ionf
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckqDxufykdí wefckd;BuD;
tpGrf;xufaeaMumif;ukd od&jcif;onftb,frQ 0rf;ajrmufzG,fjzpfyg
oenf;/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYawGUBuHK&orQaom tajctaetm;vkH;ukd
tokH;jyKí uREkfyfwkdYukdolESihfykdío@mefwlvmatmif zefwD;NyD;olESihf
uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd ykdíeufeJvmatmif jyKvkyfrnf[k
uwday;xm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumihf,aeYwGif uREkffyfwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü ocifbk&m;jyKvkyfaeaomt&mukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;
vkdufyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;wGif ocifa,½ItaMumif;ukd
rnfodkY xkwfazmfajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
&Sif,mukyf\pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsykH taMumif;oifrnfokdYoif,l&yg
oenf;/
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
12 13
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
'kp½kdufrSm usKd;yJhysufpD;oGm;í uREkfyfwkdYrSmvnf; oefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
aumif;aomrdbrsm;u rdrdwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukd &ifhusufjcif;qDokdY
pnf;urf;ESihfMuyfrwfxdef;ausmif;í avhusihfoGefoifay;MuouJhokdY uREkfyf
wkdYESihfocifbk&m;\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIrSmvnf; xkdtwkdif;yifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm bk&m;ocif
onfrdrd\&nf&G,fcsufukd NyD;jynfhpkHap&efESihf uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\tem;okdY
qGJaqmif&ef uREkfyfwdkY\toufwmrS emusifrIrsm;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
toD;oD;ukd tokH;jyKvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfpdwfcsaeEkdifygonf/ ykdí
BuHUckdifoefrmí ykdíaumif;rGefaomtapcHuRefrsm; jzpfvmzdkYbk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
jyifqifíykHoGif;wyfqifay;aeygonf/ ,cktcsdefwGifoifonf tcufcJ
Murf;wrf;aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd &ifqkdifaumif;&ifqkdifae&yg
vdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdolYtem;odkYqGJac:&ef xkdt&mukdtokH;jyK
ygvdrfhrnf[k owd&yg/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd,füu 0rf;ajrmufzG,f
raumif;yg/ odkYaomf oifhtxJü bk&m;ocifuazmfaqmifvmrnfh 0dnmOf
a&;&mBuD;xGm;rIwGif 0rf;ajrmufjcif;a&muf&Sdvmygonf/
þusrf;ykd'frS tjcm;tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'o aemufxyfwpfckukd
azmfjycGihfjyKyg/ ocifc&pfawmfü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzdkYqkdvQif tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfjcif; (okdY) onf;cHjcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaomt&mjzpfonf/
tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm cufcJMuyfwnf;aomumvrsm;wGif
opöm&Sd&SdwnfNrJaejcif;jzpfonf/ ta0;okdYajy;a&SmifroGm;jcif; (okdY) ajy;
aygufukdr&SmBuHjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemrsm;ESihfppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd ta0;okdYxGufoGm;&ef uREkfyfwkdYtBudrfrnfrQqkawmif;cJhMu
zl;ygoenf;/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf om,mMunfEl;zG,ft&mrsm;
r[kwfMuaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdYBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmjcif;twGuf
r&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd aMumuf&GHUaezkdY rvkdyg/
þtcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;onf ocifbk&m;xHrS tNrJa&mufrvm
wwfaomfvnf;? ocifbk&m;onf 4if;wkdYukduREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd rdrd\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd taumiftxnfaz:zkdY tokH;jyKygvdrfhrnf/ ocif
bk&m;onf &efoluuREkfyfwkdYqDodkY ypfvTwfvkdufaomt&mrSeforQukd,lí
uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrd\txHokdYqGJaqmif&ef tokH;jyKygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ionf
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckqDxufykdí wefckd;BuD;
tpGrf;xufaeaMumif;ukd od&jcif;onftb,frQ 0rf;ajrmufzG,fjzpfyg
oenf;/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYawGUBuHK&orQaom tajctaetm;vkH;ukd
tokH;jyKí uREkfyfwkdYukdolESihfykdío@mefwlvmatmif zefwD;NyD;olESihf
uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd ykdíeufeJvmatmif jyKvkyfrnf[k
uwday;xm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumihf,aeYwGif uREkffyfwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü ocifbk&m;jyKvkyfaeaomt&mukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;
vkdufyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;wGif ocifa,½ItaMumif;ukd
rnfodkY xkwfazmfajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
&Sif,mukyf\pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsykH taMumif;oifrnfokdYoif,l&yg
oenf;/
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
12 13
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
xkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf rnfonfhpdefac:csufukdaqmif,l
vmygoenf;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdcHpm;awGUBuHK&ef
rnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\txHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tm;vkH;ukdtokH;jyKEkdifygonf[laom
tcsufü rnfonfhESpfodrfhjcif;ukd oif&&SdcHpm;ygoenf;/
rnfonfhppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd oifBuHKawGUaecJh&ygoenf;/ xkd
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf oifhtm;ocifbk&m;ESihfykdíeD;uyf
vmatmifrnfokdY ac:aqmifoGm;cJhMuygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf &efoluoifhxHokdY ypfvTwfEkdifonfh ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;tm;vkH;xufomí BuD;jrwfawmfrlaomaMumihf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þusrf;csuf&Sd &Sif,mukyf\toufwmü vufawGUxkwfazmfjy
oxm;onfh ESdrhfcsrIrsKd;ukd ay;oem;&ef ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifonf ,ckwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckckukd awGUBuHKae&yg
ovm;/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd oifhtm;ay;
oem;&ef ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ xkdppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;xJü ocifbk&m;utaumiftxnfazmfaeonfht&mukd
awGUjrifEkdif&ef oihf&JUrsufpdrsm;ukd zGifhay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
22
22
2
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
,mukyf 1;5-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfol,k'nDtpfukdrsm;xHü qif;&Jjcif;'ku©\
wefzkd;taMumif;ukd a&;om;az:jyjcif;jzihf rdrd\pmapmifukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ trsKd;rsKd;aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd olwkdYBuHKawGUaomtcgü
xkdt&mrsm;ukd 0rf;ajrmufp&mtaMumif;rsm;tjzpf okH;oyfrSwf,lMu&ef
cGeftm;ay;cJhonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKíolwkdYukd0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufvmapNyD; txHyg;okdY
qGJaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaomaMumihfjzpfonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhzl;aomolwkdif;u þ
cufcJusyfwnf;cJhaom tajctaersm;wGif ÓPfynmukdvkdtyfaMumif;
od&Sdxm;Muonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tNrJwrf;awmht"dyÜg,fr&Sd
wwfyg/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeonfht&m
ukd uREkfyfwkdYtodaomtcsdefrsm;(okdY) bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd jyozkdY
BudK;pm;aeaomt&mukd rodEkdifaomtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ xkdppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;\ zdtm;rsm;jrifhwufvmonfESihftrQ tjypf'kp½kdufukd
usL;vGefí ykefuefjcif;rsm;ukdjyKvkyfzkdY pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcHMu&ygonf/
14
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
xkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf rnfonfhpdefac:csufukdaqmif,l
vmygoenf;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdcHpm;awGUBuHK&ef
rnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrd\txHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tm;vkH;ukdtokH;jyKEkdifygonf[laom
tcsufü rnfonfhESpfodrfhjcif;ukd oif&&SdcHpm;ygoenf;/
rnfonfhppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd oifBuHKawGUaecJh&ygoenf;/ xkd
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf oifhtm;ocifbk&m;ESihfykdíeD;uyf
vmatmifrnfokdY ac:aqmifoGm;cJhMuygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf &efoluoifhxHokdY ypfvTwfEkdifonfh ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;tm;vkH;xufomí BuD;jrwfawmfrlaomaMumihf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þusrf;csuf&Sd &Sif,mukyf\toufwmü vufawGUxkwfazmfjy
oxm;onfh ESdrhfcsrIrsKd;ukd ay;oem;&ef ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifonf ,ckwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckckukd awGUBuHKae&yg
ovm;/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd oifhtm;ay;
oem;&ef ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ xkdppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;xJü ocifbk&m;utaumiftxnfazmfaeonfht&mukd
awGUjrifEkdif&ef oihf&JUrsufpdrsm;ukd zGifhay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
22
22
2
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;
,mukyf 1;5-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfol,k'nDtpfukdrsm;xHü qif;&Jjcif;'ku©\
wefzkd;taMumif;ukd a&;om;az:jyjcif;jzihf rdrd\pmapmifukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ trsKd;rsKd;aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd olwkdYBuHKawGUaomtcgü
xkdt&mrsm;ukd 0rf;ajrmufp&mtaMumif;rsm;tjzpf okH;oyfrSwf,lMu&ef
cGeftm;ay;cJhonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKíolwkdYukd0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufvmapNyD; txHyg;okdY
qGJaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaomaMumihfjzpfonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhzl;aomolwkdif;u þ
cufcJusyfwnf;cJhaom tajctaersm;wGif ÓPfynmukdvkdtyfaMumif;
od&Sdxm;Muonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tNrJwrf;awmht"dyÜg,fr&Sd
wwfyg/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaeonfht&m
ukd uREkfyfwkdYtodaomtcsdefrsm;(okdY) bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd jyozkdY
BudK;pm;aeaomt&mukd rodEkdifaomtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ xkdppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;\ zdtm;rsm;jrifhwufvmonfESihftrQ tjypf'kp½kdufukd
usL;vGefí ykefuefjcif;rsm;ukdjyKvkyfzkdY pkHprf;aESmuf,SufcHMu&ygonf/
14
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfzkdY BudK;pm;aeonfht&mukd a0zefykwfcwfí qefYusif
wkdufckduf&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&mukd
odEkdifzkdYÓPfynmukd uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vlYem;vnfoabm
aygufjcif;u twkdif;twmwpfcktxdom uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;Ekdif
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom tajctaewpfckwGif bk&m;ay;aom
xkd;xGif;odjrifwwfrIrygbJ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufESihf pdwfESvkH;ukd od&Sd
Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
4if;wkdYü ynmcsKdUwJhaevQif bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufoihfaMumif;
jyefvnftoday;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdavhusihfoifMum;ay;&efESihf rGrf;rH
jyifqifay;&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&mü vdktyfaomÓPfynmukd ay;oem;zdkYbk&m;
ocifqE´&Sdaeygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü &SdaeaompkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rSm jyóemukdrdrdbmomajz&Sif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdokdY
jyKvkyfrnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifxHü tajrmiftjrifukdawmif;avQmufzkdY
&Sif,mukyfuajymjyaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tajctaetwGuf bk&m;ocif
\tajrmftjrifukdawmif;avQmufrnfqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\t,ltqrsm;ESihf
tpDtpOfrsm;ukd ab;csxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifawG;awm
BuHqrIonf bk&m;ocifxHrS rMum;Ekdifatmif Mum;0ifqD;wm;jcif;ukdom
jyKvkyfaeygvdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\taMumif;ESihf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyf
wkdYtm;ÓPfynmukd rnfodkYay;oem;awmfrlonfhtaMumif; ajymjyxm;
csufukdowdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocifonf ÓPfynmukd&ufa&mpGmay;oem;
ygonf/ ÓPfynmravmufrijzpfaeaomaMumihf cGJwrf;jzihfay;oem;
onfhykHpHrsKd; bk&m;ocifrjyKvkyfyg/ ÓPfynmtwGuf bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdY
vkdtyfonfh yrmPukdtukeftpifay;ygvdrfhrnf[k pdwfcsaeEkdifygonf/
olonfuREkfyfwkdYtay:ü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd &uf&ufa&ma&moGefcsyg vdrfh
rnf/
bk&m;ocifonf þÓPfynmukd vlwkdif;tm;ay;oem;awmf
rlaMumif;ukdvnf; owdjyKyg/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif txHawmfyg;okdY
a&mufvmaomolwkdif; þÓPfynmukdvufcH&&SdEkdifygonf[líjzpfonf/
oifonftvGefÓPfaumif;aomoljzpfcsifrSjzpfayrnf/ odkYaomfoihf&JU
b0vrf;c&D;ay:okdY a&mufvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdfifEkdifzkdY
oifvkdtyfaeaom ÓPfynmtm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocifuay;ygvdrfhrnf/
þavmuwGif oifh&JUykdifqkdifrIyg[k oifajymqkdEkdifonfht&m &SdcsifrS&Sday
rnf/ okdYaomf oifonfbk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdykdfifqkdifEkdifygonf/
oihfb0\tajctaersm;ukd oifuarmufurjyKvkyfrdvQifyif þÓPf
ynmukdtcrJhjzihf &uf&ufa&ma&moihfukday;xm;vsuf&Sdonf/ b0tajc
taersm;rnfokdYyif&Sdaeygap txHawmfokdY ½kd;om;pGma&mufvmí
awmif;avQmufaomolwkdif;twGuf þÓPfynmukday;oem;xm;onf/
aemufqkH;taejzihf tcef;i,f 5 wGifbk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
\trSm;ukdrMunfhbJ þÓPfynmtm;ay;oem;aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
þtcsufukd pOf;pm;okH;oyfaomtcg uREkfyfrSmaumif;BuD;cHpm;&ygonf/
uREkfyf\toufwmü uREkfyfonfESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tajrmftjrifr&Sdaexkdif
&SifoefcJhygonf/ uREkfyfoif,lcJhoifhonfh oifcef;pmajrmufjrm;pGm&SdcJhaomf
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;16 17
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfzkdY BudK;pm;aeonfht&mukd a0zefykwfcwfí qefYusif
wkdufckduf&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&mukd
odEkdifzkdYÓPfynmukd uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vlYem;vnfoabm
aygufjcif;u twkdif;twmwpfcktxdom uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;Ekdif
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom tajctaewpfckwGif bk&m;ay;aom
xkd;xGif;odjrifwwfrIrygbJ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufESihf pdwfESvkH;ukd od&Sd
Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
4if;wkdYü ynmcsKdUwJhaevQif bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufoihfaMumif;
jyefvnftoday;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdavhusihfoifMum;ay;&efESihf rGrf;rH
jyifqifay;&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&mü vdktyfaomÓPfynmukd ay;oem;zdkYbk&m;
ocifqE´&Sdaeygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü &SdaeaompkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rSm jyóemukdrdrdbmomajz&Sif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdokdY
jyKvkyfrnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifxHü tajrmiftjrifukdawmif;avQmufzkdY
&Sif,mukyfuajymjyaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tajctaetwGuf bk&m;ocif
\tajrmftjrifukdawmif;avQmufrnfqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\t,ltqrsm;ESihf
tpDtpOfrsm;ukd ab;csxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifawG;awm
BuHqrIonf bk&m;ocifxHrS rMum;Ekdifatmif Mum;0ifqD;wm;jcif;ukdom
jyKvkyfaeygvdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\taMumif;ESihf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyf
wkdYtm;ÓPfynmukd rnfodkYay;oem;awmfrlonfhtaMumif; ajymjyxm;
csufukdowdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocifonf ÓPfynmukd&ufa&mpGmay;oem;
ygonf/ ÓPfynmravmufrijzpfaeaomaMumihf cGJwrf;jzihfay;oem;
onfhykHpHrsKd; bk&m;ocifrjyKvkyfyg/ ÓPfynmtwGuf bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdY
vkdtyfonfh yrmPukdtukeftpifay;ygvdrfhrnf[k pdwfcsaeEkdifygonf/
olonfuREkfyfwkdYtay:ü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd &uf&ufa&ma&moGefcsyg vdrfh
rnf/
bk&m;ocifonf þÓPfynmukd vlwkdif;tm;ay;oem;awmf
rlaMumif;ukdvnf; owdjyKyg/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif txHawmfyg;okdY
a&mufvmaomolwkdif; þÓPfynmukdvufcH&&SdEkdifygonf[líjzpfonf/
oifonftvGefÓPfaumif;aomoljzpfcsifrSjzpfayrnf/ odkYaomfoihf&JU
b0vrf;c&D;ay:okdY a&mufvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdfifEkdifzkdY
oifvkdtyfaeaom ÓPfynmtm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocifuay;ygvdrfhrnf/
þavmuwGif oifh&JUykdifqkdifrIyg[k oifajymqkdEkdifonfht&m &SdcsifrS&Sday
rnf/ okdYaomf oifonfbk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdykdfifqkdifEkdifygonf/
oihfb0\tajctaersm;ukd oifuarmufurjyKvkyfrdvQifyif þÓPf
ynmukdtcrJhjzihf &uf&ufa&ma&moihfukday;xm;vsuf&Sdonf/ b0tajc
taersm;rnfokdYyif&Sdaeygap txHawmfokdY ½kd;om;pGma&mufvmí
awmif;avQmufaomolwkdif;twGuf þÓPfynmukday;oem;xm;onf/
aemufqkH;taejzihf tcef;i,f 5 wGifbk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
\trSm;ukdrMunfhbJ þÓPfynmtm;ay;oem;aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
þtcsufukd pOf;pm;okH;oyfaomtcg uREkfyfrSmaumif;BuD;cHpm;&ygonf/
uREkfyf\toufwmü uREkfyfonfESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tajrmftjrifr&Sdaexkdif
&SifoefcJhygonf/ uREkfyfoif,lcJhoifhonfh oifcef;pmajrmufjrm;pGm&SdcJhaomf
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;16 17
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vnf; roif,lcJhyg/ uREkfyf&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeonfh tcuftcJtusyf
twnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdfifzkdY bk&m;ocifxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfíbk&m;ocif
\ÓPfynmukd &SmBuHaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\trSm;rsm;ukd
rMunfhbJ xkdÓPfynmukd uREkfyftm;ay;oem;ygonf/ wenf;tm;jzihf
qkd&vQif? twdwfüxkdÓPfynmukd uREkfyfrnfokdYwvGJtokH;cscJhrItwGuf
uREkfyfukd tjypfrwifyg/ tcuftcJukd &ifqkdifzkdY uREkfyfÓPfynmr&SdrI
tay:wGif uREkfyfukdtjypfrzkdYcJhyg/ uREkfyftm; oGefoifay;aecJhonfht&m
ukd odjrifEkdif&ef ÓPfynmESihftajrmftjrifukday;zkdY jiif;y,faecsdefwGif
uREkfyftm; oifcef;pmwpfckukd oGefoifay;zdkY ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd
tokH;jyKaejcif;onf rnfokdYtusKd;&Sdrnfenf;/ ÓPfynmtwGuf bk&m;
ocifxHokdY oifa&mufvmaomtcgolonf oifh&JUtwdwfrS ½IH;edrfhrIrsm;
(okdY) oihf&JUtm;enf;csufrsm;ukd *½krpkdufbJ xkdÓPfynmukdoihftm;ay;
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü a&muf&SdvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdY vdktyfaomÓPfynmrsm;tm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
ay;&ef bk&m;ocif0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfaeygonf/ trSm;ukdrMunfhbJ
awmif;orQaomolwkdif;ukd &uf&ufa&ma&may;urf;ygvdrfhrnf/ xkdokdY
tm;jzihf olwkdYonf oif,lp&mrsm;ukd oif,líbk&m;ocifjzpfapvkdaom
olrsm;jzpfvmMurnfjzpfonf/
þb0rStcuftcJrsm;tm;vkH;ukd &ifqkdifEkdif&efbk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYtay:ü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd oGef;avmif;&Gmcs&efauseyf0rf;om
aeaomfvnf; xkdÓPfynmukd vufcH&&SdzkdYtajctaewpfck&Sdaeygonf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifxHü ÓPfynmukdawmif;
avQmufaomtcg oHo,pdwfr&SdbJ ,kHMunfxm;&rnf[kajymjyxm;
onf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif uREkfyfwkdY&SmBuHaeaom ÓPfynmukd
bk&m;ocif trSefwu,fay;ygrnf[k pdwfcs,kHMunfrIESihf awmif;avQmuf
&rnf/ uwdawmfrSm &Sif;vif;vSygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ÓPfynmcsKdUwJhae
vQif bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufoihfNyD;? bk&m;ocifuvnf; uREkfyf
wkdYukday;ygvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ÓPfynmukday;oem;ygrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\&Sif;vif;
vSonfhuwdawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYr,kHMunfEkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom ÓPfynmukd uREkfyf
wkdYrnfokdY,kHMunfpdwfcsEkdifrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf uwdwnfygvdrfh
rnf[k oifr,kHMunfEkdfifvQif bk&m;ocifuay;oem;aom ÓPfynmukd
rnfokdY pdwfcs,kHMunfEkdifrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdvufcH&&SdEkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdYonf
xkdÓPfynmukdemcHí ,kHMunfukd;pm;&ef pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd zGihfxm;&rnf/
þÓPfynmonf uREkfyfwkdYxHokdY enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfa&mufvmygonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf EIwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;ukd
eufeufeJeJem;vnfEkdifpGrf;ukd ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif wpfpkH
wpfa,mufukdapvTwfí uREkfyfwkdYxHü xkdÓPfynmukda0iSapygvdrfhrnf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif rdrd0dnmOfawmf\twGif;usaom vIyf&Sm;jcif;tm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;üt,ltqrsm;ukd odomxif&Sm;apjcif;jzihf ÓPf
ynmukday;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYpdwfcs
,kHMunf&rnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifu qufoG,fajymMum;aeaom or®m
w&m;ukd uREkfyfvufcH&,lygrnfvm;/ ÓPfynm\&efolrSm oHo,pdwf
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpum;ajymí vrf;jyaeygaomf
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;18 19
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vnf; roif,lcJhyg/ uREkfyf&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeonfh tcuftcJtusyf
twnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdfifzkdY bk&m;ocifxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfíbk&m;ocif
\ÓPfynmukd &SmBuHaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\trSm;rsm;ukd
rMunfhbJ xkdÓPfynmukd uREkfyftm;ay;oem;ygonf/ wenf;tm;jzihf
qkd&vQif? twdwfüxkdÓPfynmukd uREkfyfrnfokdYwvGJtokH;cscJhrItwGuf
uREkfyfukd tjypfrwifyg/ tcuftcJukd &ifqkdifzkdY uREkfyfÓPfynmr&SdrI
tay:wGif uREkfyfukdtjypfrzkdYcJhyg/ uREkfyftm; oGefoifay;aecJhonfht&m
ukd odjrifEkdif&ef ÓPfynmESihftajrmftjrifukday;zkdY jiif;y,faecsdefwGif
uREkfyftm; oifcef;pmwpfckukd oGefoifay;zdkY ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd
tokH;jyKaejcif;onf rnfokdYtusKd;&Sdrnfenf;/ ÓPfynmtwGuf bk&m;
ocifxHokdY oifa&mufvmaomtcgolonf oifh&JUtwdwfrS ½IH;edrfhrIrsm;
(okdY) oihf&JUtm;enf;csufrsm;ukd *½krpkdufbJ xkdÓPfynmukdoihftm;ay;
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü a&muf&SdvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdY vdktyfaomÓPfynmrsm;tm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
ay;&ef bk&m;ocif0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfaeygonf/ trSm;ukdrMunfhbJ
awmif;orQaomolwkdif;ukd &uf&ufa&ma&may;urf;ygvdrfhrnf/ xkdokdY
tm;jzihf olwkdYonf oif,lp&mrsm;ukd oif,líbk&m;ocifjzpfapvkdaom
olrsm;jzpfvmMurnfjzpfonf/
þb0rStcuftcJrsm;tm;vkH;ukd &ifqkdifEkdif&efbk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYtay:ü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd oGef;avmif;&Gmcs&efauseyf0rf;om
aeaomfvnf; xkdÓPfynmukd vufcH&&SdzkdYtajctaewpfck&Sdaeygonf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifxHü ÓPfynmukdawmif;
avQmufaomtcg oHo,pdwfr&SdbJ ,kHMunfxm;&rnf[kajymjyxm;
onf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif uREkfyfwkdY&SmBuHaeaom ÓPfynmukd
bk&m;ocif trSefwu,fay;ygrnf[k pdwfcs,kHMunfrIESihf awmif;avQmuf
&rnf/ uwdawmfrSm &Sif;vif;vSygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ÓPfynmcsKdUwJhae
vQif bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufoihfNyD;? bk&m;ocifuvnf; uREkfyf
wkdYukday;ygvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ÓPfynmukday;oem;ygrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\&Sif;vif;
vSonfhuwdawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYr,kHMunfEkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom ÓPfynmukd uREkfyf
wkdYrnfokdY,kHMunfpdwfcsEkdifrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf uwdwnfygvdrfh
rnf[k oifr,kHMunfEkdfifvQif bk&m;ocifuay;oem;aom ÓPfynmukd
rnfokdY pdwfcs,kHMunfEkdifrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdvufcH&&SdEkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdYonf
xkdÓPfynmukdemcHí ,kHMunfukd;pm;&ef pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd zGihfxm;&rnf/
þÓPfynmonf uREkfyfwkdYxHokdY enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfa&mufvmygonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf EIwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;ukd
eufeufeJeJem;vnfEkdifpGrf;ukd ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif wpfpkH
wpfa,mufukdapvTwfí uREkfyfwkdYxHü xkdÓPfynmukda0iSapygvdrfhrnf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif rdrd0dnmOfawmf\twGif;usaom vIyf&Sm;jcif;tm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;üt,ltqrsm;ukd odomxif&Sm;apjcif;jzihf ÓPf
ynmukday;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYpdwfcs
,kHMunf&rnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifu qufoG,fajymMum;aeaom or®m
w&m;ukd uREkfyfvufcH&,lygrnfvm;/ ÓPfynm\&efolrSm oHo,pdwf
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpum;ajymí vrf;jyaeygaomf
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;18 19
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vnf; uREkfyfwkdYrSm wGefYqkwfaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&m
ukdoHo,0ifzkdY uREkfyfwkdY\ vlYÓPfukdMum;0ifcGihfjyKMuygonf/ þonfrSm
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü &efolu{0xHwGif bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd
ar;cGef;xkwfaomtcsdefu jzpfysufcJhonfht&myifjzpfonf/ {0onf
&efolYpum;ukd em;axmifcJhygonf/ &vm'frSm tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaMumufruf
zG,ftajctaersm;yifjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmtay:ü oHo,yGm;ae
aomolrsm;ukd avjyif;wkdufcwf&mqDokdY vl;vdrfhvkdufygoGm;Muaom
yifv,fvIdif;rsm;ESihf EIdif;,SOfxm;onf/ þvIdif;vkH;rsm;wGif wnfNidrfrI
r&Sdyg/ wzufrStjcm;wpfzufokdY vl;vSdrfhaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf
awmfESihf EIwfuywfawmfwkdYu xkwfazmfjyoay;aom bk&m;ocif\
ÓPfynmukd oHo,0ifaomolrsm;onf vlYÓPfESihfpdwfcHpm;csufrsm;\
vTrf;rkd;rIukdcH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf tawG;wpfckrSwpfck (okdY)
ajz&Sif;csufwpfckrS tjcm;wpfckqDokdY ajymif;vJa&GUvsm;Muonf/ okdYwnf;
r[kwf olwkdYonf oHo,pdwfESihf csDwkHcswkHjzpfjcif;ü taMumaoaumif;
aooGm;Muvdrfhrnf/
ÓPfynmukd vkdvkdvm;vm;jzihf vufcH&,líemcH&eftoifh&Sd
aeaomolrsm;xHü bk&m;ocifonf xkdÓPfynmukday;oem;ygonf/
olYukdr,kHMunf? rukd;pm;aomolrsm;ukd ray;yg/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaom
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufawGUvkyfaqmifEkdifavmufatmif ukd;pm;&efqE´r&Sd
aomolrsm;xHü ÓPfynmukdray;yg/
&Sif,mukyfu qufvufí ]]pdwfESpfcG}} jzpfaeaomolrsm;t
aMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/ &Sif,mukyf\ ajymqkdxm;csuft& þt&m
onf bk&m;ocifrkef;wD;&GHU&Smaomt&m jzpfonf/ pdwfESpfcG&Sdaomolqkd
onfrSm bk&m;ocifxHü ÓPfynmukday;oem;zkdY qkawmif;aomfvnf;
xkdÓPfynmukd emcHvkdufavQmuf&ef qE´r&Sdaomoljzpfonf/ þuJhodkY
aomyk*¾dKvfonf bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd ykdifqkdifcsifaomfvnf;
vlYtodÓPfukd rpGefYvTwfvkdaomoljzpfonf/ pdwfESpfcGESihfvlonf ÓPf
ynm? bk&m;ocif? vlYtodÓPfwkdYMum;wGif ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;ae&onf/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdMum;odaomfvnf;? vlYtodÓPf\
ac:oHudkomemcHí tjynfht0,kHMunfukd;pm;Muonf/
b0\tqD;twm;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdfif&ef ÓPfynmtwGufrdrd
ukd[pfac:aomolukd bk&m;ocif&SmBuHaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
þÓPfynmukdom &SmBuHonfr[kwf? emcHjcif;üavQmufvSrf;onftxd
rdrdajymjyaomt&mukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;aomolukd &SmBuHaeygonf/ xkduJhokdY
aomolrsm;xHü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd ay;oem;&onfudkbk&m;ocifMunfEl;
0rf;omygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd
&Sdxm;&efrnfrQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ vlYtodÓPfonf tb,fh
aMumihf rvkHavmufygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwkdYtm; ÓPfynmukdrnfokdYay;oem;
onfhtaMumif; uREkffyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifxH
rS ÓPfynmukd vufcH&&Sd&eftwGuf tajctaeowfrSwfcsuf
rSm tb,fenf;/
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;20 21
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vnf; uREkfyfwkdYrSm wGefYqkwfaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaomt&m
ukdoHo,0ifzkdY uREkfyfwkdY\ vlYÓPfukdMum;0ifcGihfjyKMuygonf/ þonfrSm
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü &efolu{0xHwGif bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd
ar;cGef;xkwfaomtcsdefu jzpfysufcJhonfht&myifjzpfonf/ {0onf
&efolYpum;ukd em;axmifcJhygonf/ &vm'frSm tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaMumufruf
zG,ftajctaersm;yifjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmtay:ü oHo,yGm;ae
aomolrsm;ukd avjyif;wkdufcwf&mqDokdY vl;vdrfhvkdufygoGm;Muaom
yifv,fvIdif;rsm;ESihf EIdif;,SOfxm;onf/ þvIdif;vkH;rsm;wGif wnfNidrfrI
r&Sdyg/ wzufrStjcm;wpfzufokdY vl;vSdrfhaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf
awmfESihf EIwfuywfawmfwkdYu xkwfazmfjyoay;aom bk&m;ocif\
ÓPfynmukd oHo,0ifaomolrsm;onf vlYÓPfESihfpdwfcHpm;csufrsm;\
vTrf;rkd;rIukdcH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf tawG;wpfckrSwpfck (okdY)
ajz&Sif;csufwpfckrS tjcm;wpfckqDokdY ajymif;vJa&GUvsm;Muonf/ okdYwnf;
r[kwf olwkdYonf oHo,pdwfESihf csDwkHcswkHjzpfjcif;ü taMumaoaumif;
aooGm;Muvdrfhrnf/
ÓPfynmukd vkdvkdvm;vm;jzihf vufcH&,líemcH&eftoifh&Sd
aeaomolrsm;xHü bk&m;ocifonf xkdÓPfynmukday;oem;ygonf/
olYukdr,kHMunf? rukd;pm;aomolrsm;ukd ray;yg/ bk&m;ocifajymjyaeaom
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufawGUvkyfaqmifEkdifavmufatmif ukd;pm;&efqE´r&Sd
aomolrsm;xHü ÓPfynmukdray;yg/
&Sif,mukyfu qufvufí ]]pdwfESpfcG}} jzpfaeaomolrsm;t
aMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/ &Sif,mukyf\ ajymqkdxm;csuft& þt&m
onf bk&m;ocifrkef;wD;&GHU&Smaomt&m jzpfonf/ pdwfESpfcG&Sdaomolqkd
onfrSm bk&m;ocifxHü ÓPfynmukday;oem;zkdY qkawmif;aomfvnf;
xkdÓPfynmukd emcHvkdufavQmuf&ef qE´r&Sdaomoljzpfonf/ þuJhodkY
aomyk*¾dKvfonf bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd ykdifqkdifcsifaomfvnf;
vlYtodÓPfukd rpGefYvTwfvkdaomoljzpfonf/ pdwfESpfcGESihfvlonf ÓPf
ynm? bk&m;ocif? vlYtodÓPfwkdYMum;wGif ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;ae&onf/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukdMum;odaomfvnf;? vlYtodÓPf\
ac:oHudkomemcHí tjynfht0,kHMunfukd;pm;Muonf/
b0\tqD;twm;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdfif&ef ÓPfynmtwGufrdrd
ukd[pfac:aomolukd bk&m;ocif&SmBuHaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
þÓPfynmukdom &SmBuHonfr[kwf? emcHjcif;üavQmufvSrf;onftxd
rdrdajymjyaomt&mukd ,kHMunfukd;pm;aomolukd &SmBuHaeygonf/ xkduJhokdY
aomolrsm;xHü rdrd\ÓPfynmukd ay;oem;&onfudkbk&m;ocifMunfEl;
0rf;omygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd
&Sdxm;&efrnfrQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ vlYtodÓPfonf tb,fh
aMumihf rvkHavmufygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwkdYtm; ÓPfynmukdrnfokdYay;oem;
onfhtaMumif; uREkffyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifxH
rS ÓPfynmukd vufcH&&Sd&eftwGuf tajctaeowfrSwfcsuf
rSm tb,fenf;/
ÓPfynmtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;20 21
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oHo,pdwfonf ÓPfynm\ &efolrnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/ bk&m;
ocif\ÓPfynmukd oifar;cGef;xkwfzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukd ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ef tb,fhaMumifh
ta&;BuD;oenf;/ ,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;r&SdbJ ÓPfynmukd uREkfyf
wkdYykdifqkdifEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\b0c&D;vrf;ü a&muf&SdvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
ukd&ifqkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaom ÓPfynmukday;&ef vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeaomaMumifh ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifh&JUpdwfESvkH;rS oHo,pdwfrsm;ukdz,f&Sm;ay;í bk&m;ocifESihf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufukdt<uif;rJh ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIESihf
tpm;xkd;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ukd ab;z,fxm;&ef pGrf;aqmifEkdfifzkdY
ulnDay;&efESihf t&mcyfodrf;üolYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdif&ef pGrf;
aqmifay;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
33
33
3
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
,mukyf 1;9-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü bk&m;ocifuay;tyfxm;onfh tajctaersm;ukd wif;wdrfa&mifh&J
rIr&Sdjcif;\ &vm'frsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ rdrd&&Sdydkifqdkifxm;onfxuf ykdí
&,lykdifqkdifvkdaomolrsm;ESihf vuf0,f&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mukd
wif;wdrfíwefzkd;xm;&ef ysufuGufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
þtaMumif;t&mukd rdrda&;om;aom pmapmif\aemufwpfykdif;wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u ]]atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom
nDtpfukd}} xHü ajymjyxm;cJhonf/ þnDtpfukdonf þb0wGifpnf;pdrf
Opömrsm;rsm;pm;pm;ukd rykdifqkdifcJhyg/ olonfrdrd\rdom;pkukd axmufyHh
auR;arG;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdaumif; &Sdaevdrfhrnf/ olonfuRefwpfa,muf
(okdY) vkyftm;cenf;enf;om&aomtvkyfukd vkyfukdifaeoljzpfaumif;
jzpfrnf/ usef;rma&;aMumifh tvkyfrvkyfEkdifaomoljzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/
&Sif,mukyfa&;om;cJhaom ywf0ef;usiftajctaewGif ajrmufjrm;pGmaom
,k'vlrsKd;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\ ,kHMunfrIaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf
22
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oHo,pdwfonf ÓPfynm\ &efolrnfokdYjzpfEkdifoenf;/ bk&m;
ocif\ÓPfynmukd oifar;cGef;xkwfzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ ÓPfynmukd ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ef tb,fhaMumifh
ta&;BuD;oenf;/ ,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;r&SdbJ ÓPfynmukd uREkfyf
wkdYykdifqkdifEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\b0c&D;vrf;ü a&muf&SdvmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
ukd&ifqkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaom ÓPfynmukday;&ef vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeaomaMumifh ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifh&JUpdwfESvkH;rS oHo,pdwfrsm;ukdz,f&Sm;ay;í bk&m;ocifESihf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufukdt<uif;rJh ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIESihf
tpm;xkd;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ukd ab;z,fxm;&ef pGrf;aqmifEkdfifzkdY
ulnDay;&efESihf t&mcyfodrf;üolYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdif&ef pGrf;
aqmifay;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
33
33
3
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;
,mukyf 1;9-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmü bk&m;ocifuay;tyfxm;onfh tajctaersm;ukd wif;wdrfa&mifh&J
rIr&Sdjcif;\ &vm'frsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ rdrd&&Sdydkifqdkifxm;onfxuf ykdí
&,lykdifqkdifvkdaomolrsm;ESihf vuf0,f&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mukd
wif;wdrfíwefzkd;xm;&ef ysufuGufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
þtaMumif;t&mukd rdrda&;om;aom pmapmif\aemufwpfykdif;wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u ]]atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom
nDtpfukd}} xHü ajymjyxm;cJhonf/ þnDtpfukdonf þb0wGifpnf;pdrf
Opömrsm;rsm;pm;pm;ukd rykdifqkdifcJhyg/ olonfrdrd\rdom;pkukd axmufyHh
auR;arG;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdaumif; &Sdaevdrfhrnf/ olonfuRefwpfa,muf
(okdY) vkyftm;cenf;enf;om&aomtvkyfukd vkyfukdifaeoljzpfaumif;
jzpfrnf/ usef;rma&;aMumifh tvkyfrvkyfEkdifaomoljzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/
&Sif,mukyfa&;om;cJhaom ywf0ef;usiftajctaewGif ajrmufjrm;pGmaom
,k'vlrsKd;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\ ,kHMunfrIaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf
22
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
t&SufcGJjcif;ukd cHaeMu&onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd atmufvsKdESdrfhcsaom
tajctaeü aexkdif&atmif zefwD;aomtaMumif;t&if;rsm;pGm &SdaecJh
ygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þnDtpfukdtm; 4if;\jrihfjrwfaom (csD;ajrmuf
jcif;) t½kduft&mü *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufoihfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/ þae&m
wGif &Sif,mukyfu ]]nDtpfukd}} wpfa,muftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeaMumif;
ukd owdjyKyg/ þyk*¾dKvfonf c&pf,mefwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; xifrSwf,lq
&onf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom b0tajctaerS nDtpfukdwpfa,muf
onf rdrd\jrihfjrwfaom &yfwnfrIürnfokdY *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufEkdfifcJhrnf
enf;/ þjrihfjrwfaom &yfwnfrIonf þavmu\tjrifwGif r[kwf
aMumif;rSm xif&Sm;onf/ þavmuüolESihf xkdufwefonfh txifBuD;
av;pm;rIESihf *kPfjyKxkdufonfht&m &SdcsifrS&Sdaevdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolonf
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wpfa,muf taejzihfjrifhjrwfaom &yfwnfrIwpfck
ukd&,lxm;ygonf/ þtcsufukd tcsdeftenf;i,f,lí pOf;pm;okH;oyf
MunfhMuygpkdY/
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aomt&mukdom ykdifqkdifxm;Muaomfvnf; aumif;uifbkHwGifolwkdY
twGuf pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd odkxm;vQuf&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf xdef;odrf;
apmifha&SmufzkdY rwwfEkdifonfh ,kd,Gif;ysufpD;aeaomomreftdrfwpfvkH;ukd
ykdifqkdifaumif;ykdfifqkdifMurnf/ okdYaomfaumif;uifbkHwGifrl b,faomtcg
wGifrQ jyefvnfjyifqifrGrf;rHzdkY rvkdtyfonfhpHtdrfukd olwkdYtwGufjyifqif
NyD;om;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fcE¨mü zsm;emjcif;ESihfa&m*gb,rsm;ukd
cHpm;aumif;cHpm;aeMuvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolwkdY\ aumif;uifbkHrStzu
rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY zdwfac:aecJhygonf/ xkdt&yfwGifaemufxyf zsm;em
jcif;ESihf ukdufcJjcif;rsm;&Sdawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf þb0wGifty,f
cHtjzpfESihf rw&m;ESdyfpufn§if;yef;jcif;ukd cHpm;aumif;cHpm;Muayrnf/
okdYaomf olwkdYukdu,fwifawmfrlaom u,fwif&Sif\rsufarSmufawmfwGif
jynfhpkHaomBudKqkdvufcHjcif;ESihf cspfjcif;ukdodjrifcHpm;Muygvdrhfrnf/ þb0
onfolwkdYtwGuf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;p&mrsm;ESihf jynfhaumif;jynfhaeygvdrfh
rnf/ okdYfaomfwkdawmif;vSaomtcsdefumvwpfckwGif olwkdYonfaumif;
uifNrdKUawmf0if&m wHcg;ukdjzwfausmf0ifa&mufoGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ xkdt&yf
wGif aemufwpfzefrsuf&nfuszkdY rvkdawmhyg/ &Sif,mukyfu xkduJhokdYaom
,kHMunfolrsm;tm; 4if;wdkYtb,frQtrSefwu,f <u,f0aMumif;ukd
jyefvnfowd&&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;
tm;þavmu&Sd tcsrf;omqkH;yk*¾dKvfukdyif tHhMorSifoufoGm;aprnfh
aumif;uifbkH&Sd pnf;pdrftarGukd ay;oem;cJhonf/
þcsD;ajrmufjcif;t&monf tem*wfukdom &nfñTef;onf
r[kwf þt&monf,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;u ,ckvuf&Sd&&Sdykdifqkdifaom
t&mvnf;jzpfonf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom tajctaeü&Sdaeaom nDtpf
ukdonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ ol&JUcrnf;awmf
onfzefqif;&Sifjzpfí t&mcyfodrf;\t&Sifocifjzpfonf/ olonfrdrd\
toufwmü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdodonf/
olonf t&SifwumwkdY\t&Sifukd ukd,fpm;jyKzkdY qifhac:jcif;ukd cHxm;&
onf/ olonfþtEÅewefckd;awmf&Sifbk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfü &Sifoef
onf/ olonf&efolukd acgif;armhvQuf&ifqdkifEkdifzdkY bk&m;ocif\
jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;ESihf tpGrf;tpay;jcif;ukd cHxm;onf/ olonfbk&m;ocif
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;24 25
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
t&SufcGJjcif;ukd cHaeMu&onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd atmufvsKdESdrfhcsaom
tajctaeü aexkdif&atmif zefwD;aomtaMumif;t&if;rsm;pGm &SdaecJh
ygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þnDtpfukdtm; 4if;\jrihfjrwfaom (csD;ajrmuf
jcif;) t½kduft&mü *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufoihfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/ þae&m
wGif &Sif,mukyfu ]]nDtpfukd}} wpfa,muftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaeaMumif;
ukd owdjyKyg/ þyk*¾dKvfonf c&pf,mefwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; xifrSwf,lq
&onf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom b0tajctaerS nDtpfukdwpfa,muf
onf rdrd\jrihfjrwfaom &yfwnfrIürnfokdY *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufEkdfifcJhrnf
enf;/ þjrihfjrwfaom &yfwnfrIonf þavmu\tjrifwGif r[kwf
aMumif;rSm xif&Sm;onf/ þavmuüolESihf xkdufwefonfh txifBuD;
av;pm;rIESihf *kPfjyKxkdufonfht&m &SdcsifrS&Sdaevdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolonf
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wpfa,muf taejzihfjrifhjrwfaom &yfwnfrIwpfck
ukd&,lxm;ygonf/ þtcsufukd tcsdeftenf;i,f,lí pOf;pm;okH;oyf
MunfhMuygpkdY/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom ,kHMunfolwkdYonf þavmuütenf;i,f
aomt&mukdom ykdifqkdifxm;Muaomfvnf; aumif;uifbkHwGifolwkdY
twGuf pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd odkxm;vQuf&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf xdef;odrf;
apmifha&SmufzkdY rwwfEkdifonfh ,kd,Gif;ysufpD;aeaomomreftdrfwpfvkH;ukd
ykdifqkdifaumif;ykdfifqkdifMurnf/ okdYaomfaumif;uifbkHwGifrl b,faomtcg
wGifrQ jyefvnfjyifqifrGrf;rHzdkY rvkdtyfonfhpHtdrfukd olwkdYtwGufjyifqif
NyD;om;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf ukd,fcE¨mü zsm;emjcif;ESihfa&m*gb,rsm;ukd
cHpm;aumif;cHpm;aeMuvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolwkdY\ aumif;uifbkHrStzu
rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY zdwfac:aecJhygonf/ xkdt&yfwGifaemufxyf zsm;em
jcif;ESihf ukdufcJjcif;rsm;&Sdawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf þb0wGifty,f
cHtjzpfESihf rw&m;ESdyfpufn§if;yef;jcif;ukd cHpm;aumif;cHpm;Muayrnf/
okdYaomf olwkdYukdu,fwifawmfrlaom u,fwif&Sif\rsufarSmufawmfwGif
jynfhpkHaomBudKqkdvufcHjcif;ESihf cspfjcif;ukdodjrifcHpm;Muygvdrhfrnf/ þb0
onfolwkdYtwGuf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;p&mrsm;ESihf jynfhaumif;jynfhaeygvdrfh
rnf/ okdYfaomfwkdawmif;vSaomtcsdefumvwpfckwGif olwkdYonfaumif;
uifNrdKUawmf0if&m wHcg;ukdjzwfausmf0ifa&mufoGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ xkdt&yf
wGif aemufwpfzefrsuf&nfuszkdY rvkdawmhyg/ &Sif,mukyfu xkduJhokdYaom
,kHMunfolrsm;tm; 4if;wdkYtb,frQtrSefwu,f <u,f0aMumif;ukd
jyefvnfowd&&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;
tm;þavmu&Sd tcsrf;omqkH;yk*¾dKvfukdyif tHhMorSifoufoGm;aprnfh
aumif;uifbkH&Sd pnf;pdrftarGukd ay;oem;cJhonf/
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r[kwf þt&monf,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH;u ,ckvuf&Sd&&Sdykdifqkdifaom
t&mvnf;jzpfonf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom tajctaeü&Sdaeaom nDtpf
ukdonf bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ ol&JUcrnf;awmf
onfzefqif;&Sifjzpfí t&mcyfodrf;\t&Sifocifjzpfonf/ olonfrdrd\
toufwmü bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdodonf/
olonf t&SifwumwkdY\t&Sifukd ukd,fpm;jyKzkdY qifhac:jcif;ukd cHxm;&
onf/ olonfþtEÅewefckd;awmf&Sifbk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfü &Sifoef
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jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;ESihf tpGrf;tpay;jcif;ukd cHxm;onf/ olonfbk&m;ocif
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;24 25
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ukdMum;emEkdifzkdY em;ukdykdifqkdifxm;NyD; or®mw&m;ukdawGUjrifEkdifzkdY rsufpdukd
&&Sdxm;onf/ ol&JUpdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ jyefvnf
topfjyKjyifjcif;ukd cH&onf/ þyk*¾dKvf\toufwmü 0dnmOfawmfonf
rdrd\toD;tyGihfrsm;ukd oD;yGihfaeaponf/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ESihf
tjcm;ajrmufjrm;pGmaom t&mrsm;onf ,ckvuf&SdwGifolykdifqkdifaom
t&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ½kyf0wåKypönf;tm;jzihf qif;&JcsKdUwJh
aeaomnDtpfukdtm; c&pfawmfü&Sdaeaom4if;\ crf;em;BuD;us,faom
csrf;om<u,f0jcif;ukd tm½kHpl;pkdufaezdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
þt&mrsm;ukd ajymqkdNyD;aemufwGif þor®mw&m;\aemufxyf
vufawGU&,lusifhokH;&rnfhtcsufwpfcsuf uREkfyfwkdYavhvmzdkYvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ teD;w0kdufrSvlrsm;ukd þavmuüolwdkYykdifqkdifaomt&mrsm;
tay:ütajccHí tBudrfrnfrQpD&if tuJjzwfcJhMuoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tvGefa[mif;EGrf;qkwfNyJaeaom t0wftpm;ukd 0wfxm;aomolukd
awGUíxkdolYukd tem;rStjcm;olwpfOD;xufykdí edrfhusaomol[k tuJjzwf
aumif;jzwfcJhMuayrnf/ þt&monf xkdyk*¾dKvfukdtjcm;olrsm;ESifhrwl
aomqufqHjcif;rsKd;jzihf qufqHaumif;qufqHaprnf/ okdYaomftusÐqkwf
ukd 0wfqifxm;aom xkdyk*¾dKvftm;bk&m;ocif½IjrifonfhykHpHu xkdokdY
r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf twGif;pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfhonf/ tjyifyef;
o@mefrsm;ukd rMunfhyg (1&m 16;7)/ t0wftpm;aumif;rsm;ESihfol\
bPfpm &if;pmtkyfrS aiGyrmPonf bk&m;ociftwGufbmrQr[kwfyg/
þ ]]qif;&JEGrf;yg;}} olonf 4if;ESihfbk&m;ocif\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIaMumifh
uREkfyfwkdY xifxm;onfxufykdí csrf;omaumif;csrf;omayvdrfhrnf/
oifonftoufwmü atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaomae&mü &Sdaeaom
nDtpfukdwpfa,mufjzpfvQif? oihf&JUrsufvkH;rsm;ukdzGihfí þavmu\
½kyf0wåKypönf;rsm;\ wpfzuftvGefqDokdY arQmfMunfhvdkufyg/ ocifa,½Iü
oif ykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd Munfhyg/ ocifa,½Iü&Sdaeaom oifh&JU
&yfwnfrItajctaeukd Munfhyg/ olY&JUuwdawmfrsm;ukdMunfhyg/ oifonf
bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfOD;jzpfaMumif;ukdowd&í xkdt&mü
aumif;BuD;cHí cGeftm;,lyg (aumavmoJ 3;1-4 ukdMunfhyg)/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\tav;xm;a&;om;csuf
ukd atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaomnDtpfukdxHrS aiG&wwfaomnDtpfukdxHokdY
ajymif;vkdufonf/ þt&mukd &Sif;jyzkdYrvkdtyfyg/ þnDtpfukdonf rdrd
vkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd þb0wGifykdifqkdifxm;onf/ olonfrdom;pk
udkjynfhjynfh00axmufyHhauR;arG;EdkifNyD;? þavmuBuD;uay;urf;Ekdifaom
ZdrfcHpnf;pdfrfOpömrsm;ukd olaysmfykdufae&onf/ &Sif,mukyfu aiG&wwf
aomol (csrf;omaomol)ukd 4if;\ESdrfhcsqif;&JJjcif;t&mü *kPf,l0rf;
ajrmufzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ þae&mwGif wrefawmfBuD;u rnfonfht&mukd
qkdvkdxm;aMumif;ukd wpfzefjyefvnfokH;oyf avhvmzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þcsrf;omaomnDtpfukdtm; 4if;onfjrufyGifh
uJhokdYajcmufaoGUvGihfaysmufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ jrufyGihf
(awmyef;)onf tckduftwefYtm;jzihf vSyí&eHYarT;BudKifvSaomfvnf;
aexGufvmNyD;4if;\ aEG&moDaetyl&Sdefukd aqmif,lvmaomtcg jrufyif
onftyGihfrsm;a<uusum tvStyvnf;ysufpD;oGm;&onf[k olYukdtod
ay;cJhonf/ csrf;omaomolonf ukd,fhukd,fudkþokdY ½IjrifokH;oyf&efvkdtyf
onf/ olykdifqkdifaomt&mtm;vkH;onf csufcsif;qkdovkdaysmufysufoGm;
EkdifaMumif; today;zdkYvkdtyfonf/ olYtoufrnfrQ&Sifrnfukdvnf;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;26 27
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ukdMum;emEkdifzkdY em;ukdykdifqkdifxm;NyD; or®mw&m;ukdawGUjrifEkdifzkdY rsufpdukd
&&Sdxm;onf/ ol&JUpdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ jyefvnf
topfjyKjyifjcif;ukd cH&onf/ þyk*¾dKvf\toufwmü 0dnmOfawmfonf
rdrd\toD;tyGihfrsm;ukd oD;yGihfaeaponf/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ESihf
tjcm;ajrmufjrm;pGmaom t&mrsm;onf ,ckvuf&SdwGifolykdifqkdifaom
t&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ½kyf0wåKypönf;tm;jzihf qif;&JcsKdUwJh
aeaomnDtpfukdtm; c&pfawmfü&Sdaeaom4if;\ crf;em;BuD;us,faom
csrf;om<u,f0jcif;ukd tm½kHpl;pkdufaezdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
þt&mrsm;ukd ajymqkdNyD;aemufwGif þor®mw&m;\aemufxyf
vufawGU&,lusifhokH;&rnfhtcsufwpfcsuf uREkfyfwkdYavhvmzdkYvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ teD;w0kdufrSvlrsm;ukd þavmuüolwdkYykdifqkdifaomt&mrsm;
tay:ütajccHí tBudrfrnfrQpD&if tuJjzwfcJhMuoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tvGefa[mif;EGrf;qkwfNyJaeaom t0wftpm;ukd 0wfxm;aomolukd
awGUíxkdolYukd tem;rStjcm;olwpfOD;xufykdí edrfhusaomol[k tuJjzwf
aumif;jzwfcJhMuayrnf/ þt&monf xkdyk*¾dKvfukdtjcm;olrsm;ESifhrwl
aomqufqHjcif;rsKd;jzihf qufqHaumif;qufqHaprnf/ okdYaomftusÐqkwf
ukd 0wfqifxm;aom xkdyk*¾dKvftm;bk&m;ocif½IjrifonfhykHpHu xkdokdY
r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf twGif;pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfhonf/ tjyifyef;
o@mefrsm;ukd rMunfhyg (1&m 16;7)/ t0wftpm;aumif;rsm;ESihfol\
bPfpm &if;pmtkyfrS aiGyrmPonf bk&m;ociftwGufbmrQr[kwfyg/
þ ]]qif;&JEGrf;yg;}} olonf 4if;ESihfbk&m;ocif\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIaMumifh
uREkfyfwkdY xifxm;onfxufykdí csrf;omaumif;csrf;omayvdrfhrnf/
oifonftoufwmü atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaomae&mü &Sdaeaom
nDtpfukdwpfa,mufjzpfvQif? oihf&JUrsufvkH;rsm;ukdzGihfí þavmu\
½kyf0wåKypönf;rsm;\ wpfzuftvGefqDokdY arQmfMunfhvdkufyg/ ocifa,½Iü
oif ykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd Munfhyg/ ocifa,½Iü&Sdaeaom oifh&JU
&yfwnfrItajctaeukd Munfhyg/ olY&JUuwdawmfrsm;ukdMunfhyg/ oifonf
bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;wpfOD;jzpfaMumif;ukdowd&í xkdt&mü
aumif;BuD;cHí cGeftm;,lyg (aumavmoJ 3;1-4 ukdMunfhyg)/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\tav;xm;a&;om;csuf
ukd atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaomnDtpfukdxHrS aiG&wwfaomnDtpfukdxHokdY
ajymif;vkdufonf/ þt&mukd &Sif;jyzkdYrvkdtyfyg/ þnDtpfukdonf rdrd
vkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd þb0wGifykdifqkdifxm;onf/ olonfrdom;pk
udkjynfhjynfh00axmufyHhauR;arG;EdkifNyD;? þavmuBuD;uay;urf;Ekdifaom
ZdrfcHpnf;pdfrfOpömrsm;ukd olaysmfykdufae&onf/ &Sif,mukyfu aiG&wwf
aomol (csrf;omaomol)ukd 4if;\ESdrfhcsqif;&JJjcif;t&mü *kPf,l0rf;
ajrmufzkdY pdefac:cJhonf/ þae&mwGif wrefawmfBuD;u rnfonfht&mukd
qkdvkdxm;aMumif;ukd wpfzefjyefvnfokH;oyf avhvmzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þcsrf;omaomnDtpfukdtm; 4if;onfjrufyGifh
uJhokdYajcmufaoGUvGihfaysmufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ jrufyGihf
(awmyef;)onf tckduftwefYtm;jzihf vSyí&eHYarT;BudKifvSaomfvnf;
aexGufvmNyD;4if;\ aEG&moDaetyl&Sdefukd aqmif,lvmaomtcg jrufyif
onftyGihfrsm;a<uusum tvStyvnf;ysufpD;oGm;&onf[k olYukdtod
ay;cJhonf/ csrf;omaomolonf ukd,fhukd,fudkþokdY ½IjrifokH;oyf&efvkdtyf
onf/ olykdifqkdifaomt&mtm;vkH;onf csufcsif;qkdovkdaysmufysufoGm;
EkdifaMumif; today;zdkYvkdtyfonf/ olYtoufrnfrQ&Sifrnfukdvnf;
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;26 27
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aumif;? olpkaqmif;xm;aom pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd rnfonfhtcsdeftxd
aysmfyg;pHpm;&rnfukdvnf;aumif; qkH;jzwfxdef;csKyfykdifcGihfolwGifr&Sdyg/
½kwfw&ufqkdovkd olYtoufukd Ekwf,lcH&Ekdifygonf/ olpkaqmif;xm;
aoma&TaiGpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf;okH;jzKef;vTifhaysmufoGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ tkdrif;&ifha&mfjcif;onf tvsiftjrefa&muf&SdvmNyD; olykdifqkdifaom
pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd aysmfyg;cHpm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;ukd olYxHrScRwf,loGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ wpfaeYwGifolonf oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ocif\ a&SUawmfwGif &yf&
ygvdrfhrnf/ olY&JUtaumif;pm;t0wftpm;rsm;ESihf bPfpm&if;pmtkyfrS
aiGyrmPu bk&m;ocifukdtxifBuD;tm;usoGm;aprnf r[kwfyg/ xkdaeY
&ufwGif þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf t"dyÜg,f&SdMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ ol
onf atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom nDtpfukdESihfab;csif;,SOfí &yf&ygvdrfhrnf/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfokdYtwl 0ifa&mufoGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/
olY&JUcsrf;ompnf;pdrfonf olukdykdíaumif;aompHtdrfukd 0,fay;EkdifcJhrnf
r[kwfyg/ xkdtpm;olY&JUcsrf;ompnf;pdrfrsm;onf þavmuüoltouf&Sif
pOfü olYukd0dnmOfa&;&mt&mrsm;rSm tm½kHajymif;apcJhMuaomaMumifh ol\
aumif;uifqkvm'frsm;rSm tenf;i,fomjzpfaumif;jzpfapcJhMurnf/
csrf;omaomnDtpfukdonf bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmufü olrnfol
rnf0gjzpfaMumif; ukd,fhukd,fukdtoday;aezkdYvdktyfonf/ olüaiGaMu;
csrf;omaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;wGif ykdíjrifhjrwfaom av;pm;
*kPfjyKjcif;ukd cH&rnfr[kwfaMumif; owd&aezkdYvkdtyfonf/ olY&JUpnf;pdrf
Opömrsm;onf wjznf;jznf;ESihfaysmufysufoGm;rnfhtaMumif;ukd owd&
aezkdYvkdtyfonf/ olpkaqmif;cJhorQaomt&mrsm;ukd olYxHrScRwf,lí
pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfhaom bk&m;ocifa&SUü ukd,fcsnf;&yf&ygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfwGif qif;&Jcsrf;omcGJjcm;rIr&Sdyg/ bk&m;
ocifonf tjyifyef;o@mef\wpfzuftvGef&Sd pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfh
ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdY
onfbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd ½Ijrifonfhtwkdif; ukd,fhukd,fukd ½IjrifMu&
rnf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom nDtpfukdtwGuf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm
ukd,fhukd,fukd ta&;ryg t&mra&mufaomoltjzpf cHpm;jcif;jzpfonf/
þnDtpfukdonf ocifa,½Iü ol&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom *kPf,lzG,fjzpfwnf
rIukd od&SdaezkdYvkdtyfonf/ csrf;omaomolrSm olxifoihfonfxufol
ukd,folykdí txifBuD;aewwfonf/ olY&JUpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;onf vGifhjy,f
aysmufysufoGm;í þurÇmBuD;ukd zefqif;cJhaombk&m;ocifukd *kPf,l
tm;usapEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdrSwf,lxm;
onfhtwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd wkd;ívnf;r[kwf? avsmhívnf;
r[kwfrSwf,lMuzdkY vkdtyfonf/ þ[efcsufnDrIukd uREkfyfwkdYawGU&SdEkdifzkdY
bk&m;ocifu pGrf;aqmifay;ygap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þb0ü rnfonfht&mudkrQrykdifqkdifaom ,kHMunfolwpfOD;onf
rnfonfht&mü 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;ae&ygrnfenf;/
csrf;omaomolrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcszkdY tb,fhaMumihf
vdktyfoenf;/
þyk*¾dKvf(csrf;omol? qif;&Jol)rsm;xJrS rnfolESihfoifykdíwlo
enf;/ ,aeYwGif þusrf;ykd'fu oifhxHodkYrnfonfhpdefac:rIrsm;ukd
aqmif,lvmygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;28 29
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aumif;? olpkaqmif;xm;aom pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd rnfonfhtcsdeftxd
aysmfyg;pHpm;&rnfukdvnf;aumif; qkH;jzwfxdef;csKyfykdifcGihfolwGifr&Sdyg/
½kwfw&ufqkdovkd olYtoufukd Ekwf,lcH&Ekdifygonf/ olpkaqmif;xm;
aoma&TaiGpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf;okH;jzKef;vTifhaysmufoGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ tkdrif;&ifha&mfjcif;onf tvsiftjrefa&muf&SdvmNyD; olykdifqkdifaom
pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd aysmfyg;cHpm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;ukd olYxHrScRwf,loGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/ wpfaeYwGifolonf oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ocif\ a&SUawmfwGif &yf&
ygvdrfhrnf/ olY&JUtaumif;pm;t0wftpm;rsm;ESihf bPfpm&if;pmtkyfrS
aiGyrmPu bk&m;ocifukdtxifBuD;tm;usoGm;aprnf r[kwfyg/ xkdaeY
&ufwGif þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf t"dyÜg,f&SdMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ ol
onf atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom nDtpfukdESihfab;csif;,SOfí &yf&ygvdrfhrnf/
olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfokdYtwl 0ifa&mufoGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/
olY&JUcsrf;ompnf;pdrfonf olukdykdíaumif;aompHtdrfukd 0,fay;EkdifcJhrnf
r[kwfyg/ xkdtpm;olY&JUcsrf;ompnf;pdrfrsm;onf þavmuüoltouf&Sif
pOfü olYukd0dnmOfa&;&mt&mrsm;rSm tm½kHajymif;apcJhMuaomaMumifh ol\
aumif;uifqkvm'frsm;rSm tenf;i,fomjzpfaumif;jzpfapcJhMurnf/
csrf;omaomnDtpfukdonf bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmufü olrnfol
rnf0gjzpfaMumif; ukd,fhukd,fukdtoday;aezkdYvdktyfonf/ olüaiGaMu;
csrf;omaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;wGif ykdíjrifhjrwfaom av;pm;
*kPfjyKjcif;ukd cH&rnfr[kwfaMumif; owd&aezkdYvkdtyfonf/ olY&JUpnf;pdrf
Opömrsm;onf wjznf;jznf;ESihfaysmufysufoGm;rnfhtaMumif;ukd owd&
aezkdYvkdtyfonf/ olpkaqmif;cJhorQaomt&mrsm;ukd olYxHrScRwf,lí
pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfhaom bk&m;ocifa&SUü ukd,fcsnf;&yf&ygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfwGif qif;&Jcsrf;omcGJjcm;rIr&Sdyg/ bk&m;
ocifonf tjyifyef;o@mef\wpfzuftvGef&Sd pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfh
ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdY
onfbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd ½Ijrifonfhtwkdif; ukd,fhukd,fukd ½IjrifMu&
rnf/ atmufvQKdESdrfhcsaom nDtpfukdtwGuf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm
ukd,fhukd,fukd ta&;ryg t&mra&mufaomoltjzpf cHpm;jcif;jzpfonf/
þnDtpfukdonf ocifa,½Iü ol&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom *kPf,lzG,fjzpfwnf
rIukd od&SdaezkdYvkdtyfonf/ csrf;omaomolrSm olxifoihfonfxufol
ukd,folykdí txifBuD;aewwfonf/ olY&JUpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;onf vGifhjy,f
aysmufysufoGm;í þurÇmBuD;ukd zefqif;cJhaombk&m;ocifukd *kPf,l
tm;usapEkdifcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdrSwf,lxm;
onfhtwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd wkd;ívnf;r[kwf? avsmhívnf;
r[kwfrSwf,lMuzdkY vkdtyfonf/ þ[efcsufnDrIukd uREkfyfwkdYawGU&SdEkdifzkdY
bk&m;ocifu pGrf;aqmifay;ygap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þb0ü rnfonfht&mudkrQrykdifqkdifaom ,kHMunfolwpfOD;onf
rnfonfht&mü 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;ae&ygrnfenf;/
csrf;omaomolrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcszkdY tb,fhaMumihf
vdktyfoenf;/
þyk*¾dKvf(csrf;omol? qif;&Jol)rsm;xJrS rnfolESihfoifykdíwlo
enf;/ ,aeYwGif þusrf;ykd'fu oifhxHodkYrnfonfhpdefac:rIrsm;ukd
aqmif,lvmygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ jzpfwnfrIukd*kPf,ljcif;28 29
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifc&pfawmfü uREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; [efcsufnD
rQwrI&Sdaomt,ltqwpfckukd od&Sdxm;&eftb,faMumifh ta&;
BuD;oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd,fukd xifrSwfoihfonfxufykdí
txifBuD;vQif rnfonfht&mjzpfvmoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,f
ukdxifrSwfoifhonfxufavsmhí xifrSwfvQifrnfonfht&m
jzpfvmoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oifjzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; oifhukdcspfawmf
rlaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifonfbk&m;ocif\
om;orD;jzpfaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
t&mcyfodrf;ü oifonfolYukd vkdtyfaMumif; today;aezkdY
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oifykdifqkdifaomt&mtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSa&mufvm
MuaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifykdifqkdifaomt&m
tm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü qufuyftyfESH&ef tcsdef,lyg/ oihf
tm;ay;oem;xm;aom t&mtm;vkH;ukd EkdifiHawmfwnfaqmuf
jcif;ü tokH;jyK&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
44
44
4
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
,mukyf 1;12-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf uREkfyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü a&muf&Sd
vmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;taMumif;ukd þyxrtcef;wGif uREkfyfwkdY
ajymqkdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;usKd;twGuf&nf&G,fpOfwGif &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukd or®m
w&m;rSvnf;aumif;? &ifhusufjcif;rSvnf;aumif; tm½kH ajymif;vrf;vGJoGm;
apzdkY þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKvkdonfrSmaocsmonf/ ,kHMunf
olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf uREkfyfwkdYonfppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom ÓPfynmESihftwl &ifqkdifjzwfoef;í
ocifbk&m;ESihfykdíeD;uyfvmatmif qGJaqmifjcif;cH&ef xkdppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;ukd tcGihfay;MuzkdY qifhac:jcif;cHxm;Mu&onf/ þaemufwpfykdif;&Sd
tcef;i,frsm;wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm; ütywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí &Sifoefjzwfoef;aom
olrsm;twGuf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&SdaeonftaMumif;ukd
jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
ocifa,½IurdrdtwGufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&aomolrsm;
twGuf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&SdaMumif; oGefoifay;cJhonf/ róJ
30
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifc&pfawmfü uREkfyfwkdYrnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; [efcsufnD
rQwrI&Sdaomt,ltqwpfckukd od&Sdxm;&eftb,faMumifh ta&;
BuD;oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukd,fukd xifrSwfoihfonfxufykdí
txifBuD;vQif rnfonfht&mjzpfvmoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,f
ukdxifrSwfoifhonfxufavsmhí xifrSwfvQifrnfonfht&m
jzpfvmoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oifjzpfwnfaeonfhtwkdif; oifhukdcspfawmf
rlaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifonfbk&m;ocif\
om;orD;jzpfaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
t&mcyfodrf;ü oifonfolYukd vkdtyfaMumif; today;aezkdY
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oifykdifqkdifaomt&mtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSa&mufvm
MuaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifykdifqkdifaomt&m
tm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü qufuyftyfESH&ef tcsdef,lyg/ oihf
tm;ay;oem;xm;aom t&mtm;vkH;ukd EkdifiHawmfwnfaqmuf
jcif;ü tokH;jyK&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
44
44
4
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;
,mukyf 1;12-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf uREkfyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü a&muf&Sd
vmaomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;taMumif;ukd þyxrtcef;wGif uREkfyfwkdY
ajymqkdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;usKd;twGuf&nf&G,fpOfwGif &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukd or®m
w&m;rSvnf;aumif;? &ifhusufjcif;rSvnf;aumif; tm½kH ajymif;vrf;vGJoGm;
apzdkY þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKvkdonfrSmaocsmonf/ ,kHMunf
olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf uREkfyfwkdYonfppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifay;oem;awmfrlaom ÓPfynmESihftwl &ifqkdifjzwfoef;í
ocifbk&m;ESihfykdíeD;uyfvmatmif qGJaqmifjcif;cH&ef xkdppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;ukd tcGihfay;MuzkdY qifhac:jcif;cHxm;Mu&onf/ þaemufwpfykdif;&Sd
tcef;i,frsm;wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm; ütywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí &Sifoefjzwfoef;aom
olrsm;twGuf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&SdaeonftaMumif;ukd
jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
ocifa,½IurdrdtwGufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&aomolrsm;
twGuf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&SdaMumif; oGefoifay;cJhonf/ róJ
30
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
5;11-12 wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd zwf½I&onf/
]]ighaMumifhoifwkdYukd uJh&JUn§Of;qJí rrSefbJvsuf tjypfwum
wifMuaomtcg? oifwkdYonf r*Fvm&SdMu\/ 0rf;ajrmuf
aysmf&TifjrL;jcif;&SdMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? aumif;uifbkHü
oifwkdY\ tusKd;onf BuD;vSay\/ oifwkdYa&SUu ay:xGef;aom
ya&mzufwkdYukd xkdenf;wl n§Of;qJMuNyD/}}
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif BuHKawGUae&aomt&mukd bk&m;ocifodygonf/
ol\emrawmftwGufaMumifh &ifqkdif&aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;umvrsm;
wGif tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí uREkfyfwkdY&Sifoefjzwfoef;jcif;
twGuf qkray;bJ'Dtwkdif;ypfxm;rnfr[kwfyg/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd
þurÇmay:ü &SifoefaexkdifpOfwGif tNrJwrf;rawGUjrif&aomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftay:ü opöm&Sduwdwnfí
a&mufvmrnfhumvwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdqkay;vdrfhrnf[k uRekfyfwkdY,kHMunf
pdwfcsEkdifygonf/
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jzwfoef;jcif;twGuf &&Sdrnfhqkvm'fukdaumif;uifbkHüomay;zkdYr[kwfyg/
ocifbk&m;ukd&SmBuHaomolrsm;ESihf emrawmftwGufaMumifh ppfaMum
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onf uRekfyfwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihfomí eD;apygonf/ oefYpifjcif;rD;zkdxJü
xnfhxm;aom tzkd;wefowåKyrm uREkfyfwkdY\rpifMu,frIrsm;rSm avmif
uRrf;oGm;NyD;? rD;uJhokdYyljyif;aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;tm;jzihf uREkfyf
wkdYrSm oefYpifaq;aMumjcif;cH&í oefY&Sif;pifMu,foGm;Mu&onf/ cufcJ
aomumvrsm;ESihf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;ukd uRekfyfwkdYaMumuf&GHUaezkdYrvkd
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txHyg;okdYykdí eD;uyfvmatmifqGJaqmifaeygonf[laom tcsuftm;
jzihfcGeftm;,lMu&rnfjzpfonf/ csufcsif;vufcH&&Sdrnfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvm
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uREkfyfwkdYrSm 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;aeMu&rnf/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;atmufü
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taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ þo&zlukd xm0&umvwpfavQmufaqmif;
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ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ESihf uGJjym;ygonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf enf;rsKd;pkHjzihfa&muf&SdvmEkdifygonf/ 4if;wdkY
onfzsm;emjcif;(okdY) n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsKd;jzihf a&muf&SdvmEkdifMuonf/
xkdYtjyif jiif;y,fcH&jcif;? uJh&JUoa&mfcH&jcif;? uREkfyfwkdYtaMumif;rkom;
xGufqkdjcif;ykHpHrsKd;jzihfvnf; a&mufvmEkdifygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;wGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYESihftwl&SdawmfrlNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYukd
txHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef4if;wkdYukd tokH;jyK&ygvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;32 33
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
5;11-12 wGif uREkfyfwkdYukd zwf½I&onf/
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wifMuaomtcg? oifwkdYonf r*Fvm&SdMu\/ 0rf;ajrmuf
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uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif BuHKawGUae&aomt&mukd bk&m;ocifodygonf/
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wGif tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí uREkfyfwkdY&Sifoefjzwfoef;jcif;
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pdwfcsEkdifygonf/
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jzwfoef;jcif;twGuf &&Sdrnfhqkvm'fukdaumif;uifbkHüomay;zkdYr[kwfyg/
ocifbk&m;ukd&SmBuHaomolrsm;ESihf emrawmftwGufaMumifh ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESifhqif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd ESdrfhcspGmonf;cHjzwfoef;&ef vkdvkd
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onf uRekfyfwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihfomí eD;apygonf/ oefYpifjcif;rD;zkdxJü
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uRrf;oGm;NyD;? rD;uJhokdYyljyif;aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;tm;jzihf uREkfyf
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aomumvrsm;ESihf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;ukd uRekfyfwkdYaMumuf&GHUaezkdYrvkd
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tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;atmufü
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taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ þo&zlukd xm0&umvwpfavQmufaqmif;
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ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ESihf uGJjym;ygonf/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;onf enf;rsKd;pkHjzihfa&muf&SdvmEkdifygonf/ 4if;wdkY
onfzsm;emjcif;(okdY) n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsKd;jzihf a&muf&SdvmEkdifMuonf/
xkdYtjyif jiif;y,fcH&jcif;? uJh&JUoa&mfcH&jcif;? uREkfyfwkdYtaMumif;rkom;
xGufqkdjcif;ykHpHrsKd;jzihfvnf; a&mufvmEkdifygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;wGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYESihftwl&SdawmfrlNyD;? uREkfyfwkdYukd
txHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef4if;wkdYukd tokH;jyK&ygvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;32 33
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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ocifxHrSvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSvnf;aumif;
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opfrsm;oGef;avmif;cH&í ocifbk&m;ukdtapcH&ef ykdrkdaumif;rGefpGm rGrf;rH
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4if;wkdY\ OD;wnfcsuftwdkif;NyD;ajrmufoGm;ygu 4if;wkdYonfuREkfyfwkdYukd
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bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rS aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfhzkdY
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ajy;xGufoGm;vkdMuNyD;? pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd jzpfoihfjzpfxkdufyg
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onf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;wkdYukdvnf;
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pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;34 35
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aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; qefYusifMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf qkd;npfaomxkdtawG;rsm;? pdwfxm;rsm;? vIyf&Sm;
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;34 35
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJüBuD;xGm;cGihfjyKvQif &vm'frSmaojcif;
yifjzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½kdufonf ½kyfcE¨müaojcif;ukdjzpfaponfh t"dyÜg,f
rsKd;&Sdaeaomfvnf; xkdt&mxufta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm 0dnmOfa&;&mü
aojcif;ukdvnf; jzpfaponfhtcsufjzpfyifonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&müaojcif;
qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifESihfuif;uGmjcif;jzpfonf/ þonfrSmtjypf'kp½kduf
u zefwD;ay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ 4if;onfbk&m;ocifESihf rdó[m
,zGJUjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukdcGJcGgxm;ygvdrfhrnf/
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taMumif;ukd owday;xm;onf/ þusrf;abmiftquftpyft&? bk&m;
ocifonf olwkdYukdtjypfusL;vGefzdkY pkHprf;aeygonf (okdY) bk&m;ocifonf
tjypf'kp½kdufukd w&m;pD&ifrnfr[kwfyg[k awG;xifapaomZmwdtaoG;
tom;\ qGJiifjzm;a,mif;jcif;ukd cGihfrjyKMuzkdY txl;owdxm;Mu&rnf
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pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdYukd cGJjcm;wwfzkdYBuD;rm;aom ajrmfjrifwwfjcif;ukd
olwkdY vkdtyfcJhonf/
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&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmtwGuf tNrJaumif;rGefí
yuwdjynfhpkHMuaMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ þonfrSmuRekfyfwkdY
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bk&m;ocifay;;aomt&monf tNrJwrf;aumif;rGefí yuwdjynfhpkHyg
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qDokdYaqmif,loGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifzefwD;aomt&monf
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okdYaomf uRekfyfwkdYtxJü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifaomt&monf uRekfyfwkdY
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wkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihf tNrJwrf;ykdíeD;apygonf/ bk&m;ocifapvTwfaom
t&monf tNrJwrf;uREkfyfwkdY\ aumif;usKd;twGufjzpfum? bk&m;ocifESihf
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uiftvif;\bk&m;wpfyg;jzpfonfhtavsmuf olüarSmifrkdufjcif;vkH;vkH;
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tm;vkH;onf yuwdjynfhpkHí oefY&Sif;jrifhjrwfMuonf/ olonfb,faom
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wkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ü olapvTwfvkdufaomt&mtm;vkH;onf uREkfyfwkdY\
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;36 37
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJüBuD;xGm;cGihfjyKvQif &vm'frSmaojcif;
yifjzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½kdufonf ½kyfcE¨müaojcif;ukdjzpfaponfh t"dyÜg,f
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,zGJUjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukdcGJcGgxm;ygvdrfhrnf/
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pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdYukd cGJjcm;wwfzkdYBuD;rm;aom ajrmfjrifwwfjcif;ukd
olwkdY vkdtyfcJhonf/
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bk&m;ocifay;;aomt&monf tNrJwrf;aumif;rGefí yuwdjynfhpkHyg
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ü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmapygovm;[laom ar;cGef;ukdoifhukdoifar;yg/
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t&monf tNrJwrf;uREkfyfwkdY\ aumif;usKd;twGufjzpfum? bk&m;ocifESihf
uREkfyfwkdYtwl avQmufvSrf;&mü uREkfyfwkdYukdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefvmapygvdrfh
rnf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGifbk&m;ocifonf aumif;uiftvif;wkdY\
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onfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf jzLpifjrifhjrwfjcif;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ aumif;
uiftvif;\bk&m;wpfyg;jzpfonfhtavsmuf olüarSmifrkdufjcif;vkH;vkH;
r&Sdyg/ tjypf'kp½kduftwGufolYukd pGyfpGJír&yg/ olvkyfaqmifaomt&m
tm;vkH;onf yuwdjynfhpkHí oefY&Sif;jrifhjrwfMuonf/ olonfb,faom
tcgwGifrQ ajymif;vJrnfr[kwfyg/ olYukdoefY&Sif;jrifhjrwfí yuwdjynfhpkH
awmfrlaom bk&m;ociftjzpf uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunftm;xm;Ekdifonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ü olapvTwfvkdufaomt&mtm;vkH;onf uREkfyfwkdY\
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;36 37
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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uREkfyfwkdYonf olapvTwfvkdufaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd wkHYqkdif;jcif;r&SdbJ
vufcHEkdifMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif &Sif,mukyfu þyuwdjynfhpkHjcif;ESihftvif;
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cGihfukday;cJhaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmajymjyxm;onf/ þae&müawGU&aom
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uREkfyfwkdYukdta&;pkdufí uREkfyfwkdYaumif;BuD;r*FvmtwGufukdom &SmBuH
aeygonf/
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uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftokH;jyKaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf Zmwd
taoG;tom;rSvnf;aumif;? &efolYxHrSvnf;aumif;a&mufvmaom
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdYukd uGJuGJjym;jym;od&SdzkdY oif,lMu&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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vmoenf;/
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qGJaqmifzkdY oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifu ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKcJhaMumif;ukd oifukd,fawGY awGUBuHKcHpm;zl;yg
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;38 39
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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uREkfyfwkdYonf olapvTwfvkdufaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd wkHYqkdif;jcif;r&SdbJ
vufcHEkdifMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif &Sif,mukyfu þyuwdjynfhpkHjcif;ESihftvif;
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cGihfukday;cJhaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmajymjyxm;onf/ þae&müawGU&aom
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[laomqkvufaqmifonf bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftjcma&G;cs,frIrSa&muf
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bk&m;ocif\ pdwfqE´rSm uREkfyfwkdYrdrd&dwfodrf;jcif;\tOD;oD;
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taxmuftxm;oufaorsm;jzpfMuonf (2ay 3;10-13)/
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zciftaejzihf bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´rSm uREkfyfwkdYukdta&;pkdufítxHawmf
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uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ociftokH;jyKaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf Zmwd
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pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdYukd uGJuGJjym;jym;od&SdzkdY oif,lMu&rnf/
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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vmoenf;/
oifhukdoefYpifaq;aMumzkdYESihf txHyg;okdYykdíeD;uyfvmatmif
qGJaqmifzkdY oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifu ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKcJhaMumif;ukd oifukd,fawGY awGUBuHKcHpm;zl;yg
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfaumif;BuD;rsm;38 39
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ovm;/ &Sif;jyay;yg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;&maumif;usKd;ukdom pdwfESvkH;oGif;xm;aom
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
aumif;uiftvif;awmf\tzjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm olütjypf
'kp½kdufwkdY\ avmuDarSmifrkdufjcif;vkH;vkH; r&Sdjcif;twGuf bk&m;
ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ olonft<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;
xkdufaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;atmufü BuHUBuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifzkdYomí BuD;aom
cGeftm;ukday;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;xHrS ajy;xGufEkdifzkdY cGeftm;ay;&ef bk&m;
ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
55
55
5
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSefbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSefbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
,mukyf 1;19-25 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf pkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;ykHukd uREkfyfwkdYajymqkdaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;ESihfavQmufvSrf;
&Sifoef&mü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmMurnftaMumif; ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
udk onf;cHjzwfoef;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSmum;
tvGefuGJjym;aomt&mjzpfonf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;onf
uREkfyfwkdYukd ocifbk&m;xHrSvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rS
vnf;aumif; a0;&mokdYqGJaqmifzkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 19 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdY
tm;Mum;emjcif;ü vsifjrefMuí trsufxGufjcif;ü aES;auG;MuzkdYajymcJh
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdY\xifjrif,lqcsufukd aocsmem;raxmifbJ
xkdolwkdYtay:ü b,fESpfBudrfb,fEScgtrsufxGufcJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ oihfukd
Oayu©mjyKaeonf[k ,lq&onfhyk*¾dKvfonf tdrfaxmifa&;pdwfzdpD;rIBuD;
atmufwGif&Sdaeaomol jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ pD&ifqkH;jzwfcsufrcsrDwGif
uREkfyfwkdYnDtpfukd armifESrrsm;\ajympum;ukd tcsdef,lem;axmfay;cJh
ygu uREkfyfwkdYonf y#dyu©rnfrQukd a&Smif&Sm;EkdifcJhMuvdrfhrnfenf;/ trsuf
40
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ovm;/ &Sif;jyay;yg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;&maumif;usKd;ukdom pdwfESvkH;oGif;xm;aom
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
aumif;uiftvif;awmf\tzjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm olütjypf
'kp½kdufwkdY\ avmuDarSmifrkdufjcif;vkH;vkH; r&Sdjcif;twGuf bk&m;
ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ olonft<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;
xkdufaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;atmufü BuHUBuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifzkdYomí BuD;aom
cGeftm;ukday;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;xHrS ajy;xGufEkdifzkdY cGeftm;ay;&ef bk&m;
ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
55
55
5
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSefbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSefbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef
,mukyf 1;19-25 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;ü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf pkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;ykHukd uREkfyfwkdYajymqkdaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;ESihfavQmufvSrf;
&Sifoef&mü BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmMurnftaMumif; ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
udk onf;cHjzwfoef;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSmum;
tvGefuGJjym;aomt&mjzpfonf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;onf
uREkfyfwkdYukd ocifbk&m;xHrSvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rS
vnf;aumif; a0;&mokdYqGJaqmifzkdY &nf&G,fxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 19 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdY
tm;Mum;emjcif;ü vsifjrefMuí trsufxGufjcif;ü aES;auG;MuzkdYajymcJh
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdY\xifjrif,lqcsufukd aocsmem;raxmifbJ
xkdolwkdYtay:ü b,fESpfBudrfb,fEScgtrsufxGufcJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ oihfukd
Oayu©mjyKaeonf[k ,lq&onfhyk*¾dKvfonf tdrfaxmifa&;pdwfzdpD;rIBuD;
atmufwGif&Sdaeaomol jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ pD&ifqkH;jzwfcsufrcsrDwGif
uREkfyfwkdYnDtpfukd armifESrrsm;\ajympum;ukd tcsdef,lem;axmfay;cJh
ygu uREkfyfwkdYonf y#dyu©rnfrQukd a&Smif&Sm;EkdifcJhMuvdrfhrnfenf;/ trsuf
40
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
a'goESihfqlyGufaernfhtpm; *½kPmpdwfukdcHpm;oihfonf/ Murf;wrf;
aompum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymrnfhtpm; pdwf&Snfonf;cH&rnf/ em;axmif
ay;zdkYtcsdef,lygu y#dyu©rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrsm;aomtm;jzihf vkH;0a&Smif&Sm;
EkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif &Sif,mukyfu vl\trsufa'goonf bk&m;
ukdaMumufaomtoD;tyGihfrsm; roD;yGifhEkdifaMumif; a&;om;cJhonf/ trsuf
a'goonf rsm;pGmaom 'kp½kduftrIwkdY\ t&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ trsuf
a'gotm; 4if;\toD;tyGifhrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oD;yGihfcGihfjyK
aomtcg &vm'frsm;rSm aMumufcref;vdvdyifjzpfonf/ vlwkdY\trsuf
a'goonf rdom;pktdrfaxmiftwGif;üvnf;aumif;? toif;awmftwGif;
üvnf;aumif; euf½Idif;jyif;xefaom pdwf'Pf&mrsm;ukd jzpfapygonf/
trsufa'goonf uREkfyfwkdYjyif;jyif;xefxef ukdifwG,f&mrnfht&mjzpf
onf/ olwpfyg;ukd wkefYjyefajymqkdjcif;rjyKrD tcsdef,lem;axmifay;jcif;
tm;jzihf trsufa'goukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;EkdifaMumif; &Sif,mukyfu ajymjy
xm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm\ usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmonf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd
&ifqkdifaeMuaom c&pf,mefrsm;ESihf qufpyfaeonf/ þuJhokdYaom
tcsdefumvrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd cufcJyifyef;atmif vkyf
aqmifaeaomolrsm;tay:ü pdwfqkd;a'goxGufrSm tb,frQvG,ful
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufEkdifygonf/ okdYaomf &Sif,mukyf
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;trsufa'goonf bk&m;ocif\ajzmihfrwfjcif;toD;
tyGihfukdoD;yGihfrnfhajrr[kwfaMumif; today;xm;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü jzpfysufaeonfht&m
twGuf trsufxGufaeMurnfhtpm; 0rf;ajrmufjcif;(1;2)? onf;cHjcif;
(1;4)? ynm&Sdjcif; (1;5)? ,kHMunfaompdwfjynfh0jcif; (1;6)? pdwfESvkH;
ESdrfhcsjcif; (1;10)wkdY &SdMu&rnf[kajymxm;onf/ xdkodkYjzpfrSom
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOftoD;tyGifhonf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tv,fwGif
4if;wkdYtoufwm üxif&Sm;í&SifoefBuD;xGm;vmrnfjzpfonf/
þtykdif;ü &Sif,mukyfurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ay;cJhonfh
'kwd,pdefac:csufonf ukd,fusihfw&m;npfnL;jcif;? 'kp½kduftrIjyKvkyf
jcif;wkdYESihfoufqkdifonf (i,f 21 ukdMunfhyg)/ npfnL;jcif;[laom pum;
vkH;twGuf tokH;jyKxm;aom*&dpum;vkH;onf npfnrf;atmifjyKvkyfonfh
t&mrsm;(okdY) roefY&Sif;atmifzefwD;onfht&mrsm;ukd &nfñTef;onf/
xkdpum;vkH;onf umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ukd &nfñTef;EkdifouJhokdY tdrfeD;csif;
tay:ü ½kd;om;rIr&Sdjcif;? av;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;ponf tusihfpm&dwåESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukdvnf; &nfñTef;Ekdifygonf/ tcef;i,f 19ü &Sif,mukyf
ajymjycJhonfhtrsufa'goESihf þukd,fusifhw&m;npfnL;rIwkdYMum;wGif
qufpyfrI&SdaeEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfqkd;a'goxGufcsdefwGif wpfa,muf
ESihfwpfa,muf rqDravsmfajymqkdwkefYjyefEkdifMuonf/ pdwfqkd;a'goxGuf
csdefwGif pdwfxm;ao;odrfí ukd,fcsif;rpmemaompum;vkH;rsm;? n§mwm
axmufxm;rIr&Sdaom pum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymEkdifMuonf/ bk&m;ukdraMumuf
aompum;vkH;rsm;? vkyfaqmifrIrsm;pGmjzihf vufpm;acs&ef&SmBuHEkdifMu
onf/ þonfrSm ajzmifhrwfaomolwpfa,mufu rdrd&ifqkdif&aom
ppfaMum pkHprf;jcif;ukd wkHYjyefonfh wkefYjyefrIrsKd;r[kwfyg/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; xkduJhokdYaom ,kwfnHh
bk&m;ocifh\EIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef42 43
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
a'goESihfqlyGufaernfhtpm; *½kPmpdwfukdcHpm;oihfonf/ Murf;wrf;
aompum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymrnfhtpm; pdwf&Snfonf;cH&rnf/ em;axmif
ay;zdkYtcsdef,lygu y#dyu©rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrsm;aomtm;jzihf vkH;0a&Smif&Sm;
EkdifMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif &Sif,mukyfu vl\trsufa'goonf bk&m;
ukdaMumufaomtoD;tyGihfrsm; roD;yGifhEkdifaMumif; a&;om;cJhonf/ trsuf
a'goonf rsm;pGmaom 'kp½kduftrIwkdY\ t&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ trsuf
a'gotm; 4if;\toD;tyGifhrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü oD;yGihfcGihfjyK
aomtcg &vm'frsm;rSm aMumufcref;vdvdyifjzpfonf/ vlwkdY\trsuf
a'goonf rdom;pktdrfaxmiftwGif;üvnf;aumif;? toif;awmftwGif;
üvnf;aumif; euf½Idif;jyif;xefaom pdwf'Pf&mrsm;ukd jzpfapygonf/
trsufa'goonf uREkfyfwkdYjyif;jyif;xefxef ukdifwG,f&mrnfht&mjzpf
onf/ olwpfyg;ukd wkefYjyefajymqkdjcif;rjyKrD tcsdef,lem;axmifay;jcif;
tm;jzihf trsufa'goukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;EkdifaMumif; &Sif,mukyfu ajymjy
xm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm\ usrf;abmiftoGm;tvmonf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd
&ifqkdifaeMuaom c&pf,mefrsm;ESihf qufpyfaeonf/ þuJhokdYaom
tcsdefumvrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd cufcJyifyef;atmif vkyf
aqmifaeaomolrsm;tay:ü pdwfqkd;a'goxGufrSm tb,frQvG,ful
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufEkdifygonf/ okdYaomf &Sif,mukyf
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;trsufa'goonf bk&m;ocif\ajzmihfrwfjcif;toD;
tyGihfukdoD;yGihfrnfhajrr[kwfaMumif; today;xm;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü jzpfysufaeonfht&m
twGuf trsufxGufaeMurnfhtpm; 0rf;ajrmufjcif;(1;2)? onf;cHjcif;
(1;4)? ynm&Sdjcif; (1;5)? ,kHMunfaompdwfjynfh0jcif; (1;6)? pdwfESvkH;
ESdrfhcsjcif; (1;10)wkdY &SdMu&rnf[kajymxm;onf/ xdkodkYjzpfrSom
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOftoD;tyGifhonf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; tv,fwGif
4if;wkdYtoufwm üxif&Sm;í&SifoefBuD;xGm;vmrnfjzpfonf/
þtykdif;ü &Sif,mukyfurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ay;cJhonfh
'kwd,pdefac:csufonf ukd,fusihfw&m;npfnL;jcif;? 'kp½kduftrIjyKvkyf
jcif;wkdYESihfoufqkdifonf (i,f 21 ukdMunfhyg)/ npfnL;jcif;[laom pum;
vkH;twGuf tokH;jyKxm;aom*&dpum;vkH;onf npfnrf;atmifjyKvkyfonfh
t&mrsm;(okdY) roefY&Sif;atmifzefwD;onfht&mrsm;ukd &nfñTef;onf/
xkdpum;vkH;onf umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ukd &nfñTef;EkdifouJhokdY tdrfeD;csif;
tay:ü ½kd;om;rIr&Sdjcif;? av;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;ponf tusihfpm&dwåESihfqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukdvnf; &nfñTef;Ekdifygonf/ tcef;i,f 19ü &Sif,mukyf
ajymjycJhonfhtrsufa'goESihf þukd,fusifhw&m;npfnL;rIwkdYMum;wGif
qufpyfrI&SdaeEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfqkd;a'goxGufcsdefwGif wpfa,muf
ESihfwpfa,muf rqDravsmfajymqkdwkefYjyefEkdifMuonf/ pdwfqkd;a'goxGuf
csdefwGif pdwfxm;ao;odrfí ukd,fcsif;rpmemaompum;vkH;rsm;? n§mwm
axmufxm;rIr&Sdaom pum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymEkdifMuonf/ bk&m;ukdraMumuf
aompum;vkH;rsm;? vkyfaqmifrIrsm;pGmjzihf vufpm;acs&ef&SmBuHEkdifMu
onf/ þonfrSm ajzmifhrwfaomolwpfa,mufu rdrd&ifqkdif&aom
ppfaMum pkHprf;jcif;ukd wkHYjyefonfh wkefYjyefrIrsKd;r[kwfyg/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; xkduJhokdYaom ,kwfnHh
bk&m;ocifh\EIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef42 43
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onfht&mtm;vkH;ukdz,f&Sm;MuzdkYukdvnf; ajymcJhonf/ xkdtpm;ajzmifhrwf
aomolonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd emcHjcif;jzihf oefY&Sif;jzLpif
jcif;ESihf bk&m;ukdaMumufjcif;wkdYukd vkdufpm;usifhBuH&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;
i,f 21 wGif bk&m;ocifurdrdESihf oufqkdifaomolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;xJwGif
þEIwfuywfawmftm; pkdufysKd;xm;aMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf
ukd cGifhvTwfay;&eftwGuf ocifa,½I\,ZfylaZmfcHjcif;ukd vufcH,kH
Munfaomtcg oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uRekfyfwkdYtxJüudef;0yfzkdY
a&muf&Sdvmonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdocifbk&m;
\enf;vrf;ü oGefoifívrf;ñTefay;onf/ 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrI
onfuREkfyfwkdYukd jyKjyifajymif;vJí or®mw&m;qDokdY uREkfyfwkdY\ ESvkH;om;
rsm;ukd zGihf[ay;um xkdor®mw&m;ü &SifoefaexkdifEkdifatmif pGrf;aqmif
ay;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkYdtm; bk&m;ocifh0dnmOf
awmf\ or®mw&m;ukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd
vnf;aumif; em;axmifí xkdt&mü ESdrfhcsvsuf0efcHtyfESHMu&ef pdefac:
cJhonf/ þt&monf 4if;wkdYukdtcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ü vrf;jy
ay;rnfht&mjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf trsufa'goukdjiif;y,fí bk&m;ocifh
EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukd a&G;cs,fMu&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 21 wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\ pmzwfy&dwfwowfwkdY
tm; þEIwfuywfawmfonf olwkdYukdu,fwifEkdifaMumif;ukdajymcJhonf/
olwkdY\arQmfvifhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfwGif &SdcJhonf/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfu ocifa,½Ionf avmu\u,fwif&Sif
jzpfaMumif;ukd olwkdYxHürdwfqufay;cJhonf/ or®musrf;pmonf olwkdY
awGUBuHKcHpm;&aom u,fwifjcif;ürnfokdY &Sifoef&rnfukd jyoay;rnfh
vrf;ñTefjzpfonf/ olwkdY\teD;wpf0kduf&Sd ukd,fusihfw&m;npfnL;rIrsm;ESihf
raumif;rIrsm;\ pkd;rkd;jcif;ukdcHMurnfhtpm; olwkdY\b0c&D;vrf;ü a&muf
vmaomtcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd olwkdY\vrf;jytjzpf zefwD;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/
EIwfuywfawmfukd zwf½Ijcif;(okdY) em;axmifonfwpfrsKd;jzpfí
emcHjcif;onftjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ taMumif;t&mwpfckESihf ywfoufí
EIwfuywfawmf\ ajymqkdcsufukd oifodEkdifaomfvnf; xkdEIwfuywfawmf
ajymjyaomt&mukd oifrvkyfaqmifvQif xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf oihf
toufwmtwGuf tusKd;&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtvGef
tifrweftav;xm;&rnfht&mjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmfrsm;
wGifor®mw&m;ukd odaomolrsm;ESihf jynfhaeaomfvnf; uREkfyfwdkYtxJü
tjypfESihf'kp½kduftrIrsm;ukd awGUae&qJjzpfonf/ taMumif;t&if;rSm
uREkfyfwkdYonf EIwfuywfawmfudkem;axmifMuaomfvnf; xkdEIwfuywf
awmf ajymjyaomt&mukd vufawGUvkyfaqmif&avmufatmif tav;
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tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;cJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifukd olwkdY
ausmckdif;oGm;aomtcg olwkdY\O,smOfpkdufcif;rsm;onf vkdtyfaom oD;ESH
rsm;ukd rjzpfxGef;apcJhMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
ukd emcHjcif;ü &SifoefMuvQif uREkfyfwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;onf rnfonfht&m
ESifhtvm;wlygrnfukd pdwful;Munfhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukd emcH
rIr&SdbJ &SifoefMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
rsm;ukd qD;wm;xm;MuNyD;? emcHjcif;onf xkdaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd
ajzvTwfay;ygvdrfhrnf/
þtcef;BuD;wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolrsm;\toufwm&Sd
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þb0wGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf uif;vGwfMu
rnfr[kwfyg/ þavmu\w&m;rQwrI r&Sdjcif;ESihf tEkdifxufjyKusihfrI
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aomtcsdefü uREkfyfwkdY\obm0twkdif; vkyfavh
vkyfx&Sdonft&mrSm pdwfqkd;a'goxGufí rausreyfjzpfjcif;jzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þokdYaomwkefYjyefrIrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukd
xif&Sm;aprnfr[kwfouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&aom ppffaMumpkH
prf;jcif;&Sd bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrSmvnf; txajrmufEkdifrnfr[kwf
yg[k ajymxm;onf/ pdwfqkd;a'goxGufrnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;
ocif0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifvrf;jyjcif;ukdem;axmifí bk&m;ocifh
aumif;BuD;r*Fvm\ jynfhpkHjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdaom
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd odjrifem;vnfEkdifMuygrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
em;axmifjcif;\ ta&;ygykHukd &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfodkY
oGefoifay;xm;oenf;/ oifonfaumif;aumif;em;axmifay;
wwfaomol[kwfygovm;/ &Sif;jyay;yg/
trsufa'go\ toD;tyGihfum; tb,fenf;/ xkdtoD;tyGihf
onf oihftoufwmü xif&Sm;odomaecJhygovm;/
oifwkdY&JUtokdif;t0kdif;ü ukd,fusihfw&m;npfnL;jcif;ESihf remvkd
pdwfvGefusL;jcif;rsm;\ taxmuftxm;rsm;ukd awGU&ygovm;/
toif;awmfonf þt&m\pkd;rkd;MoZmvTrf;rkd;jcif;ukd rnfokdY
cH&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf MunfhrSefwpfcsyfESihf rnfokdY
o@mefwloenf;/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwf
ESvkH;xJü pkdufysKd;xm;NyD;jzpfonf[k ajymqkdcsdefwGif rnfonfht&m
ukdolqkdvkdxm;ygoenf;/
þtoufwmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY &ifqkdif
&rnftaMumif; &Sif,mukyf\oGefoifxm;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\obm0twkdif; jyKavhjyKx&Sdonfht&mrSm tb,f
enf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf xm;&Sdaombk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrSm
tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifh\EIwfuywfawmfMunfhrSef48 49
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ykdíaumif;aumif; em;axmifay;wwfaomolwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY
ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocif
\ EIwfuywfawmfukd oihftoufwm\ yxrOD;pm;ay;t&m
tjzpfowfrSwf zefwD;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwm&Sd trsufa'goukd csKd;zsufacscGJay; ay;zkdYbk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmfü oifhukdajymjyaeaomt&mrsm;ukd Mum;
emEkdifzkdY oifh&JUrsufpdESihfem;rsm;ukd zGihfay;zkdYocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihfukdvrf;jyay;rnfholr&SdbJ'Dtwdkif;ypfrxm;cJhaomaMumifh
bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
66
66
6
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrIoefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrIoefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
,mukyf 1;26-27 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyftwGufqkdvQif ,kHMunfjcif;\ ½kd;om;ppfrSefaom ouf
aotaxmuftxm;udk vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGifxif&Sm;jyo&onf/
wpfpkHwpfa,mufu ukd,fhukd,fukd ,kHMunfol[ka<u;aMumfvQif xkdol
onfxkd ,HkMunfjcif;ukd toufwm&SifoefykHü vufawGUoufaojy&rnf
jzpfaMumif; &Sif,mukyfu t&Sif;vif;qkH;azmfjyxm;onf/ txl;ojzihf
pum;ajymqkdykHüvnf;aumif;? *½kPmw&m;ukdjyo&müvnf;aumif;
oufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/ þtaMumif;t&mukd ykdíteD;uyfavhvm
MunfhMuygpkdY/
vlwkdYu olwkdYukdolwkdYbmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;ygonf[k pOf;pm;owf
rSwfNyD;olwkdY\vQmukd wif;MuyfpGmapmifhpnf;rxm;vQif xkdolwkdY\bmom
a&;onf tcsnf;ESD;omjzpfaMumif; ajymqkdjcif;jzihf &Sif,mukyfu
tpjyKx;onf/ ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI(bmoma&;)[laom pum;vkH;onf
tjyifyef;tcrf;tem;xkH;"Hrsm;? ,kHMunfouf0ifrIrsm;ESihf oufqkdifonf/
þxl;jcm;aompum;vkH;ukd "r®opfusrf;wGif av;BudrfomawGU&onf/
yxrtBudrfukd wrefawmf26;5ü awGU&NyD; xdkusrf;ydk'fwGif &Sifaygvku
50
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ykdíaumif;aumif; em;axmifay;wwfaomolwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY
ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocif
\ EIwfuywfawmfukd oihftoufwm\ yxrOD;pm;ay;t&m
tjzpfowfrSwf zefwD;Ekdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwm&Sd trsufa'goukd csKd;zsufacscGJay; ay;zkdYbk&m;
ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmfü oifhukdajymjyaeaomt&mrsm;ukd Mum;
emEkdifzkdY oifh&JUrsufpdESihfem;rsm;ukd zGihfay;zkdYocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihfukdvrf;jyay;rnfholr&SdbJ'Dtwdkif;ypfrxm;cJhaomaMumifh
bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
66
66
6
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrIoefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrIoefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
,mukyf 1;26-27 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyftwGufqkdvQif ,kHMunfjcif;\ ½kd;om;ppfrSefaom ouf
aotaxmuftxm;udk vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGifxif&Sm;jyo&onf/
wpfpkHwpfa,mufu ukd,fhukd,fukd ,kHMunfol[ka<u;aMumfvQif xkdol
onfxkd ,HkMunfjcif;ukd toufwm&SifoefykHü vufawGUoufaojy&rnf
jzpfaMumif; &Sif,mukyfu t&Sif;vif;qkH;azmfjyxm;onf/ txl;ojzihf
pum;ajymqkdykHüvnf;aumif;? *½kPmw&m;ukdjyo&müvnf;aumif;
oufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/ þtaMumif;t&mukd ykdíteD;uyfavhvm
MunfhMuygpkdY/
vlwkdYu olwkdYukdolwkdYbmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;ygonf[k pOf;pm;owf
rSwfNyD;olwkdY\vQmukd wif;MuyfpGmapmifhpnf;rxm;vQif xkdolwkdY\bmom
a&;onf tcsnf;ESD;omjzpfaMumif; ajymqkdjcif;jzihf &Sif,mukyfu
tpjyKx;onf/ ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI(bmoma&;)[laom pum;vkH;onf
tjyifyef;tcrf;tem;xkH;"Hrsm;? ,kHMunfouf0ifrIrsm;ESihf oufqkdifonf/
þxl;jcm;aompum;vkH;ukd "r®opfusrf;wGif av;BudrfomawGU&onf/
yxrtBudrfukd wrefawmf26;5ü awGU&NyD; xdkusrf;ydk'fwGif &Sifaygvku
50
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olonf,cifu tvGefwif;Muyfaomenf;Oya'oukd emcHonfhbmom
a&;tzGJU\tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfcJhrItaMumif;ukd ajymcJhonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfrSm
aumavmoJ 2;18wGifjzpfNyD; xdkusrf;ydk'fonf&Sifaygvku aumif;uif
wrefrsm;tm; ukd;uG,faomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymxm;aom
ae&mjzpfonf/ tjcm;tokH;jyKxm;onfhESpfae&mrSm &Sif,mukyf\
þusrf;ykd'fwGifjzpfonf/ þtxl;pum;vkH;ukd tokH;jyKxm;jcif;onf
&Sif,mukyfu tjyifyef;tm;jzihf bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;ykHukdjyaomfvnf;
u,fwifjcif;w&m;awmf\ wefckd;awmftm;jzihf pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd wkdYxdjcif;
rcH&aomolrsm;tm; ajymqkdaeaMumif;ukd ñTefjyjcif;jzpfEkdifayonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfouf0ifrIESihfoufqkdifaom xkH;"Htcrf;
tem;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhMuaomaMumifh ukd,fukd,fukdbmom
a&;ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;[k xifrSwfaecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfxkH;"HtpOftvmukd
trSm;t,Gif;r&Sd emcHvkdufavQmufcJhMuygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdwkdY\bmoma&;usifhBuHrIrsm;ü *kPf,laeMu
aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;4if;wkdY\,kHMunfrIukd wdkif;wmppfaq;csufonf
þtjyifyef;xkH;pHtcrf;tem;rsm;ukd olwkYdrnfrQemcHusihfBuHonf[laom
tcsufwGifr[kwf? olwkdY\vQmukd rnfokdYtokH;jyKMuonf[laomtcsuf
wGifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ tokdif;t0kdif;xJü twif;tzsif;
ajymwwfolESihf toa&zsufajymqkdwwfoltjzpf emrnfBuD;aeaom
bk&m;ausmif;ykHrSwufaeonfholwpfa,mufukd oifrnfokdYrSwf,lrnf
enf;/ tNrJwrf;rkompum;ukdom ajymqkdaeaomaMumifh ajympum;wkdif;
ukd oifpdwfrcsEkdifjzpfaeonfholrsm;\ bmoma&;ukdoifrnfokdY rSwf,l
rnfenf;/ xkdolwkYd\bmoma&;tjyifyef;usifhBuHvkyfaqmifrItm;vkH;onf
rnfodkYtusKd;&Sdenfrnf;/ ocifa,½Ionf"r®opfusrf;&Sdvlrsm; tm;vHk;
teufrS zm&d&SJrsm;udkjyif;jyif;xefxef½IwfcscJhMuonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;onf
xkdacwfumv\bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;rIt&SdqkH;yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwkdY\bmoma&;vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrIrsm;onf rnfokdYyif jzpfcJhvifhupm;
olwkdYonfolawmfaumif;[efaqmifxm;aom oDvaMumifrsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ toif;awmfukd,aeYtBuD;tus,f ysufpD;apaomt&monf
ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcHygonf[k0efcHaomfvnf; ocifa,½I &Sifoef
cJhonfhtwkdif; r&SifoefMuonfh olrsm;xHrS a&muf&Sdvmacs&Sdonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; pdwfESvkH;ajymif;vJjcif;
\xif&Sm;aomoufaotaxmuftxm;rSm vQmukdtokH;jyKjcif;wGif
jzpfonf[k ajymjycJhonf/ róJ 12;34 wGif ocifa,½Iu rdrd\acwf
umvrS bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;aom zm&d&SJrsm;tm; þokdYajymcJhonf/
tcsif;a>rqkd;trsKd;wkdY? oifwkdYonftqkd;jzpfvsuf aumif;aom
pum;ukdtb,fokdY ajymEkdifrnfenf;/ pdwfESvkH;tjynfh&Sdonf
twkdif; EIwf>rufwwf\/
þae&mü ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyaeaomt&mrSm
EIwfrSxGufvmaomt&monf pdwfESvkH;xJü&Sdaomt&mukd ñTefjyonf[l
íjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;onf qkd;npf,kwfnHHhygu uREkfyfwkdYajym
aompum;vkH;rsm;rSmvnf; qkd;npf,kwfnHhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyf\b0wGif
pdwfqkd;a'goxGuf csdefü ukd,fhukd,fukdaemifw&aponfh pum;vkH;rsm;ukd
ajymcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ wdkpum;vHk;rsm;onfuREfkyfukdyiftHhtm;
oifhapcJhonf/ 4if;wkdYonfuREkfyf\,kwfnHhaom ESvkH;om;xJrSwkduf½dkfuf
xGufvmcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYonf euf½Idif;aomtwGif;wpfae&mü
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI52 53
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olonf,cifu tvGefwif;Muyfaomenf;Oya'oukd emcHonfhbmom
a&;tzGJU\tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfcJhrItaMumif;ukd ajymcJhonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfrSm
aumavmoJ 2;18wGifjzpfNyD; xdkusrf;ydk'fonf&Sifaygvku aumif;uif
wrefrsm;tm; ukd;uG,faomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymxm;aom
ae&mjzpfonf/ tjcm;tokH;jyKxm;onfhESpfae&mrSm &Sif,mukyf\
þusrf;ykd'fwGifjzpfonf/ þtxl;pum;vkH;ukd tokH;jyKxm;jcif;onf
&Sif,mukyfu tjyifyef;tm;jzihf bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;ykHukdjyaomfvnf;
u,fwifjcif;w&m;awmf\ wefckd;awmftm;jzihf pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd wkdYxdjcif;
rcH&aomolrsm;tm; ajymqkdaeaMumif;ukd ñTefjyjcif;jzpfEkdifayonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfouf0ifrIESihfoufqkdifaom xkH;"Htcrf;
tem;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhMuaomaMumifh ukd,fukd,fukdbmom
a&;ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;[k xifrSwfaecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfxkH;"HtpOftvmukd
trSm;t,Gif;r&Sd emcHvkdufavQmufcJhMuygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdwkdY\bmoma&;usifhBuHrIrsm;ü *kPf,laeMu
aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;4if;wkdY\,kHMunfrIukd wdkif;wmppfaq;csufonf
þtjyifyef;xkH;pHtcrf;tem;rsm;ukd olwkYdrnfrQemcHusihfBuHonf[laom
tcsufwGifr[kwf? olwkdY\vQmukd rnfokdYtokH;jyKMuonf[laomtcsuf
wGifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ tokdif;t0kdif;xJü twif;tzsif;
ajymwwfolESihf toa&zsufajymqkdwwfoltjzpf emrnfBuD;aeaom
bk&m;ausmif;ykHrSwufaeonfholwpfa,mufukd oifrnfokdYrSwf,lrnf
enf;/ tNrJwrf;rkompum;ukdom ajymqkdaeaomaMumifh ajympum;wkdif;
ukd oifpdwfrcsEkdifjzpfaeonfholrsm;\ bmoma&;ukdoifrnfokdY rSwf,l
rnfenf;/ xkdolwkYd\bmoma&;tjyifyef;usifhBuHvkyfaqmifrItm;vkH;onf
rnfodkYtusKd;&Sdenfrnf;/ ocifa,½Ionf"r®opfusrf;&Sdvlrsm; tm;vHk;
teufrS zm&d&SJrsm;udkjyif;jyif;xefxef½IwfcscJhMuonf/ zm&d&SJrsm;onf
xkdacwfumv\bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;rIt&SdqkH;yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwkdY\bmoma&;vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrIrsm;onf rnfokdYyif jzpfcJhvifhupm;
olwkdYonfolawmfaumif;[efaqmifxm;aom oDvaMumifrsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ toif;awmfukd,aeYtBuD;tus,f ysufpD;apaomt&monf
ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcHygonf[k0efcHaomfvnf; ocifa,½I &Sifoef
cJhonfhtwkdif; r&SifoefMuonfh olrsm;xHrS a&muf&Sdvmacs&Sdonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; pdwfESvkH;ajymif;vJjcif;
\xif&Sm;aomoufaotaxmuftxm;rSm vQmukdtokH;jyKjcif;wGif
jzpfonf[k ajymjycJhonf/ róJ 12;34 wGif ocifa,½Iu rdrd\acwf
umvrS bmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;aom zm&d&SJrsm;tm; þokdYajymcJhonf/
tcsif;a>rqkd;trsKd;wkdY? oifwkdYonftqkd;jzpfvsuf aumif;aom
pum;ukdtb,fokdY ajymEkdifrnfenf;/ pdwfESvkH;tjynfh&Sdonf
twkdif; EIwf>rufwwf\/
þae&mü ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyaeaomt&mrSm
EIwfrSxGufvmaomt&monf pdwfESvkH;xJü&Sdaomt&mukd ñTefjyonf[l
íjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;onf qkd;npf,kwfnHHhygu uREkfyfwkdYajym
aompum;vkH;rsm;rSmvnf; qkd;npf,kwfnHhygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyf\b0wGif
pdwfqkd;a'goxGuf csdefü ukd,fhukd,fukdaemifw&aponfh pum;vkH;rsm;ukd
ajymcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ wdkpum;vHk;rsm;onfuREfkyfukdyiftHhtm;
oifhapcJhonf/ 4if;wkdYonfuREkfyf\,kwfnHhaom ESvkH;om;xJrSwkduf½dkfuf
xGufvmcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYonf euf½Idif;aomtwGif;wpfae&mü
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI52 53
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wdwfwqdwfapmifhqkdif;aeMuaom tjypfESihf'kp½kdufukd vSpf[jycJhMuonf/
tcef;i,f 26 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\taygif;tazmf,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\vQmukd wif;MuyfaomZufBudK;jzihf xdef;csKyfzkdYvkdtyf
aMumif;ajymcJhonf/ oifonfjrnf;(okYd) jrif;wpfaumifukd pD;zl;cJhvQif
þtokH;tEIef;\qkdvkd&if;ukd oabmaygufygvdrfhrnf/ ZufBudK;onf jrif;
(okdY) jrnf;tm; rnfonfhOD;wnfcsufbufoGm; oGm;&efjyaomt&mjzpf
onf/ jrif;pD;olonf ZufBudK;ukdqGJwif;xm;ygu jrif;(okdY)jrif;onf jznf;
jznf;oGm;&rnf(okdY) &yfwefY&rnfukdyifodonf/ wif;usyfaomZufBudK;ukd
&Sdxm;jcif;jzihf jrif;pD;olonf jrif;ukdvG,fvifhwulxdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifonf/
þonfrSm &Sif,mukyfu þae&müajymjyaeaomt&mjzpfonf/ vQm
onfocifbk&m;ESpfoufrnfht&mrsm;ukdom ajymxGufrnfhtaMumif;
4if;ukdxdef;csKyfxm;zkdY vkdtyfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&mwGif bk&m;ocifh0dnmOf
awmf\toD;tyGihfwpfckjzpfonfh pnf;urf;&Sdjcif; (okdY) ukd,fukd,fukdcsKyf
wnf;jcif;ukdvkdtyfonf/ uRekfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihf
oihfjrwfaevQif þt&mukdoif&JUajymqkdykHü vufawGUoufaojyyg
vdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfwGif rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYESihf aqG;aEG;&efaemufxyf
taMumif;t&mwpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfjcif;\tjyif
yef;usihfBuHvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü tvGefukdif;½Idif;aomolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
vufcHESpfoufawmfrlaom bmoma&;onf xkH;"HtpOftvmrsm;ukd
wif;wif;MuyfMuyfusihfBuHvkdufavQmufjcif;xuf cspfjcif;*½kPmw&m;ESihf
ykdíoufqkdifaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ ocifa,½Iu "g;jywkdufvk,ufcH&í
vrf;ab;ESihfaorwwf'Pf&mrsm;ESihf ypfxm;cH&aomoltaMumif;ukd
ajymjycJhonf/ xkdacwfumvrS bmoma&;orm;rsm;u xkdolYukdawGUjrif
aomtcg vrf;\tjcm;wpfzufrS a&SmifuGif;íoGm;cJhMuonf/ taMumif;
rSm 'Pf&m&xm;aomolukdwkdYxdjcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYukdolwkdY roefY&Sif;atmif
jyKvkyfrdMurnfukd pkd;&drfcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xkd'Pf&m&aeolukd
ulnD&efukd,fukd ukdif;ñGwfvsuf vdktyfaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd jyKvkyfay;
cJholrSm trkef;cH&Smrm&dvlrsKd;wpfa,mufjzpfonf (vkum 10;33-34)/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifonf þ&Smrm&d
vl\vkyfaqmifcsufuJhokdYaomt&mukd ESpfoufvufcHí þtultnD
vkdtyfaeaomol\ teD;rSjzwfavQmufoGm;Muaom bmoma&;oDv
aMumifrsm;\ ,kwfnHhrIukdrl w&m;pD&ifrnfhtaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,faombmoma&;
onf tultnDvkdtyfaeaomolrsm;xHü oem;jcif;*½kPmukdjyojcif;ESihf
oufqkdifaMumif;ajymjyonf/ oifonf0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufaomol
wpfOD;jzpfvQif xkdt&mukdoihfteD;w0kdufrS tultnDvkdtyfaeaomol
rsm;tm; rnfokdYjyKpkapmifha&Smufonf[laomtcsufwGif oufaojyyg
vdrfhrnf/ þae&mwGif&Sif,mukyfu rdbr&Sdaomoli,frsm;ESihf rkqkd;rrsm;
taMumif; txl;wvnfajymcJhaomfvnf; xkdt&mrsm;ukdomtjynfhtpkH
tjzpfrrSwf,loihfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usifü tultnDvkdtyfaeMu
aomtm;enf;csnfheJYonfh tjcm;olrsm;vnf;&SdMuonf/
toif;awmfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd tvkyf½Iyfae
atmifzefwD;&efrSm tb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd
yg0ifqifETJaeMupOfwGif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tyg;rS vlajrmufjrm;pGmrSm
aoaMuysufpD;aeMuygonf/ oifonfppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI54 55
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wdwfwqdwfapmifhqkdif;aeMuaom tjypfESihf'kp½kdufukd vSpf[jycJhMuonf/
tcef;i,f 26 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\taygif;tazmf,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\vQmukd wif;MuyfaomZufBudK;jzihf xdef;csKyfzkdYvkdtyf
aMumif;ajymcJhonf/ oifonfjrnf;(okYd) jrif;wpfaumifukd pD;zl;cJhvQif
þtokH;tEIef;\qkdvkd&if;ukd oabmaygufygvdrfhrnf/ ZufBudK;onf jrif;
(okdY) jrnf;tm; rnfonfhOD;wnfcsufbufoGm; oGm;&efjyaomt&mjzpf
onf/ jrif;pD;olonf ZufBudK;ukdqGJwif;xm;ygu jrif;(okdY)jrif;onf jznf;
jznf;oGm;&rnf(okdY) &yfwefY&rnfukdyifodonf/ wif;usyfaomZufBudK;ukd
&Sdxm;jcif;jzihf jrif;pD;olonf jrif;ukdvG,fvifhwulxdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifonf/
þonfrSm &Sif,mukyfu þae&müajymjyaeaomt&mjzpfonf/ vQm
onfocifbk&m;ESpfoufrnfht&mrsm;ukdom ajymxGufrnfhtaMumif;
4if;ukdxdef;csKyfxm;zkdY vkdtyfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&mwGif bk&m;ocifh0dnmOf
awmf\toD;tyGihfwpfckjzpfonfh pnf;urf;&Sdjcif; (okdY) ukd,fukd,fukdcsKyf
wnf;jcif;ukdvkdtyfonf/ uRekfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;onf bk&m;ocifESihf
oihfjrwfaevQif þt&mukdoif&JUajymqkdykHü vufawGUoufaojyyg
vdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfwGif rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYESihf aqG;aEG;&efaemufxyf
taMumif;t&mwpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfjcif;\tjyif
yef;usihfBuHvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü tvGefukdif;½Idif;aomolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
vufcHESpfoufawmfrlaom bmoma&;onf xkH;"HtpOftvmrsm;ukd
wif;wif;MuyfMuyfusihfBuHvkdufavQmufjcif;xuf cspfjcif;*½kPmw&m;ESihf
ykdíoufqkdifaMumif; ajymjycJhonf/ ocifa,½Iu "g;jywkdufvk,ufcH&í
vrf;ab;ESihfaorwwf'Pf&mrsm;ESihf ypfxm;cH&aomoltaMumif;ukd
ajymjycJhonf/ xkdacwfumvrS bmoma&;orm;rsm;u xkdolYukdawGUjrif
aomtcg vrf;\tjcm;wpfzufrS a&SmifuGif;íoGm;cJhMuonf/ taMumif;
rSm 'Pf&m&xm;aomolukdwkdYxdjcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYukdolwkdY roefY&Sif;atmif
jyKvkyfrdMurnfukd pkd;&drfcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xkd'Pf&m&aeolukd
ulnD&efukd,fukd ukdif;ñGwfvsuf vdktyfaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd jyKvkyfay;
cJholrSm trkef;cH&Smrm&dvlrsKd;wpfa,mufjzpfonf (vkum 10;33-34)/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifonf þ&Smrm&d
vl\vkyfaqmifcsufuJhokdYaomt&mukd ESpfoufvufcHí þtultnD
vkdtyfaeaomol\ teD;rSjzwfavQmufoGm;Muaom bmoma&;oDv
aMumifrsm;\ ,kwfnHhrIukdrl w&m;pD&ifrnfhtaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,faombmoma&;
onf tultnDvkdtyfaeaomolrsm;xHü oem;jcif;*½kPmukdjyojcif;ESihf
oufqkdifaMumif;ajymjyonf/ oifonf0dnmOfa&;&mü &ifhusufaomol
wpfOD;jzpfvQif xkdt&mukdoihfteD;w0kdufrS tultnDvkdtyfaeaomol
rsm;tm; rnfokdYjyKpkapmifha&Smufonf[laomtcsufwGif oufaojyyg
vdrfhrnf/ þae&mwGif&Sif,mukyfu rdbr&Sdaomoli,frsm;ESihf rkqkd;rrsm;
taMumif; txl;wvnfajymcJhaomfvnf; xkdt&mrsm;ukdomtjynfhtpkH
tjzpfrrSwf,loihfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usifü tultnDvkdtyfaeMu
aomtm;enf;csnfheJYonfh tjcm;olrsm;vnf;&SdMuonf/
toif;awmfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd tvkyf½Iyfae
atmifzefwD;&efrSm tb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd
yg0ifqifETJaeMupOfwGif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tyg;rS vlajrmufjrm;pGmrSm
aoaMuysufpD;aeMuygonf/ oifonfppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI54 55
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ygonf[k oifajymvQif ocifa,½ItrIaqmifcJhouJhokdY trIaqmif&rnf/
ocifa,½\pdwfESvkH;xJrS oem;jcif;*½kPmw&m;onf oihfxJwGifvnf;
&Sd&ygrnf/ xkdokdY&SdaevQif oihfteD;wpf0kdufrS tultnDvkdtyfaeaom
olrsm;ukd oifjrifawGUygvdrfhrnf/ oihf&JUbmoma&;puf0kdif;xJüom quf
vuf&Sifoef&jcif;ukd oifwif;wdrfEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ tultnDvkdtyfae
aomolrsm;udkoem;jcif;*½kPmw&m;vufjzihf vufurf;zrf;qkyftwGuf
npfywfaya&rnfhtjzpfukdvnf; oifaMumuf&GHUaernfr[kwfyg/ ocif
a,½Ionf oihftoufwmukd tkyfpkd;í oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
oihfukdjynfh0aeapvQif ocifh\oem;jcif;*½kPmpdwfESihf cspfjcif;
arwåmwkdYukd oihfteD;wpf0kdufrS vlwkdYtay:üvufawGUjyoygvdrfhrnf/
oifonf olwkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd awGUjrifcHpm;í olwkdYukdulnDaz;r&ef
arwåmw&m;ESihftwlvIyf&Sm;zkdY bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ aphaqmfjcif;
ukdcH&ygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 27wGif ppfrSefaombmoma&;twGuf aemufqkH;
wdkif;wmppfaq;csufwpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREfkfyfwkdYtm;
ppfrSefaombmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukdavmuDtnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfuif;pifatmif apmifhxdef;MuaMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/
þ avmuBuD;wGif pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;pGm &Sdaeonf/ ukd,fhukd,fukd
bmoma&; ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;tjzpfjrifaomfvnf; avmuDt&mrsm;ü
aMumhrdaeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf avmb? raumif;rI'kp½dkuf?
wyfrufjcif;pdwf? ypönf;Opömykdifqkdifjcif;ukd t"duxm;onfh0g'rsm;ESihf
½kef;uefaeMu&onf/ olwkdY\pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif r½kd;om;rajzmifhrSef
jcif;ukd toHk;jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf4if;wdkY\,HkMunfjcif;udktjyifyef;jzihf
jyo&mütvGefopöm&SdMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ausmif;ykHrSefwufí
toif;awmfütwkdif;twmwpfcktxd tapcHaumif;cHMurnfjzpfaomf
vnf; olwkdYonfþavmuukd ratmifEkdifMuyg/ &Sif,mukyfuuREkfyf
wkdYtm; xdkolwkdY\tjyifyef;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;vkH;onf tcsnf;ESD;
omjzpfaMumif;ajymjyonf/ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;&SdolwpfOD;onf
avmuDt&mrsm;tay:ü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\w&m;emy&dowfwkdYtm; or®mw&m;ukd od½kH
oufoufonfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;vIyf&Sm;usihfBuHrIrsm;ü yg0if
qifETJjcif;oufoufonfvnf;aumif; rvHkavmufyg[kajymcJhonf/ ppfrSef
aom,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\twGif;o@mefoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;
rdrdwdkY\vQmukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? tultnDvkdtyfaeaom
olrsm;ukd ulnDrpjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfavmuDpkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;tay:ü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;
jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pdwfESvkH;\tajctaersm;ESifhpyfvQif;í vQmuuREkfyfwkdYtm;
rnfonfht&mukd xkwfazmfjyoay;ygoenf;/ oifhukdoif
aemifw&aponfhpum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymcJhzl;ygovm;/ xkdt&m
onf oifhpdwfESvkH;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfht&mukd jyoay;
ygoenf;/
oifhteD;tem;&Sd tultnDvkdtyfaeaomolrsm;rSm rnfolwkdY
enf;/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdonfh ocifc&pfawmf\ pdwf
xm;rSmtb,fenf;/ olwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom oihfpdwfxm;rSm
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI56 57
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ygonf[k oifajymvQif ocifa,½ItrIaqmifcJhouJhokdY trIaqmif&rnf/
ocifa,½\pdwfESvkH;xJrS oem;jcif;*½kPmw&m;onf oihfxJwGifvnf;
&Sd&ygrnf/ xkdokdY&SdaevQif oihfteD;wpf0kdufrS tultnDvkdtyfaeaom
olrsm;ukd oifjrifawGUygvdrfhrnf/ oihf&JUbmoma&;puf0kdif;xJüom quf
vuf&Sifoef&jcif;ukd oifwif;wdrfEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ tultnDvkdtyfae
aomolrsm;udkoem;jcif;*½kPmw&m;vufjzihf vufurf;zrf;qkyftwGuf
npfywfaya&rnfhtjzpfukdvnf; oifaMumuf&GHUaernfr[kwfyg/ ocif
a,½Ionf oihftoufwmukd tkyfpkd;í oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
oihfukdjynfh0aeapvQif ocifh\oem;jcif;*½kPmpdwfESihf cspfjcif;
arwåmwkdYukd oihfteD;wpf0kdufrS vlwkdYtay:üvufawGUjyoygvdrfhrnf/
oifonf olwkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd awGUjrifcHpm;í olwkdYukdulnDaz;r&ef
arwåmw&m;ESihftwlvIyf&Sm;zkdY bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ aphaqmfjcif;
ukdcH&ygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 27wGif ppfrSefaombmoma&;twGuf aemufqkH;
wdkif;wmppfaq;csufwpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREfkfyfwkdYtm;
ppfrSefaombmoma&;ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukdavmuDtnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfuif;pifatmif apmifhxdef;MuaMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/
þ avmuBuD;wGif pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;pGm &Sdaeonf/ ukd,fhukd,fukd
bmoma&; ukdif;½Idif;olrsm;tjzpfjrifaomfvnf; avmuDt&mrsm;ü
aMumhrdaeaomolrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf avmb? raumif;rI'kp½dkuf?
wyfrufjcif;pdwf? ypönf;Opömykdifqkdifjcif;ukd t"duxm;onfh0g'rsm;ESihf
½kef;uefaeMu&onf/ olwkdY\pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif r½kd;om;rajzmifhrSef
jcif;ukd toHk;jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf4if;wdkY\,HkMunfjcif;udktjyifyef;jzihf
jyo&mütvGefopöm&SdMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ausmif;ykHrSefwufí
toif;awmfütwkdif;twmwpfcktxd tapcHaumif;cHMurnfjzpfaomf
vnf; olwkdYonfþavmuukd ratmifEkdifMuyg/ &Sif,mukyfuuREkfyf
wkdYtm; xdkolwkdY\tjyifyef;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;vkH;onf tcsnf;ESD;
omjzpfaMumif;ajymjyonf/ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;&SdolwpfOD;onf
avmuDt&mrsm;tay:ü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\w&m;emy&dowfwkdYtm; or®mw&m;ukd od½kH
oufoufonfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;vIyf&Sm;usihfBuHrIrsm;ü yg0if
qifETJjcif;oufoufonfvnf;aumif; rvHkavmufyg[kajymcJhonf/ ppfrSef
aom,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\twGif;o@mefoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;
rdrdwdkY\vQmukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? tultnDvkdtyfaeaom
olrsm;ukd ulnDrpjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? tjypf'kp½kdufESihfavmuDpkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;tay:ü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;
jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pdwfESvkH;\tajctaersm;ESifhpyfvQif;í vQmuuREkfyfwkdYtm;
rnfonfht&mukd xkwfazmfjyoay;ygoenf;/ oifhukdoif
aemifw&aponfhpum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymcJhzl;ygovm;/ xkdt&m
onf oifhpdwfESvkH;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfht&mukd jyoay;
ygoenf;/
oifhteD;tem;&Sd tultnDvkdtyfaeaomolrsm;rSm rnfolwkdY
enf;/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdonfh ocifc&pfawmf\ pdwf
xm;rSmtb,fenf;/ olwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom oihfpdwfxm;rSm
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI56 57
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tb,fenf;/
þavmuBuD;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukdoifrnfrQ awGUBuHKcHpm;
ae&ygoenf;/ oifhtoufwmü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifaeonf[k
cHpm;&ygovm;/
vlwpfa,muf\ bk&m;ausmif;wufa&mufaomtBudrf ta&
twGufüaomfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd
jyKvkyfaomtBudrfta&twGufay:ü vnf;aumif;tajccHí
xkdol\0dnmOfa&;&m pD&ifqkH;jzwfjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh
tEÅ&m,f&Sdygoenf;/ 0dnmOfa&;&m tusihfvu©PmtwGuf
ppfrSefaom wdkif;wmppfaq;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUvQmukd tokH;jyKykHtay:ü wkd;íwkd;í csKyfwnf;Ekdifjcif;ukd
oihftm;ay;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oihfteD;tem;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd awGUjrifcHpm;Ekdif&ef oihf&JU
pdwfESvkH;ukdzGihf[ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ oihf&JU
vrf;c&D;ay:ü ocifbk&m;uxm;xm;aomoltwGuf ocifh\
ESvkH;om;ukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü oifvkH;yefowfykwfae&onfh tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
&Sdygovm;/ xkdt&mrsm;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukday;oem;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ tjypfukdjyKvkyfaeaom
oihfb0\ þtpdwftykdif;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü 0efcHtyfESHí
þtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;tm; oifpGJvrf;aejcif;ukd csKd;zsufacscGJay;zkdY
awmif;avQmufyg/
77
77
7
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
,mukyf 2;1-9 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf tvGefvufawGUqefygonf/ wref
awmfBuD;utoif;awmfxJü trSefwu,fjzpfysufaeonfh jyóemrsm;ukd
wkduf½kdufajymjycJhygonf/ þtykdif;wGif rsufESmvkdufjcif; jyóemukd
olukdifwG,fajz&Sif;cJhonf/ þusrf;csufukd ravhvmrDwGif rsufESmvkduf
jcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpOf;pm;okH;oyf&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhcsdefwGif
olonfvlwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjyifyef;toGifo@mefukdMunfhí a0zefqkH;
jzwfwwfMuonfh tjyKtrlukd &nfñTef;xm;cJhygonf/ rsufESmvkdufaom
olonf vlwpfOD;0wfpm;xm;aomt0wftpm; trsKd;tpm;ukdMunfhí
xdktcsufwGiftajccHNyD; xkdol\wefzkd;ukd qkH;jzwfokH;oyfaomoljzpfonf/
rsufESmvkdufjcif;onf tokdif;t0kdif;ü &mxl;*kPfyk'fjrifhrm;olrsm; (okdY)
aiGaMu;csrf;omolrsm;ukd rsufESmomay;í cGJjcm;qufqHonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif rsufESmvkdufjcif;onf rdom;pkaemufcHtajctae(okdY) tom;
a&mifay:wGiftajccHonf/ vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd pD&ifqkH;jzwfEkdifonfh
tjyifyef;vu©Pmajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdonf/
58
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tb,fenf;/
þavmuBuD;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukdoifrnfrQ awGUBuHKcHpm;
ae&ygoenf;/ oifhtoufwmü wkd;íwkd;íatmifEkdifaeonf[k
cHpm;&ygovm;/
vlwpfa,muf\ bk&m;ausmif;wufa&mufaomtBudrf ta&
twGufüaomfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd
jyKvkyfaomtBudrfta&twGufay:ü vnf;aumif;tajccHí
xkdol\0dnmOfa&;&m pD&ifqkH;jzwfjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh
tEÅ&m,f&Sdygoenf;/ 0dnmOfa&;&m tusihfvu©PmtwGuf
ppfrSefaom wdkif;wmppfaq;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUvQmukd tokH;jyKykHtay:ü wkd;íwkd;í csKyfwnf;Ekdifjcif;ukd
oihftm;ay;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oihfteD;tem;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd awGUjrifcHpm;Ekdif&ef oihf&JU
pdwfESvkH;ukdzGihf[ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ oihf&JU
vrf;c&D;ay:ü ocifbk&m;uxm;xm;aomoltwGuf ocifh\
ESvkH;om;ukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü oifvkH;yefowfykwfae&onfh tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
&Sdygovm;/ xkdt&mrsm;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukday;oem;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ tjypfukdjyKvkyfaeaom
oihfb0\ þtpdwftykdif;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü 0efcHtyfESHí
þtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;tm; oifpGJvrf;aejcif;ukd csKd;zsufacscGJay;zkdY
awmif;avQmufyg/
77
77
7
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf
,mukyf 2;1-9 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmonf tvGefvufawGUqefygonf/ wref
awmfBuD;utoif;awmfxJü trSefwu,fjzpfysufaeonfh jyóemrsm;ukd
wkduf½kdufajymjycJhygonf/ þtykdif;wGif rsufESmvkdufjcif; jyóemukd
olukdifwG,fajz&Sif;cJhonf/ þusrf;csufukd ravhvmrDwGif rsufESmvkduf
jcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpOf;pm;okH;oyf&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhcsdefwGif
olonfvlwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjyifyef;toGifo@mefukdMunfhí a0zefqkH;
jzwfwwfMuonfh tjyKtrlukd &nfñTef;xm;cJhygonf/ rsufESmvkdufaom
olonf vlwpfOD;0wfpm;xm;aomt0wftpm; trsKd;tpm;ukdMunfhí
xdktcsufwGiftajccHNyD; xkdol\wefzkd;ukd qkH;jzwfokH;oyfaomoljzpfonf/
rsufESmvkdufjcif;onf tokdif;t0kdif;ü &mxl;*kPfyk'fjrifhrm;olrsm; (okdY)
aiGaMu;csrf;omolrsm;ukd rsufESmomay;í cGJjcm;qufqHonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif rsufESmvkdufjcif;onf rdom;pkaemufcHtajctae(okdY) tom;
a&mifay:wGiftajccHonf/ vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd pD&ifqkH;jzwfEkdifonfh
tjyifyef;vu©Pmajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdonf/
58
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rsufESmvkdufjcif;ESihf vlwpfa,muftm; obm0tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY
cif;wG,fjcif;ukd cGJjcm;wwfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/ OyrmuREkfyfwkdYukd qGJaqmif
Edkifonfh xl;jcm;aom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;&Sdygonf/ toif;awmfü
vltcsKdUESihfuREkfyfwkdYtBudKufcsif;wlaumif;wlMurnf/ vltcsKdUukdtjcm;ol
rsm;xufykdí cifrifaumif;cifrifrnf/ ocifa,½Iukd,füyif tjcm;wynfh
awmfrsm;xuf wynfhawmftcsKdUukdykdí&if;ESD;oa,mif&SdcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdY
onfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfukd rusL;vGefbJ toif;awmfxJü xl;jcm;aom
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rsm;ukd &SdEkdifygonf/ oli,fcsif;qufqHa&;onf
qufqHa&;onf tBudKufcsif;wlrI? p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;wlrIESihf oufqkdif
onf/ rsufESmvkdufjcif;qkdonfrSm wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd 4if;\tjyifyef;
toGiftjyifütajccHí wefzkd;owfrSwfqkH;jzwfjcif;jzpfonf/
rsufESmvkdufjcif; (odkY) aMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom cHpm;csufjzihf
rkef;wD;rIonf tjypfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifa&SUwGif qif;&Jom;ESifhvlcsrf;om
\wefzkd;rSmtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf qif;&Jom;xuf
vlcsrf;om\ qkawmif;csufukdtajzay;&ef ykdírESpfoufcJhyg/ olonf
uREkfyfwkdY\vlrIa&; tqifhtwef;ukdrMunfhbJ tm;vkH;ukdem;anmifay;
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;vu©Pmrsm;tm;jzihf
pD&ifqkH;jzwfíaMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom rkef;wD;rIjzihfwkefYjyefaomtcg
uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhjyKrlusihfBuHaeMuonfr[kwfyg/
avmuDpHEIef; tm;jzihf xifjrifcsufay;aejcif;omjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;
onfrSm ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfh tm;avsmfpGmuREkfyf
wkdYonfrsufESmvkdufí cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;udkrvkyfoihfaMumif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMujcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf rsufESmrvkdufoihfjcif;wkdY\Mum;&Sd qufEG,frIukdowdjyKyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmf ocifbk&m;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYjyKrl
qufqHonfukdodxm;Muonf/ olwpfyg;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpD&ifowfrSwfcJhMu
onfhtwkdif;om ocifbk&m;uuREkfyfwkdYukd pD&ifowfrSwfvQif ,aeYwGif
uREkfyfwkdY rnfonfh ae&mü&SdaeMurnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtqkd;qkH;tajctae
ü&SdaeMupOfwGif ocifa,½Iu *½kPmawmftm;jzihf uREfkyfwkdYukdvufvSrf;
zrf;qkyfcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdYonf*½kPmw&m;ESihf rxkdufwefcsdefwGif
xkd*½kPmukd &&SdcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½Ionf qif;&Jcsrf;omESpfvTmpvkH;ukd
vufvSrf;zrf;qkyfcJhygonf/ olwkdY\tjyifyef;toGiftjyifrnfokdYyif
aeyg&Sdap? tokdif;t0kdif;ü rnfokdYyifMoZmanmif;Muygap? olwkdYtm;vkH;ukd
vufvSrf;zrf;qkyfcJhyg onf/ xkduJhokdYaomf aus;Zl;awmfukdvufcH&&SdcJhonfh
uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf teD;wpf0kdufrSvlwkdYtay:ütvm;wl oem;jcif;
*½kPmESihf cspfjcif;arwåmukdjyoMu&rnf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREfkyfwkdYESihf&if;ESD;rI&Sdaomtjzpf
tysufwpfckukd ajymqkd&if;Oyrmwpfckukd ay;cJhonf/ toif;awmf0wfjyK
tpnf;ta0;wpfckwGif vlwpfa,mufonf a&TvufpGyfESihfvSywifhw,f
qef;jym;aomt0wfukd 0wfqifí0ifvmNyD;? olYaemufwGifa[mif;EGrf;qkwf
NyJaomt0wfukd 0wfqifvsufqif;&Jom;wpfa,muf wpfqufwnf;
0ifa&mufvmonf/ wHcg;0wGif xkdolESpfa,mufukd EIwfqufaomolonf
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pdwful;Munfhyg/ olonfcsrf;omaomolukd toif;awmfxJrS taumif;qkH;
xkdifckHESihf*kPf,l0ifh<um;zG,f a&SUwef;wpfae&mwGif ae&may;onf/ xkdY
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf60 61
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rsufESmvkdufjcif;ESihf vlwpfa,muftm; obm0tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY
cif;wG,fjcif;ukd cGJjcm;wwfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/ OyrmuREkfyfwkdYukd qGJaqmif
Edkifonfh xl;jcm;aom p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;&Sdygonf/ toif;awmfü
vltcsKdUESihfuREkfyfwkdYtBudKufcsif;wlaumif;wlMurnf/ vltcsKdUukdtjcm;ol
rsm;xufykdí cifrifaumif;cifrifrnf/ ocifa,½Iukd,füyif tjcm;wynfh
awmfrsm;xuf wynfhawmftcsKdUukdykdí&if;ESD;oa,mif&SdcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdY
onfrsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypfukd rusL;vGefbJ toif;awmfxJü xl;jcm;aom
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rsm;ukd &SdEkdifygonf/ oli,fcsif;qufqHa&;onf
qufqHa&;onf tBudKufcsif;wlrI? p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;wlrIESihf oufqkdif
onf/ rsufESmvkdufjcif;qkdonfrSm wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd 4if;\tjyifyef;
toGiftjyifütajccHí wefzkd;owfrSwfqkH;jzwfjcif;jzpfonf/
rsufESmvkdufjcif; (odkY) aMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom cHpm;csufjzihf
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\wefzkd;rSmtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf qif;&Jom;xuf
vlcsrf;om\ qkawmif;csufukdtajzay;&ef ykdírESpfoufcJhyg/ olonf
uREkfyfwkdY\vlrIa&; tqifhtwef;ukdrMunfhbJ tm;vkH;ukdem;anmifay;
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;vu©Pmrsm;tm;jzihf
pD&ifqkH;jzwfíaMumif;usKd;rqDavsmfaom rkef;wD;rIjzihfwkefYjyefaomtcg
uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhjyKrlusihfBuHaeMuonfr[kwfyg/
avmuDpHEIef; tm;jzihf xifjrifcsufay;aejcif;omjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;
onfrSm ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfh tm;avsmfpGmuREkfyf
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uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMujcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf rsufESmrvkdufoihfjcif;wkdY\Mum;&Sd qufEG,frIukdowdjyKyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmf ocifbk&m;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYjyKrl
qufqHonfukdodxm;Muonf/ olwpfyg;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpD&ifowfrSwfcJhMu
onfhtwkdif;om ocifbk&m;uuREkfyfwkdYukd pD&ifowfrSwfvQif ,aeYwGif
uREkfyfwkdY rnfonfh ae&mü&SdaeMurnfenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtqkd;qkH;tajctae
ü&SdaeMupOfwGif ocifa,½Iu *½kPmawmftm;jzihf uREfkyfwkdYukdvufvSrf;
zrf;qkyfcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdYonf*½kPmw&m;ESihf rxkdufwefcsdefwGif
xkd*½kPmukd &&SdcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½Ionf qif;&Jcsrf;omESpfvTmpvkH;ukd
vufvSrf;zrf;qkyfcJhygonf/ olwkdY\tjyifyef;toGiftjyifrnfokdYyif
aeyg&Sdap? tokdif;t0kdif;ü rnfokdYyifMoZmanmif;Muygap? olwkdYtm;vkH;ukd
vufvSrf;zrf;qkyfcJhyg onf/ xkduJhokdYaomf aus;Zl;awmfukdvufcH&&SdcJhonfh
uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf teD;wpf0kdufrSvlwkdYtay:ütvm;wl oem;jcif;
*½kPmESihf cspfjcif;arwåmukdjyoMu&rnf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREfkyfwkdYESihf&if;ESD;rI&Sdaomtjzpf
tysufwpfckukd ajymqkd&if;Oyrmwpfckukd ay;cJhonf/ toif;awmf0wfjyK
tpnf;ta0;wpfckwGif vlwpfa,mufonf a&TvufpGyfESihfvSywifhw,f
qef;jym;aomt0wfukd 0wfqifí0ifvmNyD;? olYaemufwGifa[mif;EGrf;qkwf
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xkdifckHESihf*kPf,l0ifh<um;zG,f a&SUwef;wpfae&mwGif ae&may;onf/ xkdY
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf60 61
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ay:üxkdif&efajymvkdufonf/
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&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ csrf;om<u,f0í MoZmt&Sdeft0gBuD;
olrsm;onf tenf;om&SdaomolwkdYxufykdí ta&;ygonf[laom
,kwfnHhonfh pdwf"gwfukdxkwfazmfaeMuygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdY
onf csrf;omaomolrsm;ukdom aygif;oif;{nfhcHí qif;&Jom;rsm;ukd
a&SmifMuOfygu tjypfukdusL;vGefaeMuaMumif;ajymxm;onf/ bk&m;ocif
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tjrifwGif ty,fcHrsm;jzpfMuaomlrsm;ukd u,fwifítBuD;tus,f
tokH;jyKcJhonf/
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aomtcsufrsm;wGif tajcrcHxm;aomaMumifh ,aeYwGifolYukdaus;Zl;wif
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ocifa,½Irdrd\omoemvkyfief;ukd pwifcsdefwGifwHigonfrsm;ESihf
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vkdcsdefwGif ocifa,½IucGihfvTwfay;cJhonf/ tjcm;,k'vlrsm;u &Srm&d
trsKd;orD;ESihfvkH;0 rywfoufcsif;aomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf olrESihf
awGUqkHpum;ajymcJhonf/ tokdif;t0kdif;ü txiftjrifao;cH&onfh
olrsm;ukd ocifa,½Ivufurf;í qufqHcJhaMumif;Oyrmrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
ocifa,½Ionf olwkdY\jzpfwnfaerItwkdif; olwkdYukdcspfcJhonf/ þty,f
cHrsm;tm;jzihf tvGefxda&mufaomt&mrsm;ukd ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhonf/
þolwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;ü ckdifcHhvmcJhMuNyD; bk&m;ocif\tjrifwGif
tvGefwefzkd;&SdcJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; csrf;omaomolrsm;u
4if;wkdYukdrnfokdYtokH;csí acgif;ykHjzwfaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
tvGefvlom;qefaomtjrifrSMunfhvQif csrf;omaomolrsm;pGmonf
4if;wkdY\tawG;ESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGif raumif;rIrsm;ESifhomjynfhae
aMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ þcsrf;omaomolrsm;ukd rsufESmomay;íqufqH
jcif;jzihf ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdacgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfaeaom
olrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdYukd w&m;½kH;okdYqGJac:oGm;olrsm;ukd *kPfjyKaeMuygonf/
þcsrf;omaomolrsm;pGmonf ocifbk&m;\emrawmfukd apmfum;aeMu
onf/ olwkdYonfaiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpöm,pfrl;jcif;wkdYü
aMumhrdaeMuNyD;? bk&m;ociftm;olwkdYvkdtyfaeonfhtjzpfukd rjrifEkdifMu
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf62 63
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aemufqif;&Jom;ukd vSrf;MunfhíwHcg;0wGif rwfwyf&yf&ef(okdY) Murf;jyif
ay:üxkdif&efajymvkdufonf/
tcef;i,f 4 wGif &Sif,mukyfu vlwkdYukdxkdtwkdif;qufqHjyKrl
vQif uREkfyfwkdYonfolwkdY\wefzkd;ukd qHk;jzwfowfrSwfaejcif;jzpfaMumif;
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ csrf;om<u,f0í MoZmt&Sdeft0gBuD;
olrsm;onf tenf;om&SdaomolwkdYxufykdí ta&;ygonf[laom
,kwfnHhonfh pdwf"gwfukdxkwfazmfaeMuygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdY
onf csrf;omaomolrsm;ukdom aygif;oif;{nfhcHí qif;&Jom;rsm;ukd
a&SmifMuOfygu tjypfukdusL;vGefaeMuaMumif;ajymxm;onf/ bk&m;ocif
\ wefzkd;owfrSwfcsufrsm;onf uREfkfyfwkdYowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihfrwlyg/
bk&mocifonf tjyifyef;rSt&mukdrMunfhyg/ pdwfESvkH;ukdomMunfhyg
onf/ toif;awmforkdif;wpfavQmufvkH;wGif bk&m;ocifonfþavmu
BuD;\tjrifü wefzkd;tenf;i,fom&Sdaomolrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fíxkdolwkdY
tm;jzihf tHhzG,fBuD;rm;aomt&mrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ tokdif;t0kdif;\
tjrifwGif ty,fcHrsm;jzpfMuaomlrsm;ukd u,fwifítBuD;tus,f
tokH;jyKcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\wefzkd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYbPfüaiGrnfrQ
tyfESHxm;onf(okdY) tokdif;t0kdif;ü MoZmt&Sdeft0grnfrQBuD;onf[l
aomtcsufrsm;wGif tajcrcHxm;aomaMumifh ,aeYwGifolYukdaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;&eftb,frQ vkdtyfygoenf;/ ocifa,½IþavmuokdY <uqif;
vmcsdefu olonfvuform;q&m\om;tjzpf <uqif;vmcJhonf/ þ
vuform;tvkyfonf tokdif;t0kdif;xJü edrfhusaomomrefvkyfief;wpfck
jzpfonf/ rm&dESihfa,moyfwkdYonf rnfonfhenf;vrf;ESihfrqkd csrf;om
aomolrsm;r[kwfcJhMuyg/ ocifa,½Ionf AufvifNrdKUü zGm;jrifcJhNyD;? xkdNrdKU
onftzufzufrSMunfhvQif txiftjrifao;cH&aomNrdKUuav;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Irdrd\omoemvkyfief;ukd pwifcsdefwGifwHigonfrsm;ESihf
tcGefcHrsm;ukd rdrd\wynhfawmfrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ umr*kPf
azmufjyefjcif;trIü zrf;rdaomtrsKd;orD;ukd tjcm;olrsm;u taoowf
vkdcsdefwGif ocifa,½IucGihfvTwfay;cJhonf/ tjcm;,k'vlrsm;u &Srm&d
trsKd;orD;ESihfvkH;0 rywfoufcsif;aomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf olrESihf
awGUqkHpum;ajymcJhonf/ tokdif;t0kdif;ü txiftjrifao;cH&onfh
olrsm;ukd ocifa,½Ivufurf;í qufqHcJhaMumif;Oyrmrsm;pGm&Sdonf/
ocifa,½Ionf olwkdY\jzpfwnfaerItwkdif; olwkdYukdcspfcJhonf/ þty,f
cHrsm;tm;jzihf tvGefxda&mufaomt&mrsm;ukd ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhonf/
þolwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;ü ckdifcHhvmcJhMuNyD; bk&m;ocif\tjrifwGif
tvGefwefzkd;&SdcJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; csrf;omaomolrsm;u
4if;wkdYukdrnfokdYtokH;csí acgif;ykHjzwfaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
tvGefvlom;qefaomtjrifrSMunfhvQif csrf;omaomolrsm;pGmonf
4if;wkdY\tawG;ESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGif raumif;rIrsm;ESifhomjynfhae
aMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ þcsrf;omaomolrsm;ukd rsufESmomay;íqufqH
jcif;jzihf ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdacgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfaeaom
olrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdYukd w&m;½kH;okdYqGJac:oGm;olrsm;ukd *kPfjyKaeMuygonf/
þcsrf;omaomolrsm;pGmonf ocifbk&m;\emrawmfukd apmfum;aeMu
onf/ olwkdYonfaiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpöm,pfrl;jcif;wkdYü
aMumhrdaeMuNyD;? bk&m;ociftm;olwkdYvkdtyfaeonfhtjzpfukd rjrifEkdifMu
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf62 63
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
awmhyg/ toif;awmfonf 4if;wkdYudkzdESdyfaeaomolrsm;tm;rsufESm
omay;íqufqHaeMucsdefwGif xkdolwkdYonfbk&m;ocifu *kPf,l tav;
xm;aomqif;&Jom;rsm;ukd zdESdyfaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonfvlwkdYukd
bk&m;ocifu ½Ijrifonfhtwkdif; rjrifcJhMuyg/
tcef;i,f 8 uREkfyfwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukd ukd,fESihftrQ
cspfvQifaumif;aom tusihfukdusifhaeMuaMumif; today;xm;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukdcspfouJhodkY qif;&Jom;ESihfcsrf;omolrsm;ukd cspfzdkY oif
,lMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd jyKpkapmifha&SmufMuouJhokdYolwkdYukdvnf;
jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;&rnf/ ]]ightay:rSm 'DvlYukdb,fvkdqufqHapcsif
ovJ}} [laom ar;cGef;ukdar;&ygrnf/ xkdar;cGef;BuD;ajzMum;NyD;aemufwGif
xkdtajztwkdif; xkdolYukdqufqHjyKrl&ygrnf/ odkYaomfrsufESmvkduf cGJjcm;
qufqHygu uREkfyfwkdYonftjypfukd usL;vGefMuíuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ynwfw&m;ukd csKd;azmufaomtjypf&SdMuygonf (i,f 9)/
þusrf;csufykd'f\ pdefac:csufrSm vlwkdYukdocifa,½I ½Ijrifonfh
twkdif; ½Ijrif&efoif,lzkdYjzpfonf/ vlwkdYukd4if;wdkY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyif
ütajccHí wkdif;wmqkH;jzwfjcif;onf tawG;wdrfítjrifusOf;aom
vkyf&yfjzpfum avmuDom;rsm;wdkif;twkdif; usihfBuHjcif;omjzpfonf/ þ
onf rSm bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcsawmif;yef&ef vdktyfaomtjypfjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYuREkfyfwkdY\ acwfumvü vlwkdYukdokH;oyfwkdif;wm&ef tokH;
jyKaomaMumif;usKd;qDavsmfrIr&Sdonfh pHcsdefpHEIef;tcsKdUum;
tb,fenf;/
rdwfaqGjzpfjcif;ESihf rsufESmvkdufjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,f
enf;/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdY pD&ifoenf;/
vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyifü tajccHí pD&ifqkH;jzwf
jcif;tjypfukd usL;vGefcJhzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyay;yg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyifü tajccHí oifqkH;jzwf
pD&ifcJhaomtcsdefrsm;ukd ykdíowdjyKrdvmapzkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdcspfí oifh&JUvlrIa&;tqifhtwef;(okdY)
bPftyfaiGpm&if;wdkYtay:ü tajccHí rpD&ifcJhjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
tokdif;t0kdif;xJrS vlrIa&;ty,fcHrsm;\ wefzkd;ukd odjrifEkdif&ef
oihf&JUESvkH;om;ukd zGifh[ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYjzpfwnfrItwkdif; ocifbk&m;utokH;jyKEkdifjcif;aMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oihf&JUcsKdU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm; tm;vkH;ESihf
twloifhukdoif ay;tyfqufoyg/
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf64 65
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
awmhyg/ toif;awmfonf 4if;wkdYudkzdESdyfaeaomolrsm;tm;rsufESm
omay;íqufqHaeMucsdefwGif xkdolwkdYonfbk&m;ocifu *kPf,l tav;
xm;aomqif;&Jom;rsm;ukd zdESdyfaeMuygonf/ olwkdYonfvlwkdYukd
bk&m;ocifu ½Ijrifonfhtwkdif; rjrifcJhMuyg/
tcef;i,f 8 uREkfyfwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;ukd ukd,fESihftrQ
cspfvQifaumif;aom tusihfukdusifhaeMuaMumif; today;xm;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukdcspfouJhodkY qif;&Jom;ESihfcsrf;omolrsm;ukd cspfzdkY oif
,lMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd jyKpkapmifha&SmufMuouJhokdYolwkdYukdvnf;
jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;&rnf/ ]]ightay:rSm 'DvlYukdb,fvkdqufqHapcsif
ovJ}} [laom ar;cGef;ukdar;&ygrnf/ xkdar;cGef;BuD;ajzMum;NyD;aemufwGif
xkdtajztwkdif; xkdolYukdqufqHjyKrl&ygrnf/ odkYaomfrsufESmvkduf cGJjcm;
qufqHygu uREkfyfwkdYonftjypfukd usL;vGefMuíuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ynwfw&m;ukd csKd;azmufaomtjypf&SdMuygonf (i,f 9)/
þusrf;csufykd'f\ pdefac:csufrSm vlwkdYukdocifa,½I ½Ijrifonfh
twkdif; ½Ijrif&efoif,lzkdYjzpfonf/ vlwkdYukd4if;wdkY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyif
ütajccHí wkdif;wmqkH;jzwfjcif;onf tawG;wdrfítjrifusOf;aom
vkyf&yfjzpfum avmuDom;rsm;wdkif;twkdif; usihfBuHjcif;omjzpfonf/ þ
onf rSm bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcsawmif;yef&ef vdktyfaomtjypfjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYuREkfyfwkdY\ acwfumvü vlwkdYukdokH;oyfwkdif;wm&ef tokH;
jyKaomaMumif;usKd;qDavsmfrIr&Sdonfh pHcsdefpHEIef;tcsKdUum;
tb,fenf;/
rdwfaqGjzpfjcif;ESihf rsufESmvkdufjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,f
enf;/
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vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyifü tajccHí pD&ifqkH;jzwf
jcif;tjypfukd usL;vGefcJhzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyay;yg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vlwkdYukd4if;wkdY\ tjyifyef;toGiftjyifü tajccHí oifqkH;jzwf
pD&ifcJhaomtcsdefrsm;ukd ykdíowdjyKrdvmapzkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdcspfí oifh&JUvlrIa&;tqifhtwef;(okdY)
bPftyfaiGpm&if;wdkYtay:ü tajccHí rpD&ifcJhjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
tokdif;t0kdif;xJrS vlrIa&;ty,fcHrsm;\ wefzkd;ukd odjrifEkdif&ef
oihf&JUESvkH;om;ukd zGifh[ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYjzpfwnfrItwkdif; ocifbk&m;utokH;jyKEkdifjcif;aMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oihf&JUcsKdU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm; tm;vkH;ESihf
twloifhukdoif ay;tyfqufoyg/
rsufESmvkdufjcif;tjypf64 65
88
88
8
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;
,mukyf 2;10-13 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYESihfbk&m;ocif
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukdvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdYESihftdrfeD;csif;wkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;
rIukdvnf;aumif; pdefac:cJhonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufcGJJjcm;qufqHjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;onf
bk&m;ocif\tjrifü tjypf'kp½kduftrIwpfckjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jycJhonf/
xkdokdYr[kwfvQif ol\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYu aMumif;usKd;qDavsmfrIr&Sdaom
tmCmww&m;onf tjcm;tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;avmuf jyif;xefrIr&Sd[k
xifrSwfEkdifMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\ ynwfcsufrsm;xJrS
wpfyg;yg;ukd csKd;azmufjcif;onf ynwfawmftm;vkH;ukd csKd;azmuf&m
a&mufaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/
ynwfawmfwpfyg;ukd csKd;azmufaomolukd ynwfawmfrsm;
tm;vkH;tm; csKd;azmufaomtjypf&Sdygonf[k rnfokdYajymEkdifrnfenf;/
oifwkdYonf"r®oHpkHoDcsif;wpfyk'fukd oDqkdaeMuonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
xkd"r®oDcsif;oHpkHusL;jcif;ü wD;vkH;oHpOftwkdif; roDqkdEkdifaomolwpfOD;
vnf;yg0ifcJhonf/ olonfrnfokdYyif cufcufcJcJBudK;pm;aeumrl tjcm;
88
88
8
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;
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*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;
,mukyf 2;10-13 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYESihfbk&m;ocif
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukdvnf;aumif;? 4if;wkdYESihftdrfeD;csif;wkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;
rIukdvnf;aumif; pdefac:cJhonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufcGJJjcm;qufqHjcif;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvkdufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;onf
bk&m;ocif\tjrifü tjypf'kp½kduftrIwpfckjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jycJhonf/
xkdokdYr[kwfvQif ol\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYu aMumif;usKd;qDavsmfrIr&Sdaom
tmCmww&m;onf tjcm;tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;avmuf jyif;xefrIr&Sd[k
xifrSwfEkdifMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\ ynwfcsufrsm;xJrS
wpfyg;yg;ukd csKd;azmufjcif;onf ynwfawmftm;vkH;ukd csKd;azmuf&m
a&mufaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/
ynwfawmfwpfyg;ukd csKd;azmufaomolukd ynwfawmfrsm;
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oifwkdYonf"r®oHpkHoDcsif;wpfyk'fukd oDqkdaeMuonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
xkd"r®oDcsif;oHpkHusL;jcif;ü wD;vkH;oHpOftwkdif; roDqkdEkdifaomolwpfOD;
vnf;yg0ifcJhonf/ olonfrnfokdYyif cufcufcJcJBudK;pm;aeumrl tjcm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tzGJU0ifrsm;ESihf qDavsmfvkdufzufatmif roDqkdEkdifjzpfaeonf/ tajz
&vm'frSmrnfokdYjzpfrnfenf;/ oDcsif;wpfyk'fvkH;udkxdckdufygonf/ oDqkd
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zsufqD;vkdufygonf/ okdYr[kwf oifa&SU&SdpmyGJay:ü a&wpfcGufukd oifwif
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ukdoGefypf&ygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm tqdyf&nftenf;i,fonf a&wpf
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ukdwpfoD;wpfjcm;pDrcGJEkdifyg/ oifhvufukdwpfckckESihf ½kdufrdzl;ygovm;/
oif&JUajcrukdwpfckkckESihfwkdufrdzl;ygovm;/ xkdokdYjzpfzl;ygu oufa&mufrI
ukd xdckdufrdaomae&mwpf0kdufüom cHpm;&ygovm;/ ukd,fcE¨mwpfckvkH;ü
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xkwfazmfcsufwpfckukd jyKvkyfxm;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwf
y&dwfowfwkdYtm; *½kPmr&Sdaomolonf *½kPmuif;rJhaomw&m;pD&if
jcif;jzihf pD&ifcH&íxkd*½kPmonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd tEkdif&onf[kajym
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYu vlwpfa,mufukdrnfokdYjyKrlqufqHonfukd bk&m;
ocifodonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tmCmww&m;ukdvnf;odonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;tem;rSvlrsm;tay:ü tvm;wlMuifemwwfrIukd jyo&ef qE´r&SdvQif
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf *½kPmw&m;ukdem;vnfzkdY rnfokdY
arQmfvifhEkdifrnfenf;/ tjcm;olrsm;ukd w&m;pD&if&mü uREkfyfwkdYtokH;jyK
aompHcsdefpHñTef;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; w&m;pD&ifrnfhtaMumif;
&Sif,mukyfu ajymxm;onf (róJ 6;12-14? 1ay 3;7ukdMunfhyg)/
þusrf;ykd'frsm;\ ykdíus,fjyefYaomusrf;abmiftquftpyfwGif
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvdkufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;ESihf tjyifyef;toGiftjyifukd
MunfhívlwkdYukdw&m;pD&ifjcif;wdkYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmfukd remcHbJ? ZmwdpdwfudkemcH&ef
a&G;cs,fMuonf/ þokdYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mü tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf a0zefpD&ifjcif;(okdY)
txifao;jcif;rsm;ukd tvG,fwuljyKvkyfEkdifMuonf/ *½kPmw&m;onf
w&m;pD&ifjcif;xufykdíykdí tpGrf;xufaMumif;ukd þusrf;csufu uREkfyf
wdkYtm;today;xm;onf/ toif;awmftwGif;ü&Sdaom tjypfukdaxmufjy
a0zefwwfaom pdwf"gwfESihfxifjrifqkH;jzwfpD&ifwwfaompdwf"gwfrsm;
aMumifh ocifbk&m;ukdausmckdif;oGm;Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd uREkfyfjrifzl;
onf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; vrf;aysmufaeolwpfOD;\ toufwmü
cspfjcif;arwåmutjypfw&m;\tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukdvnf;awGUBuHKzl;
ygonf/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;us½IH;aomae&mwGif *½kPmw&m;uatmifEkdif
jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmEkdifygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocifh EIwf
uywfawmf\ or®mw&m;üavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf
\vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ü emcHavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;aumif; oif,lMuzkdY
qifhac:xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;72 73
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ykdYaqmifzdkYa&mufvmygonf/ bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;aom toufwmjzihf
&SifoefEkdifaomtpGrf;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;&ef a&mufvmygonf/ rdrdwdkY
txJü bk&m;ocihf0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdodaomolrsm;\
pdwfESvkH;ESihf tawG;xJwGif bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfkd a&;om;xm;vQuf
&Sdonf/ Zmwdpdwfonf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; qefYusifaeaomfvnf; ,kHMunfolrsm;
onf4if;wkdYtxJü udef;0yfawmfrlaom ocifc&pfawmf&JU 0dnmOfawmf\
OD;aqmifjcif;? vrf;jyjcif;ESihfuG,fumapmifhray;jcif;wkdYtwkdif; touf
wmukd &SifoefMuygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf olwkdYukdaphaqmfí bk&m;ocihf
EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;udkem;vnfjcif;xJokdY vrf;jyaqmif,loGm;yg
onf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\a&mif;&if;,kHMunfolwkdYtm; þtajccHt
aMumif;t&if;rsm;ay:üwnfNyD; w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&rnfholrsm;ozG,f ajym
qkdMu&efajymcJhonf/ olwkdY\txJü udef;0yfawmfrlaom bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOfawmftm; emcHjcif;tay:ü wnfívnf;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmfrIwf
oGif;awmfrlaom or®mw&m;tm;emcHjcif;tay:üwnfívnf;aumif;
w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk cHMu&ygrnf/
tcef;i,f 13 wGif &Sif,mukyfu tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdaom
xkwfazmfcsufwpfckukd jyKvkyfxm;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwf
y&dwfowfwkdYtm; *½kPmr&Sdaomolonf *½kPmuif;rJhaomw&m;pD&if
jcif;jzihf pD&ifcH&íxkd*½kPmonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd tEkdif&onf[kajym
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYu vlwpfa,mufukdrnfokdYjyKrlqufqHonfukd bk&m;
ocifodonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tmCmww&m;ukdvnf;odonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
teD;tem;rSvlrsm;tay:ü tvm;wlMuifemwwfrIukd jyo&ef qE´r&SdvQif
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf *½kPmw&m;ukdem;vnfzkdY rnfokdY
arQmfvifhEkdifrnfenf;/ tjcm;olrsm;ukd w&m;pD&if&mü uREkfyfwkdYtokH;jyK
aompHcsdefpHñTef;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; w&m;pD&ifrnfhtaMumif;
&Sif,mukyfu ajymxm;onf (róJ 6;12-14? 1ay 3;7ukdMunfhyg)/
þusrf;ykd'frsm;\ ykdíus,fjyefYaomusrf;abmiftquftpyfwGif
&Sif,mukyfu rsufESmvdkufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;ESihf tjyifyef;toGiftjyifukd
MunfhívlwkdYukdw&m;pD&ifjcif;wdkYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmfukd remcHbJ? ZmwdpdwfudkemcH&ef
a&G;cs,fMuonf/ þokdYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mü tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf a0zefpD&ifjcif;(okdY)
txifao;jcif;rsm;ukd tvG,fwuljyKvkyfEkdifMuonf/ *½kPmw&m;onf
w&m;pD&ifjcif;xufykdíykdí tpGrf;xufaMumif;ukd þusrf;csufu uREkfyf
wdkYtm;today;xm;onf/ toif;awmftwGif;ü&Sdaom tjypfukdaxmufjy
a0zefwwfaom pdwf"gwfESihfxifjrifqkH;jzwfpD&ifwwfaompdwf"gwfrsm;
aMumifh ocifbk&m;ukdausmckdif;oGm;Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd uREkfyfjrifzl;
onf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; vrf;aysmufaeolwpfOD;\ toufwmü
cspfjcif;arwåmutjypfw&m;\tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukdvnf;awGUBuHKzl;
ygonf/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;us½IH;aomae&mwGif *½kPmw&m;uatmifEkdif
jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmEkdifygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu þusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocifh EIwf
uywfawmf\ or®mw&m;üavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf
\vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ü emcHavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;aumif; oif,lMuzkdY
qifhac:xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;72 73
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;atmufü &SifoefaexkdifMuonfhtwkdif; bk&m;
ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd cH&rnfholrsm;uJhokdY ajymqkd xkdifMu&rnfjzpf
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu rIwfoGif;xm;aom
pum;vkH;rsm;ukdajymMuygovm; (okdY) qkd;npf,kwfnHhaom vlpdwfESvkH;rS
ajymMum;aeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyOD;aqmifrItwkdif; vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifMuygovm; (okdY) oDvrJhaom
wyfrufjcif;rsm;(okdY) aphaqmfrIrsm;tm;jzihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifMuygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmf xif&Sm;aprnfh
vrf;rsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifzkdY a&mufvmygonf/ olonf uREkfyf
wkdYukdwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;rnfokdY ajymqkdqufqH&rnfukd oGefoif ay;ygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm;ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;
ESihfwpfOD; qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd tusKd;oufa&mufapvdrfhrnf [kajymjyxm;
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\ynwfcsufukd cHpm;em;vnfí
uREfkyfwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfapaomt&mESihf ajymapaomt&mudk
cHpm;em;vnf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ EIwfxGufpum;vkH;rsm;ESihf vkyf
aqmifrIrsm;tm;vkH;wGif bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
aphaqmfjcif;tm;jzihf ajymqkdvkyfaqmifaMumif;ukd aocsmaeap&rnf/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf\OD;aqmifjcif;cH ,kHMunf
jcif;jzpfí 4if;onfaeYpOfaeYwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYESihf uRekfyfwkdYxdawGU&aom
olrsm;\ qufqHa&;rsm;ukd tusKd;oufa&mufrIjzpfapygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfukd tpdwftykdif;wpfckpDjzihf r½IjrifbJ
pkpnf;xm;rIwpfcktjzpf ½Ijrif&eftb,fhaMumihf ta&;BuD;
oenf;/
ynwfcsufwpfckukd remcHjcif;onf ynwfcsuftm;vkH;ukd remcH
jcif;jzpfaMumif; rnfokdYajymEkdifoenf;/
vGwfvyfjcif;ukday;aom ynwfawmfrSm tb,fenf;/ 4if;onf
"r®a[mif;usrf;&Sd ynwfawmfESihfrnfokdY uGJjym;oenf;/
&Sif,mukyfu *½kPmw&m;onf w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd atmifEkdif
onf[k ajymcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhoenf;/
,aeYwGif *½kPmw&m;ukd oiftaejzihfjyoay;zdkY vkdtyfonfh
olrsm;&Sdygovm;/ xkdolwkdYum; rnfolwkdYenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu oGefoifívrf;jyay;onfh tajym
tqkdESihfvkyfaqmifjcif;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;ü &Sdaeaom
olrsm;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqHa&;ukd rnfokdYtusKd;oufa&mufap
ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ukdom uREkfyf
wkdYemcHvkdufavQmufMuvQif qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü rnfonfhxl;jcm;
rIrsm;jzpfvmrnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfa<u;ukd ay;qyfzkdYESihf bk&m;
ocifxHodkY oGm;&mvrf;ukd ay;urf;zdkY qif;<uvmcJhjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;74 75
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;atmufü &SifoefaexkdifMuonfhtwkdif; bk&m;
ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd cH&rnfholrsm;uJhokdY ajymqkd xkdifMu&rnfjzpf
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu rIwfoGif;xm;aom
pum;vkH;rsm;ukdajymMuygovm; (okdY) qkd;npf,kwfnHhaom vlpdwfESvkH;rS
ajymMum;aeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\
vrf;jyOD;aqmifrItwkdif; vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifMuygovm; (okdY) oDvrJhaom
wyfrufjcif;rsm;(okdY) aphaqmfrIrsm;tm;jzihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifMuygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmf xif&Sm;aprnfh
vrf;rsm;ü uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifzkdY a&mufvmygonf/ olonf uREkfyf
wkdYukdwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;rnfokdY ajymqkdqufqH&rnfukd oGefoif ay;ygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm;ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYwpfOD;
ESihfwpfOD; qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd tusKd;oufa&mufapvdrfhrnf [kajymjyxm;
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\ynwfcsufukd cHpm;em;vnfí
uREfkyfwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfapaomt&mESihf ajymapaomt&mudk
cHpm;em;vnf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ EIwfxGufpum;vkH;rsm;ESihf vkyf
aqmifrIrsm;tm;vkH;wGif bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
aphaqmfjcif;tm;jzihf ajymqkdvkyfaqmifaMumif;ukd aocsmaeap&rnf/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf\OD;aqmifjcif;cH ,kHMunf
jcif;jzpfí 4if;onfaeYpOfaeYwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYESihf uRekfyfwkdYxdawGU&aom
olrsm;\ qufqHa&;rsm;ukd tusKd;oufa&mufrIjzpfapygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfukd tpdwftykdif;wpfckpDjzihf r½IjrifbJ
pkpnf;xm;rIwpfcktjzpf ½Ijrif&eftb,fhaMumihf ta&;BuD;
oenf;/
ynwfcsufwpfckukd remcHjcif;onf ynwfcsuftm;vkH;ukd remcH
jcif;jzpfaMumif; rnfokdYajymEkdifoenf;/
vGwfvyfjcif;ukday;aom ynwfawmfrSm tb,fenf;/ 4if;onf
"r®a[mif;usrf;&Sd ynwfawmfESihfrnfokdY uGJjym;oenf;/
&Sif,mukyfu *½kPmw&m;onf w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd atmifEkdif
onf[k ajymcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdcJhoenf;/
,aeYwGif *½kPmw&m;ukd oiftaejzihfjyoay;zdkY vkdtyfonfh
olrsm;&Sdygovm;/ xkdolwkdYum; rnfolwkdYenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu oGefoifívrf;jyay;onfh tajym
tqkdESihfvkyfaqmifjcif;wkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;ü &Sdaeaom
olrsm;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqHa&;ukd rnfokdYtusKd;oufa&mufap
ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ukdom uREkfyf
wkdYemcHvkdufavQmufMuvQif qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü rnfonfhxl;jcm;
rIrsm;jzpfvmrnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfa<u;ukd ay;qyfzkdYESihf bk&m;
ocifxHodkY oGm;&mvrf;ukd ay;urf;zdkY qif;<uvmcJhjcif;twGuf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
*½kPmw&m;ESihf pD&ifjcif;w&m;74 75
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oihftoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
OD;aqmifjcif;ykdí jynfhpkHwGifem;axmifcHpm;wwf&ef pGrf;aqmif
ay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmfESihf vdkufavsmnDaxGrI &SdpGm
avQmufvSrf;&Sifoefjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
ajymif;vJoGm;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
*½kPmw&m;ukd ykdrkdíjyoEkdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xH
üawmif;avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;xHü *½kPmw&m;ukd rjyocJh
onfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYukd tvGefvufawGUusaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf vrf;jyOD;
aqmifapzkdY rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xnfhay;xm;
jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
99
99
9
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv
,mukyf 2;14-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þusrf;csufonf &Sifa,mukyfMo0g'pmü txif&Sm;qkH;usrf;csuf
jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/ þae&mwGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihf
wkdY\ qufEG,frItaMumif;ukd tvGefxda&mufpGma&;cJhonf/ &Sif,mukyf
t"dutav;xm;aomt&mrSm vlwkdYurdrdwkdY,kHMunfygonf[kajymaom
t&mukd vufawGUvkyfrvkyfodjrifMu&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ,kHMunfjcif;
&Sdygonf[k ajymqkd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulNyD;? xkd,kHMunfjcif;udk vufawGU
toufwmü oufaojy&efrSm tvGefcufcJygonf/ þae&mü wref
awmf,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycsifaomt&mukd Munfh½IavhvmMunfh
MuygpkdY/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 14ü tvGefta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;
wpfckukd ar;jcif;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/
]]ignDtpfukdwkdY? wpfpkHwpfa,mufaomolu igonf,kHMunfjcif;
\[kajymvQuf? tusihfukdrusifhbJaevQif tb,ftusKd;&Sdo
enf;/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;onf xkdolukdu,fwifEkdifoavm/}}
þusrf;ykd'fonf "r®tawG;tac:ynm&Sifrsm;twGuf jyóem
rsm;ukd zefwD;cJhonf/ tcsKdUu&Sif,mukyfonf tusihftm;jzihfu,fwif
76
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oihftoufwmü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyjcif;ESihf
OD;aqmifjcif;ykdí jynfhpkHwGifem;axmifcHpm;wwf&ef pGrf;aqmif
ay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ 0dnmOfawmfESihf vdkufavsmnDaxGrI &SdpGm
avQmufvSrf;&Sifoefjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
ajymif;vJoGm;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
*½kPmw&m;ukd ykdrkdíjyoEkdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xH
üawmif;avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;xHü *½kPmw&m;ukd rjyocJh
onfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYukd tvGefvufawGUusaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf vrf;jyOD;
aqmifapzkdY rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xnfhay;xm;
jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
99
99
9
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,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv
,mukyf 2;14-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þusrf;csufonf &Sifa,mukyfMo0g'pmü txif&Sm;qkH;usrf;csuf
jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/ þae&mwGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihf
wkdY\ qufEG,frItaMumif;ukd tvGefxda&mufpGma&;cJhonf/ &Sif,mukyf
t"dutav;xm;aomt&mrSm vlwkdYurdrdwkdY,kHMunfygonf[kajymaom
t&mukd vufawGUvkyfrvkyfodjrifMu&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ,kHMunfjcif;
&Sdygonf[k ajymqkd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulNyD;? xkd,kHMunfjcif;udk vufawGU
toufwmü oufaojy&efrSm tvGefcufcJygonf/ þae&mü wref
awmf,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycsifaomt&mukd Munfh½IavhvmMunfh
MuygpkdY/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 14ü tvGefta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;
wpfckukd ar;jcif;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/
]]ignDtpfukdwkdY? wpfpkHwpfa,mufaomolu igonf,kHMunfjcif;
\[kajymvQuf? tusihfukdrusifhbJaevQif tb,ftusKd;&Sdo
enf;/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;onf xkdolukdu,fwifEkdifoavm/}}
þusrf;ykd'fonf "r®tawG;tac:ynm&Sifrsm;twGuf jyóem
rsm;ukd zefwD;cJhonf/ tcsKdUu&Sif,mukyfonf tusihftm;jzihfu,fwif
76
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jcif;&&SdEkdifaMumif;ukd tm;ay;axmufcHaeonf[k ½IjrifMuonf/ okdYaomf
þ½IjrifokH;oyfrIonf trSefw&m;ESihftvGefuGmvSrf;ygonf/ &Sif,mukyf
uppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf tusihftm;jzihf oufaojyvdrfhrnf[k
,kHMunfcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif vlwkdYu4if;wkdYonf ocifa,½I
ukd ,kHMunfvufcHygonf[kajymMuvQif xkdt&monf 4if;wkdY\toufwm
&SifoefykHwGif odomxif&Sm;cJhygvdrfhrnf/
ukd,fhukd,fukd ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpfygonf[k xkwfajymaomfvnf;
toufwmukdajymif;vJzdkY qE´r&SdbJ tjypf'kp½kdufüom usifvnf&Sifoef
aeaomolwpfa,mufESifhqkHawGUonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/ xkdolajymaom
pum;ukd em;axmifay;aeonfESihftrQ olYtoufwmü pdwfESvkH;ajymif;
vJcJhonfhtaxmuftxm;wpfrQ r&SdaMumif;ukd oifawGUjrifonf/ ol&JU
pum;? olY&JUtjyKtrlESihf olY&JUpOf;pm;awG;ac:ykHrsm;onf avmuDqefaom
pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukdom xif[yfjyaeMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfESihfywfouf
írnfonfht&mukd oif,kHMunf&ygrnfenf;/ olYtoufwmü ocifc&pf
awmf\toufwmukd rsufpdjzihfjrifEkdifonfh oufaotaxmufxm;ukd
rjyvQif xkdolu,fwifjcif;trSefwu,f &r&ar;cGef;xkwfzdkY taMumif;jy
csuf&Sdaeonf r[kwfygvm;/ &Sif,mukyfu þae&mü uREkffyfwkdYukdajymjy
aeaomt&mrSm ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf wpfOD;wpfa,muf\
toufwmay:ü jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd jzpfapaomtpGrf;xufí xd
a&mufrI&Sdonfh oufa&mufrIwpfckukd jzpfapvdrfhrnf[laom tcsufjzpf
onf/
wrefawmfaygvku þtaMumif;t&mwGif &Sif,mukyfESihfvHk;vHk;
oabmxm;wkdufqkdifaeygonf/ &Sifaygvku þokdYa&;om;cJhonf/
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\/ a[mif;aomt&mwkdYonf ajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdY
onf topfjzpfMuNyD}} (2aum 5;17)/
&Sif,mukyfuJhokdYyif wrefawmfaygvk\ pdwfxJwGifþtaMumif;
t&mESihfywfoufí ar;cGef;r&SdcJhyg/ ,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfvma&muf udef;0yfaomtcg xkdol\toufwmwGif
tajccHusaom ajymif;vJrIwpfck&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf
awmfonf 4if;udef;0yfawmfrlaomol\ pdwfESvkH;ukdajymif;vJí jyefvnf
opfvGifapzkdY a&mufvmygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf xkdolwkdY\ toufwm
&SifoefykHESihf tawG;tac:wkdYukd ajymif;vJzkdYwefckd;tpGrf;tpukday;í
jyKjyifrGrf;rHay;ygonf/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufonf toufwmüxda&muf
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twGuf pOf;pm;ír&Ekdifaom t&mjzpfcJhonf/ oif0efcHa<u;aMumfaom
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oifar;cGef;xkwfzkdY taMumif;t&if;&Sdaeygonf/ þonfrSm tcef;i,f14
ü&Sif,mukyfajymjyaeaomt&myifjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyftwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;onftvGefvufawGUusaom
t&mjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 15wGif &Sif,mukyfuppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
ESihftwkta,mif,kHMunfjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufOyrmwpfckukday;cJhonf/
oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ü 0wfpm;qif,ifzkdYt0wf(okdY) pm;aomufzkdY tpm;
tpmr&Sdaom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf&Sdonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
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uppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf tusihftm;jzihf oufaojyvdrfhrnf[k
,kHMunfcJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif vlwkdYu4if;wkdYonf ocifa,½I
ukd ,kHMunfvufcHygonf[kajymMuvQif xkdt&monf 4if;wkdY\toufwm
&SifoefykHwGif odomxif&Sm;cJhygvdrfhrnf/
ukd,fhukd,fukd ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpfygonf[k xkwfajymaomfvnf;
toufwmukdajymif;vJzdkY qE´r&SdbJ tjypf'kp½kdufüom usifvnf&Sifoef
aeaomolwpfa,mufESifhqkHawGUonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/ xkdolajymaom
pum;ukd em;axmifay;aeonfESihftrQ olYtoufwmü pdwfESvkH;ajymif;
vJcJhonfhtaxmuftxm;wpfrQ r&SdaMumif;ukd oifawGUjrifonf/ ol&JU
pum;? olY&JUtjyKtrlESihf olY&JUpOf;pm;awG;ac:ykHrsm;onf avmuDqefaom
pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukdom xif[yfjyaeMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfESihfywfouf
írnfonfht&mukd oif,kHMunf&ygrnfenf;/ olYtoufwmü ocifc&pf
awmf\toufwmukd rsufpdjzihfjrifEkdifonfh oufaotaxmufxm;ukd
rjyvQif xkdolu,fwifjcif;trSefwu,f &r&ar;cGef;xkwfzdkY taMumif;jy
csuf&Sdaeonf r[kwfygvm;/ &Sif,mukyfu þae&mü uREkffyfwkdYukdajymjy
aeaomt&mrSm ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf wpfOD;wpfa,muf\
toufwmay:ü jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd jzpfapaomtpGrf;xufí xd
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onf/
wrefawmfaygvku þtaMumif;t&mwGif &Sif,mukyfESihfvHk;vHk;
oabmxm;wkdufqkdifaeygonf/ &Sifaygvku þokdYa&;om;cJhonf/
]]vlrnfonfum; c&pfawmfü&SdvQif topfjyKjyifaomowå0gjzpf
\/ a[mif;aomt&mwkdYonf ajymif;vJí cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdY
onf topfjzpfMuNyD}} (2aum 5;17)/
&Sif,mukyfuJhokdYyif wrefawmfaygvk\ pdwfxJwGifþtaMumif;
t&mESihfywfoufí ar;cGef;r&SdcJhyg/ ,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;xJü oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfvma&muf udef;0yfaomtcg xkdol\toufwmwGif
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awmfonf 4if;udef;0yfawmfrlaomol\ pdwfESvkH;ukdajymif;vJí jyefvnf
opfvGifapzkdY a&mufvmygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf xkdolwkdY\ toufwm
&SifoefykHESihf tawG;tac:wkdYukd ajymif;vJzkdYwefckd;tpGrf;tpukday;í
jyKjyifrGrf;rHay;ygonf/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufonf toufwmüxda&muf
aomajymif;vJrIukd awGUBuHKcHpm;jcif;r&SdbJ ocifa,½Iü u,fwifykdifaom
,kHMunfjcif;&Sdygonf[k a<u;aMumfaejcif;rSm &Sif,mukyfESihf&SifaygvkwkdY
twGuf pOf;pm;ír&Ekdifaom t&mjzpfcJhonf/ oif0efcHa<u;aMumfaom
,kHMunfjcif;onf oifhtoufwmESihf pOf;pm;awG;ac:ykHrsm;ukd rajymif;vJ
cJhvQif xkd,kHMunfjcif;onf ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;r[kwfr[kwfukd
oifar;cGef;xkwfzkdY taMumif;t&if;&Sdaeygonf/ þonfrSm tcef;i,f14
ü&Sif,mukyfajymjyaeaomt&myifjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyftwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;onftvGefvufawGUusaom
t&mjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 15wGif &Sif,mukyfuppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
ESihftwkta,mif,kHMunfjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufOyrmwpfckukday;cJhonf/
oifwkdY\tokdif;t0kdif;ü 0wfpm;qif,ifzkdYt0wf(okdY) pm;aomufzkdY tpm;
tpmr&Sdaom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf&Sdonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv78 79
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
xdkvkdtyfcsufukd jznfhqnf;&ef rdrdwkdYüt&if;tjrpfrsm;&Sdxm;Muaomf
xkdnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf\ vkdtyfcsufESifhywfoufí rnfonfh
t&mukdrQ rjyKvkyfMubJ xkdol\b0Nidrf;csrf;zdkY qE´omjyKay;Muaom
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oifrnfokdYrSwf,lrnfenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ aeY&ufumvwGif ,kHMunfjcif;ukd ,kHjcif;oufouf
tjzpfomrSwf,lMuonf/ þt&monf ,kHMunfjcif;ESihfywfoufí or®m
usrf;pm\ t"dyÜg,fzGihfqkdcsufr[kwfaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfuuREkfyfwkdYtm;
today;aeygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ,kHjcif;ESifhvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif
jcif;wdkYtwlwuGvkyfaqmifMuaomt&mjzpfonf/ oifonfwpfpkHwpfckukd
,Hkaomfvnf; xkdtcsif;t&mtay:ü bmrQvkyfaqmifjcif;r&SdvQif
udk,fhukd,fukd vSnfhjzm; jcif;omjzpfonf/ ppfrSefonfhu,fwifykdifaom
,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY,kHonfhtay:ü wpfpkHwpfckukdvkyfaqmifap&
ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifu axmufyHhay;ygvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyf,kHvQif uREkfyfonf
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SU qufwkd;í bk&m;ocifukd axmufyHhcGihfay;&ygrnf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfukdaxmufulay;ygvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfvQif
uREkfyfonf uREkfyf\vlYtpGrf;tpjzihf rwwfaomtykdif;ü bk&m;ocifukd
emcHtyfESH&ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfpkHwpfckukdjyKvkyfzkdY ajcvSrf;pwif&ygrnf/
,kHMunfjcif;ESihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIonf vufcsif;csdwfí oGm;Muygonf/
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIr&Sdaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
vkH;vkH;r[kwfyg (t i,f 17ukdMunfhyg)/ oifESihfuREkfyfü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sd
r&Sdukd uREkfyfwkdY\vIyf &Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü awGU&onf/
þae&mü &Sif,mukyfoGefoifay;xm;aomt&mukd uefYuGuf
xm;csufrsm;rS wpfckukdtcef;i,f 18wGif awGU&onf/ tcsdKUü,kHMunf
jcif;&Sdí tcsKdUütusihf&Sdonf[k ajymaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifhqkd&vQif tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd
&&Sdxm;MuNyD; tjcm;aomolrsm;rSm ulnDrpwwfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd
&&Sdxm;Muonf/ &Sif,mukyfu þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; vufawGUvkyfaqmif
csufrygbJ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;ukd jyoMu&efar;cGef;xkwfjcif;jzihf
þuefYuGufcsufukd ajzMum;cJhonf/ vlwpfa,mufü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sdí
,kHMunfjcif;ukd 4if;\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;jzihf rjyobJaejcif;onf
jzpfEkdifygovm;/ rjzpfEkdifyg[k&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfcJhonf/ ppfrSefonfh
u,fwifykdifaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf toufwmukdajymif;vJapaom
,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifzkdY vIHUaqmfí
trIawmfaqmifjcif;ESihf 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;qDodkY wGef;ykdYay;ygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;wpfpkHwpfckukd jyKvkyfzkdYqifhac:aeonf
[k,kHMunfygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukdqifhac:ívkyfaqmifapaom
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wkdYü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sdygonf[k ajym&efrSmtvGefvG,fulygonf/ odkYaomf
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;udk prf;oyfwkdif;wmaomt&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;wGifjzpfonf/
,kHMunfjcif;ESihf ,kHjcif;wkdYukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh NcH&Hrxm;
vQif 4if;wkdYcsnf;oufoufonf wefzkd;rJhaeMuygonf/ tcef;i,f 19u
uREkfyfwdkYtm; ty,fi&JokdYcscH&rnfh ewfqkd;rsm;uyif bk&m;ocifukd,kHí
bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfukd od&SdMuonf[k today;xm;onf/ xkdewf
qkd;rsm;onf xkdwefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYxufyifykdí owdrlrdMuNyD;? pdwfcs
rI&Sdxm;Muonf/ okdYaomf xkdewfqkd;rsm;onf rD;tkdifxJodkY xm0&ypfcscH
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv80 81
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
xdkvkdtyfcsufukd jznfhqnf;&ef rdrdwkdYüt&if;tjrpfrsm;&Sdxm;Muaomf
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t&mukdrQ rjyKvkyfMubJ xkdol\b0Nidrf;csrf;zdkY qE´omjyKay;Muaom
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oifrnfokdYrSwf,lrnfenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ aeY&ufumvwGif ,kHMunfjcif;ukd ,kHjcif;oufouf
tjzpfomrSwf,lMuonf/ þt&monf ,kHMunfjcif;ESihfywfoufí or®m
usrf;pm\ t"dyÜg,fzGihfqkdcsufr[kwfaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfuuREkfyfwkdYtm;
today;aeygonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm ,kHjcif;ESifhvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif
jcif;wdkYtwlwuGvkyfaqmifMuaomt&mjzpfonf/ oifonfwpfpkHwpfckukd
,Hkaomfvnf; xkdtcsif;t&mtay:ü bmrQvkyfaqmifjcif;r&SdvQif
udk,fhukd,fukd vSnfhjzm; jcif;omjzpfonf/ ppfrSefonfhu,fwifykdifaom
,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY,kHonfhtay:ü wpfpkHwpfckukdvkyfaqmifap&
ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifu axmufyHhay;ygvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyf,kHvQif uREkfyfonf
,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SU qufwkd;í bk&m;ocifukd axmufyHhcGihfay;&ygrnf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfukdaxmufulay;ygvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfvQif
uREkfyfonf uREkfyf\vlYtpGrf;tpjzihf rwwfaomtykdif;ü bk&m;ocifukd
emcHtyfESH&ygvdrfhrnf/ wpfpkHwpfckukdjyKvkyfzkdY ajcvSrf;pwif&ygrnf/
,kHMunfjcif;ESihf vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIonf vufcsif;csdwfí oGm;Muygonf/
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIr&Sdaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
vkH;vkH;r[kwfyg (t i,f 17ukdMunfhyg)/ oifESihfuREkfyfü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sd
r&Sdukd uREkfyfwkdY\vIyf &Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü awGU&onf/
þae&mü &Sif,mukyfoGefoifay;xm;aomt&mukd uefYuGuf
xm;csufrsm;rS wpfckukdtcef;i,f 18wGif awGU&onf/ tcsdKUü,kHMunf
jcif;&Sdí tcsKdUütusihf&Sdonf[k ajymaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifhqkd&vQif tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd
&&Sdxm;MuNyD; tjcm;aomolrsm;rSm ulnDrpwwfjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd
&&Sdxm;Muonf/ &Sif,mukyfu þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; vufawGUvkyfaqmif
csufrygbJ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;ukd jyoMu&efar;cGef;xkwfjcif;jzihf
þuefYuGufcsufukd ajzMum;cJhonf/ vlwpfa,mufü ,kHMunfjcif;&Sdí
,kHMunfjcif;ukd 4if;\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;jzihf rjyobJaejcif;onf
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u,fwifykdifaom ,kHMunfjcif;onf toufwmukdajymif;vJapaom
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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rnfonfhtzkd;tcyif ay;&ay;& emcHjcif;üa&SUokdY oihfukdwGef;ykdY
rnfh,kHMunfjcif;wpfckukd ay;oem;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;ukd oufaojyzkdY oihfukd
[efYwm;aeaomt&mukd oihftm;az:jyay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü
,kHMunfjcif;ESihftusihfoDv84 85
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JU,kHMunfjcif;ukd wkd;yGm;apzkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcstm;
xm;&jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
1010
1010
10
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
,mukyf 3;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfonf rdrda&;om;aom pmapmif\tcef;BuD; 3wGif
vQmukdtokH;jyKykHtaMumif;ukd jyefajymxm;cJhonf (1;19?26 ukdMunfhyg)/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf c&pf,mefwkdY\toufwmwGif tvGefvuf
awGUusaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf xif&Sm;cJhvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyftckdiftrm
,kHMunfcJhonf/ vlwkdYajymqkdaompum;vkH;rsm;onf 4if;wkdYpdwfESvkH;tajc
tae\xif&Sm;jywfom;aom ñTefjycsufrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þusrf;csufwGif
&Sif,mukyfu vQmukdtokH;jyKykHtm; ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;\ wkdif;wmrI
wpfcktjzpf ajymjyxm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfonf or®mw&m;ukd a[majym&ef rdrdwkdY\vQmukd
tokH;jyKaomolrsm;ukd tusOf;csKyfcGeftm;ay;jcif;ESihftwl þtcef;ukd
zGihfvSpfcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu q&mrsm;tm; rsm;pGmaomynmA[kokw
onfrsm;pGmaom wm0ef0wå&m;ESihftwla&mufvmaMumif;ukd today;cJh
onf/ q&mjzpfvkdaomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdYoGefoifay;aom pnf;rsOf;Oya'
orsm;twkdif; &SifoefMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þtcsufu &Sif,mukyf\oGef
oifcsufrsm;onf vufawGUoabmukd aqmifMuaMumif; wpfzefjyoae
ygonf/ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf EIwfoufoufjzihfom ouf aojy&
86
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JU,kHMunfjcif;ukd wkd;yGm;apzkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcstm;
xm;&jcif;ESihf xkdufwefaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
1010
1010
10
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;
,mukyf 3;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfonf rdrda&;om;aom pmapmif\tcef;BuD; 3wGif
vQmukdtokH;jyKykHtaMumif;ukd jyefajymxm;cJhonf (1;19?26 ukdMunfhyg)/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf c&pf,mefwkdY\toufwmwGif tvGefvuf
awGUusaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf xif&Sm;cJhvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyftckdiftrm
,kHMunfcJhonf/ vlwkdYajymqkdaompum;vkH;rsm;onf 4if;wkdYpdwfESvkH;tajc
tae\xif&Sm;jywfom;aom ñTefjycsufrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þusrf;csufwGif
&Sif,mukyfu vQmukdtokH;jyKykHtm; ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;\ wkdif;wmrI
wpfcktjzpf ajymjyxm;onf/
&Sif,mukyfonf or®mw&m;ukd a[majym&ef rdrdwkdY\vQmukd
tokH;jyKaomolrsm;ukd tusOf;csKyfcGeftm;ay;jcif;ESihftwl þtcef;ukd
zGihfvSpfcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu q&mrsm;tm; rsm;pGmaomynmA[kokw
onfrsm;pGmaom wm0ef0wå&m;ESihftwla&mufvmaMumif;ukd today;cJh
onf/ q&mjzpfvkdaomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdYoGefoifay;aom pnf;rsOf;Oya'
orsm;twkdif; &SifoefMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þtcsufu &Sif,mukyf\oGef
oifcsufrsm;onf vufawGUoabmukd aqmifMuaMumif; wpfzefjyoae
ygonf/ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf EIwfoufoufjzihfom ouf aojy&
86
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onfr[kwf? vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihfvnf; jyo&aMumif;ukd oltckdiftrm
,kHMunfaecJhonf/ &Sif,mukyf\ajymqkdxm;csuft&? oGefoifay; jcif;
onf *kPf,lav;pm;xkdufaomtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrdoGefoif ay;onfh
t&mukd ukd,fwkdifjyKvkyfzkdYysufuGufjcif;xuf roGefoifay;bJ aejcif;u
ykdí aumif;cJhvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu q&mrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ykdíwif;usyfaompD&ifjcif;ukd cH&rnfhtaMumif; owday;cJhonf/
okdYaomfþt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmftm; vkyfaqmifjcif;ukd aMumuf&GHUoGm;apzdkY (odkY)
qD;wm;zdkYr[kwfyg/ okdYaomfoGefoifolq&m (okdY) w&m;a[mq&m tjzpf
okdYqifhac:jcif;cHxm;&aomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdYoGefoifa[majymaom&m
ukd ukd,fwkdifvufawGU&Sifoefjcif;jzihf pdwfESvkH;übk&m;ukdaMumuf&GHUjcif;
ESihftwl trIawmfaqmifí bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdvkyfaqmif vkdaom
awmufavmifaeonfh pdwfqE´wpfck&SdzkdY vkdtyfonf/
þokdYajymqkd&mwGif oGefoifolq&mrsm;ESihf w&m;a[mq&mrsm;
jzpfMuaom uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf yuwdjynfhpkHzkdYvkdtyfonf[k rqkdvkdyg/
yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefjcif;onf q&mrsm;ESihfw&m;a[mq&mrsm;twGuf
jy|mef;csufwpfckjzpfvQif rnfolrQt&nftcsif;jynfhrSDrnfr[kwfyg/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 2 wGif uREkffyfwkdYonf toufwmüajrmufjrm;
pGmaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf NydKvJMurnfhtaMumif;ukd tvGef&Sif;vif;pGm
ajymjyxm;onf/ rnfolrQrjynfhpkHyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf EIwfuywfawmfü
bk&m;ocifjy|ef;xm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ukd rjynfhrDMuyg/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;awmftm;jzihf
ay;oem;xm;aom *½kPmw&m;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif;w&m;wkdYukd vkdtyf
Muonf/ q&mrsm;taejzihf tjypfukdusL;vGefrdaomtcgwGif tvsif
tjrefaemifw&í cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;ü avQmufvSrf;í emcHjcif;w&m;ü
BuD;xGm;vmMuzdkY oif,lMu&rnf/ olwkdYonf ododBuD;ESihftjypf'kp½kdufwGif
qufvufusifvnfrnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifESihfoihfjrwfaomqufqHa&;ukd
jyefvnf&&Sdatmif jyKvkyfMu&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu jynfhpkHaomolrSm rdrdukd,fukd xdef;csKyfEkdifpGrf;&Sd
aomoljzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkYdukdajymjyxm;onf (i,f 2)/ &Sif,mukyfu
þtcsif;t&mukd tcef;i,f 3 wGifjrif;\yg;pyfü cGHUxm;aomZuf (yg;csKyf
wef;)ESihf ckdif;EIdif;xm;onf/ jrif;ukdrnfonfhae&mokdYoGm;&ef ajymjyzdkY yg;pyf
xJüZufukd cGHUxm;&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfjrif;ukd ao;o,faomþZuf
(yg;csKyfwef;)tm;jzihf xdef;csKyfMuonf/
tcef;i,f 4wGif wrefawmfBuD;u oabFmmwpfpD;&dS wufr\
ykHOyrmukd tokH;jyKcJhonf/ oabFmwpfpD;onf BuD;rm;aoma&,mOfjzpfí
Murf;wrf;aom vIdif;rsm;Mum;wGifvl;vSdrfhvsuf oGm;vm&onf/ xkdBuD;rm;
aomoabFmwpfpD;\ OD;wnfcsufukd rnfonfht&mu xdef;csKyfxm;yg
oenf;/ oabmF\0rf;Akduf&Sd ao;i,faomwufrav;u xdef;csKyfxm;
ygonf/ xkdwufrav;ukd [kdbufonfbufvSnfhapjcif;jzihf oabFmukd
a&,mOfrSL;oGm;apvkdonfh OD;wnfcsufqDokdY xdef;ausmif;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/
jrif;\yg;pyfxJü cGHUxm;aomZufESihf oabFm0rf;Akdufatmuf&Sd
wufrwkdYrSm ao;i,faomtpdwftykdif;av;rsm; jzpfMuaomfvnf; tpGrf;
BuD;aom0wåKypönf;rsm;\ OD;wnfcsufukd wkdif;wmay;EkdifpGrf;&SdMuonf/
wufrESihfZufwkdYukd xdef;csKyfaomolonf oabFm\oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;
ESihfjrif;\OD;wnfcsufwkdYukd xdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ tvm;wlpGmyif uREkfyfwkdY
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;88 89
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onfr[kwf? vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihfvnf; jyo&aMumif;ukd oltckdiftrm
,kHMunfaecJhonf/ &Sif,mukyf\ajymqkdxm;csuft&? oGefoifay; jcif;
onf *kPf,lav;pm;xkdufaomtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrdoGefoif ay;onfh
t&mukd ukd,fwkdifjyKvkyfzkdYysufuGufjcif;xuf roGefoifay;bJ aejcif;u
ykdí aumif;cJhvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu q&mrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;
ocif\ykdíwif;usyfaompD&ifjcif;ukd cH&rnfhtaMumif; owday;cJhonf/
okdYaomfþt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmftm; vkyfaqmifjcif;ukd aMumuf&GHUoGm;apzdkY (odkY)
qD;wm;zdkYr[kwfyg/ okdYaomfoGefoifolq&m (okdY) w&m;a[mq&m tjzpf
okdYqifhac:jcif;cHxm;&aomolrsm;onf rdrdwkdYoGefoifa[majymaom&m
ukd ukd,fwkdifvufawGU&Sifoefjcif;jzihf pdwfESvkH;übk&m;ukdaMumuf&GHUjcif;
ESihftwl trIawmfaqmifí bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdvkyfaqmif vkdaom
awmufavmifaeonfh pdwfqE´wpfck&SdzkdY vkdtyfonf/
þokdYajymqkd&mwGif oGefoifolq&mrsm;ESihf w&m;a[mq&mrsm;
jzpfMuaom uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf yuwdjynfhpkHzkdYvkdtyfonf[k rqkdvkdyg/
yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefjcif;onf q&mrsm;ESihfw&m;a[mq&mrsm;twGuf
jy|mef;csufwpfckjzpfvQif rnfolrQt&nftcsif;jynfhrSDrnfr[kwfyg/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 2 wGif uREkffyfwkdYonf toufwmüajrmufjrm;
pGmaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf NydKvJMurnfhtaMumif;ukd tvGef&Sif;vif;pGm
ajymjyxm;onf/ rnfolrQrjynfhpkHyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf EIwfuywfawmfü
bk&m;ocifjy|ef;xm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;ukd rjynfhrDMuyg/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf ocifc&pfawmf\taoG;awmftm;jzihf
ay;oem;xm;aom *½kPmw&m;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif;w&m;wkdYukd vkdtyf
Muonf/ q&mrsm;taejzihf tjypfukdusL;vGefrdaomtcgwGif tvsif
tjrefaemifw&í cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;ü avQmufvSrf;í emcHjcif;w&m;ü
BuD;xGm;vmMuzdkY oif,lMu&rnf/ olwkdYonf ododBuD;ESihftjypf'kp½kdufwGif
qufvufusifvnfrnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifESihfoihfjrwfaomqufqHa&;ukd
jyefvnf&&Sdatmif jyKvkyfMu&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu jynfhpkHaomolrSm rdrdukd,fukd xdef;csKyfEkdifpGrf;&Sd
aomoljzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkYdukdajymjyxm;onf (i,f 2)/ &Sif,mukyfu
þtcsif;t&mukd tcef;i,f 3 wGifjrif;\yg;pyfü cGHUxm;aomZuf (yg;csKyf
wef;)ESihf ckdif;EIdif;xm;onf/ jrif;ukdrnfonfhae&mokdYoGm;&ef ajymjyzdkY yg;pyf
xJüZufukd cGHUxm;&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfjrif;ukd ao;o,faomþZuf
(yg;csKyfwef;)tm;jzihf xdef;csKyfMuonf/
tcef;i,f 4wGif wrefawmfBuD;u oabFmmwpfpD;&dS wufr\
ykHOyrmukd tokH;jyKcJhonf/ oabFmwpfpD;onf BuD;rm;aoma&,mOfjzpfí
Murf;wrf;aom vIdif;rsm;Mum;wGifvl;vSdrfhvsuf oGm;vm&onf/ xkdBuD;rm;
aomoabFmwpfpD;\ OD;wnfcsufukd rnfonfht&mu xdef;csKyfxm;yg
oenf;/ oabmF\0rf;Akduf&Sd ao;i,faomwufrav;u xdef;csKyfxm;
ygonf/ xkdwufrav;ukd [kdbufonfbufvSnfhapjcif;jzihf oabFmukd
a&,mOfrSL;oGm;apvkdonfh OD;wnfcsufqDokdY xdef;ausmif;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/
jrif;\yg;pyfxJü cGHUxm;aomZufESihf oabFm0rf;Akdufatmuf&Sd
wufrwkdYrSm ao;i,faomtpdwftykdif;av;rsm; jzpfMuaomfvnf; tpGrf;
BuD;aom0wåKypönf;rsm;\ OD;wnfcsufukd wkdif;wmay;EkdifpGrf;&SdMuonf/
wufrESihfZufwkdYukd xdef;csKyfaomolonf oabFm\oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;
ESihfjrif;\OD;wnfcsufwkdYukd xdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ tvm;wlpGmyif uREkfyfwkdY
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;88 89
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\toufwmpD;qif;ykHESihf OD;wnfcsufwkdYonf uREkfyf\pdwfqE´rsm;ESihf
pdwftmomukd uREkfyfrnfrQxdef;csKyfEkdifoenf;[laomtcsufay:ü
tNrJwrf;rlwnfaeonf/
&Sif,mukyfuqufvufí uREkfyfwkdY\vQmtm; tokH;jyKykHukdyif
xdef;csKyf&eftvGefcufcJEkdifaMumif;ukd jyocJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\
pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; vQmonfvlukd,fcE¨mü tvGefao;i,faom
tpdwftykdif;jzpfaomfvnf; r,kHMunfEkdifavmufaom ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIukd
vnf; jzpfapEkdifaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf (i,f 5)/ vQmonfao;i,f
aomfvnf; BuD;rm;aomt&mrsm;ukd 0g<um;wwfonf/ ao;i,faomvQm
onfrdrdukd,fukd bk&m;ocif\t&mtxdyif csD;ajr§mufwwfonf/ orkdif;
pmrsufESmwGif vlb,fESpfa,mufu 4if;wkdY\BuD;rm;aomatmifjrifrI
rsm;ESihf BuD;rm;aomvkyfaqmifrIrsm;twGuf 0g<um;*kPf,lcJhMuygoenf;/
tcsKdUuolwkdYukd,folwkdY bk&m;rsm;tjzpfyif a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf/ vQmonf
BuD;rm;aom0g<um;jcif;ukd jyKvkyfwwfonf/ vlwkdY\toufwmESihf
b0yef;wkdifrsm;ukd xkd0g<um;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf ykHazmfEkdifygonf/ xkduJhokdY
aom0g<um;jcif;ukd jyKvkyfonfhvQmonf 4if;\tjyKtrltwGuf &Sif;vif;
csufukd ay;&ygvdrfhrnf/
&Sif,mukyfuqufvufí ao;i,faomrD;yGm;av;wpfckonf
opfawmwpftkyfvkH;ukdyif rD;pGJavmifapEkdifaMumif;ajymxm;onf/ vQm
onfvnf; ao;i,faomrD;yGm;av;wpfck\ aoapEkdifavmufaomtpGrf;
ukdykdifqkdifxm;onf/ cE¨mukd,f\ ao;i,faomtpdwftykdif;av;onf
vlwpfa,mufvkH;ukd ysufpD;,kd,Gif;apEkdifouJhokdY c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m
ukdvnf; qkd;qkd;0g;0g;xdcdkufysufpD;apEkdifygonf/ vQmonfuREkfyfwkdY\
ordkif;oufaoukdvnf; zsufqD;Ekdifygonf/ twif;tzsif;pum;ESihf to
a&zsufykwfcsjcif;pum;wkdYukd ajymEkdifaomvQmaMumifh omoemvkyfief;
rsm;pGmrSm ysufpD;cJhMu&onf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif &Sif,mukyfu 4if;\zsufqD;wwfaom rD;
awmufrsm;ukd ty,fi&J\rD;rsm;rS &,lxm;onf[k tpGef;txdwkdif ajymcJh
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zsufjcif;wkdY\ om;aumif;jzpfaumif;jzpfcJh&ayrnf/ oifonfxkdt&mudk
jyKvkyfaeaomt&if;tjrpfvnf; jzpfaumif;jzpfcJhayrnf/
tcef;i,f 7wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,Ofyg;atmifxdef;ausmif;jcif;cH&
aomom;&Jwd&dpämefrsKd;pkH? iSufrsm;? wGm;oGm;wwfaomwd&dpämefrsm;
taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ tcsKdUaomig;rsm;yifvQif vlwkdY\,Ofyg;vm
atmifxdef;ausmif;jcif;ukd cHMu&onf/ urÇmhorkdif;wpfavQmufvkH;wGif
vQmukdyuwdjynfhpkHpGm ,Ofyg;atmifxdef;ausmif;EkdifcJholr&SdcJhyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
\toufwmü Budrfzefrsm;pGm wdkufckdufrIrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhonf/ rdrdwdkY\
vQmukdvkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; ,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfEkdifcJhygNyD[k uREfkyfwkdYxJrS
rnfoluajymEkdifygoenf;/ &Sif,mukyf\ajymqkdxm;csuft& vQmonf
]]rqkH;rEkdifaom tqkd;tnpf}} jzpfonf (i,f 8)/ qkd;npfjcif;onf oDv
r&Sd? ZmwdqefaomvQmay:wGif BuD;xGm;wkd;yGm;ygonf/ 4if;onf aoap
EkdifaomtqdyfESihf jynfhpkHaeí xkdt&mudk vTifhxkwfaomtcg ysufqD;
qkH;½IH;jcif;ukd jzpfapygonf/
vQmonfqkd;npfaomt&mukdom ajymEkdifonfr[kwf bk&m;
ocifukdvnf; csD;rGrf;ukd;uG,fEkdifaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfuaumif;aumif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;90 91
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\toufwmpD;qif;ykHESihf OD;wnfcsufwkdYonf uREkfyf\pdwfqE´rsm;ESihf
pdwftmomukd uREkfyfrnfrQxdef;csKyfEkdifoenf;[laomtcsufay:ü
tNrJwrf;rlwnfaeonf/
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csufukd ay;&ygvdrfhrnf/
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a&zsufykwfcsjcif;pum;wkdYukd ajymEkdifaomvQmaMumifh omoemvkyfief;
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taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ tcsKdUaomig;rsm;yifvQif vlwkdY\,Ofyg;vm
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\toufwmü Budrfzefrsm;pGm wdkufckdufrIrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhonf/ rdrdwdkY\
vQmukdvkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; ,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfEkdifcJhygNyD[k uREfkyfwkdYxJrS
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r&Sd? ZmwdqefaomvQmay:wGif BuD;xGm;wkd;yGm;ygonf/ 4if;onf aoap
EkdifaomtqdyfESihf jynfhpkHaeí xkdt&mudk vTifhxkwfaomtcg ysufqD;
qkH;½IH;jcif;ukd jzpfapygonf/
vQmonfqkd;npfaomt&mukdom ajymEkdifonfr[kwf bk&m;
ocifukdvnf; csD;rGrf;ukd;uG,fEkdifaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfuaumif;aumif;
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;90 91
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
owdxm;rdonf/ bk&m;ocifukd csD;rGrf;ukd;uG,faomvQmonf tjcm;
wpfcsdefwGif bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;xm;onfhvlrsm;
ukdusdefqJEkdifygonf/ we*FaEGaeYrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\ocifbk&m;ukd csD;rGrf;
onfhoDcsif;rsm;ukd oDqkdMuaomfvnf; wevFmaeYrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\
vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;ukd tjypfwifuJh&JU½IwfcsMuonf/ þonfrSm
vQmukd ,Ofyg;atmifrxdef;csKyfEkdif;ao;jcif;\ oufaotaxmuftxm;
yifjzpfonf/ yg;pyfwpfaygufwnf;u bk&m;ocifukd csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bk&m;
ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;xm;onfh vlrsm;ukdusdefqJjcif;wkdY
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oabFmozef;yifonf oHvGifoD;ukdroD;Ekdifyg (i,f 12ukdMunfh
yg)/ iefaomprf;a&wGif;onfvnf; vwfqwfaoma&csKdukdray;Ekdifyg/
&Sif,mukyftwGuf qkd;npfaomvQmonf bk&m;ocifukd *kPfrjyKEkdifyg/
vQmukdppfaq;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ vQmukdcsnfaESmifí xdef;csKyfzkdYvkdtyfonf/
xkdokYdrSomvQif 4if;\aoapEkdifaomtqdyfrsm;ukd rvTifhxkwfEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/
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onf/ cE¨mukd,f\ao;i,faom þtpdwftykdif;av;onf tHhMoavmuf
aomraumif;rIukd vkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ 4if;onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mü
jyif;xefaom ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd jzpfapEkdifouJhokdY toif;awmfwpfck
vkH;ukdvnf; zsufqD;EkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ vQmukdppfaq;jcif;r&SdbJ þtwkdif;
vGwfxm;vQif 4if;\tqdyfrsm;ukd xkwfvTifhrnfjzpfNyD;? xkdtqdyfESihfxdawGU
aomolrsm;rSm tqdyfoifhcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu þtoufwm
wGif vQmukdvkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;xdef;csKyfEkdifrnfhtjzpfukd r,kHMunfcJh[ef
&Sdonf/ okdYaomf,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf vQmukdxdef;csKyfzdkY jyif;jyif;xefxef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ef oltvkd&SdcJhonf/ vQmonf 4if;\t&if;tjrpf
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rS qGJ,lygonf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\
twGif;o@mefü atmifEkdifzkdYvkdtyfao;onfht&mukd xif[yfjyorIwpfck
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xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cHMu&vQifxkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\vQmukdtokH;jyKykHü
xif[yfcJhygvdrfhrnf[k ajymjyonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
&SdvQif? xkdt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\ajymqkdykHü oufaojyygvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunf
jcif;ESihfjynfh0aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\vQmukd xdef;csKyfzkdY wwfEkdiforQ
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
q&mwpfa,muf\wm0ef0wå&m;taMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfu
rnfodkYajymjyxm;oenf;/ q&mwpfa,mufonf rdrdoGefoifay;
aomt&mukd vufawGU&SifoefjyozkdY rnfrQta&;BuD;oenf;/
tqD;twm;rJhpGm vTwfxm;aomvQmonf rnfuJhokdYaom
ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIukd jzpfapEkdifygoenf;/ þysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIukd
ukd,fawGU awGUBuHKzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
oifh&JUvQmonf oifh&JUpdwfESvHk;\tajctaeudk rnfodkYajymjyygo
enf;/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;ESifh uREkfyfwkdY\vQmudktoHk;jyKyHkonf rnf
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;92 93
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
owdxm;rdonf/ bk&m;ocifukd csD;rGrf;ukd;uG,faomvQmonf tjcm;
wpfcsdefwGif bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;xm;onfhvlrsm;
ukdusdefqJEkdifygonf/ we*FaEGaeYrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\ocifbk&m;ukd csD;rGrf;
onfhoDcsif;rsm;ukd oDqkdMuaomfvnf; wevFmaeYrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\
vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;ukd tjypfwifuJh&JU½IwfcsMuonf/ þonfrSm
vQmukd ,Ofyg;atmifrxdef;csKyfEkdif;ao;jcif;\ oufaotaxmuftxm;
yifjzpfonf/ yg;pyfwpfaygufwnf;u bk&m;ocifukd csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bk&m;
ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;xm;onfh vlrsm;ukdusdefqJjcif;wkdY
xGufvmEkdifonfhtjzpfukd &Sif,mukyfu ajz&Sif;zdkYBudK;pm;cJhonf/ &Sif,m
ukyftwGuf xkduJhokdYaomtjzpfonf vwfqwfaoma&csKdESihf qm;iH&nf
ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ukd xGufapaom prf;a&aygufESihfwlaeygonf/
oabFmozef;yifonf oHvGifoD;ukdroD;Ekdifyg (i,f 12ukdMunfh
yg)/ iefaomprf;a&wGif;onfvnf; vwfqwfaoma&csKdukdray;Ekdifyg/
&Sif,mukyftwGuf qkd;npfaomvQmonf bk&m;ocifukd *kPfrjyKEkdifyg/
vQmukdppfaq;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ vQmukdcsnfaESmifí xdef;csKyfzkdYvkdtyfonf/
xkdokYdrSomvQif 4if;\aoapEkdifaomtqdyfrsm;ukd rvTifhxkwfEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/
þtcef;uvQm\ tEÅ&m,frsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;owday;xm;
onf/ cE¨mukd,f\ao;i,faom þtpdwftykdif;av;onf tHhMoavmuf
aomraumif;rIukd vkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ 4if;onf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mü
jyif;xefaom ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd jzpfapEkdifouJhokdY toif;awmfwpfck
vkH;ukdvnf; zsufqD;EkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ vQmukdppfaq;jcif;r&SdbJ þtwkdif;
vGwfxm;vQif 4if;\tqdyfrsm;ukd xkwfvTifhrnfjzpfNyD;? xkdtqdyfESihfxdawGU
aomolrsm;rSm tqdyfoifhcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu þtoufwm
wGif vQmukdvkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;xdef;csKyfEkdifrnfhtjzpfukd r,kHMunfcJh[ef
&Sdonf/ okdYaomf,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf vQmukdxdef;csKyfzdkY jyif;jyif;xefxef
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ef oltvkd&SdcJhonf/ vQmonf 4if;\t&if;tjrpf
rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rS qGJ,lygonf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\
twGif;o@mefü atmifEkdifzkdYvkdtyfao;onfht&mukd xif[yfjyorIwpfck
jzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\
xdef;csKyfjcif;ukd cHMu&vQifxkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\vQmukdtokH;jyKykHü
xif[yfcJhygvdrfhrnf[k ajymjyonf/ uREkfyfwkdYü ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;
&SdvQif? xkdt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY\ajymqkdykHü oufaojyygvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunf
jcif;ESihfjynfh0aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\vQmukd xdef;csKyfzkdY wwfEkdiforQ
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
q&mwpfa,muf\wm0ef0wå&m;taMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyfu
rnfodkYajymjyxm;oenf;/ q&mwpfa,mufonf rdrdoGefoifay;
aomt&mukd vufawGU&SifoefjyozkdY rnfrQta&;BuD;oenf;/
tqD;twm;rJhpGm vTwfxm;aomvQmonf rnfuJhokdYaom
ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIukd jzpfapEkdifygoenf;/ þysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIukd
ukd,fawGU awGUBuHKzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
oifh&JUvQmonf oifh&JUpdwfESvHk;\tajctaeudk rnfodkYajymjyygo
enf;/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;ESifh uREkfyfwkdY\vQmudktoHk;jyKyHkonf rnf
vQmukd,Ofyg;atmifxdef;csKyfjcif;92 93
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
odkYqufpyfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUvQmukd xdef;csKyfEkdifzdkY ulnDrpay;&efocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifh&JUvQmukd rxdef;csKyfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zdkY
udk,fawmfhudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUvQmutjcm;olrsm\toufwm;ü jzpfay:apcJhEkdifonfh
ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd jyKjyifukpm;ay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihf&JUvQmukd rawmfwa&mf tokH;jyKcJhjcif;jzihf oifapmfum;cJh
aomolrsm;xHü cGihfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuHzkdYcGeftm;owådukday;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
1111
1111
11
txufrSOmPfynmtxufrSOmPfynm
txufrSOmPfynmtxufrSOmPfynm
txufrSOmPfynm
,mukyf 3;13-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD; 3\ þaemufwpfykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfol
rsm;tm; avmuDynmtm;jzihfr[kwfyJ? txufrSoufa&mufaomynm
tm;jzihf &SifoefMu&eftwGuf rdrd\trIYxm;p&mudpöukd azmfjycJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; þtxufrSoufa&mufaomynmukd
aumif;jrwfaomusihfBuHjyKrljcif;tm;jzihf oufaojyMuzkdY pdefac:xm;onf
(i,f13)/
OmPfynmukd jyKrlusifhBuHjcif;ESihf cGJxm;ír&Ekdifyg/ ,k'vlrsKd;
wkdY\tawG;wGif bk&m;ukdodaomÓPfynmqkdonfrSm emrawmfESihf
xkdufwefonfh bkef;BuD;jcif;? *kPfBuD;jcif;wkdYukd bk&m;ocif&&Sdrnfh
taMumif; toufwmüynmA[kokwukd uRrf;usifykdifEkdifpGm&,l
usihfokH;jcif;ynmjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 24 ESihf 25 wGif &Sif,mukyfu þavmurSouf
a&mufvmaomynmESihf bk&m;ocifxHrSoufa&mufvmaomynmwkdY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufukd jyKvkyfxm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyf
wkdYtm; avmuDynmonf emusifcg;oD;rI? remvkd*kPfNydKifrIwkdYkukd vufoihf
cHxm;í twåqefaom&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihfjynfhaeonf[kajymjyxm;onf/
94
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
odkYqufpyfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUvQmukd xdef;csKyfEkdifzdkY ulnDrpay;&efocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oifh&JUvQmukd rxdef;csKyfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zdkY
udk,fawmfhudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUvQmutjcm;olrsm\toufwm;ü jzpfay:apcJhEkdifonfh
ysufqD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd jyKjyifukpm;ay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihf&JUvQmukd rawmfwa&mf tokH;jyKcJhjcif;jzihf oifapmfum;cJh
aomolrsm;xHü cGihfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuHzkdYcGeftm;owådukday;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
1111
1111
11
txufrSOmPfynmtxufrSOmPfynm
txufrSOmPfynmtxufrSOmPfynm
txufrSOmPfynm
,mukyf 3;13-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD; 3\ þaemufwpfykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfol
rsm;tm; avmuDynmtm;jzihfr[kwfyJ? txufrSoufa&mufaomynm
tm;jzihf &SifoefMu&eftwGuf rdrd\trIYxm;p&mudpöukd azmfjycJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; þtxufrSoufa&mufaomynmukd
aumif;jrwfaomusihfBuHjyKrljcif;tm;jzihf oufaojyMuzkdY pdefac:xm;onf
(i,f13)/
OmPfynmukd jyKrlusifhBuHjcif;ESihf cGJxm;ír&Ekdifyg/ ,k'vlrsKd;
wkdY\tawG;wGif bk&m;ukdodaomÓPfynmqkdonfrSm emrawmfESihf
xkdufwefonfh bkef;BuD;jcif;? *kPfBuD;jcif;wkdYukd bk&m;ocif&&Sdrnfh
taMumif; toufwmüynmA[kokwukd uRrf;usifykdifEkdifpGm&,l
usihfokH;jcif;ynmjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 24 ESihf 25 wGif &Sif,mukyfu þavmurSouf
a&mufvmaomynmESihf bk&m;ocifxHrSoufa&mufvmaomynmwkdY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufukd jyKvkyfxm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyf
wkdYtm; avmuDynmonf emusifcg;oD;rI? remvkd*kPfNydKifrIwkdYkukd vufoihf
cHxm;í twåqefaom&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihfjynfhaeonf[kajymjyxm;onf/
94
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qufvufí avmuDynmonf 0dnmOfoabmraqmifí ewfqkd;xHrSvm
aomt&mjzpfonf[kajymjyxm;onf/ þtcef;i,frsm;wGif uREfkyfwkdY
avhvmzdkY vkdtyfaomta&;BuD;onfht&mtcsKdU&Sdonf/
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aumif; ynm&SdEkdifMuygonf/ &Sif,mukyf\ajymqkdxm;csuft& avmuD
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onf/ toufwmürdrdwkdY\atmifjrifrIrsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifcJhrIrsm;tay:ü
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aumif;rGefpGmpDrHcefYcGJcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdYatmifjrifcJhaomt&m
rsm;ukd jyefMunfhNyD; rmeaxmifvTm;í0g<um;cJhMuonf/ rdrdwkdY\xl;uJaom
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vkyfief;rsm;uJhokdY vnfywfaeMuygonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ pmrsufESm
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bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd od&SdvkdcJhMuonf/ þonfrSm toif;awmfü
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qufvufí avmuDynmonf 0dnmOfoabmraqmifí ewfqkd;xHrSvm
aomt&mjzpfonf[kajymjyxm;onf/ þtcef;i,frsm;wGif uREfkyfwkdY
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aumif; ynm&SdEkdifMuygonf/ &Sif,mukyf\ajymqkdxm;csuft& avmuD
qefaomynm\t"duvu©PmrSm wpfukdf,faumif;qefjcif;jzpfonf/
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t&mukd ,aeYwGifvnf;qufvufvkyfaqmifaeygonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomvlwkdYonf pmwef\bk&m;rJhaomynmtm;jzihf vSnfhjzm;jcif;ukd
cHMu&onf/
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uREkfyfwdkY\acwfumv&Sd toif;awmfxJwGifvnf;awGUae&ygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\toif;awmfrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf avmuDpD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;rsm;uJhokdY vnfywfaeMuygonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ pmrsufESm
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ocifxHü ar;avQmufMuaMumif;ukd tzefwvJvJawGU&onf/ olwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd od&SdvkdcJhMuonf/ þonfrSm toif;awmfü
txufrSOmPfynm96 97
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tNrJwrf;rawGU&aomt&mjzpfonf/ toif;awmfrsm;pGmukd vlYynmtm;
jzihfwnfaqmufxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\&nfrSef;csufrsm;?
vkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd csrSwfíuREkfyfwdkY\ t,ltqrsm;ukd bk&m;ociftm;
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ukd qGJaqmifEkdifí olwkdYukdpdwfauseyfapEkdifygaomfvnf; xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;
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onfpmwefukdrwkefvIyfapyg/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom ynmtm;
jzihfom pmwef\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;rSmysufpD;&ygonf/
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jcif;ü ukd,fukd,fukdrcsD;ajr§mufwwfyg/ tqkd;ukdtqkd;tm;jzihfvnf;
txufrSOmPfynm98 99
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onfpmwefukdrwkefvIyfapyg/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom ynmtm;
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jcif;ü ukd,fukd,fukdrcsD;ajr§mufwwfyg/ tqkd;ukdtqkd;tm;jzihfvnf;
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apvkdvQif txufrSoufa&mufvmaom þynmukdvkdtyfonf/ oif
onfbk&m;ocifukd ESpfoufauseyfapaomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefvkdvQif
oihf&JUukd,fykdifpOf;pm;awG;ac:rItay:ü ,kHMunftm;xm;ír&yg/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,fcsufukd wpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY
&SmBuH&rnf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf ukd,fhudk,fukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\
oGefoifcsufütyfxm;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;üvnf;aumif;?
omoemvkyfief;rsm;üvnf;aumif; ocifbk&m;\vrf;jyjcif;ESihfvrf;ñTef
csufrsm;ukd &SmBuHMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ þtwGufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifESihfomí eufeJaomrdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;xJokdY 0ifa&mufMu&ef
vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ESihf tpDtpOf
rsm;ü aozkdYvkdtyfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ t,ltqESihftpDtpOfukd &SmBuHzkdY
vdktyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifem;vnfwwfuRrf;rIukd ,kHMunftm;xm;
onfxuf bk&m;ocif\vrf;jyjcif;ukd ,kHMunftm;xm;wwfzkdY oif,lMu
&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
avmuDynm\ vu©Pmrsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf avmuDynmESihfrnfodkY
uGJjym;jcm;em;oenf;/
txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf rnfolxHrSa&mufvm
ygoenf;/
oihf&JUukd,fykdifavmuDynmjzihf trIawmfaqmif&ef (okdY) &Sifoef
aexkdif&ef oifhukdoifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhaMumif;ukd awGUzl;yg
ovm;/ favmuDynmrSrnfonfhtoD;tyGifhudk oifarQmfvifhEdkif
ygoenf;/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;&dwfodrf;jcif;ukdjzpfap&ef txufrSouf
a&mufvmaomynmonf tb,fhaMumifhr&Sdrjzpfvkdtyf&
oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifonftxufrSoufa&mufvmaom ynmukdOayu©mjyKí
ukd,fhenf;ukd,fh[efjzihf vIyf&Sm;zdkYa&G;cs,fcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ynmukd uREkfyfwkYdtm;ay;oem;zkdY vkdvkd
vm;vm;&dSaeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
txufrSOmPfynm
100 101
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rwkHYjyefyg/ 4if;udkjypfrSm;aoolrsm;tay:ü oem;jcif;*½kPmukdjyygonf/
tjypfukdcGihfvTwfay;í xkdtjypfukdarhaysmufvkdufygonf/ okdYaomfavmuD
ynmrSmrl rdrdcHpm;cJh&aomrw&m;rIrsm;ukd pm&if;jyKpkíaw;rSwfxm;
wwfonf/
txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf rsufESmrvkduf? jzLpif
½kd;om;onf/ xkdynmonf vlyk*¾dKvfukdtxifBuD;aomynmr[kwfyg/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqkd&vQif 4if;onftjyifyef;toGiftjyifukd rMunfhwwf
yg/ 4if;onftjcm;olrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif ½kd;om;íyGihfvif;onf/ 4if;
t"dutav;xm;aomt&mrSm trSefw&m;ESihfw&m;rQwrIay:xGufvm
a&;jzpfonf/
oifonfoihf&JUomoemvkyfief;ukd ocifbk&m;twGuftokH;0if
apvkdvQif txufrSoufa&mufvmaom þynmukdvkdtyfonf/ oif
onfbk&m;ocifukd ESpfoufauseyfapaomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefvkdvQif
oihf&JUukd,fykdifpOf;pm;awG;ac:rItay:ü ,kHMunftm;xm;ír&yg/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfocifbk&m;ESihf ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,fcsufukd wpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY
&SmBuH&rnf/ uREkfyfwkYdonf ukd,fhudk,fukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\
oGefoifcsufütyfxm;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;üvnf;aumif;?
omoemvkyfief;rsm;üvnf;aumif; ocifbk&m;\vrf;jyjcif;ESihfvrf;ñTef
csufrsm;ukd &SmBuHMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ þtwGufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifESihfomí eufeJaomrdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;xJokdY 0ifa&mufMu&ef
vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ESihf tpDtpOf
rsm;ü aozkdYvkdtyfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ t,ltqESihftpDtpOfukd &SmBuHzkdY
vdktyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifem;vnfwwfuRrf;rIukd ,kHMunftm;xm;
onfxuf bk&m;ocif\vrf;jyjcif;ukd ,kHMunftm;xm;wwfzkdY oif,lMu
&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
avmuDynm\ vu©Pmrsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf avmuDynmESihfrnfodkY
uGJjym;jcm;em;oenf;/
txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf rnfolxHrSa&mufvm
ygoenf;/
oihf&JUukd,fykdifavmuDynmjzihf trIawmfaqmif&ef (okdY) &Sifoef
aexkdif&ef oifhukdoifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhaMumif;ukd awGUzl;yg
ovm;/ favmuDynmrSrnfonfhtoD;tyGifhudk oifarQmfvifhEdkif
ygoenf;/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;&dwfodrf;jcif;ukdjzpfap&ef txufrSouf
a&mufvmaomynmonf tb,fhaMumifhr&Sdrjzpfvkdtyf&
oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifonftxufrSoufa&mufvmaom ynmukdOayu©mjyKí
ukd,fhenf;ukd,fh[efjzihf vIyf&Sm;zdkYa&G;cs,fcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGihfvTwfay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ynmukd uREkfyfwkYdtm;ay;oem;zkdY vkdvkd
vm;vm;&dSaeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
txufrSOmPfynm
100 101
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufudk ykdíodjrifcHpm;Ekdif&ef oifh&JUpdwf
ESvkH;ukd zGihf[ay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ ,aeYtwGufÓPfynmukd
oifhtm;ay;oem;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
t&mcyfodrf;ü bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufukd
&SmBuH&efomí BuD;rm;jyif;xefaom pdwfqE´ukdoihftm;ay;
oem;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
1212
1212
12
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
,mukyf 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu txufrS
oufa&mufvmaomynmESihf avmuDynm\uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ukd
aqG;aEG;ajymqkdcJhonf/ xkdynmESpfck\ odomxif&Sm;aom uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufwpfckrSm txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf ESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf
Nidrf;csrf;oifhwifhjcif;ukd jzpfapcsdefwGif avmuDynmonfrmeaxmifvTm;
jcif;? *kPfNydKif&efNidK;zGJUjcif;? emusOfcg;oD;jcif;wkdYukd jzpfapygonf/ tcef;BuD;
4ukd uREkfyfwkdYpwifavhvmonfESihftrQ &Sif,mukyfu xkd*kPfNyKdif&efNidK;
zGJUjcif;ESihf emusOfcg;oD;jcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyí? 4if;wkdYonf ppfwkduf
jcif;ESihf&efawGUjiif;ckefjcif;wkdYü rnfokdYxif&Sm;xGufay:vmapMuonfukd
&Sif;jyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ]]oifwkdYwGif ppfwkdufjcif;? &ef
awGUjcif;onf tb,ftaMumif;aMumifhjzpfoenf;}} [kbGif;bGif;&Sif;&Sif;
ar;cJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf rdrdwdkY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü ½kef;uefaeMu
&onfh ,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;om;aeonfrSmxif&Sm;onf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;vufawGU&Sifoefjyo&mü
jyóemrsm;&SdaeMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu þjyóemukd ajymjyvkdonf/
102
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufudk ykdíodjrifcHpm;Ekdif&ef oifh&JUpdwf
ESvkH;ukd zGihf[ay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ ,aeYtwGufÓPfynmukd
oifhtm;ay;oem;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
t&mcyfodrf;ü bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufukd
&SmBuH&efomí BuD;rm;jyif;xefaom pdwfqE´ukdoihftm;ay;
oem;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
1212
1212
12
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;
,mukyf 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu txufrS
oufa&mufvmaomynmESihf avmuDynm\uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ukd
aqG;aEG;ajymqkdcJhonf/ xkdynmESpfck\ odomxif&Sm;aom uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufwpfckrSm txufrSoufa&mufvmaomynmonf ESdrfhcsjcif;ESihf
Nidrf;csrf;oifhwifhjcif;ukd jzpfapcsdefwGif avmuDynmonfrmeaxmifvTm;
jcif;? *kPfNydKif&efNidK;zGJUjcif;? emusOfcg;oD;jcif;wkdYukd jzpfapygonf/ tcef;BuD;
4ukd uREkfyfwkdYpwifavhvmonfESihftrQ &Sif,mukyfu xkd*kPfNyKdif&efNidK;
zGJUjcif;ESihf emusOfcg;oD;jcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyí? 4if;wkdYonf ppfwkduf
jcif;ESihf&efawGUjiif;ckefjcif;wkdYü rnfokdYxif&Sm;xGufay:vmapMuonfukd
&Sif;jyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ]]oifwkdYwGif ppfwkdufjcif;? &ef
awGUjcif;onf tb,ftaMumif;aMumifhjzpfoenf;}} [kbGif;bGif;&Sif;&Sif;
ar;cJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfonf rdrdwdkY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ü ½kef;uefaeMu
&onfh ,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;om;aeonfrSmxif&Sm;onf/ olwkdYonf
rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ukd wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;vufawGU&Sifoefjyo&mü
jyóemrsm;&SdaeMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu þjyóemukd ajymjyvkdonf/
102
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&efawGUjcif;rsm;ukd jzpfaponfhtaMumif;ukdar;cGef;xkwfNyD;aemuf
wGif &Sif,mukyfu xkdar;cGef;ukdukd,fwkdifjyefajzcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
rdrd\pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; þckduf&efjzpfyGm;jcif;onf olwkdY\pdwfESvHk;
txJüwkdufyGJjzpfaeMuaom wyfrufpdwfrsm;rS a&mufvmonf[k tod
ay;cJhonf/ þwyfrufpdwfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\ZmwdyuwdrSa&muf
vmMuonf/ Zmwdpdwfonf tjcm;olrsm;aumif;BuD;cH&csdefwGif
remvkdjiLplwwfonf/ rdrdomyxrjzpfvkdonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfukdom emcHcJhMuvQif rdrdwkdYü
&Sdaeonfht&mESihf wif;wdrfa&mifh&JcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ wpfOD;wpfa,muf
aumif;BuD;cHpm;&aomtcsdefwGif 0rf;ajrmufcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf½kHomru? xkdolwkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmü aemufxyf
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd aygif;xnfh&ef rdrdwkdY\tykdif;u@ukd qufvuf
vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmfüwnfaom rdrdwkdY\nD
tpfukdarmifESrrsm;tzkdYtvkdYiSg rdrdwdkY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdyif pGefYvTwftepfem
cHMuygvdrfhrnf/
odkYaomfolwkdY\ ZmwdawmifhwrIrsm;ukd emcHMuaomtcgt&m
tm;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;&onf/ Zmwdpdwfonf 4if;vkdcsifaomt&mukd r&
&dSaomtcgwGif remvkdjiLplí emusnf;cg;oD;vmonf/ 4if;vkdcsifaom
t&mukd &&SdzkdY&efawGUwkdufckdufygvdrfhrnf/ qkd;npfaomþwyfruf
rIqE´rsm;onf olwkdY\tawG;tac:ESihf vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd pwifxdef;csKyf
vmNyD;? toufwm\tav;xm;&mjzpfvmMuonf/ Zmwdyuwd\
qkd;npf aomwyfrufrIqE´rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYtEkdif,lMurnfenf;/
&Sif,mukyf uþusrf;csufwGif vufawGUusaomtBuHjyKcsuftcsKdUukd
ay;xm;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 2 wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYür&Sd&jcif;rSm bk&m;
ocifxHü rawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k az:jyxm;onf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufzkdY vdktyfonftajccHpnf;rsOf;
Oya'owpfck&Sdonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\wyfruf
jcif;qE´rsm;tm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHzkdY cGeftm;ay;ae
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYawmif;qkdorQukd bk&m;ocifutNrJwrf;ay;cJhvdrfh
rnf[k olrqkdvkdxm;aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd bk&m;
ocifxHodkY ,laqmifvmoifhonf[k qdkvkdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfESvkH;\
qE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü uREkfyfwkdYawmif;avQmufaomtcg bk&m;ocif
u ]][kwfNyD}} [lívnf;aumif; ]]r[kwfao;bl;}} [lívnf;aumif;ajym
ygvdrfhrnf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rsm;ukdbk&m;
ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHí bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmESihfvrf;jyOD;aqmifrI
ukd&SmBuHjcif;jzpfonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vkHukd jznfh
qnf;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY&&Sdaom aumif;BuD;r*F
vm\t&if;tjrpfjzpfoihfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd ray;zdkYbk&m;ocifu a&G;
cs,faomt&mukd bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftjzpf uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYukday;aomt&mukd bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtjzpf olYukd
csD;rGrf;&rnf/ wpfenf;r[kwfwpfenf;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;
ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESH&rnf/ oifonf Zmwdyuwd\wyfrufjcif;qE´rsm;
ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;vkdvQif yxrtaejzihfoifjyKvkyf&rnfht&mrSm xkdt&m
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHokdYaqmif,lvmí emcHjcif;ESihfESdrfhcsjcif;jzihf tvkdawmf
ukdvufcH&efjzpfonf/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;104 105
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&efawGUjcif;rsm;ukd jzpfaponfhtaMumif;ukdar;cGef;xkwfNyD;aemuf
wGif &Sif,mukyfu xkdar;cGef;ukdukd,fwkdifjyefajzcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
rdrd\pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; þckduf&efjzpfyGm;jcif;onf olwkdY\pdwfESvHk;
txJüwkdufyGJjzpfaeMuaom wyfrufpdwfrsm;rS a&mufvmonf[k tod
ay;cJhonf/ þwyfrufpdwfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\ZmwdyuwdrSa&muf
vmMuonf/ Zmwdpdwfonf tjcm;olrsm;aumif;BuD;cH&csdefwGif
remvkdjiLplwwfonf/ rdrdomyxrjzpfvkdonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfukdom emcHcJhMuvQif rdrdwkdYü
&Sdaeonfht&mESihf wif;wdrfa&mifh&JcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ wpfOD;wpfa,muf
aumif;BuD;cHpm;&aomtcsdefwGif 0rf;ajrmufcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf½kHomru? xkdolwkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmü aemufxyf
aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd aygif;xnfh&ef rdrdwkdY\tykdif;u@ukd qufvuf
vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmfüwnfaom rdrdwkdY\nD
tpfukdarmifESrrsm;tzkdYtvkdYiSg rdrdwdkY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdyif pGefYvTwftepfem
cHMuygvdrfhrnf/
odkYaomfolwkdY\ ZmwdawmifhwrIrsm;ukd emcHMuaomtcgt&m
tm;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;&onf/ Zmwdpdwfonf 4if;vkdcsifaomt&mukd r&
&dSaomtcgwGif remvkdjiLplí emusnf;cg;oD;vmonf/ 4if;vkdcsifaom
t&mukd &&SdzkdY&efawGUwkdufckdufygvdrfhrnf/ qkd;npfaomþwyfruf
rIqE´rsm;onf olwkdY\tawG;tac:ESihf vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd pwifxdef;csKyf
vmNyD;? toufwm\tav;xm;&mjzpfvmMuonf/ Zmwdyuwd\
qkd;npf aomwyfrufrIqE´rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYtEkdif,lMurnfenf;/
&Sif,mukyf uþusrf;csufwGif vufawGUusaomtBuHjyKcsuftcsKdUukd
ay;xm;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 2 wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYür&Sd&jcif;rSm bk&m;
ocifxHü rawmif;avQmufMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k az:jyxm;onf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufzkdY vdktyfonftajccHpnf;rsOf;
Oya'owpfck&Sdonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\wyfruf
jcif;qE´rsm;tm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHzkdY cGeftm;ay;ae
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYawmif;qkdorQukd bk&m;ocifutNrJwrf;ay;cJhvdrfh
rnf[k olrqkdvkdxm;aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd bk&m;
ocifxHodkY ,laqmifvmoifhonf[k qdkvkdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfESvkH;\
qE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü uREkfyfwkdYawmif;avQmufaomtcg bk&m;ocif
u ]][kwfNyD}} [lívnf;aumif; ]]r[kwfao;bl;}} [lívnf;aumif;ajym
ygvdrfhrnf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rsm;ukdbk&m;
ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHí bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmESihfvrf;jyOD;aqmifrI
ukd&SmBuHjcif;jzpfonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vkHukd jznfh
qnf;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY&&Sdaom aumif;BuD;r*F
vm\t&if;tjrpfjzpfoihfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd ray;zdkYbk&m;ocifu a&G;
cs,faomt&mukd bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftjzpf uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYukday;aomt&mukd bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtjzpf olYukd
csD;rGrf;&rnf/ wpfenf;r[kwfwpfenf;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;
ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESH&rnf/ oifonf Zmwdyuwd\wyfrufjcif;qE´rsm;
ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;vkdvQif yxrtaejzihfoifjyKvkyf&rnfht&mrSm xkdt&m
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHokdYaqmif,lvmí emcHjcif;ESihfESdrfhcsjcif;jzihf tvkdawmf
ukdvufcH&efjzpfonf/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;104 105
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\txJrStjyifokdY vQHwufvmonhfpdwfqE´ESifhywf
oufí 'kwd,taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyf&rnfht&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;cH
pdwfxm;rsm;ukd prf;ppf&efjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þpdwfqE´rsm;\aemufuG,fü&Sdaeaom t&if;cH
pdwfxm;rsm;onf bk&m;ukdodaompdwfrsm;tNrJr[kwfwwfMuyg[k ajymcJh
onf/ olwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü aqmif,lvmcJhMuaomtcg
4if;wkdY\aemufuG,f&Sd t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;ukd olwkdY*½kwpkdufprf;ppfzkdY
vdktyfonf/ tcsKdUaomtajctaersm;wGif olwkdY\t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;
onf taoG;tom;awmifhwrIrsm;ukd auseyfESpfodrfh&eftwGufjzpfaeNyD;?
bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGufr[kwfcJhyg/ tjcm;aomtajctaersm;
wGif þwyfrufjcif;qE´rsm;onf avmuDudkpGJvef;onfh azmufjyefaom
cspfjcif;\&vm'frsm;jzpfMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\om,mrIukd rESpfoufyg[laom
tawG;rsKd;ukd txufygtcsuftm;jzifhtxifrrSwfapcsifyg/ trSefqkd&
vQif xkdtawG;rsKd;ESihfqefYusifí bk&m;ocifonfuREfkyfwkdYtm; þavmu
ü aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifaexkdifEkdifMuzdkY ajrmufjrm;pGmaomt&mrsm;ukd ay;xm;
onf/ okdYaomf wpfcgwpf&HwGif þt&mrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxufyif
uREkfyfwkdYtwGufykdíta&;ygvmMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmwGif yxrjzpf&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü,laqmifvmMuonf
ESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf ]]uREkfyf\ pdwf&if;onf bk&m;ocifukdauseyfapí
bk&m;ocifukd *kPfjyKzkdYr[kwfygvm; (okdY) uREkfyfonf ukd,fhtwGuf? ukd,fh&JU
om,mrItwGufukdom t"dutav;xm;aeygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwyfruf
awmif;waeaomt&mukd bk&m;ocifupGefYvTwfay;qyfzkdY awmif;qkdvQif
xkdt&mukd vkdvkdvm;vm;pGefYvTwfay;qyfvkdygovm;}} [laomar;cGef;ukd
ar;&rnf/
tcef;i,f 4 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifESihf
olwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd jyefvnfowd&MuzkdY qifhac:cJhonf/ ,aeYwGif
oifonf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpfaevQif oifonfbk&m;ocifESihf qufqH
&if;ESD;rIxJü 0ifa&mufaecJhygonf/ olonfoifh&JUocif? oifh&JUu,fwif
&Sifjzpfonf/ oifonfukd,fhukd,fukd opöm&SdoltjzpfESihf olxHwGifqufuyf
tyfESHcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ oifonf oihf&JUtoufwmukd olYxHüay;tyfcJhNyD
jzpfonf/ þavmuESihfpyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;twGuf olYukdausmckdif;jcif;
onf 0dnmOfa&;&mazmufjyefjcif; tjypfxkdufygonf/ Zmwdyuwdü ppfyGJ
ETJaeaom wyfrufrIqE´rsm;onf ocifbk&m;\ae&mukd vkH;0r,loihfyg/
olonf uREkfyfwkdYpdwfESvkH;\ yxrt&mjzpf&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\w&m;em;y&dowfwkdYtm; avmuESihfrdwfaqG
zGJUjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\&efoljzpfaMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf
(i,f 4)/ avmuESihfrdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;onf uREkfyfwdkY\tjriftm½kHrsm;
ukd ocifbk&m;xHrS z,f&Sm;ypfygvdrfhrnf/ uRkEkfyfwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;onf
ocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\t<uif;rJhociftjzpf tapcH&efuREkfyfwkdY\
qufuyftyfESHxm;rIü opömr&Sdatmifvkyfaeygovm;[k ukd,fhukd,fukd
ar;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ xkdpdwfqE´rsm;onf ocifa,½IukduREkfyf\ppfrSefaom
rdwfaqGtjzpfrS uREkfyf\tjriftm½kHpl;pkdufrIukd z,f&SmMuvdrfhrnfvm;/
cifyGef;onfwpfa,mufu rdrd\ZeD;onfjzpfolxHrS t<uif;rJhopöm&Sdjcif;
ukd awmifhwouJhokdY bk&m;ocifonfvnf; t<uif;rJhtm½kHpl;pkdufrIESihf
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;106 107
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\txJrStjyifokdY vQHwufvmonhfpdwfqE´ESifhywf
oufí 'kwd,taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyf&rnfht&mrSm uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;cH
pdwfxm;rsm;ukd prf;ppf&efjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þpdwfqE´rsm;\aemufuG,fü&Sdaeaom t&if;cH
pdwfxm;rsm;onf bk&m;ukdodaompdwfrsm;tNrJr[kwfwwfMuyg[k ajymcJh
onf/ olwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü aqmif,lvmcJhMuaomtcg
4if;wkdY\aemufuG,f&Sd t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;ukd olwkdY*½kwpkdufprf;ppfzkdY
vdktyfonf/ tcsKdUaomtajctaersm;wGif olwkdY\t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;
onf taoG;tom;awmifhwrIrsm;ukd auseyfESpfodrfh&eftwGufjzpfaeNyD;?
bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGufr[kwfcJhyg/ tjcm;aomtajctaersm;
wGif þwyfrufjcif;qE´rsm;onf avmuDudkpGJvef;onfh azmufjyefaom
cspfjcif;\&vm'frsm;jzpfMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\om,mrIukd rESpfoufyg[laom
tawG;rsKd;ukd txufygtcsuftm;jzifhtxifrrSwfapcsifyg/ trSefqkd&
vQif xkdtawG;rsKd;ESihfqefYusifí bk&m;ocifonfuREfkyfwkdYtm; þavmu
ü aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifaexkdifEkdifMuzdkY ajrmufjrm;pGmaomt&mrsm;ukd ay;xm;
onf/ okdYaomf wpfcgwpf&HwGif þt&mrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxufyif
uREkfyfwkdYtwGufykdíta&;ygvmMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmwGif yxrjzpf&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHü,laqmifvmMuonf
ESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf ]]uREkfyf\ pdwf&if;onf bk&m;ocifukdauseyfapí
bk&m;ocifukd *kPfjyKzkdYr[kwfygvm; (okdY) uREkfyfonf ukd,fhtwGuf? ukd,fh&JU
om,mrItwGufukdom t"dutav;xm;aeygovm; (okdY) uREkfyfwyfruf
awmif;waeaomt&mukd bk&m;ocifupGefYvTwfay;qyfzkdY awmif;qkdvQif
xkdt&mukd vkdvkdvm;vm;pGefYvTwfay;qyfvkdygovm;}} [laomar;cGef;ukd
ar;&rnf/
tcef;i,f 4 wGif &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifESihf
olwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd jyefvnfowd&MuzkdY qifhac:cJhonf/ ,aeYwGif
oifonf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;jzpfaevQif oifonfbk&m;ocifESihf qufqH
&if;ESD;rIxJü 0ifa&mufaecJhygonf/ olonfoifh&JUocif? oifh&JUu,fwif
&Sifjzpfonf/ oifonfukd,fhukd,fukd opöm&SdoltjzpfESihf olxHwGifqufuyf
tyfESHcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ oifonf oihf&JUtoufwmukd olYxHüay;tyfcJhNyD
jzpfonf/ þavmuESihfpyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;twGuf olYukdausmckdif;jcif;
onf 0dnmOfa&;&mazmufjyefjcif; tjypfxkdufygonf/ Zmwdyuwdü ppfyGJ
ETJaeaom wyfrufrIqE´rsm;onf ocifbk&m;\ae&mukd vkH;0r,loihfyg/
olonf uREkfyfwkdYpdwfESvkH;\ yxrt&mjzpf&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\w&m;em;y&dowfwkdYtm; avmuESihfrdwfaqG
zGJUjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\&efoljzpfaMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf
(i,f 4)/ avmuESihfrdwfo[m,zGJUjcif;onf uREkfyfwdkY\tjriftm½kHrsm;
ukd ocifbk&m;xHrS z,f&Sm;ypfygvdrfhrnf/ uRkEkfyfwkdY\pdwfqE´rsm;onf
ocifc&pfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\t<uif;rJhociftjzpf tapcH&efuREkfyfwkdY\
qufuyftyfESHxm;rIü opömr&Sdatmifvkyfaeygovm;[k ukd,fhukd,fukd
ar;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ xkdpdwfqE´rsm;onf ocifa,½IukduREkfyf\ppfrSefaom
rdwfaqGtjzpfrS uREkfyf\tjriftm½kHpl;pkdufrIukd z,f&SmMuvdrfhrnfvm;/
cifyGef;onfwpfa,mufu rdrd\ZeD;onfjzpfolxHrS t<uif;rJhopöm&Sdjcif;
ukd awmifhwouJhokdY bk&m;ocifonfvnf; t<uif;rJhtm½kHpl;pkdufrIESihf
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;106 107
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
opöm&SdrIwkdYukd &SmBuHawmif;qkdxm;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
,kHMunfolwkdY\txJü udef;0yfawmfrlaombk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf
onf jyif;jyif;xefxef remvkdjiLplwwfaMumif;ukd EIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onf[k qufvufíajymjyxm;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmtwGuf tvGeftrif;o0efwkd
aeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf Zmwd\wyfrufawmifhwjcif;qE´rsm;ESihf vkH;yef
aeMu&onfESihftrQ þtcsufukduREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;ürSwfxm;&efrSm
tb,frQta&;BuD;oenf;/ rnfonfhcifyGef;onfurQ ZeD;onfjzpfolu
tjcm;olwpfOD;xHü pdwfa&mufoGm;onfukd rjrifcsifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwftm½kHukd þavmuwGif qufpyfaeaomt&mrsm;tay:ü ajymif;
aomtcg bk&m;ocifraysmfyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwftm½kH
jyKjcif;ukd awmifhwygonf/ olY&JUESvkH;om;onf jyif;xefaomo0efwkdpdwf
rsm;ESihftwl uREkfyfwkdYukd[pfac:aeygonf/ oihf&JUZmwdyuwd\ tmom
ajypdwfauseyfjcif;twGuf [pfatmfawmif;qkdoHukd oifMum;aomtcg
bk&m;ocifu rdrd\om;orD;wpfOD;taejzihf oihftay:üxm;&Sdaom
jyif;xefonfh cspfjcif;arwåmukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;yg/ olonfoihftwGuf
vnf;aumif;? oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGufvnf;aumif; taocHcJhonfukd
jyefvnfowd&zdkYtcsdef,lyg/ ol&JUESvkH;om;onf oihf&JUcspfjcif;arwåmESihf
opöm&SdrIwkdYukd atmf[pfawmif;waeygonf/ tjcm;rnfolurQ oihfukd
rcspfcJhMuonfhenf;vrf;jzihf oihfukdolcspfonf/ þuJhokdYaom cspfjcif;
arwåmukdaemufxyf oifawGUawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ þcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
\ tppftrSefjzpfjcif;u oihfESvkH;om;ukd wkdYxdapyg/ oihftay:üxm;&Sd
aombk&m;ocif\ jyif;xefonfho0efwkdpdwfukd oiftrSefwu,fem;
vnfvmaomtcg Zmwdyuwd\awmifhwjcif;qE´rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\
pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;ukd qkH;½IH;avQmhcsvmMuygvdrhfrnf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocifonf
ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;tm; aus;Zl;awmfukdykdí ay;oem;awmfrlNyD;? axmifvTm;
aomolwkdYukd qefYusifjiif;y,fawmfrlonf[k today;xm;onf/ þae&m
&Sd usrf;abmiftquftpyfonf Zmwdyuwd\qkd;npfaom qE´awmifh
wrIrsm;ESihf qufEG,faeonf/ Zmwdyuwdonf tvGeftpGrf;BuD;aMumif;
ukd uRekfyfwkdYodxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü 4if;\qGJiiftm;ukd
cHpm;Muygonf/ þae&mü &Sif,mukyfajymjyaeaomt&monf uREkfyfwkdY
\txJü wkdufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif bk&m;ocifuomírsm;aom aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;&efqE´&Sdaeonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf[k xifrSwf&
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfonf xkdpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;umvukd
jzwfoef;atmifEkdifEkdifzkdY jynfhpkHvkHavmufaeygvdrhfrnf/ oifonfrSefuef
aomt&mudkjyKvkyfEkdifzkdY jynfhpkHvkHavmufaeygvdrhfrnf/ oifonfrSefuef
aomt&mukd jyKvkyfvkdvQif ocifbk&m;onf oifhtm;tqkd;ukdckcHqD;wm;
ípkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd atmifEkdifzdkYvkdtyfaom aus;Zl;awmfukday;o
em;ygvdrhfrnf/ okdYaomf? oifonfZmwdqefaomawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd
acgif;rmvQuf ZGwfwkd;vkyfaevQif oifonfocifbk&m;ukd ab;z,fxm;&m
a&mufonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\aus;Zl;awmfudkESdrfhcspGmvufcH&&Sdvkd
aomolrsm;xHü tjrifhqkH;trSwftxd ay;oem;íbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,f
csufukd ½kdif;½kdif;pkdif;pkdif;jiif;y,faomolrsm;xHrS xkdaus;Zl;awmfukd ½kyfodrf;
ygonf/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;108 109
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
opöm&SdrIwkdYukd &SmBuHawmif;qkdxm;ygonf/
tcef;i,f 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
,kHMunfolwkdY\txJü udef;0yfawmfrlaombk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf
onf jyif;jyif;xefxef remvkdjiLplwwfaMumif;ukd EIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onf[k qufvufíajymjyxm;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmtwGuf tvGeftrif;o0efwkd
aeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf Zmwd\wyfrufawmifhwjcif;qE´rsm;ESihf vkH;yef
aeMu&onfESihftrQ þtcsufukduREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;ürSwfxm;&efrSm
tb,frQta&;BuD;oenf;/ rnfonfhcifyGef;onfurQ ZeD;onfjzpfolu
tjcm;olwpfOD;xHü pdwfa&mufoGm;onfukd rjrifcsifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwftm½kHukd þavmuwGif qufpyfaeaomt&mrsm;tay:ü ajymif;
aomtcg bk&m;ocifraysmfyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwftm½kH
jyKjcif;ukd awmifhwygonf/ olY&JUESvkH;om;onf jyif;xefaomo0efwkdpdwf
rsm;ESihftwl uREkfyfwkdYukd[pfac:aeygonf/ oihf&JUZmwdyuwd\ tmom
ajypdwfauseyfjcif;twGuf [pfatmfawmif;qkdoHukd oifMum;aomtcg
bk&m;ocifu rdrd\om;orD;wpfOD;taejzihf oihftay:üxm;&Sdaom
jyif;xefonfh cspfjcif;arwåmukd xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;yg/ olonfoihftwGuf
vnf;aumif;? oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGufvnf;aumif; taocHcJhonfukd
jyefvnfowd&zdkYtcsdef,lyg/ ol&JUESvkH;om;onf oihf&JUcspfjcif;arwåmESihf
opöm&SdrIwkdYukd atmf[pfawmif;waeygonf/ tjcm;rnfolurQ oihfukd
rcspfcJhMuonfhenf;vrf;jzihf oihfukdolcspfonf/ þuJhokdYaom cspfjcif;
arwåmukdaemufxyf oifawGUawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ þcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
\ tppftrSefjzpfjcif;u oihfESvkH;om;ukd wkdYxdapyg/ oihftay:üxm;&Sd
aombk&m;ocif\ jyif;xefonfho0efwkdpdwfukd oiftrSefwu,fem;
vnfvmaomtcg Zmwdyuwd\awmifhwjcif;qE´rsm;onf 4if;wkdY\
pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;ukd qkH;½IH;avQmhcsvmMuygvdrhfrnf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm;bk&m;ocifonf
ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;tm; aus;Zl;awmfukdykdí ay;oem;awmfrlNyD;? axmifvTm;
aomolwkdYukd qefYusifjiif;y,fawmfrlonf[k today;xm;onf/ þae&m
&Sd usrf;abmiftquftpyfonf Zmwdyuwd\qkd;npfaom qE´awmifh
wrIrsm;ESihf qufEG,faeonf/ Zmwdyuwdonf tvGeftpGrf;BuD;aMumif;
ukd uRekfyfwkdYodxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü 4if;\qGJiiftm;ukd
cHpm;Muygonf/ þae&mü &Sif,mukyfajymjyaeaomt&monf uREkfyfwkdY
\txJü wkdufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif bk&m;ocifuomírsm;aom aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;&efqE´&Sdaeonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf[k xifrSwf&
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfonf xkdpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;umvukd
jzwfoef;atmifEkdifEkdifzkdY jynfhpkHvkHavmufaeygvdrhfrnf/ oifonfrSefuef
aomt&mudkjyKvkyfEkdifzkdY jynfhpkHvkHavmufaeygvdrhfrnf/ oifonfrSefuef
aomt&mukd jyKvkyfvkdvQif ocifbk&m;onf oifhtm;tqkd;ukdckcHqD;wm;
ípkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ukd atmifEkdifzdkYvkdtyfaom aus;Zl;awmfukday;o
em;ygvdrhfrnf/ okdYaomf? oifonfZmwdqefaomawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd
acgif;rmvQuf ZGwfwkd;vkyfaevQif oifonfocifbk&m;ukd ab;z,fxm;&m
a&mufonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\aus;Zl;awmfudkESdrfhcspGmvufcH&&Sdvkd
aomolrsm;xHü tjrifhqkH;trSwftxd ay;oem;íbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,f
csufukd ½kdif;½kdif;pkdif;pkdif;jiif;y,faomolrsm;xHrS xkdaus;Zl;awmfukd ½kyfodrf;
ygonf/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;108 109
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
Zmwdyuwd\ qkd;npfaomqE´awmifhwrIrsm;ukd oif&ifqkdif&
aomtcg xkdqE´awmifhwrIrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHokdYaqmif,lvmí bk&m;
ocif\ÓPfynmukd &SmBuHzdkY&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukdajymcJhonf/
olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;ukdjyefvnfprf;ppfzdkY pdefac:xm;
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGufvm;? uRekfyfwkdYom,mauseyfzkdY
twGufvm;/ þawmifhwrIqE´rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihf
uif;uGmapMurnfvm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifESihf
bk&m;ocif\jyif;xefaom cspfjcif;arwåmqDokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;
rnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfh
csvQuf &SmBuHaomolrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;awmftvQHy,fxif&Sm;vdrfhrnf
[k &Sif,mukyfuuwday;xm;onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rnfonfhZmwdawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd oif&ifqkdifzdkY&SdcJhoenf;/
þawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;zdkYulnDay;&ef &Sif,m
ukyfu rnfonfhtajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
ay;xm;oenf;/
uREfkyfwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ jyif;xefonfhcspfjcif;
arwåmtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&oenf;/
awmifhwrIqE´tm;vkH;onf tjypf&Sdygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\awmifh
wrIqE´rsm;onf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tjypf&Sdvmoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
Zmwd\qkd;npfaomawmifhwrIqE´rsm;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd
oihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftay:üxm;&Sdaom jyif;xefonfhawmifhwrIESihf o0efwkdjcif;
wkdYtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ociftay:ü xm;&Sdaom oihf&JUcspfjcif;ESihf opöm&Sdjcif;wkdY
ukdwkd;jr§ifhay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifukd ESdrfhcspGmjzihf &SmBuHí? bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufukd emcHjcif;jzihf avQmufvSrf;&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdMu
aomtcgwGif uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaom aus;Zl;awmftm;vkH;ukd ay;
oem;awmfrlrnf[laom uwdawmftwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;110 111
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
Zmwdyuwd\ qkd;npfaomqE´awmifhwrIrsm;ukd oif&ifqkdif&
aomtcg xkdqE´awmifhwrIrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifxHokdYaqmif,lvmí bk&m;
ocif\ÓPfynmukd &SmBuHzdkY&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukdajymcJhonf/
olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ t&if;cHpdwfxm;rsm;ukdjyefvnfprf;ppfzdkY pdefac:xm;
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmftwGufvm;? uRekfyfwkdYom,mauseyfzkdY
twGufvm;/ þawmifhwrIqE´rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihf
uif;uGmapMurnfvm; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifESihf
bk&m;ocif\jyif;xefaom cspfjcif;arwåmqDokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;
rnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfh
csvQuf &SmBuHaomolrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;awmftvQHy,fxif&Sm;vdrfhrnf
[k &Sif,mukyfuuwday;xm;onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rnfonfhZmwdawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd oif&ifqkdifzdkY&SdcJhoenf;/
þawmifhwrIqE´rsm;ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;zdkYulnDay;&ef &Sif,m
ukyfu rnfonfhtajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
ay;xm;oenf;/
uREfkyfwkdYtay:üxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ jyif;xefonfhcspfjcif;
arwåmtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&oenf;/
awmifhwrIqE´tm;vkH;onf tjypf&Sdygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\awmifh
wrIqE´rsm;onf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tjypf&Sdvmoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
Zmwd\qkd;npfaomawmifhwrIqE´rsm;tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd
oihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftay:üxm;&Sdaom jyif;xefonfhawmifhwrIESihf o0efwkdjcif;
wkdYtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ociftay:ü xm;&Sdaom oihf&JUcspfjcif;ESihf opöm&Sdjcif;wkdY
ukdwkd;jr§ifhay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifukd ESdrfhcspGmjzihf &SmBuHí? bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufukd emcHjcif;jzihf avQmufvSrf;&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdMu
aomtcgwGif uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaom aus;Zl;awmftm;vkH;ukd ay;
oem;awmfrlrnf[laom uwdawmftwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
avmuESihfrdwfaqGzGJUjcif;110 111
1313
1313
13
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
,mukyf 4;7-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf jynfh0ít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom toufwmqDodkY
oGm;&mvrf;rSmtb,fenf;/ þusrf;csufwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfppfrSefaom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf b0\t"dyÜg,fukdrnfokdY &SmBuHEkdifonfukd &Sif,mukyfu
azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHygbk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHygbk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü
bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrI tpkHtvifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\aumif;
BuD;r*Fvmukdvnf;aumif; odvkdvQifbk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufü toufwmrsm;ukd qufuyftyfESHzkdY vdktyfaMumif;ajymjy
jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtpjyKcJhonf/ ]]0efcHtyfESHjcif;}} [laompum;vkH; onf
ppfwyfokH;pum;vkH;jzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm;urdrdwdkY\ txuft&m&Sd rsm;\
trdefYatmufwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdrnfokdYpDpOf jyifqifMuonfukd azmfjy onf/
okdYaomf þqufuyftyfESHjcif;onf qE´tavsmufjzpfay:vm
aomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKoifhonf/ &efolonftwif;t"r®zdtm;
ay;rSom 0efcHtyfESHcJhygvdrhfrnf/ okdYaomfppfom;rsm;onf rdrdwkdYY&JU
1313
1313
13
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
,mukyf 4;7-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf jynfh0ít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom toufwmqDodkY
oGm;&mvrf;rSmtb,fenf;/ þusrf;csufwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfppfrSefaom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf b0\t"dyÜg,fukdrnfokdY &SmBuHEkdifonfukd &Sif,mukyfu
azmfxkwfjyocJhonf/
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHygbk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHygbk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
bk&m;ocifxHü qufuyftyfESHyg
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü
bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrI tpkHtvifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\aumif;
BuD;r*Fvmukdvnf;aumif; odvkdvQifbk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufü toufwmrsm;ukd qufuyftyfESHzkdY vdktyfaMumif;ajymjy
jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtpjyKcJhonf/ ]]0efcHtyfESHjcif;}} [laompum;vkH; onf
ppfwyfokH;pum;vkH;jzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm;urdrdwdkY\ txuft&m&Sd rsm;\
trdefYatmufwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdrnfokdYpDpOf jyifqifMuonfukd azmfjy onf/
okdYaomf þqufuyftyfESHjcif;onf qE´tavsmufjzpfay:vm
aomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKoifhonf/ &efolonftwif;t"r®zdtm;
ay;rSom 0efcHtyfESHcJhygvdrhfrnf/ okdYaomfppfom;rsm;onf rdrdwkdYY&JU
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wyfwGif;t&m&Sdrsm;\ trdefYukdemcH&ef ukd,fhukd,fukdvkdvkdvm;vm; ay;tyf
cJhygvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
xHü qE´tavsmuf 0efcHtyfESHzkdY vdktyfaMumif;ukdajymjyaecJhonf/
avmuDom;rsm;u þtcsif;t&mudkMunfhNyD;? 4if;onfb0\
t"dyÜg,fESihf &nf&G,fcsufukdrnfokdY aqmif,lvmcJhEkdifonfukd em;rvnf
Muyg/ bk&m;ocifxHrS vGwfajrmufcsifNyD; rdrdwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd
vkyfaeMuaomolrsm;onf þavmuüb0\t"dyÜg,fukd tonf;toef
jzihf tcsnf;ESD;&SmBuHaeMuaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcH
tyfESHaomolrsm;omvQif b0\ppfrSefaomxl;jcm;csufukd &SmazGawGU&Sd
Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdzefqif;cJhNyD; uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
taumif;qkH;t&mukdvnf;odonf/ bk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;rsm;onf
uREkfyfwkdYukd csnfaESmifzdkY? uREkfyfwkdYukd wm;jrpfydwfyifzkdY r&nf&G,fxm;yg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ toufwmrsm;ukd tjynfh0qkH;tajctaejzihf &SifoefEkdifzdkY
&nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ þavmu\ ysufpD;azgufjyefaeaompepfu uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaomt&mukd ray;Ekdifyg/ bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;onf
b0\t"dyÜg,fESihf &nf&G,fcsufukd &SmazGzdkYwpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifhcsuf
jzpfonf/
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;ygrm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;ygrm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkYdtm; aemufxyfajymjycJh
aomt&mrSm olwkdYonfrm&fewfukd wGef;vSefqD;wm;zkdY vkdtyfaMumif;jzpf
onf/ pmwef\ pdwfqE´rSm ,kHMunfolwkdYu bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd oHo,jzpfNyD;? jiif;y,fum? remcH&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifxHü
0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;jcif;wkdYwGif qufEG,frIwpfck&Sd onf/
bk&m;ocifxHüvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ü vnf;aumif;
ukd,fhukd,fukd 0efcHtyfESHjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;Mu
ygonf/ rme&fwfukdqD;wm;jcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;ukdMum;emí ynwf
csufrsm;ukdvkdufavQmufusifhBuHjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifxHodkY OD;vSnfhjcif;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonf rm&fewfESihf4if;\ vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;rS OD;vSnfhoGm;Muonf/
t&mcyfodrf;wGif ocifbk&m;xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;jzihf rm&fewfukd
uREkfyfwkdYqD;wm;Muonf/ þtcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwkdYü&SdorQt&m
tm;vkH;yg0ifonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ awmifhwrIqE´rsm;üaoí bk&m;ocif
wpfyg;wnf;ukdom &SmMuzdkYvkdtyfvdrfhrnf/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf bk&m;
w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;wkdYrS uREkfyfwkdYukdtm½kHvGJoGm;apaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd
uRekfyfwkdYxHrS z,f&Sm;jcif;ukdqkdkvkdvdrhfrnf/ ocifbk&m;xHü 0efcHtyfESH
jcif;jzihf rmewfukdqD;wm;MuonfESihftrQ &Sif,mukyfay;xm;aom uwd
pum;rSm &efolonfuREkfyfwkdYxHrS ajy;oGm;vdrfhrnf[líjzpfonf/ &efol
onf jrifhjrwfjzLpifjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;wkdUukd &GHrkef;onf/ uRekfyf
wkdYonf toufwmü&efolukd ajcukyf,lzkdYcGihfrjyKoihfyg/
bk&m;ocifhxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfygbk&m;ocifhxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfyg
bk&m;ocifhxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfygbk&m;ocifhxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfyg
bk&m;ocifhxHawmfokdY csOf;uyfyg
&Sif,mukyf\ wwd,ajrmufpdefac:csufrSm bk&m;ocifhxHawmf
odkY csOf;uyf&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifhxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf txHawmf
okdYcsOf;uyfjcif;wkdYwGif uGJJjym;jcm;em;rIwpfck&Sdonf/ ppfom;wpfa,muf
onf txuft&m&Sd\trdfefYukd emcHEkdifNyD; xkdt&m&SdESihf eD;pyfuRrf;0ifjcif;
r&Sdvnf;jzpfaeEkdifygonf/ uRefwpfOD;onf rdrd\ocifukd emcHEkdifyg aomf
114 115jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wyfwGif;t&m&Sdrsm;\ trdefYukdemcH&ef ukd,fhukd,fukdvkdvkdvm;vm; ay;tyf
cJhygvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
xHü qE´tavsmuf 0efcHtyfESHzkdY vdktyfaMumif;ukdajymjyaecJhonf/
avmuDom;rsm;u þtcsif;t&mudkMunfhNyD;? 4if;onfb0\
t"dyÜg,fESihf &nf&G,fcsufukdrnfokdY aqmif,lvmcJhEkdifonfukd em;rvnf
Muyg/ bk&m;ocifxHrS vGwfajrmufcsifNyD; rdrdwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd
vkyfaeMuaomolrsm;onf þavmuüb0\t"dyÜg,fukd tonf;toef
jzihf tcsnf;ESD;&SmBuHaeMuaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcH
tyfESHaomolrsm;omvQif b0\ppfrSefaomxl;jcm;csufukd &SmazGawGU&Sd
Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdzefqif;cJhNyD; uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
taumif;qkH;t&mukdvnf;odonf/ bk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;rsm;onf
uREkfyfwkdYukd csnfaESmifzdkY? uREkfyfwkdYukd wm;jrpfydwfyifzkdY r&nf&G,fxm;yg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ toufwmrsm;ukd tjynfh0qkH;tajctaejzihf &SifoefEkdifzdkY
&nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ þavmu\ ysufpD;azgufjyefaeaompepfu uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaomt&mukd ray;Ekdifyg/ bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;onf
b0\t"dyÜg,fESihf &nf&G,fcsufukd &SmazGzdkYwpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifhcsuf
jzpfonf/
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;ygrm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;ygrm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
rm&fewfukdqD;wm;yg
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkYdtm; aemufxyfajymjycJh
aomt&mrSm olwkdYonfrm&fewfukd wGef;vSefqD;wm;zkdY vkdtyfaMumif;jzpf
onf/ pmwef\ pdwfqE´rSm ,kHMunfolwkdYu bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd oHo,jzpfNyD;? jiif;y,fum? remcH&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifxHü
0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;jcif;wkdYwGif qufEG,frIwpfck&Sd onf/
bk&m;ocifxHüvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ü vnf;aumif;
ukd,fhukd,fukd 0efcHtyfESHjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;Mu
ygonf/ rme&fwfukdqD;wm;jcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;ukdMum;emí ynwf
csufrsm;ukdvkdufavQmufusifhBuHjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifxHodkY OD;vSnfhjcif;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonf rm&fewfESihf4if;\ vSnfhjzm;rIrsm;rS OD;vSnfhoGm;Muonf/
t&mcyfodrf;wGif ocifbk&m;xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;jzihf rm&fewfukd
uREkfyfwkdYqD;wm;Muonf/ þtcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwkdYü&SdorQt&m
tm;vkH;yg0ifonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ awmifhwrIqE´rsm;üaoí bk&m;ocif
wpfyg;wnf;ukdom &SmMuzdkYvkdtyfvdrfhrnf/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf bk&m;
w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;wkdYrS uREkfyfwkdYukdtm½kHvGJoGm;apaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd
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116 117
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116 117
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aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;? ylaqG;wrf;wjcif;? aomua0'emjzihf ikda<u;aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;? ylaqG;wrf;wjcif;? aomua0'emjzihf ikda<u;
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;? ylaqG;wrf;wjcif;? aomua0'emjzihf ikda<u;
jrnfwrf;jcif;jrnfwrf;jcif;
jrnfwrf;jcif;jrnfwrf;jcif;
jrnfwrf;jcif;
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;? ylaqG;wrf;wjcif;? aomua0'emjzihf idka<u;
jrnfwrf;jcif;wdkYonf tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü usKd;yJhaMuuGJjcif;ESihfouf
qkdifonf/ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;íylaqG;wrf;waomolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;awmf
rlaombk&m;ocifukdrdrdwdkYapmfum;rdcJhaMumif;ukd jyefvnftrSwf& vmMu
aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypfESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufrsm;t
ay:ü ppfrSefaom0rf;enf; aemifw&jcif;ukd &&SdzkdYroif,lrcsif; c&pf,mef
toufwmü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf &Tifvef;jcif;vnf;&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;jcif;ESihf ylaqG;wrf;wjcif;wkdYukd tjcm;½IaxmifhrS
vnf;MunfhEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf at;aq;oufomaomtoufwm
twGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:rxm;yg/ &efolukd wkdufvSefqD;wm;jcif;jzihf
wkdufyGJukdETJMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:xm;ygonf/ þwkdufyGJonf rvG,f
ulyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü&Sdaom 0dnmOfwkdufyGJwGif qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;? cufcJ
½kef;uefrIrsm; &Sdygvdrhfrnf/ cufcJ½kef;uefrIrsm;ukd &ifqkdif&eftqifoihf
jzpfaeaomolrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifvkduf&Smaeygonf/ vuf&SdwkdufyGJü
emusifrI'ku© rsm;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfaeaomolrsm;onf þb0ü
vnf;aumif;? vmrnfhb0üvnf;aumif; aumif;BuD;r*FvmESihf topf
jyKjyifjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
0rf;ajrmufjcif; uif;rJhaeMuzdkY qifhac:rxm;cJhyg/ toufwmukd av;av;
eufeuf&Sifoef MuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ þtcsdefonf wkdufyGJqifETJ
ae&aomcsdefcgjzpfonf/ xm0&tem;,ljcif;onf a&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/
okdYaomf ,cktwGufrl wkdufyGJukdqifETJMu&rnf/ raumif;rI'kp½kdufuukd
qefYusifí þwkdufyGJü yg0ifqifETJaomolrsm;omvQif 4if;wkdYtwGufxm;&Sd
aom bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufukd jynfhjynfh00od&SdEkdifMuonf/
118 119jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frsm;&Sd &Sif,mukyf\aemufqkH;pdefac:csufrSm
ocifbk&m;a&SUawmfü pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsaom
olwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocif\txufü rcsD;ajr§mufbJ bk&m;ocif
xHüvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfüvnf;aumif; 0efcHtyfEHSyg
vdrhfrnf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tjypfukd owd&íxkdtjypfukd 0efcsawmif;yef
umxkdtjypftwGuf aMuuGJ0rf;enf;Muygvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;\tusKd;
tvkdYiSg olwkdY\wpfukd,faumif;qefaom om,maysmf&TifrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
vkdvkdvm;vm;0efcHtyfESHMuygvdrfhrnf/
ukd,fhukd,fukd ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;twGuf tcef;i,f 10 ü awGU&
onfh *wdawmfrSmbk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufawmfrlrnf[líjzpf
onf/ olwkdYonf *kPfjyKjcif;cHMu&vdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\ocifbk&m;ü &Tifvef;
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf aumif;BuD;r*FvmwkdY\ jynfhpkH<u,f0jcif;ukd olwkdYodjrif
cHpm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\toufwmonf xl;jcm;rIESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mtm;vkH;onf avmuDukdjiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzihf
vnf;aumif;? rm&fewfukdwGef;vSef qD;wm;jcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifha&SUawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhudk,fukd ESdrfhcsjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
a&mufvm Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkd
oenf;/
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;jcif;wkdY\
qufEG,frIrSm tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifxHokdY csOf;uyfjcif;
wkdY\jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY\
txJü &SmBuHaeaomt&mESihf pyfvsOf;í þtcsufurnfokdY
ajymjyxm;oenf;/
uREkffyfwkdY\vufrsm;ukd aq;aMumoefYpifjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd jzLpifoefY&Sif;apjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,f
enf;/ oifhtaejzihfvufawGU rusL;vGefawmhaomfvnf; pdwfxJü
awmifhwvQuf&Sdaeao;onfh tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;&Sdygovm;/ þ
awmifhwjcif;qE´rsm; &Sdaeaomoihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifu
jzLpifoefY&Sif;apEkdifygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwm\ tcuftcJrsm;taMumif;ukd þae&mü
uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY oif,l&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd csD;ajr§mufvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu
ajymqkdcJhcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd olqkdvkdcJhygoenf;/ þcsD;
ajr§mufcH&jcif;twGuf tajctaeowfrSwfcsufrsm;rSm tb,f
enf;/
ocifbk&m;u oifhukday;oem;vkdaom jynfh0onfhtoufwmukd
oifBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef rnfonfht&mjzpfysufzdkY vkdtyfaeygoenf;/
120 121jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
rdrdukd,fukd ESdrfhcsMuyg/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frsm;&Sd &Sif,mukyf\aemufqkH;pdefac:csufrSm
ocifbk&m;a&SUawmfü pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsaom
olwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocif\txufü rcsD;ajr§mufbJ bk&m;ocif
xHüvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfüvnf;aumif; 0efcHtyfEHSyg
vdrhfrnf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\tjypfukd owd&íxkdtjypfukd 0efcsawmif;yef
umxkdtjypftwGuf aMuuGJ0rf;enf;Muygvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;\tusKd;
tvkdYiSg olwkdY\wpfukd,faumif;qefaom om,maysmf&TifrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
vkdvkdvm;vm;0efcHtyfESHMuygvdrfhrnf/
ukd,fhukd,fukd ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;twGuf tcef;i,f 10 ü awGU&
onfh *wdawmfrSmbk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufawmfrlrnf[líjzpf
onf/ olwkdYonf *kPfjyKjcif;cHMu&vdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\ocifbk&m;ü &Tifvef;
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESihf aumif;BuD;r*FvmwkdY\ jynfhpkH<u,f0jcif;ukd olwkdYodjrif
cHpm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\toufwmonf xl;jcm;rIESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ þt&mtm;vkH;onf avmuDukdjiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzihf
vnf;aumif;? rm&fewfukdwGef;vSef qD;wm;jcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifha&SUawmfü uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhudk,fukd ESdrfhcsjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;
a&mufvm Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkd
oenf;/
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf rm&fewfukdqD;wm;jcif;wkdY\
qufEG,frIrSm tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifxHokdY csOf;uyfjcif;
wkdY\jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY\
txJü &SmBuHaeaomt&mESihf pyfvsOf;í þtcsufurnfokdY
ajymjyxm;oenf;/
uREkffyfwkdY\vufrsm;ukd aq;aMumoefYpifjcif;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd jzLpifoefY&Sif;apjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,f
enf;/ oifhtaejzihfvufawGU rusL;vGefawmhaomfvnf; pdwfxJü
awmifhwvQuf&Sdaeao;onfh tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;&Sdygovm;/ þ
awmifhwjcif;qE´rsm; &Sdaeaomoihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifu
jzLpifoefY&Sif;apEkdifygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwm\ tcuftcJrsm;taMumif;ukd þae&mü
uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY oif,l&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd csD;ajr§mufvdrfhrnf[k &Sif,mukyfu
ajymqkdcJhcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd olqkdvkdcJhygoenf;/ þcsD;
ajr§mufcH&jcif;twGuf tajctaeowfrSwfcsufrsm;rSm tb,f
enf;/
ocifbk&m;u oifhukday;oem;vkdaom jynfh0onfhtoufwmukd
oifBuHKawGUcHpm;&ef rnfonfht&mjzpfysufzdkY vkdtyfaeygoenf;/
120 121jrifhjrwfaomvrf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;xHü vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;0efcHtyfEHSjcif; r&SdcJhao;onfh
ae&mrsm;&Sdr&Sdukd odjrif&ef oifh&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd &SmazGppfaq;ay;zkdY
ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
txHyg;okdY oifhukdqGJaqmif&ef aus;Zl;awmfukday;oem;zdkY ocif
bk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;ESihf &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;
ü wkd;wufBuD;yGm;vm&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
1414
1414
14
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
,mukyf 4;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd tvGefvufawGUqefaom
tjcm;taMumif;t&mqDodkY a&GUcJhonf/ þae&m&Sd aemufxyfusrf;ykd'f
i,frsm;tcsKdUwGif &Sif,mukyfuwpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;
ESihfjypfwifpD&ifjcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyonf/
tcef;i,f 11 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfoly&dwfowfwkdY
tm; wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufuJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMuzdkY ajymqkd
jcif;jzihf tpjyKxm;onf/ uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;qkdonfrSm xdcdkufysufpD;apvkd
aom &nf&G,fcsufjzihfraumif;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ oabmobm0rSm
vlwpfa,mufu tjcm;olrsm;ukd xdcdkufepfemap&ef vQmukdvufeufwpfck
yrmtokH;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ vQmonf BuD;rm;jyif;xefaom raumif;rIukd
vkyfEkdifpGrf;onf/ 4if;onfvlwkdY\*kPfowif;ukd zsufqD;íxkdolwkdYukd
arQmfvifhcsufysufokOf;jcif;qDokdY ykdYaqmifEkdifonf/
&Sif,mukyfu wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;ESihf jypfwifpD&ifjcif;
wkdYtm; rnfokdYqufpyfcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ vlwpfa,muf\raumif;rI
ukdajym&ef (okdY) uJh&JU½Iwfcs&eftwGuf xkdoludk jypfwifpD&if&rnfjzpfonf/
uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;onf EIwftm;jzihf jypfwifpD&ifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
122
ocifbk&m;üjynfh0jcif;udk awGUMuHKcHpm;jcif;rSoifhudk[efYwm;ae
onfhbk&m;udkrodaom þavmuDt&mrsm;twGuf oifhpdwfESvHk;
xJrSawmifhwrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;zdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;a&Smuf
yg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;xHü vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;0efcHtyfEHSjcif; r&SdcJhao;onfh
ae&mrsm;&Sdr&Sdukd odjrif&ef oifh&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd &SmazGppfaq;ay;zkdY
ocifbk&m;ukd awmif;avQmufyg/
txHyg;okdY oifhukdqGJaqmif&ef aus;Zl;awmfukday;oem;zdkY ocif
bk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;ESihf &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;
ü wkd;wufBuD;yGm;vm&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
1414
1414
14
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;
,mukyf 4;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfu c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd tvGefvufawGUqefaom
tjcm;taMumif;t&mqDodkY a&GUcJhonf/ þae&m&Sd aemufxyfusrf;ykd'f
i,frsm;tcsKdUwGif &Sif,mukyfuwpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;
ESihfjypfwifpD&ifjcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjyonf/
tcef;i,f 11 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfoly&dwfowfwkdY
tm; wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufuJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMuzdkY ajymqkd
jcif;jzihf tpjyKxm;onf/ uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;qkdonfrSm xdcdkufysufpD;apvkd
aom &nf&G,fcsufjzihfraumif;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ oabmobm0rSm
vlwpfa,mufu tjcm;olrsm;ukd xdcdkufepfemap&ef vQmukdvufeufwpfck
yrmtokH;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ vQmonf BuD;rm;jyif;xefaom raumif;rIukd
vkyfEkdifpGrf;onf/ 4if;onfvlwkdY\*kPfowif;ukd zsufqD;íxkdolwkdYukd
arQmfvifhcsufysufokOf;jcif;qDokdY ykdYaqmifEkdifonf/
&Sif,mukyfu wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;ESihf jypfwifpD&ifjcif;
wkdYtm; rnfokdYqufpyfcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ vlwpfa,muf\raumif;rI
ukdajym&ef (okdY) uJh&JU½Iwfcs&eftwGuf xkdoludk jypfwifpD&if&rnfjzpfonf/
uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;onf EIwftm;jzihf jypfwifpD&ifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
122
ocifbk&m;üjynfh0jcif;udk awGUMuHKcHpm;jcif;rSoifhudk[efYwm;ae
onfhbk&m;udkrodaom þavmuDt&mrsm;twGuf oifhpdwfESvHk;
xJrSawmifhwrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;zdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;a&Smuf
yg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onf vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh ywfoufí(rSefonfjzpfap? rSm;onfjzpf
ap)jypfwifpD&ifí xkdolYukdaemuf xyfykdí xdcdkufepfemap&ef xkdjypfwif
pD&ifcsufudktjcm;olxHü oGm;a&mufaMujimMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyf
wkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihfywfoufí jypfwifpD&ifjcif;ukdjyKvkyfMu
aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonf ynwfw&m;ukd qefYusifaomolrsm;jzpfMuí
ynwfw&m;ukd jypfwifpD&ifaomolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf[k az:jycJhonf/
þtcsufonf avhvmokH;oyfzdkYxkdufwefygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\
ynwfcsufwpfyg;ukd csKd;azmufjcif;aMumifh uJh&JU½Iwfcsaompum;vkH;rsm;
jzihfjypfwifa0zefcJhaomolrsm;onf ynwfawmfukd ukd,fwkdifcsKd;azmufae
MuaMumif;today;cJhonf/ olwkdYonfynwfcsufudkcsKd;azmufaom
aMumifhjypfwifa0zefjcif;udkcH&aomolrsm;uJhodkYyif tjypf&SdMuygonf/
okdYaomf jyóemrSm þxufyifykdíeufeJygonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;
onfrdrdwdkY\ nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd txiftjrifao;cJhMuonf/ "r®
opfusrf;rSzm&d&SJrsm;uJhokdY olwkdYonftjcm;olrsm;ukd jypfwifa0zefae
pOfwGif ukd,fwkdifuynwfw&m;ukd csKd;azmufaeMuygonf/ olwkdYjyKvkyf
aeMuaomt&mukd tjypf'kp½kduftjzpf ½Ijrif&efjiif;qefcJhMuonf/ bk&m;
ocif\bkef;awmftwGuf vkyfaqmifaejcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqkdjcif;jzihf
olwkdY\pum;vkH;rsm;ukd trSefjzpfapcJhMuygonf/ okdYaomftrSefwGif
olwkdYonf rmew&m;üvkyfaqmifaecJhMujcif;omjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY\tjypf
ukdvspfvsL½Ií tjcm;olrsm;\tjypfukd jypfwifa0zefjcif;tm;jzihf þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf rnfonfynwfcsufukd emcHzkdY&efvkdonf? rnfonfhynwfcsuf
onfemcHzkdYrvkdonfukd a&G;cs,fonfhtjypfukd usL;vGefaeMuygonf/ olwkdY
onf ukd,fhukd,fukd ynwfawmf\txufüxm;í ynwfawmfukd rdrdwkdY
ESihf oihfavsmfonfhtwkdif;teufzGihf jyefqkdMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
ocifa,½Iu róJ 7;3 üajymcJhonfholrsm;uJhokdY jzpfcJhMuonf/
]]ukd,frsufpdü&Sdaom opfwkH;ukdratmufarhbJ? nDtpfukdrsufpd
ü&Sdaom ajimifhi,fukd tb,faMumifhMunfh½Ioenf;/}}
tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\ w&m;emy&dwfowfwkdY
tm;ynwfw&m;ukd xm;ykdifaomol? ppfaMumpD&ifykdifaomolwpfyg;wnf;
om&SdaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ynwfawmfay;cJhNyD;?
4if;ukdcsKd;azmufaomolrsm;ukdvnf; ppfaMumpD&ifygonf/ bk&m;ocif
wpfyg;wnf;uom ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGmw&m;pD&ifEkdifonf/ bk&m;wpfyg;
wnf;om yuwdjynfhpkHawmfrlí tjypfom;rsm;ukd w&m;pD&if&ef xkdufwef
awmfrlonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,füu tjypf&SdaecsdefwGif tjcm;olrsm;\tjypfukd
pD&if&avmufatmif uREkfyfwkdYrSmrnfolrsm;jzpfMuíenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
þae&mü &Sif,mukyfajymaeaomolrsm;uJhokdYjzpf&efrSm tvGefvG,ful
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYnDtpfukdrsm;\ tm;enf;csufrsm;udk a0zefykwfcwfsjymqdk
Muaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\tm;enf;csufrsm;ukdrl vspfvsL ½IwwfMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þtcsif;t&mukd ayghayghwefwefrrSwfyg/ olonfuREkfyf
wkdYpdwfESvkH;rsm;\tajymESihftvkyfrukdufnDrIukdjrifí w&m;pD&ifyg
vdrhfrnf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYaemufxyfokH;oyfavhvmzdkY vkdtyfonfhjy
óemwpfck&Sdygao;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdrsm;
tay:ü w&m;rpD&if&vQif toif;awmf\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd
rnfokdYtaumiftxnfazmfMu&rnfenf;/ toif;awmf\ pnf;urf;Oya'
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;124 125
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onf vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh ywfoufí(rSefonfjzpfap? rSm;onfjzpf
ap)jypfwifpD&ifí xkdolYukdaemuf xyfykdí xdcdkufepfemap&ef xkdjypfwif
pD&ifcsufudktjcm;olxHü oGm;a&mufaMujimMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyf
wkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihfywfoufí jypfwifpD&ifjcif;ukdjyKvkyfMu
aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonf ynwfw&m;ukd qefYusifaomolrsm;jzpfMuí
ynwfw&m;ukd jypfwifpD&ifaomolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf[k az:jycJhonf/
þtcsufonf avhvmokH;oyfzdkYxkdufwefygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\
ynwfcsufwpfyg;ukd csKd;azmufjcif;aMumifh uJh&JU½Iwfcsaompum;vkH;rsm;
jzihfjypfwifa0zefcJhaomolrsm;onf ynwfawmfukd ukd,fwkdifcsKd;azmufae
MuaMumif;today;cJhonf/ olwkdYonfynwfcsufudkcsKd;azmufaom
aMumifhjypfwifa0zefjcif;udkcH&aomolrsm;uJhodkYyif tjypf&SdMuygonf/
okdYaomf jyóemrSm þxufyifykdíeufeJygonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;
onfrdrdwdkY\ nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd txiftjrifao;cJhMuonf/ "r®
opfusrf;rSzm&d&SJrsm;uJhokdY olwkdYonftjcm;olrsm;ukd jypfwifa0zefae
pOfwGif ukd,fwkdifuynwfw&m;ukd csKd;azmufaeMuygonf/ olwkdYjyKvkyf
aeMuaomt&mukd tjypf'kp½kduftjzpf ½Ijrif&efjiif;qefcJhMuonf/ bk&m;
ocif\bkef;awmftwGuf vkyfaqmifaejcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqkdjcif;jzihf
olwkdY\pum;vkH;rsm;ukd trSefjzpfapcJhMuygonf/ okdYaomftrSefwGif
olwkdYonf rmew&m;üvkyfaqmifaecJhMujcif;omjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY\tjypf
ukdvspfvsL½Ií tjcm;olrsm;\tjypfukd jypfwifa0zefjcif;tm;jzihf þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf rnfonfynwfcsufukd emcHzkdY&efvkdonf? rnfonfhynwfcsuf
onfemcHzkdYrvkdonfukd a&G;cs,fonfhtjypfukd usL;vGefaeMuygonf/ olwkdY
onf ukd,fhukd,fukd ynwfawmf\txufüxm;í ynwfawmfukd rdrdwkdY
ESihf oihfavsmfonfhtwkdif;teufzGihf jyefqkdMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
ocifa,½Iu róJ 7;3 üajymcJhonfholrsm;uJhokdY jzpfcJhMuonf/
]]ukd,frsufpdü&Sdaom opfwkH;ukdratmufarhbJ? nDtpfukdrsufpd
ü&Sdaom ajimifhi,fukd tb,faMumifhMunfh½Ioenf;/}}
tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\ w&m;emy&dwfowfwkdY
tm;ynwfw&m;ukd xm;ykdifaomol? ppfaMumpD&ifykdifaomolwpfyg;wnf;
om&SdaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ynwfawmfay;cJhNyD;?
4if;ukdcsKd;azmufaomolrsm;ukdvnf; ppfaMumpD&ifygonf/ bk&m;ocif
wpfyg;wnf;uom ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGmw&m;pD&ifEkdifonf/ bk&m;wpfyg;
wnf;om yuwdjynfhpkHawmfrlí tjypfom;rsm;ukd w&m;pD&if&ef xkdufwef
awmfrlonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,füu tjypf&SdaecsdefwGif tjcm;olrsm;\tjypfukd
pD&if&avmufatmif uREkfyfwkdYrSmrnfolrsm;jzpfMuíenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
þae&mü &Sif,mukyfajymaeaomolrsm;uJhokdYjzpf&efrSm tvGefvG,ful
ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYnDtpfukdrsm;\ tm;enf;csufrsm;udk a0zefykwfcwfsjymqdk
Muaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\tm;enf;csufrsm;ukdrl vspfvsL ½IwwfMuonf/
bk&m;ocifonf þtcsif;t&mukd ayghayghwefwefrrSwfyg/ olonfuREkfyf
wkdYpdwfESvkH;rsm;\tajymESihftvkyfrukdufnDrIukdjrifí w&m;pD&ifyg
vdrhfrnf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYaemufxyfokH;oyfavhvmzdkY vkdtyfonfhjy
óemwpfck&Sdygao;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdrsm;
tay:ü w&m;rpD&if&vQif toif;awmf\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd
rnfokdYtaumiftxnfazmfMu&rnfenf;/ toif;awmf\ pnf;urf;Oya'
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;124 125
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ukdusihfBuHjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;ítcsuftenf;i,fESihftwl ed*kH;csKyfcGihfjyKyg/
róJ 18;15-17 wGif ocifa,½Iu nDtpfukdwpfa,mufonf
tjypf'kp½kduftrIukd usL;vGefaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olYukdukd,fwkdif
oGm;a&mufcsOf;uyfí trSm;ukdxkwfazmfjyo&rnf[k az:jyxm;onf/
em;axmifzkdY oljiif;qefygu oufaowpfa,muf (okdY) ESpfa,mufukd
uREkfyfwkdYESihftwlac:aqmifoGm;í olYukdxyfawGU&rnf/ olonfqufvuf
íjiif;qefaeygu olYukdtoif;awmfa&SUarSmufokdY aqmif,lvm&rnf/
olonftoif;awmfukd em;raxmifygu r,kHMunfolwpfOD;uJhokdY olYukd
qufqH&rnf/
yxrtaejzihf? tjypf&Sdaomyk0¾dKvfukd oD;oefYESpfukd,fcsif;
awGUqkHítjypftaMumif;ukd ajymjy&onf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;wGifuJh&JU
½Iwfcsjcif;rsKd;r&Sdyg/ jypfrSm;cH&aomolu jypfrSm;aomnDtpfukdtm;
4if;jyKvkyfcJhaomt&mukd ajymjyjcif;omjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufrSm olwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihf oihfjrwfaomrlvtajctaeü
jyefvnfykdYaqmifay;&efjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf? tjypfjyKvkyfxm;olu aemifw&zkdYjiif;qefaom
tcg? oufaorsm;ukdac:&onf/ oufaowpfa,muf (okdY) ESpfa,muf
ESihfomvQif xkdtjypfjyKvkyfxm;olukd awGUqkH&onf/ þtajctaexd
jyóemrSmoD;oefY vlcsif;awGUqkHrIomjzpfaeao;onf/ þoufaorsm;ukd
ac:vm&onfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;ukd jiif;qefaeonfh
tjypfjyKvkyfxm;olukd rsufjrifoufaojyKvkyfzkdYomr[kwf? jypfrSm;cH&aom
olujyKvkyfxm;onfh pGyfpGJcsufrSefrrSefukdvnf; twnfjyK&efjzpfonf/
þoufaorsm;ukd ac:aqmifvmcJhjcif;jzihf jypfrSm;cH&oluvnf; olYukd,f
olukdvnf; ppfaq;cHzkdYcGihfjyK&ma&mufygonf/
þoufaorsm;u jyómemukdtoif;awmfa&SUarSmufü,laqmif
vmzkdYvkdtyfonf[k rrSwf,lrcsif; toif;awmfxJokdY r,laqmifvm&yg/
tjypfjyKvkyfolESihfjypfrSm;cH&olwkdY\ pdwfoabmxm;rsm;onf toif;awmf
wpfckvkH;ukdxdckdufawmhrnf[kodomjrifomrIr&Sdrcsif; jyóemukd odkokd
odyfodyfESihf ESdrfhESdrfhcscsjzihfukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&onf/ &efrSef;csufrSm c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mü oifhjrwfjcif;ESihf pnf;vkH;nDñTGwfjcif;wkdY twGufjzpfonf/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufukd w&m;pD&if&mü txifao;aeaomolESihf
pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd [efYwm;aESmuf,Sufaeaom tcuftcJtqD;
twm;rsmukd z,f&Sm;jcif;jzihf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨müpnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd
&SmBuHaeaomolwkdYü uGJjym;jcm;em;csufwpfck&Sdonf/ róJ 18 &Sd tajccH
pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;jzifh tjypfjyKvkyfolESihfjypfrSm;
cH&aomolwkdY ESpfOD;pvkH;ukd toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;u avhvmprf;
ppfEkdifonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;onf uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü okdodyfaom0efcHtyfESHjcif;omjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmrS þusrf;ykd'frsm;ukdtokH;jyKí tjypf'kp½kduf
üavQmufvSrf;aeaomolwpfOD;ESifhywfoufí wpfpkHwpfckukdajymzkdY toif;
awmfüvkyfykdifcGihfr&Sd[k ajymaeaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ xkdolwkdYu uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihfolwpfyg;ukd rpD&ifoihfyg[kajymMuonf/ fqkdvkd&if;rSm uREkfyfwkdYK
onfrdrdwdkY vkyfcsif&mukdjyKvkyfEkdifNyD; toif;awmftaejzihf wpfpkHwpfckukd
rQrajymoihfyg[líjzpfonf/ þtcsufonf jzpfEkdifacsr&Sdyg/ toif;
awmftwGif;&Sd tjypf'kp½kdufukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYqkd
vQif wdusaocsmaomw&m;pD&ifrIwpfckukd vkdtyfonf/
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;126 127
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ukdusihfBuHjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;ítcsuftenf;i,fESihftwl ed*kH;csKyfcGihfjyKyg/
róJ 18;15-17 wGif ocifa,½Iu nDtpfukdwpfa,mufonf
tjypf'kp½kduftrIukd usL;vGefaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olYukdukd,fwkdif
oGm;a&mufcsOf;uyfí trSm;ukdxkwfazmfjyo&rnf[k az:jyxm;onf/
em;axmifzkdY oljiif;qefygu oufaowpfa,muf (okdY) ESpfa,mufukd
uREkfyfwkdYESihftwlac:aqmifoGm;í olYukdxyfawGU&rnf/ olonfqufvuf
íjiif;qefaeygu olYukdtoif;awmfa&SUarSmufokdY aqmif,lvm&rnf/
olonftoif;awmfukd em;raxmifygu r,kHMunfolwpfOD;uJhokdY olYukd
qufqH&rnf/
yxrtaejzihf? tjypf&Sdaomyk0¾dKvfukd oD;oefYESpfukd,fcsif;
awGUqkHítjypftaMumif;ukd ajymjy&onf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;wGifuJh&JU
½Iwfcsjcif;rsKd;r&Sdyg/ jypfrSm;cH&aomolu jypfrSm;aomnDtpfukdtm;
4if;jyKvkyfcJhaomt&mukd ajymjyjcif;omjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufrSm olwkdYukdbk&m;ocifESihf oihfjrwfaomrlvtajctaeü
jyefvnfykdYaqmifay;&efjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf? tjypfjyKvkyfxm;olu aemifw&zkdYjiif;qefaom
tcg? oufaorsm;ukdac:&onf/ oufaowpfa,muf (okdY) ESpfa,muf
ESihfomvQif xkdtjypfjyKvkyfxm;olukd awGUqkH&onf/ þtajctaexd
jyóemrSmoD;oefY vlcsif;awGUqkHrIomjzpfaeao;onf/ þoufaorsm;ukd
ac:vm&onfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;ukd jiif;qefaeonfh
tjypfjyKvkyfxm;olukd rsufjrifoufaojyKvkyfzkdYomr[kwf? jypfrSm;cH&aom
olujyKvkyfxm;onfh pGyfpGJcsufrSefrrSefukdvnf; twnfjyK&efjzpfonf/
þoufaorsm;ukd ac:aqmifvmcJhjcif;jzihf jypfrSm;cH&oluvnf; olYukd,f
olukdvnf; ppfaq;cHzkdYcGihfjyK&ma&mufygonf/
þoufaorsm;u jyómemukdtoif;awmfa&SUarSmufü,laqmif
vmzkdYvkdtyfonf[k rrSwf,lrcsif; toif;awmfxJokdY r,laqmifvm&yg/
tjypfjyKvkyfolESihfjypfrSm;cH&olwkdY\ pdwfoabmxm;rsm;onf toif;awmf
wpfckvkH;ukdxdckdufawmhrnf[kodomjrifomrIr&Sdrcsif; jyóemukd odkokd
odyfodyfESihf ESdrfhESdrfhcscsjzihfukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&onf/ &efrSef;csufrSm c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mü oifhjrwfjcif;ESihf pnf;vkH;nDñTGwfjcif;wkdY twGufjzpfonf/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufukd w&m;pD&if&mü txifao;aeaomolESihf
pnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd [efYwm;aESmuf,Sufaeaom tcuftcJtqD;
twm;rsmukd z,f&Sm;jcif;jzihf c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨müpnf;vkH;nDñGwfjcif;ukd
&SmBuHaeaomolwkdYü uGJjym;jcm;em;csufwpfck&Sdonf/ róJ 18 &Sd tajccH
pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;ukd emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;jzifh tjypfjyKvkyfolESihfjypfrSm;
cH&aomolwkdY ESpfOD;pvkH;ukd toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;u avhvmprf;
ppfEkdifonf/ þokdYjyKvkyfjcif;onf uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif;r[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü okdodyfaom0efcHtyfESHjcif;omjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pmrS þusrf;ykd'frsm;ukdtokH;jyKí tjypf'kp½kduf
üavQmufvSrf;aeaomolwpfOD;ESifhywfoufí wpfpkHwpfckukdajymzkdY toif;
awmfüvkyfykdifcGihfr&Sd[k ajymaeaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ xkdolwkdYu uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihfolwpfyg;ukd rpD&ifoihfyg[kajymMuonf/ fqkdvkd&if;rSm uREkfyfwkdYK
onfrdrdwdkY vkyfcsif&mukdjyKvkyfEkdifNyD; toif;awmftaejzihf wpfpkHwpfckukd
rQrajymoihfyg[líjzpfonf/ þtcsufonf jzpfEkdifacsr&Sdyg/ toif;
awmftwGif;&Sd tjypf'kp½kdufukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYqkd
vQif wdusaocsmaomw&m;pD&ifrIwpfckukd vkdtyfonf/
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;126 127
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdYrpD&ifEkdifaomt&mrSm uRekfyfwdkYnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;\
pdwf&if;&nf&G,fcsufukd jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;uom pdwfESvkH;
\&nf&G,f&if;ukd odEkdifonf/ or®musrf;xJü twdtusazmfjyxm;onfh
tjypfukdusL;vGefxm;aom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufukd aemifw&zdkY
ajymqkdjcif;onf yk*¾vw&m;pD&ifrIwpfckr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfu
ywfawmfuom pD&ifaejcif;jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olwkdYukdor®m
usrf;pm&Sd or®mw&m;\tvif;ü avQmufvSrf;MuzkdY pdefac:wkdufwGef;½kH
oufoufomjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom uREkfyfwkdY
\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;&mwGif ESdrfhcsí½kd;om;jzLpifMu
zdkYqifhac:xm;onf/ ukd,fwkdifutjypf&SdaecsdefwGifyif ukd,fhukd,fukdw&m;
olBuD;rsm;yrm csD;ajr§mufítjcm;olrsm;\ raumif;aMumif;ukdajymae
aomolrsm;tm; &Sif,mukyfu pdefac:xm;onf/ xkdokdYjypfwifajymqkdrnfh
tpm;? or®mw&m;vrf;rS vrf;aysmufoGm;aomocifc&pfawmfüwnf
aomnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf qufqHajz&Sif;aomtcgü ESdrfhcsjcif;pdwf&Sd
MuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ nDtpfukdarmifESrwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYjyKrdaomtjypf
tay:üapm'uwufaomolrsm;taejzihf rdrddwdkYüvnf;tm;enf;csufrsm;
&SdaMumif;ukd todtrSwfjyKí owd&ae&rnf/ ocifc&pfawmfxHü ykdí
eufeJaomqufuyftyfESHjcif;twGuf wpfa,mufukdwpfa,mufcGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;&efrSmuREkfyfwkdY\&nfrSefcsufjzpfonf/ þ&nfrSef;csufudk
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd
avQmufvSrf;apvkdaomtoufwmü avQmufvSrf;zkdY &SmBuHBudK;pm;
aeMuonfh tjypfom;rdwfaqG&if;rsm;ozG,fESdrfhcsjcif;ü wpfOD;udkwpfOD;
tm;ay;pdefac:íaphaqmfwdkufwGef;Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
w&m;pD&ifolwpfOD;tjzpf rnfolwpfOD;wnf;u xkdufwefyg
oenf;/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\pD&ifjcif;
ESihfrnfokdYuGJjym;ygoenf;/
oihf&JUukd,fykdiftjypfrsm;ukd vspfvsL½Ixm;NyD; tjcm;olrsm;ukdMunfh
í 4if;wkdY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf &nf&G,f&if;rsm;ukd w&m;pD&if
cJhzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
armufrmjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pD&ifjcif;ESifhbk&m;ocifu
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf owfrSwfxm;aomvrf;ü avQmufvSrf;zdkYwpf
a,mufESihfwpfa,muf pdefac:wkdufwGef;jcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSm
tb,fenf;/ ESdrfhcsjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUukd,fykdiftjypfukd rMunfhbJ? oihf&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrukd
pD&ifcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ pHEIef;ukdrjynfhrDEkdifaomolrsm;tay:ü ykdíonf;
cHEkdif&efawmif;avQmufyg/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukdcspfEkdifzkdY cspfjcif;arwåm
ukday;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
armufrmjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pD&ifjcif;ESihfocifc&pfawmfü
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;128 129
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdYrpD&ifEkdifaomt&mrSm uRekfyfwdkYnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;\
pdwf&if;&nf&G,fcsufukd jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;uom pdwfESvkH;
\&nf&G,f&if;ukd odEkdifonf/ or®musrf;xJü twdtusazmfjyxm;onfh
tjypfukdusL;vGefxm;aom nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,mufukd aemifw&zdkY
ajymqkdjcif;onf yk*¾vw&m;pD&ifrIwpfckr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfu
ywfawmfuom pD&ifaejcif;jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olwkdYukdor®m
usrf;pm&Sd or®mw&m;\tvif;ü avQmufvSrf;MuzkdY pdefac:wkdufwGef;½kH
oufoufomjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukd ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom uREkfyfwkdY
\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf qufqH&if;ESD;&mwGif ESdrfhcsí½kd;om;jzLpifMu
zdkYqifhac:xm;onf/ ukd,fwkdifutjypf&SdaecsdefwGifyif ukd,fhukd,fukdw&m;
olBuD;rsm;yrm csD;ajr§mufítjcm;olrsm;\ raumif;aMumif;ukdajymae
aomolrsm;tm; &Sif,mukyfu pdefac:xm;onf/ xkdokdYjypfwifajymqkdrnfh
tpm;? or®mw&m;vrf;rS vrf;aysmufoGm;aomocifc&pfawmfüwnf
aomnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf qufqHajz&Sif;aomtcgü ESdrfhcsjcif;pdwf&Sd
MuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ nDtpfukdarmifESrwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYjyKrdaomtjypf
tay:üapm'uwufaomolrsm;taejzihf rdrddwdkYüvnf;tm;enf;csufrsm;
&SdaMumif;ukd todtrSwfjyKí owd&ae&rnf/ ocifc&pfawmfxHü ykdí
eufeJaomqufuyftyfESHjcif;twGuf wpfa,mufukdwpfa,mufcGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;&efrSmuREkfyfwkdY\&nfrSefcsufjzpfonf/ þ&nfrSef;csufudk
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd
avQmufvSrf;apvkdaomtoufwmü avQmufvSrf;zkdY &SmBuHBudK;pm;
aeMuonfh tjypfom;rdwfaqG&if;rsm;ozG,fESdrfhcsjcif;ü wpfOD;udkwpfOD;
tm;ay;pdefac:íaphaqmfwdkufwGef;Muygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
w&m;pD&ifolwpfOD;tjzpf rnfolwpfOD;wnf;u xkdufwefyg
oenf;/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\pD&ifjcif;
ESihfrnfokdYuGJjym;ygoenf;/
oihf&JUukd,fykdiftjypfrsm;ukd vspfvsL½Ixm;NyD; tjcm;olrsm;ukdMunfh
í 4if;wkdY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf &nf&G,f&if;rsm;ukd w&m;pD&if
cJhzl;ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
armufrmjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pD&ifjcif;ESifhbk&m;ocifu
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf owfrSwfxm;aomvrf;ü avQmufvSrf;zdkYwpf
a,mufESihfwpfa,muf pdefac:wkdufwGef;jcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSm
tb,fenf;/ ESdrfhcsjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUukd,fykdiftjypfukd rMunfhbJ? oihf&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrukd
pD&ifcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ pHEIef;ukdrjynfhrDEkdifaomolrsm;tay:ü ykdíonf;
cHEkdif&efawmif;avQmufyg/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukdcspfEkdifzkdY cspfjcif;arwåm
ukday;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
armufrmjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;ukd pD&ifjcif;ESihfocifc&pfawmfü
uREfkyfwkdY\ tdrfeD;csif;ukdpD&ifjcif;128 129
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
1515
1515
15
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
,mukyf 4;13-17 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfonf þpmapmifwGifvQmukdtokH;jyKykHtaMumif;tm;
ae&mus,fus,f0ef;0ef;ay;xm;onf/ tcef;BuD; 3 wGifrdrd\w&m;em
y&dowfBuD;tm; vQmukdxdef;csKyf&mü cufcJrI&SdykHukdvnf;aumif;? vQmu
jyKvkyfzefwD;Ekdifaom ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;taMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; jyefvnf
today;cJhonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;uJh&JU
½Iwfcsíraumif;ajymjcif;rsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 4\
þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfuvQmukd tqkd;bufütokH;jyKykHwpfck
taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ 4if;rSm 0g<um;jcif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtxJrS reufjzeftwGuf tpDtpOfrqGJaomolrnfol
&Sdrnfenf;/ þonfrSm raumif;aomt&mr[kwfaomfvnf; wpfcgwpf&H
wGif reufjzefonf uREkfyfwkdY\vufxJwGif r&SdonfhtaMumif;ukd em;vnf
oabmaygufzdkY ysufuGufcJhMuonf/ þae&mwGif&Sif,mukyfu NrdKUwpfNrdKU
okdYoGm;í wpfESpfywfvkH; aeumpD;yGm;a&;vkyfrnf[ktpDtpOfa&;qGJaecJh
Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;taMumif;udkajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdY\&nf&G,f&if;rSm
aiGaMu;tusKd;jrwfrsm;pGmukd jyKvkyf&efjzpfonf/ tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;rSm
ta&;BuD;aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufxm;&rnfht&mrSm reufjzef
wnfaomnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf usef;rmoefpGrf;
aom0dnmOfa&; &mavQmufvSrf;jcif;twGuf jzLpif½kd;om;aom
qE´wpfck&Sdjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufudkem;vnfoabmay:ufzdkY
oifhudkulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
130
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
1515
1515
15
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;
,mukyf 4;13-17 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfonf þpmapmifwGifvQmukdtokH;jyKykHtaMumif;tm;
ae&mus,fus,f0ef;0ef;ay;xm;onf/ tcef;BuD; 3 wGifrdrd\w&m;em
y&dowfBuD;tm; vQmukdxdef;csKyf&mü cufcJrI&SdykHukdvnf;aumif;? vQmu
jyKvkyfzefwD;Ekdifaom ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm;taMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; jyefvnf
today;cJhonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;uJh&JU
½Iwfcsíraumif;ajymjcif;rsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 4\
þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfuvQmukd tqkd;bufütokH;jyKykHwpfck
taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ 4if;rSm 0g<um;jcif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtxJrS reufjzeftwGuf tpDtpOfrqGJaomolrnfol
&Sdrnfenf;/ þonfrSm raumif;aomt&mr[kwfaomfvnf; wpfcgwpf&H
wGif reufjzefonf uREkfyfwkdY\vufxJwGif r&SdonfhtaMumif;ukd em;vnf
oabmaygufzdkY ysufuGufcJhMuonf/ þae&mwGif&Sif,mukyfu NrdKUwpfNrdKU
okdYoGm;í wpfESpfywfvkH; aeumpD;yGm;a&;vkyfrnf[ktpDtpOfa&;qGJaecJh
Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;taMumif;udkajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdY\&nf&G,f&if;rSm
aiGaMu;tusKd;jrwfrsm;pGmukd jyKvkyf&efjzpfonf/ tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;rSm
ta&;BuD;aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufxm;&rnfht&mrSm reufjzef
wnfaomnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf usef;rmoefpGrf;
aom0dnmOfa&; &mavQmufvSrf;jcif;twGuf jzLpif½kd;om;aom
qE´wpfck&Sdjcif;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufudkem;vnfoabmay:ufzdkY
oifhudkulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
130
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wGif jzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrxdef;csKyfEkdifyg[laomtcsuf
jzpfonf/ trSefqkd&vQif reuf jzefwGifuREkfyfwkdYqufvufí touf&Sif
rnf? r&Sifrnfukdyif rodEkdifMuyg/ tcef;i,f 14 wGif&Sif,mukyfu
uREkfyfwkdY\&Sifoefjcif;ukd cPwjzKwfay:vmí jyefvnfaysmufuG,foGm;
aom jrLckd;wpfrIefESihf EIdif;,SOfcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif vG,fum&ítav;rrlyJxm;aom
t&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ jynfhpkHaomusef;rma&;ESihftwl touf&Snf&Snf &Sif
&rnf[k uREkfyfwkdYrSwf,laeMuonf/ vGefcJhaomESpftenf;i,fu uREkfyfBuHK
awGUcJh&onfh ,mOfrawmfwqrIwpfcktm;jzifhtoufukd uREkfyfwkdY rxdef;
csKyfxm;aMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdY\toufonf
bk&m;ocif\vufxJwGif&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usef;rma&; (okdY) tjcm;ywf
0ef;usiftajctaetm;vkH;onf csufcsif;ajymif;vJ Ekdifygonf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocifukd 4if;wkdY\tBuHtpnfxJü xnfhoGif;&efpdefac:cJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu olwkdYtm; ]]xm0&bk&m;ocif tvdkawmf&SdvQif igwkdYonf
touf&Sifí þokdYjyKMuukeftHh? xkdokdYjyKMuukeftHh}} [k ajymMu&ef pdefac:
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYBuHpnfonfhtwkdif; jzpfrvmaomtcgwGif uREkfyfwdkY
pdwfysufMuonf (odkY) a':oxGufMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf aeY&uf
wkdif;\ ocifjzpfawmfrlí xkdaeY&ufwkdif;ukd rdrdtm;&auseyfawmfrlonfh
twkdif; jyKvkyfykdifcGihf&Sd aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzufrS tjynfht0vufrcHMu
aomaMumihf xkdokdYpdwfysuf Mu&efjzpfonf/ uREkffyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;übk&m;
ocif,laqmifvmaom t&mukd vufcHzkdYoif,lMu&onf/
þusrf;csufrSuREkfyfwkdYaemufxyfoif,lzkdYvkdtyfonfht&m &Sdao;
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf reufjzef\ocifrsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifh bk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfESihftBuHtpnfudkaeY&ufpOfwkdif;twGuf &SmBuH&efvkd
tyfonf/ uREfkyfwkdYjyKvkyfcsifonfht&mwkdif;ukd uREfkyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdifonfh
ykHpHrsKd;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\aeY&ufrsm;ukd b,fESBudrfb,fEScgtpDtpOf
qGJcJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf aeY&ufwkdif;\ocifjzpfvQif
uREkfyfwdkYonf aeY&ufwkdif;tvkdawmfukd &SmBuHMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ tapcH
wpfa,mufonft&mcyfodrf;ü ocifjzpfol\tvkdukd&SmBuHonf/ bk&m;
ocifukdoihf&JUtBuHtpnfxJü yg0ifxnfhoGif;jcif;ukdom rjyKvkyfygESihf/
oihftBuHtpnf&JU ociftjzpfxm;&Sdyg/ reufjzefwGif rnfonfht&mjzpf
vmrnfukd uRekfyfwkdYrodyg/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifuodonf/ bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufonf uREkffyfwkdY\&nf&G,fcsufxuf ykdíaumif;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd
&SmBuHaomolrsm;jzpfzkdY oif,lMu&onf/
þusrf;abmiftquftpyfü aemufxyftaMumif;t&mwpfckukd
uREkfyfazmfjyvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aeY&ufpOfwkdif;ukd rxdef;csKyfEkdif?
aornf&Sifrnfukdvnf;aumif;? usef;rma&;aumif;rnfraumif;rnfukd
vnf;aumif; wkdif;wmqkH;jzwfEkdifpGrf;r&SdMuvQif aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif t&Sif
jcif;ESihf usef;rma&;aumif;jcif;wkdYukd ay;oem;awmfrlaomolukd aus;Zl
wifcsD;rGrf;Mu&ygrnf/ t&Sifjcif;ESihfwuG bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*F
vmukd cHpm;&aomaeYwkdif;onf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;aeYvnf; jzpf&yg
rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY\ ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ukd xdef;
csKyfxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd uREkfyfwkdYtay:
ü oGef;avmif;awmfrlonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\tBuHtpnfukd uREkfyf
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;132 133
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wGif jzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrxdef;csKyfEkdifyg[laomtcsuf
jzpfonf/ trSefqkd&vQif reuf jzefwGifuREkfyfwkdYqufvufí touf&Sif
rnf? r&Sifrnfukdyif rodEkdifMuyg/ tcef;i,f 14 wGif&Sif,mukyfu
uREkfyfwkdY\&Sifoefjcif;ukd cPwjzKwfay:vmí jyefvnfaysmufuG,foGm;
aom jrLckd;wpfrIefESihf EIdif;,SOfcJhygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif vG,fum&ítav;rrlyJxm;aom
t&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ jynfhpkHaomusef;rma&;ESihftwl touf&Snf&Snf &Sif
&rnf[k uREkfyfwkdYrSwf,laeMuonf/ vGefcJhaomESpftenf;i,fu uREkfyfBuHK
awGUcJh&onfh ,mOfrawmfwqrIwpfcktm;jzifhtoufukd uREkfyfwkdY rxdef;
csKyfxm;aMumif;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf/ uREfkyfwkdY\toufonf
bk&m;ocif\vufxJwGif&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usef;rma&; (okdY) tjcm;ywf
0ef;usiftajctaetm;vkH;onf csufcsif;ajymif;vJ Ekdifygonf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocifukd 4if;wkdY\tBuHtpnfxJü xnfhoGif;&efpdefac:cJhonf/
&Sif,mukyfu olwkdYtm; ]]xm0&bk&m;ocif tvdkawmf&SdvQif igwkdYonf
touf&Sifí þokdYjyKMuukeftHh? xkdokdYjyKMuukeftHh}} [k ajymMu&ef pdefac:
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYBuHpnfonfhtwkdif; jzpfrvmaomtcgwGif uREkfyfwdkY
pdwfysufMuonf (odkY) a':oxGufMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf aeY&uf
wkdif;\ ocifjzpfawmfrlí xkdaeY&ufwkdif;ukd rdrdtm;&auseyfawmfrlonfh
twkdif; jyKvkyfykdifcGihf&Sd aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYzufrS tjynfht0vufrcHMu
aomaMumihf xkdokdYpdwfysuf Mu&efjzpfonf/ uREkffyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;übk&m;
ocif,laqmifvmaom t&mukd vufcHzkdYoif,lMu&onf/
þusrf;csufrSuREkfyfwkdYaemufxyfoif,lzkdYvkdtyfonfht&m &Sdao;
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf reufjzef\ocifrsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifh bk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfESihftBuHtpnfudkaeY&ufpOfwkdif;twGuf &SmBuH&efvkd
tyfonf/ uREfkyfwkdYjyKvkyfcsifonfht&mwkdif;ukd uREfkyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdifonfh
ykHpHrsKd;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\aeY&ufrsm;ukd b,fESBudrfb,fEScgtpDtpOf
qGJcJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf aeY&ufwkdif;\ocifjzpfvQif
uREkfyfwdkYonf aeY&ufwkdif;tvkdawmfukd &SmBuHMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ tapcH
wpfa,mufonft&mcyfodrf;ü ocifjzpfol\tvkdukd&SmBuHonf/ bk&m;
ocifukdoihf&JUtBuHtpnfxJü yg0ifxnfhoGif;jcif;ukdom rjyKvkyfygESihf/
oihftBuHtpnf&JU ociftjzpfxm;&Sdyg/ reufjzefwGif rnfonfht&mjzpf
vmrnfukd uRekfyfwkdYrodyg/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocifuodonf/ bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufonf uREkffyfwkdY\&nf&G,fcsufxuf ykdíaumif;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm\aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd
&SmBuHaomolrsm;jzpfzkdY oif,lMu&onf/
þusrf;abmiftquftpyfü aemufxyftaMumif;t&mwpfckukd
uREkfyfazmfjyvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aeY&ufpOfwkdif;ukd rxdef;csKyfEkdif?
aornf&Sifrnfukdvnf;aumif;? usef;rma&;aumif;rnfraumif;rnfukd
vnf;aumif; wkdif;wmqkH;jzwfEkdifpGrf;r&SdMuvQif aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif t&Sif
jcif;ESihf usef;rma&;aumif;jcif;wkdYukd ay;oem;awmfrlaomolukd aus;Zl
wifcsD;rGrf;Mu&ygrnf/ t&Sifjcif;ESihfwuG bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*F
vmukd cHpm;&aomaeYwkdif;onf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;aeYvnf; jzpf&yg
rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY\ ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ukd xdef;
csKyfxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd uREkfyfwkdYtay:
ü oGef;avmif;awmfrlonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\tBuHtpnfukd uREkfyf
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;132 133
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wdkYüNyD;ajrmufapawmfrlonf/ aus;Zl;wifwwfaomolrsm;jzpfzdkY uREkfyfwkdY
oif,lMu&rnf/ rnfonfht&mukd vkyfrnf? rnfonfhae&mukdoGm;rnf[k
0g<um;aernfhtpm; ESdrfhcsjcif;tm;vkH;ESihftwl bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESH
í t&mcyfodrf;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSa&mufvmMuaMumif;udk tod
trSwfjyKwwf&ef oif,lMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 17 wGif jyif;xefaomowday;csufESihf
twl þtykdif;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ vlwkdYu rdrdwkdYjyKvkyf&rnf[kodxm;
onfhaumif;aomt&mukd rjyKvkyfvQif tjypfukdusL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf[k
az:jycJhonf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif;uREkfyfwkdYBuHpnfaom tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmftm;&SmBuH&efvkdtyfaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyf\
pum;vkH;rs;u today;aeygonf/ ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmfukd
&SmBuHjcif;onf wpfrsKd;jzpfí? xkdtvkdawmfukd Mum;emjcif;ESihf emcHvkduf
avQmufjcif;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wywfwmtwGif;ü wpfpkHwpfckukd jyKvkyf
&ef bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ n§ifomaomwGef;tm;ay;jcif;ukd tBudrf
rnfrQuREkfyfwkdYcHpm;cJhygoenf;/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ü wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd tBudrfrnfrQxnfhxm;cJhygoenf;/ uREkfyf
wkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü bk&m;ocifxm;xm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY wkefYjyefyg
ovm;/ xkdokdYrjyKvkyfjcif;onf tjypfjzpfygovm;/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\
pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfukd &SmBuHí? yk*¾vawmifh
wrIqE´rsm;ü aoqkH;um aeYpOfaeYwkdif;bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufü
tjynfht00efcHtyfESHMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht&mukd vkyfrnf? rnfonfhae&mukdoGm;rnf
[laom 0g<um;jcif;twGuf ae&mr&Sdyg/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;
avsmfpGm uRekfyfwkdYonf b0\jzpf&yfrsm;? ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;
tay:ü xdef;csKyfEkdifrI r&SdMuonfukd odvm&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfaeYpOf
ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHMuonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd xdef;
csKyfykdifotkyfpkd;awmfrlaombk&m;jzpfonhftavsmuf bk&m;ocifonf rdrd
qDavsmfonf[k jrifonfhrnfonfht&mukdrqkd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmqDokdY
,laqmifvmEkdifaom vkyfykdifcGihf&Sdygonf/ bk&m;ocifwGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
OD;aqmifjcif;(okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukd ajymif;vJjcif;wGif vkyfykdif
cGihf&Sdaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&nf&G,fcsufrSm ESdrfhcspGmjzihf txHawmfü 0efcH
tyfESH&efjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd wpfpkHwpfa,muftwGuf trSefwu,f
0g<um;Ekdifygovm;/ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtm;vkH;onf rnfonfh
ae&mrSa&mufvmMuygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rarQmfvifhbJ wpfpkHwpfckukd oihfxHrS,laqmif
oGm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ þtcsufuoihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaom
olrnfoljzpfonf[laomtcsufESihf pyfvsOf;í rnfonfh t&mukd
oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oifhtoufwmaeY&ufxJodkY rBuHpnfbJa&mufvmaom tjzpf
tysufrsm;ESihfywfoufí oifh&JUwkefYjyefrIum;tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifhxHü0efcHtyfESH&ef oifvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdjcif;ESihf
ywfoufíþtcsufurnf onfht&mukd oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oihf&JUtoufwmESihf aeY&ufpOfwkdif;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü qufuyf
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;134 135
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wdkYüNyD;ajrmufapawmfrlonf/ aus;Zl;wifwwfaomolrsm;jzpfzdkY uREkfyfwkdY
oif,lMu&rnf/ rnfonfht&mukd vkyfrnf? rnfonfhae&mukdoGm;rnf[k
0g<um;aernfhtpm; ESdrfhcsjcif;tm;vkH;ESihftwl bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESH
í t&mcyfodrf;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSa&mufvmMuaMumif;udk tod
trSwfjyKwwf&ef oif,lMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu tcef;i,f 17 wGif jyif;xefaomowday;csufESihf
twl þtykdif;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ vlwkdYu rdrdwkdYjyKvkyf&rnf[kodxm;
onfhaumif;aomt&mukd rjyKvkyfvQif tjypfukdusL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf[k
az:jycJhonf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif;uREkfyfwkdYBuHpnfaom tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmftm;&SmBuH&efvkdtyfaMumif;ukd &Sif,mukyf\
pum;vkH;rs;u today;aeygonf/ ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmfukd
&SmBuHjcif;onf wpfrsKd;jzpfí? xkdtvkdawmfukd Mum;emjcif;ESihf emcHvkduf
avQmufjcif;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wywfwmtwGif;ü wpfpkHwpfckukd jyKvkyf
&ef bk&m;ocifh0dnmOfawmf\ n§ifomaomwGef;tm;ay;jcif;ukd tBudrf
rnfrQuREkfyfwkdYcHpm;cJhygoenf;/ bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;ü wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd tBudrfrnfrQxnfhxm;cJhygoenf;/ uREkfyf
wkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü bk&m;ocifxm;xm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY wkefYjyefyg
ovm;/ xkdokdYrjyKvkyfjcif;onf tjypfjzpfygovm;/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\
pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfukd &SmBuHí? yk*¾vawmifh
wrIqE´rsm;ü aoqkH;um aeYpOfaeYwkdif;bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufü
tjynfht00efcHtyfESHMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht&mukd vkyfrnf? rnfonfhae&mukdoGm;rnf
[laom 0g<um;jcif;twGuf ae&mr&Sdyg/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;
avsmfpGm uRekfyfwkdYonf b0\jzpf&yfrsm;? ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;
tay:ü xdef;csKyfEkdifrI r&SdMuonfukd odvm&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfaeYpOf
ukd,fhukd,fukd bk&m;ocifxHü 0efcHtyfESHMuonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd xdef;
csKyfykdifotkyfpkd;awmfrlaombk&m;jzpfonhftavsmuf bk&m;ocifonf rdrd
qDavsmfonf[k jrifonfhrnfonfht&mukdrqkd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmqDokdY
,laqmifvmEkdifaom vkyfykdifcGihf&Sdygonf/ bk&m;ocifwGif uREkfyfwkdYukd
OD;aqmifjcif;(okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukd ajymif;vJjcif;wGif vkyfykdif
cGihf&Sdaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\&nf&G,fcsufrSm ESdrfhcspGmjzihf txHawmfü 0efcH
tyfESH&efjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYtoufwm&Sd wpfpkHwpfa,muftwGuf trSefwu,f
0g<um;Ekdifygovm;/ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtm;vkH;onf rnfonfh
ae&mrSa&mufvmMuygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf rarQmfvifhbJ wpfpkHwpfckukd oihfxHrS,laqmif
oGm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ þtcsufuoihftoufwmukd xdef;csKyfaom
olrnfoljzpfonf[laomtcsufESihf pyfvsOf;í rnfonfh t&mukd
oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oifhtoufwmaeY&ufxJodkY rBuHpnfbJa&mufvmaom tjzpf
tysufrsm;ESihfywfoufí oifh&JUwkefYjyefrIum;tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifhxHü0efcHtyfESH&ef oifvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdjcif;ESihf
ywfoufíþtcsufurnf onfht&mukd oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oihf&JUtoufwmESihf aeY&ufpOfwkdif;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü qufuyf
reufjzeftwGuf0g<um;jcif;134 135
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tyfESHzl;ygovm;/ oif0efcHtyfESHzkdY vkdtyfaeao;onfht&mrsm;
&Sdygovm;/ xkdt&mrsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
oihfawGUqkHzkYd (okdY) pum;ajymzkdY wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd bk&m;ocif
uoihfpdwfESvkH;xJü xm;cJhzl;ygov;/ oihftaejzihf 0efcHtyfESH
zkdY (okdY) jyKvkyfzkdYvkdtyfaom wpfpkHwpfckukd bk&m;ocifu oihf
pdwfESvkH;xJü xm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ oifonfemcHjcif;&SdcJhygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihfb0&JUtjzpftysufukd bk&m;ocifuzGihfcsjyocJhonfh enf;
vrf;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihf&JUaumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;ukd wnDwñGwfjyKMu&ef
uwdawmfay;cJhonfhtwGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg (a&mr 8;28 ukdMunfhyg)/
bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdvnf;
aumif; oifr&SmBuHcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;
qkdyg/ oihf&JUtpDtpOfrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuajymif;vJcJhaom
aMumihf oifa'goxGuf (okdY) pdwfysufcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;qkdyg/
,aeYwGif oihf&JUb0vrf;aMumif;xJokdY bk&m;ocif,laqmifvm
aomywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocif,laqmifvmaomt&mrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í rausreyfnnf;wGm; wdkifwef;jcif;rsm;rS oihfukdqD;
wm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
1616
1616
16
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
,mukyf 5;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD; 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrdtav;xm;csufukd csrf;om
aomolrsm;taMumif;qDokdY ajymif;vkdufonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\
aiGaMu;ESihf t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukdwvGJtokH;jyKykHaMumihf þokdYa&G;xkwfí
txl;ajymqkdxm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ okdYaomf þtcsuftm;jzihfaiGaMu;
ESihfcsrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\yifukd,fb0tm;jzihf raumif;aom
t&mrsm;jzpfMuonf[k rrSwf,loihfyg/ okdYaomf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;
ocifuolwkdYukd ay;oem;xm;aom csrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;ukd wvGJtokH;
jyKaeMuygonf/ vlwpfa,muf\ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf 4if;\
aiGaMu;rsm;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;tokH;jyKykHukd oufa&mufrI&Sdonf[k
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu csrf;omaomolrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
tay:ü usa&mufvmrnfh qif;&J'ku©a0'emaMumifh ikda<u;atmf[pfyl
aqG;Mu&ef ajymqkdjcif;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;
onfolwkdYtay:üusa&mufvmawmhrnfjzpfonf/ wpfzefuREkfyfwkdYod&Sd
xm;zkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrSm þw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf olwkdY\aiGaMu;csrf;om
rIaMumifhr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf xkdaiGaMu;csrf;omrIukd olwkdYurnfokdYrSwf,l
136
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tyfESHzl;ygovm;/ oif0efcHtyfESHzkdY vkdtyfaeao;onfht&mrsm;
&Sdygovm;/ xkdt&mrsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
oihfawGUqkHzkYd (okdY) pum;ajymzkdY wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd bk&m;ocif
uoihfpdwfESvkH;xJü xm;cJhzl;ygov;/ oihftaejzihf 0efcHtyfESH
zkdY (okdY) jyKvkyfzkdYvkdtyfaom wpfpkHwpfckukd bk&m;ocifu oihf
pdwfESvkH;xJü xm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ oifonfemcHjcif;&SdcJhygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihfb0&JUtjzpftysufukd bk&m;ocifuzGihfcsjyocJhonfh enf;
vrf;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihf&JUaumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;ukd wnDwñGwfjyKMu&ef
uwdawmfay;cJhonfhtwGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg (a&mr 8;28 ukdMunfhyg)/
bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukdvnf;
aumif; oifr&SmBuHcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;
qkdyg/ oihf&JUtpDtpOfrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuajymif;vJcJhaom
aMumihf oifa'goxGuf (okdY) pdwfysufcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;qkdyg/
,aeYwGif oihf&JUb0vrf;aMumif;xJokdY bk&m;ocif,laqmifvm
aomywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocif,laqmifvmaomt&mrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í rausreyfnnf;wGm; wdkifwef;jcif;rsm;rS oihfukdqD;
wm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
1616
1616
16
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuf trSmpum;
,mukyf 5;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD; 5 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrdtav;xm;csufukd csrf;om
aomolrsm;taMumif;qDokdY ajymif;vkdufonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\
aiGaMu;ESihf t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukdwvGJtokH;jyKykHaMumihf þokdYa&G;xkwfí
txl;ajymqkdxm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ okdYaomf þtcsuftm;jzihfaiGaMu;
ESihfcsrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\yifukd,fb0tm;jzihf raumif;aom
t&mrsm;jzpfMuonf[k rrSwf,loihfyg/ okdYaomf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;
ocifuolwkdYukd ay;oem;xm;aom csrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;ukd wvGJtokH;
jyKaeMuygonf/ vlwpfa,muf\ ppfrSefaom,kHMunfjcif;onf 4if;\
aiGaMu;rsm;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;tokH;jyKykHukd oufa&mufrI&Sdonf[k
&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sif,mukyfu csrf;omaomolrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY
tay:ü usa&mufvmrnfh qif;&J'ku©a0'emaMumifh ikda<u;atmf[pfyl
aqG;Mu&ef ajymqkdjcif;jzihftpjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;
onfolwkdYtay:üusa&mufvmawmhrnfjzpfonf/ wpfzefuREkfyfwkdYod&Sd
xm;zkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrSm þw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf olwkdY\aiGaMu;csrf;om
rIaMumifhr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf xkdaiGaMu;csrf;omrIukd olwkdYurnfokdYrSwf,l
136
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onf? rnfokdYtokH;jyKcJhonf[laom tcsufaMumifh pD&ifcH&rnfjzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmü ypönfOpömrsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd
cHpm;cJhMuaomolawmfpifrsm;&SdcJhMuonf/ aqmfvrkefrif;BuD;ESihf 'g0d'f
rif;BuD;wkdYonf xdkacwfumvrS&Sifbk&ifrsm;tm;vkH;xuf csrf;om<u,f0
cJhMuonf/ tmjA[HonfNcHarG;wd&dpämefrsm;pGmukdykdifqkdifcJhNyD; vkHavmuf
aompm;usufuGif;twGuf avmwESihfyif vrf;cGJzkdYjzpfvmcJhonf (urÇmOD;
13;6)/ csrf;om<u,f0jcif;onf qkd;npfaomt&mr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf
uREkfyfwkdYucGihfjyKrnfqkdvQif 4if;wkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ae&mukd
tvsiftjrefpwif&,lEkdifMuonf/ bk&m;ocifay;xm;aomt&if;tjrpf
rsm;ukdtokH;jyKí olwkdYusL;vGefcJhaom raumif;rIrsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocifu
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd w&m;pD&ifrnfjzpfonf/
þusrf;csufü awGU&onfhypönf;csrf;om<u,f0jcif;taMumif;
onf bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;tm;vkH;ESihfvnf; pyfqkdifaMumif;
ukd uREkfyfwkdYrSwfom;xm;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ypönf;Opömykdifqkdifjcif;ü
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4if;wdkY\ avmb&r®ufonf olwkdYtay:üyif acs;wufí acs;pm;onfh
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csrf;om<u,f0jcif;onf ,kwfnHhqkd;0g;aomt&m [kwfygovm;/
uREfkyfwkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdraumif;rI
'kp½kdufxJokdY rnfokdYykdYaqmifEkdifygooenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrnfonfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ay;cJhyg
oenf;/ xkdaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftwGuf oifrnf
okdYtokH;csaeygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ csrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;ESihf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd rD;ESihf
rnfokdYEIdif;,SOfEkdifygoenf;/
toufwmü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdavmuDcsrf;om<u,f0rI
axmifacsmufrS rnfokdYumuG,fay;Ekdifygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg oif
rnfokdYykdí aumif;rGefaomenf;vrf;jzihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHEkdifygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmrSm bk&m;ocifhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;\ jynfhpkH
<u,f0rIukd awGUjrifEkdif&ef oifh&JUrsufvkH;rsm;ukd zGihfay;zkdY awmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg tokH;
jyKEkdif&efulnDrpay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUt&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd wpfukd,faumif;qefaom om,maysmf
&TifrIrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;zkdY bk&m;
ociftm;awmif;avQmufyg/
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuftrSmpum;142 143
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwkdYukd ay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnf
okdYtokH;jyKaeMuaMumif;ukd av;av;eufeufjyefvnfokH;oyfMuzdkY &Sif,m
ukyf\ þpum;vkH;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd pdefac:aeygonf/ bk&m;ocifu
uREkfyfwkdYukday;cJhonfh aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd uRekfyfwkdYrnfokdYtokH;jyKcJh
MuonfhtaMumif;ukd wpfaeYwGifbk&m;ocifxHü jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ajzMum;
Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd odrf;qnf;íoHacs;wufjcif;
ESihf rIdwufjcif;ukd pkaqmif;Murnfvm; (okdY) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü
&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHMurnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aomt&m
rsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYtokH;jyKMuonfukd apmifhMunfhaeygonf/ xkd
aumif;BuD;r*FvmwpfckpDukd uREkfyfwkdYtokH;jyKykHtwGuf wpfaeYwGifjyefvnf
&Sif;vif;ajzMum;Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
csrf;om<u,f0jcif;onf ,kwfnHhqkd;0g;aomt&m [kwfygovm;/
uREfkyfwkdY\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdraumif;rI
'kp½kdufxJokdY rnfokdYykdYaqmifEkdifygooenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf oihfukdrnfonfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ay;cJhyg
oenf;/ xkdaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftwGuf oifrnf
okdYtokH;csaeygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ csrf;om<u,f0rIrsm;ESihf aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd rD;ESihf
rnfokdYEIdif;,SOfEkdifygoenf;/
toufwmü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdavmuDcsrf;om<u,f0rI
axmifacsmufrS rnfokdYumuG,fay;Ekdifygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg oif
rnfokdYykdí aumif;rGefaomenf;vrf;jzihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHEkdifygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoufwmrSm bk&m;ocifhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;\ jynfhpkH
<u,f0rIukd awGUjrifEkdif&ef oifh&JUrsufvkH;rsm;ukd zGihfay;zkdY awmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg tokH;
jyKEkdif&efulnDrpay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUt&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd wpfukd,faumif;qefaom om,maysmf
&TifrIrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;zkdY bk&m;
ociftm;awmif;avQmufyg/
csrf;omaomolrsm;twGuftrSmpum;142 143
1717
1717
17
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
,mukyf 5;7-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhMuonfh
csrf;omolrsm;xHü &Sif,mukyfpum;ajymcJhonfukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUcJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf rMumrDa&mufvmawmh
rnftaMumif;ukd olwkYdtm;ajymcJhonf./ ,ckþtykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;ukd cH&aomolrsm;xHü ajymcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu olwkdY
taejzihfw&m;rQwrIukdvufcH&&Sdrnfh aeY&ufa&mufvmawmhrnfht
aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 7 \pdefac:csufrSm qif;&J'ku©cH&csdefü onf;cHjcif;
&SdMu&efjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfu zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;cH nDtpfukdarmifESr
rsm;tm; pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;ESihfwuG ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
ukd apmifhpm;Mu&ef cGeftm;ay;xm;onf/ olwkdYonf vufavQmht½IH;ay;
jcif;r&SdbJ 4if;wkdY\0efxkyfrsm;atmufwGif qufvufwnfNrJaeMu&efjzpf
onf/ þonfrSm vkyfaqmif&efjzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
þavmuü w&m;rQwrIESihfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd aqmif,lvmrnfh
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tay:ü rdrdwdkY\arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ukd
ykHtyfxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
þonfrSm tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufr[kwfyg/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf
1717
1717
17
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
,mukyf 5;7-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhMuonfh
csrf;omolrsm;xHü &Sif,mukyfpum;ajymcJhonfukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUcJhMuonf/
&Sif,mukyfu bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf rMumrDa&mufvmawmh
rnftaMumif;ukd olwkYdtm;ajymcJhonf./ ,ckþtykdif;wGif &Sif,mukyfu
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;ukd cH&aomolrsm;xHü ajymcJhonf/ &Sif,mukyfu olwkdY
taejzihfw&m;rQwrIukdvufcH&&Sdrnfh aeY&ufa&mufvmawmhrnfht
aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 7 \pdefac:csufrSm qif;&J'ku©cH&csdefü onf;cHjcif;
&SdMu&efjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfu zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;cH nDtpfukdarmifESr
rsm;tm; pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;ESihfwuG ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
ukd apmifhpm;Mu&ef cGeftm;ay;xm;onf/ olwkdYonf vufavQmht½IH;ay;
jcif;r&SdbJ 4if;wkdY\0efxkyfrsm;atmufwGif qufvufwnfNrJaeMu&efjzpf
onf/ þonfrSm vkyfaqmif&efjzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
þavmuü w&m;rQwrIESihfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd aqmif,lvmrnfh
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tay:ü rdrdwdkY\arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ukd
ykHtyfxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
þonfrSm tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufr[kwfyg/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
<uqif;vmrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,kHMunfolrsm;ü tqkH;wkdiftywfwukwf
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaexkdifoGm;zdkY taMumif;jycsufwpfck&Sdaeygonf/ ocif
a,½Ionf rSm;,Gif;aeaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd trSefjyifcJhygvdrfhrnf/
,aeY\ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifEkdifpGrf;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\atmifEkdifrIrsm;ukd trSef
wu,f&&SdMurnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu v,fvkyfolonf rdrd\oD;ESHrsm;kd rnfokdYapmifhpm;
aMumif;udkaxmufjyjcif;jzihf þtcsufukd&Sif;jycJhygonf/ v,fvkyfolonf
rdrd\v,frsm;onf owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif aumif;rGefaomaumuf
yJoD;ESHrsm;ukd xkwfvkyfay;rnf[k ,kHMunfvQufrsKd;aphrsm;ukd BuJygonf/
rkd;&Gmcsaomtcg ajrmufjrm;pGmaom &dwfodrf;jcif;ukd &&Sdrnf[k arQmfvihf
&if;rkd;&Gmcsdefukd pdwf&SnfpGmapmifhpm;cJhonf/ v,fvkyfolonf BudK;BudK;
pm;pm;ESihftcsdefumvMumjrihfpGm tvkyfvkyfcJhygonf/ taMumif;rSmtqkH;
wGif qkvm'fwpfck&SdcJhrnfukd olodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xkdqkvm'frSm
olaysmfykdufcHpm;&rnfh &dwfodrf;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tvm;wlyif uREkfyfwkdY
onfvnf; ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[laomtcsufwGif
arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdxm;Muygonf/ v,fvkyfoluJhokdYyif uREkfyfwkdYonf ocif
bk&m;tzkdYtvkdiSg rsm;pGmaomt&mrsm;ukd onf;cHjzwfoef;zkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;
&SdaeMuygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf opöm&Sdaomrdrd\tapcHi,fom;rsm;ukd
qkcsD;jr§ifh&ef jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom todonfcufcJusyfwnf;
aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfMuzdkY arQmfvifhcsufESihf
cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd ay;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ocifbk&m; jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;atmuf
wGifaeYpOf&SifoefzdkY vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü &efolu
ypfcsxm;rnfh tqD;twm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif; *wdawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukd&J&ifhjcif;owåday;urf;
ap&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREfkyfwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;odkYaqmif,l
&ef <uqif;vmygonf/ xkdt&yfwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J
jcif;'ku©rsm;rSaemufqkH; vGwfajrmufoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
raumif;rI'kp½kduf\ wefckd;udkatmifEkdifausmfvTm;zdkY <uqif;vmygonf/
olonfw&m;pD&ifzkdY <uqif;vmygonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\qkvm'frsm;qD
okdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;zkdY <uqif;vmygnf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
qif;vmrnf[laom uwdawmfwGif tHhzG,farQmfvifhjcif; uREkffyfwkdYtwGuf
&Sdaeonf r[kwfygvm;/ ocifa,½I\uwdawmf jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd
apmifhpm;aeMucsdefwGif aumif;aomv,fvkyfoluJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;
ajrrsm;ukd taumif;qkH;tajctaeü &Sdxm;MuygpkdY/
tcef;i,f 8wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
ocifc&pfawmf rMumrDjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,kHMunf
jcif;ü NrJNrHpGm&yfwnfaeMuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif
olwkdYonf emcHjcif;ESihfwuG,kHMunfjcif;wGif NrJNrHaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ zdESdyf
csKyfcs,frIrsm;atmufwGif vufavQmht½IH;ay;jcif; (okdY) ysif;&dav;wGJvm
jcif;rjzpf&yg/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ wkdufyGJukdqufvufqifETJMu&ygrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; w&m;pD&ifaomolo
onf wHcg;em;wGif &yfvQufaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ xkdw&m;pD
&ifolonf xkdwHcg;ukd jzwfavQmufítcsdefra&G; 0ifa&mufvmEkdifygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtqifoihfjzpfMuygrnfvm;/ xkdwHcg;ukd jzwfavQmufí ol0if
146 147
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
<uqif;vmrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,kHMunfolrsm;ü tqkH;wkdiftywfwukwf
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaexkdifoGm;zdkY taMumif;jycsufwpfck&Sdaeygonf/ ocif
a,½Ionf rSm;,Gif;aeaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd trSefjyifcJhygvdrfhrnf/
,aeY\ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifEkdifpGrf;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\atmifEkdifrIrsm;ukd trSef
wu,f&&SdMurnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sif,mukyfu v,fvkyfolonf rdrd\oD;ESHrsm;kd rnfokdYapmifhpm;
aMumif;udkaxmufjyjcif;jzihf þtcsufukd&Sif;jycJhygonf/ v,fvkyfolonf
rdrd\v,frsm;onf owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif aumif;rGefaomaumuf
yJoD;ESHrsm;ukd xkwfvkyfay;rnf[k ,kHMunfvQufrsKd;aphrsm;ukd BuJygonf/
rkd;&Gmcsaomtcg ajrmufjrm;pGmaom &dwfodrf;jcif;ukd &&Sdrnf[k arQmfvihf
&if;rkd;&Gmcsdefukd pdwf&SnfpGmapmifhpm;cJhonf/ v,fvkyfolonf BudK;BudK;
pm;pm;ESihftcsdefumvMumjrihfpGm tvkyfvkyfcJhygonf/ taMumif;rSmtqkH;
wGif qkvm'fwpfck&SdcJhrnfukd olodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xkdqkvm'frSm
olaysmfykdufcHpm;&rnfh &dwfodrf;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tvm;wlyif uREkfyfwkdY
onfvnf; ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[laomtcsufwGif
arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdxm;Muygonf/ v,fvkyfoluJhokdYyif uREkfyfwkdYonf ocif
bk&m;tzkdYtvkdiSg rsm;pGmaomt&mrsm;ukd onf;cHjzwfoef;zkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;
&SdaeMuygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf opöm&Sdaomrdrd\tapcHi,fom;rsm;ukd
qkcsD;jr§ifh&ef jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom todonfcufcJusyfwnf;
aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfMuzdkY arQmfvifhcsufESihf
cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd ay;ygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\ocifbk&m; jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;atmuf
wGifaeYpOf&SifoefzdkY vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ay:ü &efolu
ypfcsxm;rnfh tqD;twm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif; *wdawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukd&J&ifhjcif;owåday;urf;
ap&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREfkyfwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;odkYaqmif,l
&ef <uqif;vmygonf/ xkdt&yfwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J
jcif;'ku©rsm;rSaemufqkH; vGwfajrmufoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
raumif;rI'kp½kduf\ wefckd;udkatmifEkdifausmfvTm;zdkY <uqif;vmygonf/
olonfw&m;pD&ifzkdY <uqif;vmygonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\qkvm'frsm;qD
okdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;zkdY <uqif;vmygnf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
qif;vmrnf[laom uwdawmfwGif tHhzG,farQmfvifhjcif; uREkffyfwkdYtwGuf
&Sdaeonf r[kwfygvm;/ ocifa,½I\uwdawmf jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd
apmifhpm;aeMucsdefwGif aumif;aomv,fvkyfoluJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;
ajrrsm;ukd taumif;qkH;tajctaeü &Sdxm;MuygpkdY/
tcef;i,f 8wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
ocifc&pfawmf rMumrDjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,kHMunf
jcif;ü NrJNrHpGm&yfwnfaeMuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif
olwkdYonf emcHjcif;ESihfwuG,kHMunfjcif;wGif NrJNrHaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ zdESdyf
csKyfcs,frIrsm;atmufwGif vufavQmht½IH;ay;jcif; (okdY) ysif;&dav;wGJvm
jcif;rjzpf&yg/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ wkdufyGJukdqufvufqifETJMu&ygrnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; w&m;pD&ifaomolo
onf wHcg;em;wGif &yfvQufaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ xkdw&m;pD
&ifolonf xkdwHcg;ukd jzwfavQmufítcsdefra&G; 0ifa&mufvmEkdifygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtqifoihfjzpfMuygrnfvm;/ xkdwHcg;ukd jzwfavQmufí ol0if
146 147
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vmaomtcg rnfonfht&mukd olawGUjrifrnfenf;/ olY&JUopfvGif
vef;qef;apjcif;rkd;twGuf oihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ajrrsm;tqifoihf jzpfaeonf
ukd olawGUjrifygrnfvm;/ uREkfyfwkYdonf tdyfaysmfaeí oljyefvnf<u
qif;vmjcif;twGuf uRekfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ajrrsm;ukd jyifqifrxm;cJhvQif
rnfonfht&mukd oljrifawGUrnfenf;/
tcef;i,f 9wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\tm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf xGef,ufpkdufysKd;íjyifqifxm;&ef vkdtyfvQuf&Sd
aom pmzwfy&dowfwdkY\toufwmrS oD;oefYtpdwftykdif;wpfckudk
tav;teufxm;cJhonf/ txl;ojzihfþae&mwGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; wpfOD;ESifwpfOD; jiif;ckefjypfwifjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMu
zkdY? xkdokdYjyKvkyfvQif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif w&m;pD&ifjcif;
cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;xm;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uvmjcif;
ukd apmifhpm;MuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom
tjcm;nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihftwl ,SOfwGJaexkdifMu&rnf/ xkdokdYaexkdif
Mu&mwGif y#dyu©rsm;? oabmxm;uGJjym;rIrsm; &Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ pmwef
onf ysufpD;aeaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;\ tpGrf;ukdodxm;onf/ olonf
,aeYtoif;awmfxJ&Sd usKd;yJhysufpD;aeaomqufqHa&;rsm;rS jzpfvmEkdkif
onfhysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIukd odaeonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocif
c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m&Sd qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ukd txl;*½kpdkufMu&eftod
ay;xm;onf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd olwkdYapmifhpm;aeMu
onfESihftrQ olwkdYtwwfEkdifqkH;BudK;pm;tm;xkwf vkyfaqmif&rnfht&m
rSm wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;Mum;ü aumif;rGefaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIukd qufvuf
xdef;odrf;xm;&efjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;Mum;wGif aumif;rGef
aom qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;tm;jzihf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;
ajrrsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twguf jyifqifxm;Mu
&ygrnf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif jiif;ckH
jypfwifjcif;aygif;jrufukd awGU&rnfr[kwfyg/ þonfrSmþ,kHMunfolrsm;
&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&onfh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf cufcJ½kef;uefjcif;umv
rsm;twGuf txl;pdefac:csufwpf&yfjzpfaeygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS
ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ þya&mzufrsm;
onf4if;wkdY\ acwfumvrS vlrsm;\vufxJü tBuD;tus,f'ku©BuHKawGU
cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukd
xkwfazmfa[majym&mwGif þvlqkd;rsm;\qJa&;apmfum;jcif;ESihf jypfwif
armif;rJjcif;rsm;ukd cHcJhMuonf/ þuJhokdYaomf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;&Sd
aevifhupm; ,kHMunfjcif;tm;BuD;aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf tqkH;xdwkdif
wnfMunfcJhMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þya&m
zufrsm;uJhokdY ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfü pdwf&Snfonf;cHí tcuftcJrsm;
ukd BuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifjzwfoef;MuzkdY qifhac:wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;
onftjypfESihf raumif;rI'kp½kdufukdw&m;pD&ifzdkY qif;<uvmygvdrfhrnf/
tjypfESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufrsm;ukd r,kHMunfolrsm;\pdwfESvkH;om;üom
awGU&onfr[kwf? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;om;xJüyif awGUEkdifygonf/ ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;BuD;rm;aomarQmfvifhcsuf
ukdomay;onfr[kwf? 4if;onfbk&m;ocif\om;orD;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdY
\pdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;ESifh vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&rnf[l
aom owdaycsufwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ ocif c&pfawmf jyefvnf<uqif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;148 149
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vmaomtcg rnfonfht&mukd olawGUjrifrnfenf;/ olY&JUopfvGif
vef;qef;apjcif;rkd;twGuf oihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ajrrsm;tqifoihf jzpfaeonf
ukd olawGUjrifygrnfvm;/ uREkfyfwkYdonf tdyfaysmfaeí oljyefvnf<u
qif;vmjcif;twGuf uRekfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ajrrsm;ukd jyifqifrxm;cJhvQif
rnfonfht&mukd oljrifawGUrnfenf;/
tcef;i,f 9wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\tm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf xGef,ufpkdufysKd;íjyifqifxm;&ef vkdtyfvQuf&Sd
aom pmzwfy&dowfwdkY\toufwmrS oD;oefYtpdwftykdif;wpfckudk
tav;teufxm;cJhonf/ txl;ojzihfþae&mwGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; wpfOD;ESifwpfOD; jiif;ckefjypfwifjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMu
zkdY? xkdokdYjyKvkyfvQif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif w&m;pD&ifjcif;
cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;xm;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uvmjcif;
ukd apmifhpm;MuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom
tjcm;nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihftwl ,SOfwGJaexkdifMu&rnf/ xkdokdYaexkdif
Mu&mwGif y#dyu©rsm;? oabmxm;uGJjym;rIrsm; &Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ pmwef
onf ysufpD;aeaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;\ tpGrf;ukdodxm;onf/ olonf
,aeYtoif;awmfxJ&Sd usKd;yJhysufpD;aeaomqufqHa&;rsm;rS jzpfvmEkdkif
onfhysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIukd odaeonf/ &Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocif
c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m&Sd qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ukd txl;*½kpdkufMu&eftod
ay;xm;onf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd olwkdYapmifhpm;aeMu
onfESihftrQ olwkdYtwwfEkdifqkH;BudK;pm;tm;xkwf vkyfaqmif&rnfht&m
rSm wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;Mum;ü aumif;rGefaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIukd qufvuf
xdef;odrf;xm;&efjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;Mum;wGif aumif;rGef
aom qufqH&if;ESD;rIukd xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;tm;jzihf rdrdwkdY\pdwfESvkH;
ajrrsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twguf jyifqifxm;Mu
&ygrnf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif jiif;ckH
jypfwifjcif;aygif;jrufukd awGU&rnfr[kwfyg/ þonfrSmþ,kHMunfolrsm;
&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&onfh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf cufcJ½kef;uefjcif;umv
rsm;twGuf txl;pdefac:csufwpf&yfjzpfaeygonf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS
ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ þya&mzufrsm;
onf4if;wkdY\ acwfumvrS vlrsm;\vufxJü tBuD;tus,f'ku©BuHKawGU
cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukd
xkwfazmfa[majym&mwGif þvlqkd;rsm;\qJa&;apmfum;jcif;ESihf jypfwif
armif;rJjcif;rsm;ukd cHcJhMuonf/ þuJhokdYaomf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;&Sd
aevifhupm; ,kHMunfjcif;tm;BuD;aom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf tqkH;xdwkdif
wnfMunfcJhMuonf/ &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þya&m
zufrsm;uJhokdY ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfü pdwf&Snfonf;cHí tcuftcJrsm;
ukd BuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifjzwfoef;MuzkdY qifhac:wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;
onftjypfESihf raumif;rI'kp½kdufukdw&m;pD&ifzdkY qif;<uvmygvdrfhrnf/
tjypfESihfraumif;rI'kp½kdufrsm;ukd r,kHMunfolrsm;\pdwfESvkH;om;üom
awGU&onfr[kwf? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;om;xJüyif awGUEkdifygonf/ ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;BuD;rm;aomarQmfvifhcsuf
ukdomay;onfr[kwf? 4if;onfbk&m;ocif\om;orD;tjzpfESihf uREkfyfwkdY
\pdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;ESifh vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&rnf[l
aom owdaycsufwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ ocif c&pfawmf jyefvnf<uqif;
udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;148 149
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vmygrnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufwGif&Sifoefaomolrsm; tm;vkH;onf ukd,fh
ukd,fukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapMuygvdrfhrnf/ xkdkokdYtm; jzihfolwkdYonf jyefvnf
<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf tqifoihfjzpf aeMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ü tywfwukwfBudK;pm; &SifoefMu
aomolrsm;twGufaumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&Sdygonf (i,f 11ukdMunfhyg)/
rdrdü&SdorQaomt&mrsm;qkH;½IH;oGm;jcif;ukd onf;cHíMuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifjzwf
oef;cJhaom a,mbukd&Sif,mukyfu OD;wnfíajymjycJhonf/ a,mb\
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifuolYukd tvQHty,faumif;BuD;
ay;cJhonf/ tqkH;wGif a,mbonf ,cifuykdifqkdifcJhonfh yrmPxuf
rsm;aomaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd bk&m;ocifxHrS &&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\emusifrIESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;ukd rjrifEkdifavmufatmif
rsufpduef;aeolr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfítxHawmf
üopöm&SdMuonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkYukdqkcsD;jr§ifhygvdrfhrnf/
Mo0g'pm\ þtykdif;wGifudk,fawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
tvif;ü&Sifoefaomolrsm;onf xl;jcm;aomvu©Pmrsm;ukd aqmifxm;
MuaMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ yxrtaejzihfolwkdY\ cufcJqif;&Jyifyef;
jcif;wGif cGeftm;opf&,lEkdifzdkYtaMumif;t&if;wpfckolwkdYü&Sdaeonf/
vuf&SdwGif cufcJqif;&Jyifyef;jcif;&Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;jyef
vnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif cyfodrf;aomt&mrsm;ukdjyKjyifí trSeft
wkdif;jzpfaprnfhtaMumif;ukd olwkdYodxm;Muonf/ b0wGifarQmfvifh
csufESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd olwkdYykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ olwkdY onfarQmfvifh
csuf ysufokef;jcif;r&SdMuyg/ taMumif;rSmolwkdYxHü atmifEkdifjcif;uwdukd
ay;cJhaom ocifbk&m;ay:üom tm½kHpl;pkdufxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif
&Sifoefaexkdifaomolrsm;onf opöm&SdíemcHjcif;vnf; &SdMuvdrfhrnf/
ocifbk&m;<uqif;vmcsdefwGif olwkdYtqifoihfjzpfaecsifMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif opöm&Sdaomi,fom;tjzpf tawGUcH
vkdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihf rsufESmcsif;qkdifqkHawGUaomtcgwGif oefY&Sif;í
jzLpifolrsm;tjzpf&SdcsifaeMuonf/ udk,fawmf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif
t&SufuGJjcif;ESifhuif;vQuf rdrdwkdY\qkvm'fukd vufcH&&SdcsifMuonf/
wwd,taejzihf? ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif
&Sifoefaomolrsm;u þurÇmBuD;wGifcufcJyifyef;jcif;rsm;pGmukd &ifqkdif
ae&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonfxkdt&mukd roduRrf;jyKrnfr[kwf[k od
xm;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;&Sdí *½kPmw&m;
vnf;&Sdum olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom'ku©a0'emwGifvnf; &nf&G,fcsufwpf
ck&Sdxm;aMumif;ukdodxm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwf
jcif;w&m;udk ,kHMunfvQuf&SifoefMuNyD;? olwkdY\opöm&Sdjcif;twGuf ay;o
em;rnfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmudkvnf;apmifhpm;aeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 12wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\ pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
usdefqkdjcif;ukd tvsiftjrefrjyKvkyfMuzkdY? xkdokdYjyKvkyfvQif tjypfpD&ifjcif;
ukdcH&EkdifaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ olwkdY&ifqkdifaeMuonfh tcuftcJrsm;
tv,fwGif þ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf a&G;cs,fp&mr&SdonfhtqkH;ü usdef
qkdjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyf&efrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf/ Oyrm? vlwpfa,muf
ubk&m;ocifonf 4if;&ifqkdifae&aomppfaMumjcif;rS vGwfajrmufap
rnfqkdvQif þt&mukdjyKvkyfygrnf? xkdt&mukdjyKvkyfygrnf[k uwday;
cJhayvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf a,zo[laomol\taMumif;ukd w&m;
150 151udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vmygrnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufwGif&Sifoefaomolrsm; tm;vkH;onf ukd,fh
ukd,fukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapMuygvdrfhrnf/ xkdkokdYtm; jzihfolwkdYonf jyefvnf
<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf tqifoihfjzpf aeMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ü tywfwukwfBudK;pm; &SifoefMu
aomolrsm;twGufaumif;BuD;r*Fvmwpfyg;&Sdygonf (i,f 11ukdMunfhyg)/
rdrdü&SdorQaomt&mrsm;qkH;½IH;oGm;jcif;ukd onf;cHíMuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifjzwf
oef;cJhaom a,mbukd&Sif,mukyfu OD;wnfíajymjycJhonf/ a,mb\
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifuolYukd tvQHty,faumif;BuD;
ay;cJhonf/ tqkH;wGif a,mbonf ,cifuykdifqkdifcJhonfh yrmPxuf
rsm;aomaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd bk&m;ocifxHrS &&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\emusifrIESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;ukd rjrifEkdifavmufatmif
rsufpduef;aeolr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfítxHawmf
üopöm&SdMuonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkYukdqkcsD;jr§ifhygvdrfhrnf/
Mo0g'pm\ þtykdif;wGifudk,fawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
tvif;ü&Sifoefaomolrsm;onf xl;jcm;aomvu©Pmrsm;ukd aqmifxm;
MuaMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ yxrtaejzihfolwkdY\ cufcJqif;&Jyifyef;
jcif;wGif cGeftm;opf&,lEkdifzdkYtaMumif;t&if;wpfckolwkdYü&Sdaeonf/
vuf&SdwGif cufcJqif;&Jyifyef;jcif;&Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;jyef
vnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif cyfodrf;aomt&mrsm;ukdjyKjyifí trSeft
wkdif;jzpfaprnfhtaMumif;ukd olwkdYodxm;Muonf/ b0wGifarQmfvifh
csufESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd olwkdYykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ olwkdY onfarQmfvifh
csuf ysufokef;jcif;r&SdMuyg/ taMumif;rSmolwkdYxHü atmifEkdifjcif;uwdukd
ay;cJhaom ocifbk&m;ay:üom tm½kHpl;pkdufxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
'kwd,taejzihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif
&Sifoefaexkdifaomolrsm;onf opöm&SdíemcHjcif;vnf; &SdMuvdrfhrnf/
ocifbk&m;<uqif;vmcsdefwGif olwkdYtqifoihfjzpfaecsifMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif opöm&Sdaomi,fom;tjzpf tawGUcH
vkdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihf rsufESmcsif;qkdifqkHawGUaomtcgwGif oefY&Sif;í
jzLpifolrsm;tjzpf&SdcsifaeMuonf/ udk,fawmf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif
t&SufuGJjcif;ESifhuif;vQuf rdrdwkdY\qkvm'fukd vufcH&&SdcsifMuonf/
wwd,taejzihf? ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif
&Sifoefaomolrsm;u þurÇmBuD;wGifcufcJyifyef;jcif;rsm;pGmukd &ifqkdif
ae&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonfxkdt&mukd roduRrf;jyKrnfr[kwf[k od
xm;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;&Sdí *½kPmw&m;
vnf;&Sdum olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom'ku©a0'emwGifvnf; &nf&G,fcsufwpf
ck&Sdxm;aMumif;ukdodxm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\aumif;jrwf
jcif;w&m;udk ,kHMunfvQuf&SifoefMuNyD;? olwkdY\opöm&Sdjcif;twGuf ay;o
em;rnfhaumif;BuD;r*Fvmudkvnf;apmifhpm;aeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 12wGif &Sif,mukyfurdrd\ pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
usdefqkdjcif;ukd tvsiftjrefrjyKvkyfMuzkdY? xkdokdYjyKvkyfvQif tjypfpD&ifjcif;
ukdcH&EkdifaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ olwkdY&ifqkdifaeMuonfh tcuftcJrsm;
tv,fwGif þ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf a&G;cs,fp&mr&SdonfhtqkH;ü usdef
qkdjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyf&efrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf/ Oyrm? vlwpfa,muf
ubk&m;ocifonf 4if;&ifqkdifae&aomppfaMumjcif;rS vGwfajrmufap
rnfqkdvQif þt&mukdjyKvkyfygrnf? xkdt&mukdjyKvkyfygrnf[k uwday;
cJhayvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf a,zo[laomol\taMumif;ukd w&m;
150 151udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olBuD; 11;30-40 wGif zwf½I&onf/ a,zoonf &efolrsm;ESihf &ifqkdif
cJhcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifxHtm; &efolrsm;tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukday;vQif
wkdufyGJ rSjyefvmcsdef rdrdtm;yxrqkH;BudKqkdolukd ,Zftjzpf ylaZmfqufo
ygrnf uwdopömqkdcJhonf/ olwkdufyGJrSjyefa&mufvmcsdefwGif orD;jzpfolu
yxrqkH;c&D;OD;BudKcJhaomaMumifh þqifjcifwkHw&m;uif;rJhaom uwd
opömukd emcHonftaaejzihf olrukd,Zfjzpf ylaZmfqufocJh&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYtcuftcJrsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdiftay:üvnf;aumif;? þuJhokdYaom uwdopömukd
jyKrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; þt&m
rsKd;ukdjyKvkyfjcif;tm; a&SmifMuOfMuzkdY ajymxm;ygonf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfrnfh
tpm; uRKEfkyfwkdYonf odu©morm"dtm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? ½kd;om;jcif;tm;
jzihfvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd vTwfajrmufapzkdYa&mufvm
onfhtcsdefwkdifatmif tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ygrnf/ [kwf
onfukdt[kwf? r[kwfonfukdr[kwf[laom &nfñTef;csufu uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf 'ku©a0'emrsm;rS vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;
aumif;? tdrfeD;csi;frsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; tay;t,ljyKvkyfaomtcg at;
&mat;aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;rsKd;ukd rvkyfbJ? trSefukdtrSef
twkdif; jyKvkyf&ef qufuyftyfESHxm;onfh ½kd;om;wnfMunfí rSefuef
ajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;jzpfMuzdkY uRekfyfwkdYukd today;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;wGif ukd,fukd,fukdbk&m;ocifxHü
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;üvnf;aumif; qufuyf
tyfESHxm;Mu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifu olowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif uREkfyf
wkdYukdvGwfajrmufapygvdrfhrnf/ xkdtcsdefrwkdifrD tawmtwGif;wGif uREkfyf
wkdYonf pdwf&Snfonf;cHí uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom 'ku©a0'emrsm;tm;jzihf
bk&m;ocifu oif,lapvkdaomt&mukd oif,lMu&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif &Sifoefaexkdifaomolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ukd
auseyftm;&ap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;ukd *kPfjyK&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif; &SifoefMuonf[kajymjyaeygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMu
onfhtavsmuf? ocifc&pfawmfonf rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkd jyefvnf
<uqif;vmEkdifygonf[laom todw&m;ESihftwlaeYpOf&SifoefMuzkdY vkdtyf
onf/ þarQmfvifhcsufonf tvGefcufcJaomywf0ef;usiftajctaersKd;ü
yif pdwf&Snfonf;cHí ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;ESihftwl &SifoefzdkY uREkfyfwkdY
ukdaphaqmfoihfygonf/ uwdopömqkdjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? jzwfvrf;
ukdvkdufjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? at;&mat;aMumif;ajyvnf&m ajyvnf
aMumif; rjyKvkyfMuzkdYukdvnf; qkdvkdonf/ xkdYtjyif uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;a&SUwGif ESdrfhcsjcif;? odu©morm"d&Sdjcif;wkdYESihftwl avQmufvSrf;
&eftwwfEkdifqkH;BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzkdYukdvnf; qkdvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ocif
bk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif rsufarSmufawmfü &yfMu&efuREkfyfwkdY
tqifoihfjzpfvkdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;\ rsufarSmufawmfü uREkfyfwkdY&yf
aomtcg t&SufwuGJtusKd;enf;jcif;tjzpfrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrvkdcsifMuyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
reufjzefwGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcJhrnfhtaMumif;ukd
oifodaecJhvQif oifhtoufwmwGifrnfonfht&mukd oifajymif;
vJcJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
152 153udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olBuD; 11;30-40 wGif zwf½I&onf/ a,zoonf &efolrsm;ESihf &ifqkdif
cJhcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifxHtm; &efolrsm;tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukday;vQif
wkdufyGJ rSjyefvmcsdef rdrdtm;yxrqkH;BudKqkdolukd ,Zftjzpf ylaZmfqufo
ygrnf uwdopömqkdcJhonf/ olwkdufyGJrSjyefa&mufvmcsdefwGif orD;jzpfolu
yxrqkH;c&D;OD;BudKcJhaomaMumifh þqifjcifwkHw&m;uif;rJhaom uwd
opömukd emcHonftaaejzihf olrukd,Zfjzpf ylaZmfqufocJh&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYtcuftcJrsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdiftay:üvnf;aumif;? þuJhokdYaom uwdopömukd
jyKrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ &Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYtm; þt&m
rsKd;ukdjyKvkyfjcif;tm; a&SmifMuOfMuzkdY ajymxm;ygonf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfrnfh
tpm; uRKEfkyfwkdYonf odu©morm"dtm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? ½kd;om;jcif;tm;
jzihfvnf;aumif; bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd vTwfajrmufapzkdYa&mufvm
onfhtcsdefwkdifatmif tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ygrnf/ [kwf
onfukdt[kwf? r[kwfonfukdr[kwf[laom &nfñTef;csufu uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf 'ku©a0'emrsm;rS vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;
aumif;? tdrfeD;csi;frsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; tay;t,ljyKvkyfaomtcg at;
&mat;aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;rsKd;ukd rvkyfbJ? trSefukdtrSef
twkdif; jyKvkyf&ef qufuyftyfESHxm;onfh ½kd;om;wnfMunfí rSefuef
ajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;jzpfMuzdkY uRekfyfwkdYukd today;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;wGif ukd,fukd,fukdbk&m;ocifxHü
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;üvnf;aumif; qufuyf
tyfESHxm;Mu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifu olowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif uREkfyf
wkdYukdvGwfajrmufapygvdrfhrnf/ xkdtcsdefrwkdifrD tawmtwGif;wGif uREkfyf
wkdYonf pdwf&Snfonf;cHí uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom 'ku©a0'emrsm;tm;jzihf
bk&m;ocifu oif,lapvkdaomt&mukd oif,lMu&rnf/
&Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;wGif &Sifoefaexkdifaomolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ukd
auseyftm;&ap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;ukd *kPfjyK&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif; &SifoefMuonf[kajymjyaeygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMu
onfhtavsmuf? ocifc&pfawmfonf rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkd jyefvnf
<uqif;vmEkdifygonf[laom todw&m;ESihftwlaeYpOf&SifoefMuzkdY vkdtyf
onf/ þarQmfvifhcsufonf tvGefcufcJaomywf0ef;usiftajctaersKd;ü
yif pdwf&Snfonf;cHí ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;ESihftwl &SifoefzdkY uREkfyfwkdY
ukdaphaqmfoihfygonf/ uwdopömqkdjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? jzwfvrf;
ukdvkdufjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? at;&mat;aMumif;ajyvnf&m ajyvnf
aMumif; rjyKvkyfMuzkdYukdvnf; qkdvkdonf/ xkdYtjyif uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;a&SUwGif ESdrfhcsjcif;? odu©morm"d&Sdjcif;wkdYESihftwl avQmufvSrf;
&eftwwfEkdifqkH;BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzkdYukdvnf; qkdvkdonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ocif
bk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefwGif rsufarSmufawmfü &yfMu&efuREkfyfwkdY
tqifoihfjzpfvkdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;\ rsufarSmufawmfü uREkfyfwkdY&yf
aomtcg t&SufwuGJtusKd;enf;jcif;tjzpfrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrvkdcsifMuyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
reufjzefwGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcJhrnfhtaMumif;ukd
oifodaecJhvQif oifhtoufwmwGifrnfonfht&mukd oifajymif;
vJcJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
152 153udk,fawmf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdonf;cHapmifhpm;jcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwftm½kHukd xm0&umvüw&m;aopl;pkdufaom tcg
rnfonfhxl;jcm;csufrsm;jzpfvmygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf
pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGm &Sifoefaexkdif&ef oif,lzdkYtb,f
aMumihfta&;BuD;oenf;/
oihf&JUtcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;tv,fwGif oihf&JU,kHMunf
jcif;ü at;&mat;aMumif; ajyvnf&majyvnfaMumif;jyKvkyfzkdY
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;cH&zl;ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifuvGwfajrmuf
aponfhtcsdeftxd uREkfyfwkdY\tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;ukd
pdwf&SnfpGmjzihf o,fykd;oGm;&eftb,fhaMumihf ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;ü aeYpOf&SifoefzdkY
ulnDrpay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tay:ü oihf&JUvkyfaqmifrIrsm;?
oifh&JUpdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;ü ocifbk&m;ukd *kPfjyKzkdYoifysufuGuf
cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGufESihf cGifhvTwfay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
jyefvnfjyKjyifzdkYvdktyfaeonfhqufqHa&;rsm;&Sdygovm;/ jyef
vnfoifhjrwfjcif;twGufoifhudkulnDrpay;zdkY qkawmif;yg/
þb0üoif&ifqdkifzdkYcGifhjyKxm;onfh ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;udk
onf;cHpGrf;tm;ay;oem;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/ udk,fawmf\bkef;
awmftwGufþppfaMumjcif;rsm;udkausmfvTm;EdkifzdkY aus;Zl;awmf
udk awmif;avQmufyg/
1818
1818
18
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
,mukyf 5;13-20 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm\ þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ed*kH;csKyfpdefac:csufukd wpfckNyD;wpfckay;cJhyg
onf/ xkdt&mrsm;ukd wpfckcsif;pDcGJxkwfí uREkfyfwkdYavhvmoGm;Muygrnf/
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
þed*kH;csKyftykdif;ü &Sif,mukyfajymMum;cJhonfh yxrwkdufwGef;
csufonf qif;&J'ku©a&mufaeaomolrsm;xHüjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
olwkdYukdqkawmif;MuzdkY cGeftm;ay;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYxHodkYa&mufvmaom
jyóemrsm;ESihftcufcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdifaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtaumif;qkH;
jyKvkyfEkdkifaomt&mrSm qkawmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü tyfESHícGeftm;ay;jcif;ESihf
vrf;jyay;jcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&SmBuHMuonf/ þt&monf toufwmü
BuHKawGU&onfh ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wkdYukd wkefYjyef&mü uREkfyfwkdY\yxrqkH;
wkefYjyefrIjzpf&rnf/ þcufcJjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyffwkdYtNrJoGef
oifay;vkdYaeonf/ bk&m;ocifu ajymjyzkdYBudK;pm;aeaomt&mukd
Mum;emEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd uREkffyfwdkYvkdtyfonf/ tjypfusL;
154
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwftm½kHukd xm0&umvüw&m;aopl;pkdufaom tcg
rnfonfhxl;jcm;csufrsm;jzpfvmygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ESihf
pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGm &Sifoefaexkdif&ef oif,lzdkYtb,f
aMumihfta&;BuD;oenf;/
oihf&JUtcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;tv,fwGif oihf&JU,kHMunf
jcif;ü at;&mat;aMumif; ajyvnf&majyvnfaMumif;jyKvkyfzkdY
pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;cH&zl;ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifuvGwfajrmuf
aponfhtcsdeftxd uREkfyfwkdY\tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;ukd
pdwf&SnfpGmjzihf o,fykd;oGm;&eftb,fhaMumihf ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tvif;ü aeYpOf&SifoefzdkY
ulnDrpay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tay:ü oihf&JUvkyfaqmifrIrsm;?
oifh&JUpdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;ü ocifbk&m;ukd *kPfjyKzkdYoifysufuGuf
cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGufESihf cGifhvTwfay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
jyefvnfjyKjyifzdkYvdktyfaeonfhqufqHa&;rsm;&Sdygovm;/ jyef
vnfoifhjrwfjcif;twGufoifhudkulnDrpay;zdkY qkawmif;yg/
þb0üoif&ifqdkifzdkYcGifhjyKxm;onfh ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;udk
onf;cHpGrf;tm;ay;oem;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/ udk,fawmf\bkef;
awmftwGufþppfaMumjcif;rsm;udkausmfvTm;EdkifzdkY aus;Zl;awmf
udk awmif;avQmufyg/
1818
1818
18
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;
,mukyf 5;13-20 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sif,mukyfMo0g'pm\ þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif wrefawmfBuD;u
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ed*kH;csKyfpdefac:csufukd wpfckNyD;wpfckay;cJhyg
onf/ xkdt&mrsm;ukd wpfckcsif;pDcGJxkwfí uREkfyfwkdYavhvmoGm;Muygrnf/
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
'ku©qif;&JcH&vQif qkawmif;ap
þed*kH;csKyftykdif;ü &Sif,mukyfajymMum;cJhonfh yxrwkdufwGef;
csufonf qif;&J'ku©a&mufaeaomolrsm;xHüjzpfonf/ &Sif,mukyfu
olwkdYukdqkawmif;MuzdkY cGeftm;ay;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYxHodkYa&mufvmaom
jyóemrsm;ESihftcufcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdifaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtaumif;qkH;
jyKvkyfEkdkifaomt&mrSm qkawmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;xHü tyfESHícGeftm;ay;jcif;ESihf
vrf;jyay;jcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&SmBuHMuonf/ þt&monf toufwmü
BuHKawGU&onfh ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wkdYukd wkefYjyef&mü uREkfyfwkdY\yxrqkH;
wkefYjyefrIjzpf&rnf/ þcufcJjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyffwkdYtNrJoGef
oifay;vkdYaeonf/ bk&m;ocifu ajymjyzkdYBudK;pm;aeaomt&mukd
Mum;emEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocif\ÓPfynmukd uREkffyfwdkYvkdtyfonf/ tjypfusL;
154
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vGefrdjcif;r&SdbJ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfíausmfjzwfoGm;EkdifzkdYbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyf
onf/ bk&m;ociftvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uRekfyfwkdY
&ifqkdif&efbk&m;ocif\ cGeftm;ay;jcif;ESihfÓPfynmukd qkawmif;jcif;
tm;jzihf&,lMu&onf/
uREkfyf\rdwfaqGomoemjyKq&mwpfOD;u wpfBudrfwGif ]]uRef
awmfwkdY qkrawmif;wmawmhr[kwfbl;/ yxrqkH;qkrawmif;wmyg}}
[kajymcJhzl;onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkdvQif? uREkfyfwkdY'ku©a&mufaomtcg
(okdY) tcuftcJBuHKaomtcg qkawmif;jcif;ukduREkfyfwkdYyxrqkH;jyKvkyf
onfht&mtjzpfrzefwD;cJhMuyg/ jyóemwkdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\yif
ukd,ftpGrf;tprsm;qDodkY tNrJajy;oGm;cJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\q&m0efrsm;
(okdY) oli,fcsif;rsm;xHajy;oGm;wwfMuNyD;? xkdt&mrsm;jyKvkyfNyD;rSom ocif
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üjyKvkyfaom omrefqkawmif;oHwpfck\ wefckd;ukdjyoaom
Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 19-20 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolwkdY
tm; nDtpfukdwpfa,mufonf or®mw&m;vrf;rSvGJoGm;aomtcg wpfpkH
wpfa,mufonf xkdnDtpfukdtm; vrf;rSefokdYjyefac:EkdifvQif xkdolonf
vrf;vTJaeaomolukd aojcif;rSu,fwifvkdufjcif;jzpfonf[k today;cJh
onf/ &Sif,mukyfonf þae&mwGif or®mw&m;rSvrf;vGJoGm;aom ]]nD
tpfukd}} wpfa,muftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaejcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg
(i,f 19ukdMunfhyg)/ þae&müajymjyxm;aom nDtpfukdrSm vrf;rvGJcif
üor®mw&m;ukdodcJhí? xkdor®mw&m;ü &SifoefcJhaom ,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufjzpfrnf[k uREkffyfwkdY,kHMunf&onf/
þyk*¾dKvftm;aojcif;rS u,fwifay;jcif;jzpfonf[k qkd&mwGif
rnfonfhaojcif;jzpfoenf;/ 1 aum 11;28-30 wGif&Sifaygvku yGJawmf
r*Fvmukd rxkdfuwefbJ pm;aomufaomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymxm;
onf/
]]okdYjzpfívlwkdif; ukd,fukdukd,fppfaMumNyD;rS? rkefYukdpm;ap/ xkdenf;
wlcGufukdvnff;aomufap/ taMumif;rlum; rxkdufwefbJ
pm;aomufaoolonf ocifbk&m;\ ukd,fawmfukdykdif;jcm;í
odaomaMumihf rdrday:okdYtjypfa&mufapjcif;iSg pm;aomufaom
oljzpf\/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh oifwkdYwGif tm;enf;aomol?
rusef;rmaomol&SdMu\/ aoaomoltrsm;vnf;&Sd\/}}
rdrdwdkY\ tjypf'kp½kdufukd OD;pGmukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;r&SdbJ? ocif
bk&m;\yGJawmfukdyg0ifpm;okH;MuaomaMumihf zsm;emaomolrsm;ESihfaoqkH;
oGm;aomolrsm; aum&dE
oKNrdKUü&SdMuaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk,kHMunfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;tjypf'kp½kdufüykdí epfrGef;roGm;atmifumuG,f
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyifbk&m;ocifonf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;u jyKvkyfzefwD;
rnfh 'kp½kduftarSmifhrS toif;awmfudkumuG,fay;cJhygonf/
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;160 161
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pkdufrIukd jyefvn&,l&ef zsm;emjcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtouf
wm&Sdzsm;emjcif;tm;vkH;onf tjypf'kp½kdufaMumihftNrJr[kwfaMumif;ukd
em;vnfxm;Mu&rnf/ xkdtwGufaMumifhyif &Sif,mukyfu ]]vQif}} (if)
[laompum;vkH;ukd þtcef;i,fü okH;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 16
wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd wpf
a,mufESihfwpfa,muf az:jyawmif;yefMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ xkdokdY
tm;jzihfolwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&müvnf;aumif;? ½kyfcE¨müvnf;aumif;
tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;ukd &&SdcJhMurnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif&Sif,mukyfu ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;ajzmihfrwf
aomolwpfa,muf\ qkawmif;jcif;onf tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdonf[k
today;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ukdaMumufaom oif;tkyfrsm;\jyif;jyaom
qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf zsm;emjcif;rSm aysmufuif;oGm;cJhEkdifonf/ qkawmif;
jcif;\wefckd;ukd OyrmokH;í &Sif;jy&ef &Sif,mukyfurdrd\pmzwfy&dowf
wkdYtm; {vd,\taMumif;ukd today;cJhygonf (i,f 17)/ {vd,onf
omrefyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf;? rkd;r&GmzdkYolqkawmif;aomtcg bk&m;
ocifuolY&JUqkawmif;oHukd em;anmif;cJhonf/ okH;ESpfcGJrkd;r&GmcJhyg/
aemufykdif;wGif {vd,wpfzefqkawmif;aomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
xkdt&yfü rkd;ukd&GmapcJhonf/ {vd,\qkawmif;oHrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;
üjyKvkyfaom omrefqkawmif;oHwpfck\ wefckd;ukdjyoaom
Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 19-20 wGif &Sif,mukyfu rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolwkdY
tm; nDtpfukdwpfa,mufonf or®mw&m;vrf;rSvGJoGm;aomtcg wpfpkH
wpfa,mufonf xkdnDtpfukdtm; vrf;rSefokdYjyefac:EkdifvQif xkdolonf
vrf;vTJaeaomolukd aojcif;rSu,fwifvkdufjcif;jzpfonf[k today;cJh
onf/ &Sif,mukyfonf þae&mwGif or®mw&m;rSvrf;vGJoGm;aom ]]nD
tpfukd}} wpfa,muftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaejcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg
(i,f 19ukdMunfhyg)/ þae&müajymjyxm;aom nDtpfukdrSm vrf;rvGJcif
üor®mw&m;ukdodcJhí? xkdor®mw&m;ü &SifoefcJhaom ,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufjzpfrnf[k uREkffyfwkdY,kHMunf&onf/
þyk*¾dKvftm;aojcif;rS u,fwifay;jcif;jzpfonf[k qkd&mwGif
rnfonfhaojcif;jzpfoenf;/ 1 aum 11;28-30 wGif&Sifaygvku yGJawmf
r*Fvmukd rxkdfuwefbJ pm;aomufaomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymxm;
onf/
]]okdYjzpfívlwkdif; ukd,fukdukd,fppfaMumNyD;rS? rkefYukdpm;ap/ xkdenf;
wlcGufukdvnff;aomufap/ taMumif;rlum; rxkdufwefbJ
pm;aomufaoolonf ocifbk&m;\ ukd,fawmfukdykdif;jcm;í
odaomaMumihf rdrday:okdYtjypfa&mufapjcif;iSg pm;aomufaom
oljzpf\/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh oifwkdYwGif tm;enf;aomol?
rusef;rmaomol&SdMu\/ aoaomoltrsm;vnf;&Sd\/}}
rdrdwdkY\ tjypf'kp½kdufukd OD;pGmukdifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;r&SdbJ? ocif
bk&m;\yGJawmfukdyg0ifpm;okH;MuaomaMumihf zsm;emaomolrsm;ESihfaoqkH;
oGm;aomolrsm; aum&dE
oKNrdKUü&SdMuaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk,kHMunfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;tjypf'kp½kdufüykdí epfrGef;roGm;atmifumuG,f
ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyifbk&m;ocifonf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;u jyKvkyfzefwD;
rnfh 'kp½kduftarSmifhrS toif;awmfudkumuG,fay;cJhygonf/
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;160 161
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vrf;vGJolrsm;ukd jyefaumif;apjcif;jzihf xkdolwkdYtm;bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifjcif;atmuf&Sd apmvsifpGmaojcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYu,fwifay;Ekdif
cJh½kHomr[kwf? xkdolwkdYukd tjypfrsm;pGmusL;vGefjcif;rSvnf;umuG,f
ay;&ma&mufonf/ vrf;vGJoGm;aomolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\trIukd
rsm;pGmxdckdufepfemapEkdifMuonf/ tjypfusL;vGefaeaom ,kHMunfolukd
vufurf;ulnDí vrf;rSefokdYykdYaqmifay;jcif;jzifh olwkdY\'kp½dkufvrf;ü
qufvufusifvnfjcif;rS olwkdYukd[efYwm;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYtjyifvlajrmuf
rsm;pGmukd olwkdY\raumif;aomykHOyrmtm; twk,lvkdufavQmufjcif;rS
uREkfyfwkdYu,fwifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd aqmif
,lvmEkdifaom acgif;rmwwfonfhtpGrf; uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;wGif&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkYukdjyefvnfqGJ,lzkdY zsm;emjcif;ukdtokH;jyKaumif;
jyKygvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwdkYukdvrf;vGJaejcif;rS r&yfwefY
EkdifvQif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkY\toufukdyif EIwf,laumif;EIwf,l
oGm;ygrnf/ þonfrSmtvGefav;eufrI&Sdaomt,ltqjzpfNyD;uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf avsmhwGufrxm;oifhaomt&mwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ þonfrSm
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wdkYü,kHMunfjcif;&Sdygonf[k EIwftm;jzihfom r0efcH
bJ xkd,kHMunfjcif;ukd vufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef pdefac:xm;onf Mo0g'
pm\xda&mufrI&SdvSaom ed*kH;csKyfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þpdef
ac:csufukdtav;teufxm;í ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftay:üxm;&Sdaom
uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd vufawGUoufaojyo&ef bk&m;udkaMumuf
aom tjyKtrlrsm;ukd BudK;pm;tm;xkwfEkdifrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukd cGihfjyKygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
jyóemwpfckcktwGuf qkawmif;zdkY arhavQmhcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;
&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ þtaMumif;t&mESihfywfoufí &Sif,mukyfu
rnfodkYajymxm;ygoenf;/
tjypf'kp½kdufESifhzsm;emjcif;wdkY qufpyfaeykHukd &Sif,mukyfurnf
okdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ zsm;emjcif;tm;vkH;onf tjypf'kp½kduf
aMumifhjzpf&ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifxHü csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd oDqkd&efwnf;[laom ,kHMunfol
wkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;ESihf ywfoufí&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYoGefoifxm;oenf;/ 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ü *Dw\tcef;
u@ESihfywfoufí þtcsufurnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;yg
oenf;/
toif;awmfrS ,kHMunfolwpfa,muf zsm;emaomtcgwGif oif;
tkyf\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
t&mcyfodrf;ukd txHawmfüqufuyftyfESHzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;onf oihfukdaeY
pOfaeYwkdif;vrf;jyOD;aqmifay;vkdaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;
rGrf;yg/
txHawmfyg;okdY oifhukdqGJ,l&efrnfonfht&mukdrqkdvkyfzdkY tqif
oihfjzpfaeonftxd oihfukdcspfawmfrlaomaMumifh ocifbk&m;
ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;162 163
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vrf;vGJolrsm;ukd jyefaumif;apjcif;jzihf xkdolwkdYtm;bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifjcif;atmuf&Sd apmvsifpGmaojcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYu,fwifay;Ekdif
cJh½kHomr[kwf? xkdolwkdYukd tjypfrsm;pGmusL;vGefjcif;rSvnf;umuG,f
ay;&ma&mufonf/ vrf;vGJoGm;aomolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\trIukd
rsm;pGmxdckdufepfemapEkdifMuonf/ tjypfusL;vGefaeaom ,kHMunfolukd
vufurf;ulnDí vrf;rSefokdYykdYaqmifay;jcif;jzifh olwkdY\'kp½dkufvrf;ü
qufvufusifvnfjcif;rS olwkdYukd[efYwm;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYtjyifvlajrmuf
rsm;pGmukd olwkdY\raumif;aomykHOyrmtm; twk,lvkdufavQmufjcif;rS
uREkfyfwkdYu,fwifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd aqmif
,lvmEkdifaom acgif;rmwwfonfhtpGrf; uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;wGif&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkYukdjyefvnfqGJ,lzkdY zsm;emjcif;ukdtokH;jyKaumif;
jyKygvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwdkYukdvrf;vGJaejcif;rS r&yfwefY
EkdifvQif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwdkY\toufukdyif EIwf,laumif;EIwf,l
oGm;ygrnf/ þonfrSmtvGefav;eufrI&Sdaomt,ltqjzpfNyD;uREkfyfwkdY
taejzihf avsmhwGufrxm;oifhaomt&mwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ þonfrSm
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wdkYü,kHMunfjcif;&Sdygonf[k EIwftm;jzihfom r0efcH
bJ xkd,kHMunfjcif;ukd vufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef pdefac:xm;onf Mo0g'
pm\xda&mufrI&SdvSaom ed*kH;csKyfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þpdef
ac:csufukdtav;teufxm;í ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftay:üxm;&Sdaom
uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd vufawGUoufaojyo&ef bk&m;udkaMumuf
aom tjyKtrlrsm;ukd BudK;pm;tm;xkwfEkdifrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukd cGihfjyKygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
jyóemwpfckcktwGuf qkawmif;zdkY arhavQmhcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;
&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ þtaMumif;t&mESihfywfoufí &Sif,mukyfu
rnfodkYajymxm;ygoenf;/
tjypf'kp½kdufESifhzsm;emjcif;wdkY qufpyfaeykHukd &Sif,mukyfurnf
okdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ zsm;emjcif;tm;vkH;onf tjypf'kp½kduf
aMumifhjzpf&ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifxHü csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd oDqkd&efwnf;[laom ,kHMunfol
wkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;ESihf ywfoufí&Sif,mukyfu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYoGefoifxm;oenf;/ 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ü *Dw\tcef;
u@ESihfywfoufí þtcsufurnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;yg
oenf;/
toif;awmfrS ,kHMunfolwpfa,muf zsm;emaomtcgwGif oif;
tkyf\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
t&mcyfodrf;ukd txHawmfüqufuyftyfESHzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;onf oihfukdaeY
pOfaeYwkdif;vrf;jyOD;aqmifay;vkdaeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;
rGrf;yg/
txHawmfyg;okdY oifhukdqGJ,l&efrnfonfht&mukdrqkdvkyfzdkY tqif
oihfjzpfaeonftxd oihfukdcspfawmfrlaomaMumifh ocifbk&m;
ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ed*kH;csKyfwkdufwGef;csufrsm;162 163
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd a&;om;jyKpkolrSm &Sdrkef[k
trnfwGifaomoljzpfonf/ zcifjzpfol\trnfrSm a,me jzpfonf[l
aomtcsufrSwpfyg; &Sdrkef\zciftaMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/
&SdrkefukdnDjzpfol ta`E´uocifa,½IxHokdY ac:aqmifrdwfqufay;cJhonf
(a,m[ef 1;40-42)/ olonftdrfaxmifonfwpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf;
olY&JUZeD;onftaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrod&yg/ olonf uay&aemifNrdKUwGif
tdrf&SdNyD; xkdtdrfwGifa,mu©rjzpfolaexkdifcJhonf[k ,lq&onf (rmuk
1;29-30)/ olonf toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tvkyftjzpfwHigonfwpfOD;
jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Iu olYukdwynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzdkY qifhac:cJhNyD; olY&JU
emrnfukd &SdrkefrS ]]ausmuf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&aom ]]ayw½k}} tjzpfajymif;vJ
cJhonf (a,m[ef 1;41)/ xkdtcsdefrSpí olYukdayw½k [kodcJhMuNyD;? olonf
ocifa,½IESihftvGefaumif;rGefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIwpfckukd &&SdcJhonf/
olESihftwl ,mukyf? a,m[efwkdYukdocifa,½IteD;tyg;ü tNrJvkdvkd
awGU&onf/
or®musrf;pmu &Sifayw½kukd &J&ifhjywfom;ípdwfvkdufrmefvkduf
oihftoufwmrS bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd pOf;pm;
okH;oyfMunfhyg/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGr;f&ef tcsdef,lyg/
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; oDcsif;wpfyk'fukd oifhtm;ay;oem;zkdY
bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
164
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd a&;om;jyKpkolrSm &Sdrkef[k
trnfwGifaomoljzpfonf/ zcifjzpfol\trnfrSm a,me jzpfonf[l
aomtcsufrSwpfyg; &Sdrkef\zciftaMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/
&SdrkefukdnDjzpfol ta`E´uocifa,½IxHokdY ac:aqmifrdwfqufay;cJhonf
(a,m[ef 1;40-42)/ olonftdrfaxmifonfwpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf;
olY&JUZeD;onftaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrod&yg/ olonf uay&aemifNrdKUwGif
tdrf&SdNyD; xkdtdrfwGifa,mu©rjzpfolaexkdifcJhonf[k ,lq&onf (rmuk
1;29-30)/ olonf toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tvkyftjzpfwHigonfwpfOD;
jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Iu olYukdwynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzdkY qifhac:cJhNyD; olY&JU
emrnfukd &SdrkefrS ]]ausmuf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&aom ]]ayw½k}} tjzpfajymif;vJ
cJhonf (a,m[ef 1;41)/ xkdtcsdefrSpí olYukdayw½k [kodcJhMuNyD;? olonf
ocifa,½IESihftvGefaumif;rGefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIwpfckukd &&SdcJhonf/
olESihftwl ,mukyf? a,m[efwkdYukdocifa,½IteD;tyg;ü tNrJvkdvkd
awGU&onf/
or®musrf;pmu &Sifayw½kukd &J&ifhjywfom;ípdwfvkdufrmefvkduf
oihftoufwmrS bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd pOf;pm;
okH;oyfMunfhyg/ þaumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGr;f&ef tcsdef,lyg/
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; oDcsif;wpfyk'fukd oifhtm;ay;oem;zkdY
bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
164
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihf jyKvkyfwwfaom? udk,fhukd,fukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrIS&SdaomolwpfOD;tae
jzihf azmfusL;xm;onf (rmuk 14;31 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½IukdoloduRrf;
cJhygonf[laomtcsufukd okH;Budrfwkdifwkdifjiif;y,fcJhcsdefwGif rmefpG,fcsKd;
cHcJh&onf/ aemufykdif;wGif olonfwrefawmf0wåKxJwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU
teD;w0kduf&Sd a'orsm;rS ,kHMunfolrsm;xHü t"duomoemjyKjcif;jzihf
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf tBuD;tus,ftokH;cHcJh&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;cH&
aomaMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfokdY ysHUvGihfoGm;cJhMuaom ,kHMunfol,k'
vlrsKd;rsm;xHü vdyfrla&;om;cJhonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfcsufrsm;ü ckdifcHhMuzkdY
cGeftm;ay;&efESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©tv,fü tmrcHcsufwpfckukdolwkdYtm;
ay;&ef þpmapmifukd a&;om;cJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf olwkdY\arQmfvifh
csufESihfolwkdY\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIjzpfaMumif;ukd ñTefjyay;cJhNyD;? ocifc&pf
awmfukd trSefwu,fcspfaomolrsm;ukd opömw&m;ESihfwuG tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdY
tm; ocifbk&m;ü&Sdaeonfh 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&mrsm;jzpfonfh oefY&Sif;
aomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;? rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfya&m[dwftrsKd;jzpfjcif;?
bk&m;ocifykdifqkdifaomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;t&mrsm;ukd jyefvnftoday;xm;
onf(2;9)/ &Sifayw½kuolwdkYukd bk&m;ocif\tapcHrs;mjzpfMuonfht
avsmuf tjypf'kp½kdufukda&SmifMuOfí olwkdYukdOD;aqmifaeaomolrsm;tae
jzihf xdef;csKyfrIwif;usyfí &ufpufMurf;wrf;Muaomtcsdefrsm;üyif
xkdacgif;aqmifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuzkdYqifhac:xm;onf/ olonfuRefrsm;?
cifyGef;onfrsm;? ZeD;onfrsm;ESihf toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd tvGef
vufawGUusaom tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ukday;cJhNyD;? bk&m;ocif\vufatmufü
ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsí(5;6)? pkd;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ukd,fawmfh
xHütyfESHxm; MuzkdYolwdkYukd wkdufwGef;tm;ay;xm;onf (5;7)/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
&Sifayw½kwu ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif þavmuü n§if;yef;ESdyf
pufjcif;ESihf tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifMu&ayvdrfhrnfjzpf
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þpmapmifwGif
&Sifayw½ku cufcJ½kef;uefae&olrsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfukd ñTefjyay;
jcif;tm;jzihf arQmfvifhcsufukday;urf;xm;onf/ &Sifayw½ku tcuftcJ
&ifqkdifae&olrsm;ukd BuHUckdifoefrmí? opöm&Sdum? emcHjcif;üavQmufvSrf;
zdkY&eftwGuf 4if;wdkY\qufuyftyfESHrIrsm;ü at;&mat;aMumif;? tqif
ajy&majyaMumif;ukd b,faomtcgrQ rjyKvkyfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;onf/
wrefawmfBuD;u uREkfyfwkdYtm;ocifa,½I\ emrawmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©
a&muf&jcif;onf tcGihfxl;wpfckjzpfí *kPf,lp&mt&mwpfckvnf;jzpf
aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þuJhokdYaomcufcJonfhtcsdef
umvrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\pkd;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ukd,fawmhfxHü
tyfESHí ukd,fawmf&Sif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd ,kHMunfMuzdkY qifhac:xm;
onf/ cufcJusyfwnf;aomtcsdefumvrsm;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;umvrsm;
twGuf rGefjrwfaomtBuHjyKcsufrsm;ESihf ESpfodrfhrIrsm;ukd &Sifayw½kMo0g'
pmyxrapmifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;ygonf/
166 167
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihf jyKvkyfwwfaom? udk,fhukd,fukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrIS&SdaomolwpfOD;tae
jzihf azmfusL;xm;onf (rmuk 14;31 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½IukdoloduRrf;
cJhygonf[laomtcsufukd okH;Budrfwkdifwkdifjiif;y,fcJhcsdefwGif rmefpG,fcsKd;
cHcJh&onf/ aemufykdif;wGif olonfwrefawmf0wåKxJwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU
teD;w0kduf&Sd a'orsm;rS ,kHMunfolrsm;xHü t"duomoemjyKjcif;jzihf
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf tBuD;tus,ftokH;cHcJh&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;cH&
aomaMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfokdY ysHUvGihfoGm;cJhMuaom ,kHMunfol,k'
vlrsKd;rsm;xHü vdyfrla&;om;cJhonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfcsufrsm;ü ckdifcHhMuzkdY
cGeftm;ay;&efESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©tv,fü tmrcHcsufwpfckukdolwkdYtm;
ay;&ef þpmapmifukd a&;om;cJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf olwkdY\arQmfvifh
csufESihfolwkdY\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIjzpfaMumif;ukd ñTefjyay;cJhNyD;? ocifc&pf
awmfukd trSefwu,fcspfaomolrsm;ukd opömw&m;ESihfwuG tqkH;wkdif
wnfMunfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdY
tm; ocifbk&m;ü&Sdaeonfh 4if;wkdY\t½kduft&mrsm;jzpfonfh oefY&Sif;
aomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;? rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfya&m[dwftrsKd;jzpfjcif;?
bk&m;ocifykdifqkdifaomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;t&mrsm;ukd jyefvnftoday;xm;
onf(2;9)/ &Sifayw½kuolwdkYukd bk&m;ocif\tapcHrs;mjzpfMuonfht
avsmuf tjypf'kp½kdufukda&SmifMuOfí olwkdYukdOD;aqmifaeaomolrsm;tae
jzihf xdef;csKyfrIwif;usyfí &ufpufMurf;wrf;Muaomtcsdefrsm;üyif
xkdacgif;aqmifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuzkdYqifhac:xm;onf/ olonfuRefrsm;?
cifyGef;onfrsm;? ZeD;onfrsm;ESihf toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd tvGef
vufawGUusaom tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ukday;cJhNyD;? bk&m;ocif\vufatmufü
ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsí(5;6)? pkd;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ukd,fawmfh
xHütyfESHxm; MuzkdYolwdkYukd wkdufwGef;tm;ay;xm;onf (5;7)/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifta&;ygykH
&Sifayw½kwu ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif þavmuü n§if;yef;ESdyf
pufjcif;ESihf tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifMu&ayvdrfhrnfjzpf
aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þpmapmifwGif
&Sifayw½ku cufcJ½kef;uefae&olrsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfukd ñTefjyay;
jcif;tm;jzihf arQmfvifhcsufukday;urf;xm;onf/ &Sifayw½ku tcuftcJ
&ifqkdifae&olrsm;ukd BuHUckdifoefrmí? opöm&Sdum? emcHjcif;üavQmufvSrf;
zdkY&eftwGuf 4if;wdkY\qufuyftyfESHrIrsm;ü at;&mat;aMumif;? tqif
ajy&majyaMumif;ukd b,faomtcgrQ rjyKvkyfMuzkdY qifhac:xm;onf/
wrefawmfBuD;u uREkfyfwkdYtm;ocifa,½I\ emrawmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©
a&muf&jcif;onf tcGihfxl;wpfckjzpfí *kPf,lp&mt&mwpfckvnf;jzpf
aMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þuJhokdYaomcufcJonfhtcsdef
umvrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\pkd;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ukd,fawmhfxHü
tyfESHí ukd,fawmf&Sif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd ,kHMunfMuzdkY qifhac:xm;
onf/ cufcJusyfwnf;aomtcsdefumvrsm;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;umvrsm;
twGuf rGefjrwfaomtBuHjyKcsufrsm;ESihf ESpfodrfhrIrsm;ukd &Sifayw½kMo0g'
pmyxrapmifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;ygonf/
166 167
1919
1919
19
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuftouf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuftouf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
1 ay 1;1-9 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wrefawmfayw½konf ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf rdrdwkdY\touf
wmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&aomolrsm;xHokdY pma&;íykdY
vkdufonf/ ocifa,½Ic&pfü olwkdYvufcH&&Sdxm;cJhMuonfh arQmfvifhcsuf
ukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&ef &Sifayw½k&SmBuHBudK;pm;cJhonf/ olonf,kHMunf
olrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;\aus;Zl;awmfü ckdifcHhNrJNrHMuí &efvkdwwfaom
þavmuBuD;ü qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdcHpm;ae&onfh {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;t
jzpfESihf rSefuefaompdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;ESihftwl tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfMu
zkdYtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku ukd,fukd,fukd ocifa,½Ic&pf\wrefawmfwpfyg;
tjzpfrdwfqufxm;onf/ þtcsif;t&monf &Sifayw½ktm;,kHMunf
vufcHEkdifzG,ftajctaeukd tckdiftrmoufaoxlxm;onf/ wrefawmf
wpfyg;jzpfonfhtavsmuf? olonfbk&m;ocif\ qifhac:jcif;ukdcHxm;&
NyD;? toif;awmfrsm;xJü ocifc&pfawmfukd,fpm; tvkyftauR;jyKtrI
awmfaqmif&ef wm0efay;jcif;ukd cHxm;&ygonf/ &Sifayw½kuolY&JU
pmzwfy&dowfrsm;xHü ajymqkd&rnfht&mrsm;onf &Sifayw½k\ t½kduf
t&maMumifhomta&;ygMuonfr[kwf? olonfocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,f
1919
1919
19
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuftouf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuftouf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
1 ay 1;1-9 ukdzwf½Iyg/
wrefawmfayw½konf ,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf rdrdwkdY\touf
wmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&aomolrsm;xHokdY pma&;íykdY
vkdufonf/ ocifa,½Ic&pfü olwkdYvufcH&&Sdxm;cJhMuonfh arQmfvifhcsuf
ukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&ef &Sifayw½k&SmBuHBudK;pm;cJhonf/ olonf,kHMunf
olrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;\aus;Zl;awmfü ckdifcHhNrJNrHMuí &efvkdwwfaom
þavmuBuD;ü qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdcHpm;ae&onfh {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;t
jzpfESihf rSefuefaompdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;ESihftwl tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfMu
zkdYtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku ukd,fukd,fukd ocifa,½Ic&pf\wrefawmfwpfyg;
tjzpfrdwfqufxm;onf/ þtcsif;t&monf &Sifayw½ktm;,kHMunf
vufcHEkdifzG,ftajctaeukd tckdiftrmoufaoxlxm;onf/ wrefawmf
wpfyg;jzpfonfhtavsmuf? olonfbk&m;ocif\ qifhac:jcif;ukdcHxm;&
NyD;? toif;awmfrsm;xJü ocifc&pfawmfukd,fpm; tvkyftauR;jyKtrI
awmfaqmif&ef wm0efay;jcif;ukd cHxm;&ygonf/ &Sifayw½kuolY&JU
pmzwfy&dowfrsm;xHü ajymqkd&rnfht&mrsm;onf &Sifayw½k\ t½kduf
t&maMumifhomta&;ygMuonfr[kwf? olonfocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,f
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pm;ajymqkdaeaomaMumifhvnfta&;ygaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½konftoufwmü tcsdefwkdif;tNrJwrf;opömr&SdcJhEkdif
aomfvnf; olonfbk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fxm;aom wefqmyvmwpfckjzpf
cJhonf/ &Sifayw½k\tapmykdif; toufwmwGifoltrSefwu,f ausm
axmufaemufcHrvkyfay;Ekdifonfh &J&ifhjywfom;aom xkwfazmfajymMum;
rIrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYawGU&onf/ ocifa,½Iudkb,faom
tcgwGifrQ pGefYypfoGm;rnfr[kwfaMumif; uwday;NyD;aemufwGif okH;Budrf
wkdifwkdifukd,fawmhfukd jiif;y,fcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ,kHMunfjcif;ü NydK
vJí bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;
twGuf om"uwpfckjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iukd oljiif;y,fcJhonfhtjzpf
ukdolb,fawmhrQ arhaysmufEkdifcJhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;? þt&Sufw&m;
uolYukd ukd,fawmf\emrawmfü trIawmfaqmifjcif;rS wm;qD;rnfhtjzpf
ukd olcGihfrjyKcJhyg/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\ tjypfvTwfjcif;w&m;ukd od&Sd
em;vnfcJhNyD;? xkdt&mü &SifoefavQmufvSrf;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf;
olYukdrpGefYypfcJhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf &Sifayw½k\toufwmtwGuf
&nf&G,fcsufwpfck&SdvQufaeygonf/ ,aeYwGifoifonf þt&mukd
zwf½IaeNyD;? &Sifayw½kESihftjzpfcsif;wlaeaMumif;ukd awGUaumif;
awGUaeygvdrfhrnf/ oifonfbk&m;ocifESihftwl avQmufvSrf;jcif;ü us½IH;
aumif;us½IH;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ aemifw&í ukd,fawmfhtwGuf trIawmf
aqmifjcif;ukd qufvufvkyfaqmifyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmapmifukd bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrl
aomolrsm;tm; vdyfrlcJhonf/ *&dpum;vkH;wGif ]]pdppfa&G;aumufjcif;cH&
olrsm;}} [kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
vkdvm;ay;aom bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cH&íbk&m;ocifvkdufzrf;
jcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½k\ ajymqkd
xm;csuft& olwkdYonf þavmuBuD;ü{nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;jzpfMuonf/
þavmuBuD;onf olwkdY\tdrfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdY twGuf
aetdrfukd aumif;uifbkHwGifjyifqifxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü
vnf; þem;vnfoabmaygufrIESihftwl &SifoefMu&efrSm ta&;BuD;yg
onf/ þavmuBuD;twGuf &Sifoefaexkdif&efrSm uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvGef
vG,fulygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYüukd,fykdiftBuHtpnf;rsm;ESihf ukd,fykdiftpDtpOf
rsm;&SdMuonf/ þtoufwmü uREkfyfwkdYNyD;ajrmufatmifvkyfcsifonfh
t&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þurÇmBuD;ü {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;jzpf
Muonf[laom trSefw&m;ü vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY &Sifayw½k\pum;
vkH;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd pdefac:aeygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuBuD;ü0dnmOfa&;&m {nfhonfhtm*EÅKrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\c&pf,mef&SifoefaexkdifykHESihf awG;
ac:BuHqykHwkdYonf þavmuBuD;rS a&mufvmaomt&mrsm;r[kwfaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;cHxm;&aom uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf
\pdwfESvkH;ukd &Sdxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olY&JUom;orD;rsm;jzpfMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJrS avmuDpdwfoabmxm;rsm;onf wpfaeYNyD;wpf
aeY jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\OD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;rSmvnf;
ajymif;vJoGm;Mu&onf/ avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd em;rvnfMuyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ enf;vrf;rsm;onf olwkdYESihfuGJjym;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\arQmf
vifhcsufrsm;onf atmuft&yfrSt&mrsm;tay:ür[kwf? bk&m;ocif
uwday;xm;aom txuft&yfrSt&mrsm;tay:üjzpfonf/ þavmu
170 171
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pm;ajymqkdaeaomaMumifhvnfta&;ygaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½konftoufwmü tcsdefwkdif;tNrJwrf;opömr&SdcJhEkdif
aomfvnf; olonfbk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fxm;aom wefqmyvmwpfckjzpf
cJhonf/ &Sifayw½k\tapmykdif; toufwmwGifoltrSefwu,f ausm
axmufaemufcHrvkyfay;Ekdifonfh &J&ifhjywfom;aom xkwfazmfajymMum;
rIrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYawGU&onf/ ocifa,½Iudkb,faom
tcgwGifrQ pGefYypfoGm;rnfr[kwfaMumif; uwday;NyD;aemufwGif okH;Budrf
wkdifwkdifukd,fawmhfukd jiif;y,fcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ,kHMunfjcif;ü NydK
vJí bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;
twGuf om"uwpfckjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iukd oljiif;y,fcJhonfhtjzpf
ukdolb,fawmhrQ arhaysmufEkdifcJhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;? þt&Sufw&m;
uolYukd ukd,fawmf\emrawmfü trIawmfaqmifjcif;rS wm;qD;rnfhtjzpf
ukd olcGihfrjyKcJhyg/ olonfocifc&pfawmf\ tjypfvTwfjcif;w&m;ukd od&Sd
em;vnfcJhNyD;? xkdt&mü &SifoefavQmufvSrf;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf;
olYukdrpGefYypfcJhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf &Sifayw½k\toufwmtwGuf
&nf&G,fcsufwpfck&SdvQufaeygonf/ ,aeYwGifoifonf þt&mukd
zwf½IaeNyD;? &Sifayw½kESihftjzpfcsif;wlaeaMumif;ukd awGUaumif;
awGUaeygvdrfhrnf/ oifonfbk&m;ocifESihftwl avQmufvSrf;jcif;ü us½IH;
aumif;us½IH;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ aemifw&í ukd,fawmfhtwGuf trIawmf
aqmifjcif;ukd qufvufvkyfaqmifyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmapmifukd bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrl
aomolrsm;tm; vdyfrlcJhonf/ *&dpum;vkH;wGif ]]pdppfa&G;aumufjcif;cH&
olrsm;}} [kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
vkdvm;ay;aom bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukd cH&íbk&m;ocifvkdufzrf;
jcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½k\ ajymqkd
xm;csuft& olwkdYonf þavmuBuD;ü{nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;jzpfMuonf/
þavmuBuD;onf olwkdY\tdrfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdY twGuf
aetdrfukd aumif;uifbkHwGifjyifqifxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü
vnf; þem;vnfoabmaygufrIESihftwl &SifoefMu&efrSm ta&;BuD;yg
onf/ þavmuBuD;twGuf &Sifoefaexkdif&efrSm uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvGef
vG,fulygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYüukd,fykdiftBuHtpnf;rsm;ESihf ukd,fykdiftpDtpOf
rsm;&SdMuonf/ þtoufwmü uREkfyfwkdYNyD;ajrmufatmifvkyfcsifonfh
t&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þurÇmBuD;ü {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;jzpf
Muonf[laom trSefw&m;ü vufawGU&SifoefMuzdkY &Sifayw½k\pum;
vkH;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd pdefac:aeygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuBuD;ü0dnmOfa&;&m {nfhonfhtm*EÅKrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdY\c&pf,mef&SifoefaexkdifykHESihf awG;
ac:BuHqykHwkdYonf þavmuBuD;rS a&mufvmaomt&mrsm;r[kwfaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;cHxm;&aom uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf
\pdwfESvkH;ukd &Sdxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olY&JUom;orD;rsm;jzpfMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txJrS avmuDpdwfoabmxm;rsm;onf wpfaeYNyD;wpf
aeY jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\OD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;rSmvnf;
ajymif;vJoGm;Mu&onf/ avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd em;rvnfMuyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ enf;vrf;rsm;onf olwkdYESihfuGJjym;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\arQmf
vifhcsufrsm;onf atmuft&yfrSt&mrsm;tay:ür[kwf? bk&m;ocif
uwday;xm;aom txuft&yfrSt&mrsm;tay:üjzpfonf/ þavmu
170 171
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrSDwG,frxm;Muyg/ taMumif;rSm 4if;wkdY
onf cPwmrQomwnfwHhí ukefvGefuG,faysmufoGm;MuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tarGESihf&wemrSm aumif;uifbkHwGif&Sdonf/
&Sifayw½kvdyfrla&;om;aeaomolrsm;onf ae&ma'otoD;oD;
qDodkYuGJvGihfysHUESHYaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf ykEÅKjynf? *vmwdjynf? uyÜa':
udjynf? tm&Sdjynf? AdokedjynfwkdYwGif aexkdifaeMuonf/ þpmapmifukd
a&mrtkyfcsKyfrIatmuf&Sd þjynfrsm;ü&Sdaom toif;awmfrsm;wGif
vufqifhurf;vSnfhywfí zwf½IcJh&ygvdrfhrnf/ þa'orsm;onf ,aeYwGif
wl&uDEkdifiHjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmapmifukdus,fus,fjyefYjyef
vSnfhywfjzefYa0ízwf&IMuzdkY arQmfvifhcJhonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf ywfoufítcef;i,f 2 \ajymjyxm;csuf
ukdowdjyKyg/ yxrtaejzihf þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tem
*wfÓPfawmftm;twkdif; a&G;aumufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/
trSefqkd&vQif uREkfyfwdkYtxJrSrnfolurQ ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwdkY\yifukd,f
obm0tm;jzihf ,kHMunfvufcHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdobm0
wGifuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdyif pdwf0ifpm;
jcif;r&Sdyg/ 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;r&SdbJ? uREkfyfwdkYü
u,fwif&SifvkdtyfaerIukdyif od&SdcJhMuonfr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYxJrSwpfa,mufa,muf tjypfrSu,fwifjcif;ukdcH&
awmhrnfqkdvQif bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;uom uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd
txajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd vufurf;u,fwifay;zdkY bk&m;
ocifuomykdif;jzwfowfrSwfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrarG;zGm;rDüyif bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtay:ü&SdaecJhonf/ trd\0rf;xJüuREkfyfwkdY&Sd
pOfüyif bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufwpfckukd xm;xm;NyD;
jzpfonf/ xkd&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdjyifqifrGrf;rH&ef bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;udk pnf;0g;½kdufízefwD;yg
vdrhfrnf/ olonfuREfkyfwkdYvdkufzrf;í rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdY\ qefYusifykefuefvkdaom ESvkH;om;ukdacscGJcJhygvdrfhrnf/
olonfcspfjcif;arwåmü uREkfyfwkdYukdu,fwifjcif;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
ay;oem;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyftoufwmü bk&m;ociftvkyfrvkyf? uREkfyf
ukd u,fwifzkdY vufurf;ray;cJhvQif uREkffyfonfbk&m;ocif\ u,fwif
jcif;ukdcHpm;cJh&rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyf\u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocifü
t<uif;rJh wnfrSDaeygonf/
tzbk&m;onf uREfkyfukdvufurf;u,fwifzkdY a&G;aumufaom
tcg þtrIukdoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vkyfaqmifygonf/ &Sifay
w½kuoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;trIawmf
taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ uREkfyfudk ocifa,½IESihfykdíykdío@mefwl
vmatmif zefwD;&efrSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\trIjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wdkY\tkda[mif;aom Zmwdyuwdpdwfonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
trIawmftm;jzihf ajymif;vJcH&onf/ þonfrSmuREkfyf\toufwmü
rjywfwrf; jzpfysufaeaom bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf/
wpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY uREkffyfrSmocifa,½I\ o@mefawmfü jyKjyifajymif;vJ
jcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
uREfkyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Ic&pfukd emcHjcif;ü&SifoefMurnfht
aMumif;bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukda&G;aumufí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJh
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf172 173
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrSDwG,frxm;Muyg/ taMumif;rSm 4if;wkdY
onf cPwmrQomwnfwHhí ukefvGefuG,faysmufoGm;MuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tarGESihf&wemrSm aumif;uifbkHwGif&Sdonf/
&Sifayw½kvdyfrla&;om;aeaomolrsm;onf ae&ma'otoD;oD;
qDodkYuGJvGihfysHUESHYaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf ykEÅKjynf? *vmwdjynf? uyÜa':
udjynf? tm&Sdjynf? AdokedjynfwkdYwGif aexkdifaeMuonf/ þpmapmifukd
a&mrtkyfcsKyfrIatmuf&Sd þjynfrsm;ü&Sdaom toif;awmfrsm;wGif
vufqifhurf;vSnfhywfí zwf½IcJh&ygvdrfhrnf/ þa'orsm;onf ,aeYwGif
wl&uDEkdifiHjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmapmifukdus,fus,fjyefYjyef
vSnfhywfjzefYa0ízwf&IMuzdkY arQmfvifhcJhonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf ywfoufítcef;i,f 2 \ajymjyxm;csuf
ukdowdjyKyg/ yxrtaejzihf þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tem
*wfÓPfawmftm;twkdif; a&G;aumufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/
trSefqkd&vQif uREkfyfwdkYtxJrSrnfolurQ ocifa,½Iukd rdrdwdkY\yifukd,f
obm0tm;jzihf ,kHMunfvufcHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\yifukdobm0
wGifuREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfpyfqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdyif pdwf0ifpm;
jcif;r&Sdyg/ 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;r&SdbJ? uREkfyfwdkYü
u,fwif&SifvkdtyfaerIukdyif od&SdcJhMuonfr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYxJrSwpfa,mufa,muf tjypfrSu,fwifjcif;ukdcH&
awmhrnfqkdvQif bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;uom uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd
txajrmufjynfhpkHapEkdifonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd vufurf;u,fwifay;zdkY bk&m;
ocifuomykdif;jzwfowfrSwfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrarG;zGm;rDüyif bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtay:ü&SdaecJhonf/ trd\0rf;xJüuREkfyfwkdY&Sd
pOfüyif bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufwpfckukd xm;xm;NyD;
jzpfonf/ xkd&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdjyifqifrGrf;rH&ef bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;udk pnf;0g;½kdufízefwD;yg
vdrhfrnf/ olonfuREfkyfwkdYvdkufzrf;í rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdY\ qefYusifykefuefvkdaom ESvkH;om;ukdacscGJcJhygvdrfhrnf/
olonfcspfjcif;arwåmü uREkfyfwkdYukdu,fwifjcif;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
ay;oem;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyftoufwmü bk&m;ociftvkyfrvkyf? uREkfyf
ukd u,fwifzkdY vufurf;ray;cJhvQif uREkffyfonfbk&m;ocif\ u,fwif
jcif;ukdcHpm;cJh&rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyf\u,fwifjcif;onf bk&m;ocifü
t<uif;rJh wnfrSDaeygonf/
tzbk&m;onf uREfkyfukdvufurf;u,fwifzkdY a&G;aumufaom
tcg þtrIukdoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf vkyfaqmifygonf/ &Sifay
w½kuoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;trIawmf
taMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ uREkfyfudk ocifa,½IESihfykdíykdío@mefwl
vmatmif zefwD;&efrSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\trIjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wdkY\tkda[mif;aom Zmwdyuwdpdwfonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
trIawmftm;jzihf ajymif;vJcH&onf/ þonfrSmuREkfyf\toufwmü
rjywfwrf; jzpfysufaeaom bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf/
wpfaeYNyD;wpfaeY uREkffyfrSmocifa,½I\ o@mefawmfü jyKjyifajymif;vJ
jcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
uREfkyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Ic&pfukd emcHjcif;ü&SifoefMurnfht
aMumif;bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukda&G;aumufí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJh
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf172 173
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
apaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 2 wGifvnf;owdjyKyg/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifa,½I\taoG;yufzsef;cJhjcif;tm;jzihfom jzpfEkdifcJhaMumif;ukdvnf;
owdjyKyg/ ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü taocHcJhjcif;u þt&mrsm;tm;
vkH;ukd jzpfvmEkdifapcJhonf/ ocifa,½ItaocHcJhjcif;ESihf yufzsef;cJhaom
taoG;awmfu uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf tzkd;tcukday;cJhNyD;?
bk&m;ocifESihfqufqH&if;ESD;rIxJokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;cJhonf/ "r®
a[mif;usrf;rS ,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;onf t&mwpfckukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,f
ap&mwGif 4if;t&mtay:üaoG;ukd yufzsef;MuNyD;? jrifhjrwfoefY&Sif;aom
&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;avh&SdMuonf/ þonfrSm ocifa,½I
vkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ taoG;awmfonf uREfkyfwkdYukdtjypfvTwf
ay;jcif;jzihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhNyD;? 4if;taoG;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYudk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;tjzpfESihf bkef;awmftwGufoD;oefYcGJxm;cJhygonf/
&Sifayw½k\ajymqkdxm;csuft& ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;onf u,f
wifjcif;twGuf crnf;awmfbk&m;\ a&G;aumufjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf olwkdYukdvdkufzrf;íu,fwifjcif;ESihfqkdif
aom ocifc&pfawmfukdoduRrf;jcif;xJokdY aqmif,lvmNyD;? ocifa,½IESihf
ykdío@mefwlvmMu&ef olwkdYukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapygonf/ tjypftwGuf
tzkd;tcwpfcktjzpf rdrd\toufukday;qyfjcif;jzifh ocifa,½Ionf
bk&m;ocifESihfvlom;wkdY\Mum;rS uGm[aerIukd csdwfqufay;cJhonf/
þokdYcsdwfqufay;jcif;u txufygtrIrsm;ukd jzpfvmEkdifapcJhygonf/
bk&m;ocif\þvkyf&yfaMumifh ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þavmuü{nfhonf
tm*EÅKrs;jzpfvmMuygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf avmuDom;rsm;ESihf
tusihfpm&dwåt&aomfvnf;aumif;? tem*wfyef;wkdift&aomfvnf;
aumif;uGJjym;jcm;em;Muonf/
tcef;i,f 3wGif &Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\tdrfawmf
xJüuREkfyfwkdYtm; topfaomzGm;jrifjcif;ukd ay;oem;zdkYvufawmfukd
qefYíu,fwifjcif;trI\ BuD;rm;vSaom*½kPmawmftwGuf eufeuf
eJeJaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;xm;ygonf/ *½kPmawmfwpfyg;wnf;u uREkfyfwkdY
ukdbk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; jzpfapcJhonf/ þu,fwifjcif;ESihfuREkfyfwkdY
rxkdufwefyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifh bk&m;ocifESihf&efoljzpfMu
onf/ uREkffyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf pufqkyf&GHU
&SmzG,fjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kkdufESihftwl bk&m;ocifukdqefYusif
ykefuefonfhtcsdefüyif *½kPmawmfonf bk&m;ociftm;uREkfyfwkdYukd
oem;vmzkdYzefwD;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtopfaom arQmf
vihfcsuf? touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsufwpfckukd ay;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifyif
uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdarQmfvifhcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJücHpm;aeMuygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\u,fwif&Sifukd rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGUqkH&rnfh xkdaeYtwGufuREkfyfwkdY
rSm ajymif;vJí jyifqifjcif;ukdcHxm;Muygonf/
uREkfyfwdkY\arQmfvifcsufonf ocifa,½I\aojcif;rS &Sifjyefx
ajrmufjcif;ESihf wkduf½kdufqufEG,faeygonf(i,f 3ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½I
onfaojcif;rS &SifjyefxajrmufawmfrlcJhaomaMumihf uREkfyfwkdYtaeESihf
vnf; &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;twGuf arQmfvifhxm;EkdifMuygonf/ aojcif;
onfuREkfyfwkdY\r[m&efoljzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tjypfESihfaojcif;
wkdYukdatmifEkdifcJhaomaMumifh? xkdocifü uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; aojcif;ukd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf174 175
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
apaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f 2 wGifvnf;owdjyKyg/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifa,½I\taoG;yufzsef;cJhjcif;tm;jzihfom jzpfEkdifcJhaMumif;ukdvnf;
owdjyKyg/ ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü taocHcJhjcif;u þt&mrsm;tm;
vkH;ukd jzpfvmEkdifapcJhonf/ ocifa,½ItaocHcJhjcif;ESihf yufzsef;cJhaom
taoG;awmfu uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf tzkd;tcukday;cJhNyD;?
bk&m;ocifESihfqufqH&if;ESD;rIxJokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;cJhonf/ "r®
a[mif;usrf;rS ,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;onf t&mwpfckukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,f
ap&mwGif 4if;t&mtay:üaoG;ukd yufzsef;MuNyD;? jrifhjrwfoefY&Sif;aom
&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;avh&SdMuonf/ þonfrSm ocifa,½I
vkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ taoG;awmfonf uREfkyfwkdYukdtjypfvTwf
ay;jcif;jzihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhNyD;? 4if;taoG;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYudk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;tjzpfESihf bkef;awmftwGufoD;oefYcGJxm;cJhygonf/
&Sifayw½k\ajymqkdxm;csuft& ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;onf u,f
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aom ocifc&pfawmfukdoduRrf;jcif;xJokdY aqmif,lvmNyD;? ocifa,½IESihf
ykdío@mefwlvmMu&ef olwkdYukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapygonf/ tjypftwGuf
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bk&m;ocifESihfvlom;wkdY\Mum;rS uGm[aerIukd csdwfqufay;cJhonf/
þokdYcsdwfqufay;jcif;u txufygtrIrsm;ukd jzpfvmEkdifapcJhygonf/
bk&m;ocif\þvkyf&yfaMumifh ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þavmuü{nfhonf
tm*EÅKrs;jzpfvmMuygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf avmuDom;rsm;ESihf
tusihfpm&dwåt&aomfvnf;aumif;? tem*wfyef;wkdift&aomfvnf;
aumif;uGJjym;jcm;em;Muonf/
tcef;i,f 3wGif &Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\tdrfawmf
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qefYíu,fwifjcif;trI\ BuD;rm;vSaom*½kPmawmftwGuf eufeuf
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ukdbk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; jzpfapcJhonf/ þu,fwifjcif;ESihfuREkfyfwkdY
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onf/ uREkffyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf pufqkyf&GHU
&SmzG,fjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kkdufESihftwl bk&m;ocifukdqefYusif
ykefuefonfhtcsdefüyif *½kPmawmfonf bk&m;ociftm;uREkfyfwkdYukd
oem;vmzkdYzefwD;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtopfaom arQmf
vihfcsuf? touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsufwpfckukd ay;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifyif
uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdarQmfvifhcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJücHpm;aeMuygonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\u,fwif&Sifukd rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGUqkH&rnfh xkdaeYtwGufuREkfyfwkdY
rSm ajymif;vJí jyifqifjcif;ukdcHxm;Muygonf/
uREkfyfwdkY\arQmfvifcsufonf ocifa,½I\aojcif;rS &Sifjyefx
ajrmufjcif;ESihf wkduf½kdufqufEG,faeygonf(i,f 3ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½I
onfaojcif;rS &SifjyefxajrmufawmfrlcJhaomaMumihf uREkfyfwkdYtaeESihf
vnf; &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;twGuf arQmfvifhxm;EkdifMuygonf/ aojcif;
onfuREkfyfwkdY\r[m&efoljzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tjypfESihfaojcif;
wkdYukdatmifEkdifcJhaomaMumifh? xkdocifü uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; aojcif;ukd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf174 175
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
atmifEkdifMuygonf/ ,m,Doabmomjzpfaom þb0onfcyfodrf;wdkY\
tqHk;owfr[kwfyg/ aojcif;\tjcm;wpfzufwGif b0wpfck&Sdygao;
onf/ xkdxufykdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ taoG;awmftm;
tjypfcGihfvTwfjcif;cHcJhMu&aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf
þavmuüawGUBuHKcHpm;ekdifonfht&mtm;vkH;xuf omvGefaumif;rGef
aom b0wpfckukd*wday;cJhygonf/ tjypfcGifhvTwfjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;ukd
apmifhpm;aeonfh r,kHMunfEkdfifavmufaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd
uREkfyfwdkYpdwful;ESifhyifr,OfMunfhEkdifyg/ &Sifaygvku a[&Sm,tem*wåd
usrf;udkukd;um;í 1aum 2;9wGif þokdYa&;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomolrsm;tzkdYtvdkYiSg? bk&m;ocifjyifqif
awmfrlaomt&mwkdYukd vlrsufpdjzihfrjrif? em;jzihfrMum;? pdwfESvkH;
jzihfrBuHpnfao;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdtarGtjzpfay;xm;aomt&monf
arS;rSdefjcif;? ysufpD;jcif;? aysmufysufjcif;r&SdEkdifyg (i,f 4)/ þavmuü
uREkfyfwkdY BuHKawGUcHpm;&onfht&mtm;vkH;onf tjypf'kp½kduf\qkd;usKd;
atmufwGif&SdaeMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;onf tcsdefESihftrQ
arS;rSdefíaysmufuG,foGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\usef;rma&;ESihf tvS
tyonf wpfaeYwpfcsdefwGif vGihfaysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ þavmu&Sd
rnfonfht&mrQ xm0&rwnfNrJyg/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYt
wGufaumif;uifbkHüodkxm;aomt&mrsm;rSmxdkodkYr[kwfyg/ aumif;uif
bkHwGif rnfonfht&mrQ ysufpD;aysmufuG,fjcif;r&Sdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfxJü tpOfxm0&&SifoefMuygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrS rnfonfh
t&murQ vk,lroGm;Edkifyg/ xkdt&yfwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfvkHNcHK pdwfcsrIukd
t<uif;rJhcHpm; awGUBuHKMuygvdrhfrnf/
þtcsif;t&monf þb0üemusifqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;
ae&aomolrsm;jzpfMuaom uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftb,frQ ESpfodrfhp&mjzpfae
ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usef;rma&;ESihfcGeftm;rsm;onf qkwf,kwfcsnfheJY
oGm;Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYMunfhaeMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYcspfjrwfEkd;&aom
olrsm;aoqkH;oGm;Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifae&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYwefzkd;xm;
aompnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd olckd;rsm;uckd;,lvk,ufMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYMunfh
jrifae&onf/ obm0w&m;BuD;u obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fBuD;rsm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\tkd;tdrfrsm;ESihf wefzkd;&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwdkYxHrS cRwf,l
oGm;aeMuonfudk uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;aeMuygonf/ þb0üxkduJhokdY
aomqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxJrS rnfolurS awGUBuHKzl;bJ&Sdygoenf;/ vlqkd;
olckd;rsm;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rvk,ufEkdifonfhae&m? obm0w&m;BuD;u uREkfyf
wkdY\ykdifqkdifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrScRwf,lroGm;Ekdifonfhae&mjzpfaom
aumif;uifbkH\ jzpfwnfrItrSefukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&jcif;onf tvGefBuD;rm;
aomaumif;BuD; r*Fvmwpfyg;r[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYcspfjrwfEkd;
&aomolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrSaqmif,loGm;rnfhaojcif;w&m;vnf;
xkdt&yfwGif &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf yg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ocif? uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Sif
rsufarSmufawmfwGif t<uif;rJhpdwfcs&rIESihf vkHNcHKrIwkdYjzihf&SifoefMu&
ygvdrhfrnf/
þtarGtm;vkH;ukd aumif;uifbkHwGif uREkfyfwkdYtwGufokdxm;yg
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
176 177
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
atmifEkdifMuygonf/ ,m,Doabmomjzpfaom þb0onfcyfodrf;wdkY\
tqHk;owfr[kwfyg/ aojcif;\tjcm;wpfzufwGif b0wpfck&Sdygao;
onf/ xkdxufykdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ taoG;awmftm;
tjypfcGihfvTwfjcif;cHcJhMu&aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf
þavmuüawGUBuHKcHpm;ekdifonfht&mtm;vkH;xuf omvGefaumif;rGef
aom b0wpfckukd*wday;cJhygonf/ tjypfcGifhvTwfjcif;ukdcH&aomolrsm;ukd
apmifhpm;aeonfh r,kHMunfEkdfifavmufaom aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;ukd
uREkfyfwdkYpdwful;ESifhyifr,OfMunfhEkdifyg/ &Sifaygvku a[&Sm,tem*wåd
usrf;udkukd;um;í 1aum 2;9wGif þokdYa&;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomolrsm;tzkdYtvdkYiSg? bk&m;ocifjyifqif
awmfrlaomt&mwkdYukd vlrsufpdjzihfrjrif? em;jzihfrMum;? pdwfESvkH;
jzihfrBuHpnfao;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukdtarGtjzpfay;xm;aomt&monf
arS;rSdefjcif;? ysufpD;jcif;? aysmufysufjcif;r&SdEkdifyg (i,f 4)/ þavmuü
uREkfyfwkdY BuHKawGUcHpm;&onfht&mtm;vkH;onf tjypf'kp½kduf\qkd;usKd;
atmufwGif&SdaeMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\pnf;pdrfOpömrsm;onf tcsdefESihftrQ
arS;rSdefíaysmufuG,foGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\usef;rma&;ESihf tvS
tyonf wpfaeYwpfcsdefwGif vGihfaysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ þavmu&Sd
rnfonfht&mrQ xm0&rwnfNrJyg/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYt
wGufaumif;uifbkHüodkxm;aomt&mrsm;rSmxdkodkYr[kwfyg/ aumif;uif
bkHwGif rnfonfht&mrQ ysufpD;aysmufuG,fjcif;r&Sdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfxJü tpOfxm0&&SifoefMuygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrS rnfonfh
t&murQ vk,lroGm;Edkifyg/ xkdt&yfwGif uREkfyfwkdYonfvkHNcHK pdwfcsrIukd
t<uif;rJhcHpm; awGUBuHKMuygvdrhfrnf/
þtcsif;t&monf þb0üemusifqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;
ae&aomolrsm;jzpfMuaom uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftb,frQ ESpfodrfhp&mjzpfae
ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ usef;rma&;ESihfcGeftm;rsm;onf qkwf,kwfcsnfheJY
oGm;Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYMunfhaeMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYcspfjrwfEkd;&aom
olrsm;aoqkH;oGm;Muonfukd uREkfyfwkdYjrifae&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYwefzkd;xm;
aompnf;pdrfOpömrsm;ukd olckd;rsm;uckd;,lvk,ufMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYMunfh
jrifae&onf/ obm0w&m;BuD;u obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fBuD;rsm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdY\tkd;tdrfrsm;ESihf wefzkd;&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwdkYxHrS cRwf,l
oGm;aeMuonfudk uREkfyfwkdYBuHKawGUcHpm;aeMuygonf/ þb0üxkduJhokdY
aomqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxJrS rnfolurS awGUBuHKzl;bJ&Sdygoenf;/ vlqkd;
olckd;rsm;uuREkfyfwkdYukd rvk,ufEkdifonfhae&m? obm0w&m;BuD;u uREkfyf
wkdY\ykdifqkdifrIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrScRwf,lroGm;Ekdifonfhae&mjzpfaom
aumif;uifbkH\ jzpfwnfrItrSefukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&jcif;onf tvGefBuD;rm;
aomaumif;BuD; r*Fvmwpfyg;r[kwfygvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYcspfjrwfEkd;
&aomolrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrSaqmif,loGm;rnfhaojcif;w&m;vnf;
xkdt&yfwGif &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf yg/ uREkfyfwkdY\ocif? uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Sif
rsufarSmufawmfwGif t<uif;rJhpdwfcs&rIESihf vkHNcHKrIwkdYjzihf&SifoefMu&
ygvdrhfrnf/
þtarGtm;vkH;ukd aumif;uifbkHwGif uREkfyfwkdYtwGufokdxm;yg
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf
176 177
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onf (i,f 4)/ xkdtarGrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYrSvuf0,fykdifqkdifrnfhtcsdefukd
apmifhpm;aeMuygonf (i,f 5)/ rnfonfht&murQ ,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf
þtarGukd rcGJEkdifouJhokdY? rnfonfht&murQ ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd þtarG
tm;rqufcHEkdifatmif t&nftcsif;rjynfhrrD rjzpfapEkdifyg/ ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\wefckd;awmfjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukduG,fumrpí
vkHNcHKaeapygonf/ þonfrSmuREkfyfwkdY 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tif&aomt&m
yifjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf þb0\trsKd;rsKd;aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&apumrl &Sifayw½kuolwkdYukd aocsmíBuD;us,f
crf;em;aom þarQmfvifhcsufü &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þcufcJusyfwnf;rIrsm;onf
&nf&G,fcsufr&SdbJ jzpfysufaeMuonfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
þcufcJMuyfwnf;rIrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfcsufrsm;ukd jyefvnfoefYpif
ay;zdkY a&muf&SdvmMujcif;jzpfonf (i,f 7)/ a&Tonf4if;üygvmaom
roefY&Sif;onfht&mrsm;ukd oefYpifavmifuRrf;ypfzkdY rD;awmufukdjzwfoef;&
ouJhokdY ,kHMunfolwkdYonfvnf; ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rD;ukd
jzwfoef;zdkYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESihf qefYusifykef
uefwwfaompdwfrsm;rSm oefYpifaq;aMumcH&rnfjzpfonf (,mukyf 1ukd
Munfhyg)/
þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYonf;cHjzwfoef;Muí
4if;wkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY\tusihfpm&dwårsm;tm; oefYpifaq;aMumapum?
ocifbk&m;ay: üuREkfyfwkdYrSDckdt;xm;wwfjcif;ukd wnfaqmufrGrf;rH
cGihfjyKMuonfESihftrQ ocifbk&m;ukd csD;rGrf;jcif;? bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apjcif;?
*kPfjyKaxmremjyK jcif;ü uREkfyfwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;rSmvnf; BuD;xGm;
vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf xm;&Sdaomrdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
bk&m;ociftaumif txnfazmfonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;rSm
vnf; olYukdcsD;rGrf;&ef wGef;ykdYcH&ygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif
uREkfyfwdkYonf ocifbk&m; \wefckd;awmftrSefukd awGUjrifMu&ygonf/
ocifbk&m;\cspfjcif;*½kPmESihfarwåmw&m;ukd ykdíodjrifem;vnfvm&
ygonf/ olonfuRekfyfwkdYukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ pGefYypfoGm;rnfr[kwf
aMumif;ukdodvm&ygonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\pdwfESvkH;onf omíjrihfaom
0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;tqihfodkY csD;ajr§mufcH&ygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrdESihftwlaqmif,loGm;rnfhaeY&uftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukd jyifqif
rGrf;rH&ef bk&m;ocifonf tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ukd tokH;jyK
ygonf/ owkdYorD;onf xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;aeYtwGuf 0wfpm;qif,if
cH&ouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocifbk&m;ujyefvnf<uqif;vmí
uREkfyfwkdYudkolESihftwl tpOfxm0&&SifoefzdkY ,laqmifoGm;rnfhaeYtwGuf
jyifqifrGrf;rHcHMu&onf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;onf
xkdjyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;jzpfpOf\ tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf (i,f 9)/
ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukd olESihftwlaqmif,loGm;zdkY þavmu
okdY<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufonf tvGefxl;jcm;aomaeY&ufr[kwfygvm;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihfrawGUjrifzl;Muygon/ ol\
½kyf&nfESihfykHyef;ukdvnf; rodMuyg/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf oljyefvnf
<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukdrl uREkfyfwkdYodxm;Muonf/ þc&D;tqkH;txd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf178 179
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onf (i,f 4)/ xkdtarGrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYrSvuf0,fykdifqkdifrnfhtcsdefukd
apmifhpm;aeMuygonf (i,f 5)/ rnfonfht&murQ ,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf
þtarGukd rcGJEkdifouJhokdY? rnfonfht&murQ ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd þtarG
tm;rqufcHEkdifatmif t&nftcsif;rjynfhrrD rjzpfapEkdifyg/ ,kHMunfjcif;
tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\wefckd;awmfjzihf uREkfyfwkdYukduG,fumrpí
vkHNcHKaeapygonf/ þonfrSmuREkfyfwkdY 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tif&aomt&m
yifjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf þb0\trsKd;rsKd;aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&apumrl &Sifayw½kuolwkdYukd aocsmíBuD;us,f
crf;em;aom þarQmfvifhcsufü &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þcufcJusyfwnf;rIrsm;onf
&nf&G,fcsufr&SdbJ jzpfysufaeMuonfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/
þcufcJMuyfwnf;rIrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfcsufrsm;ukd jyefvnfoefYpif
ay;zdkY a&muf&SdvmMujcif;jzpfonf (i,f 7)/ a&Tonf4if;üygvmaom
roefY&Sif;onfht&mrsm;ukd oefYpifavmifuRrf;ypfzkdY rD;awmufukdjzwfoef;&
ouJhokdY ,kHMunfolwkdYonfvnf; ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rD;ukd
jzwfoef;zdkYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESihf qefYusifykef
uefwwfaompdwfrsm;rSm oefYpifaq;aMumcH&rnfjzpfonf (,mukyf 1ukd
Munfhyg)/
þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYonf;cHjzwfoef;Muí
4if;wkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY\tusihfpm&dwårsm;tm; oefYpifaq;aMumapum?
ocifbk&m;ay: üuREkfyfwkdYrSDckdt;xm;wwfjcif;ukd wnfaqmufrGrf;rH
cGihfjyKMuonfESihftrQ ocifbk&m;ukd csD;rGrf;jcif;? bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apjcif;?
*kPfjyKaxmremjyK jcif;ü uREkfyfwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;rSmvnf; BuD;xGm;
vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf xm;&Sdaomrdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
bk&m;ociftaumif txnfazmfonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;rSm
vnf; olYukdcsD;rGrf;&ef wGef;ykdYcH&ygonf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif
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ocifbk&m;\cspfjcif;*½kPmESihfarwåmw&m;ukd ykdíodjrifem;vnfvm&
ygonf/ olonfuRekfyfwkdYukd b,faomtcgwGifrQ pGefYypfoGm;rnfr[kwf
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0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;tqihfodkY csD;ajr§mufcH&ygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf
uREkfyfwkdYukdrdrdESihftwlaqmif,loGm;rnfhaeY&uftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukd jyifqif
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ygonf/ owkdYorD;onf xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;aeYtwGuf 0wfpm;qif,if
cH&ouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocifbk&m;ujyefvnf<uqif;vmí
uREkfyfwkdYudkolESihftwl tpOfxm0&&SifoefzdkY ,laqmifoGm;rnfhaeYtwGuf
jyifqifrGrf;rHcHMu&onf/ þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;onf
xkdjyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;jzpfpOf\ tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf (i,f 9)/
ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukd olESihftwlaqmif,loGm;zdkY þavmu
okdY<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufonf tvGefxl;jcm;aomaeY&ufr[kwfygvm;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihfrawGUjrifzl;Muygon/ ol\
½kyf&nfESihfykHyef;ukdvnf; rodMuyg/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf oljyefvnf
<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukdrl uREkfyfwkdYodxm;Muonf/ þc&D;tqkH;txd
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf178 179
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
emusifrIESihf cufcJyifyef;jcif;ukd uRekfyfwdkYonf oD;cHjzwfoef;Muygonf/
taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYonfolYukdawGUqkHzdkY jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;cHaeMu&
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdY odaeMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oljyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnf[laomtodu uREkfyfwkdYukdBuD;rm;aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? BudKwifarQmf
vifhaejcif;wkdYESihf jynfhapygonf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;onf
uREfkyfwkdY\tBuD;rm;qkH;aom arQmfvifhcsufjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iü rnfonfharQmfvifhcsuf&SdMuygoenf;/
þb0ütqkH;wkdifwnfMunfzkdY xkdarQmfvifhcsufu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYcGeftm;ay;ygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ u,fwifjcif;wGif crnf;awmfbk&m;\tcef;u@rSm
tb,fenf;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh ocifa,½IwkdYu
rnfonfhtcef;u@rS yg0ifMuygoenf;/
xm0&bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü rnfokdYtokH;jyK
ygoenf;/
vGefcJhaomESpfumvrsm;ü ocifbk&m;onf oifhtoufwmrS
rnfonfhroefY&Sif;rIrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;ay;cJhygoenf;/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;vkyf&yf\ taxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;u oihftm;olESihftwl tpOfxm0&&Sifoef&ygrnf
[laom oifhukday;xm;onfhtHhzG,f arQmfvifhcsuftwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ toufwmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&mü
oifhtm;cGeftm;ESihf ÓPfynmukday;oem;awmfrlaomaMumihf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu oihftoufwmüvkyfaqmifae
aomt&mukd awGUjrifEkdifzkdY oihfrsufpdrsm;ukd zGihf[ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü apvTwfvkdufaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf
bk&m;ocifuNyD;ajrmufatmif vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfht&mrsm;
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifu oihfukdocifa,½I ESifhykdío@mefwlvatmif
vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf oihftoufwm rS olz,f&Sm;ypfzkdYvkdtyf
onfh roefY&Sif;rIrsm;ukd xkwfazmfjyoay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf180 181
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
emusifrIESihf cufcJyifyef;jcif;ukd uRekfyfwdkYonf oD;cHjzwfoef;Muygonf/
taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYonfolYukdawGUqkHzdkY jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;cHaeMu&
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdY odaeMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oljyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnf[laomtodu uREkfyfwkdYukdBuD;rm;aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? BudKwifarQmf
vifhaejcif;wkdYESihf jynfhapygonf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;onf
uREfkyfwkdY\tBuD;rm;qkH;aom arQmfvifhcsufjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iü rnfonfharQmfvifhcsuf&SdMuygoenf;/
þb0ütqkH;wkdifwnfMunfzkdY xkdarQmfvifhcsufu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYcGeftm;ay;ygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\ u,fwifjcif;wGif crnf;awmfbk&m;\tcef;u@rSm
tb,fenf;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh ocifa,½IwkdYu
rnfonfhtcef;u@rS yg0ifMuygoenf;/
xm0&bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;okdY qGJaqmif&ef
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü rnfokdYtokH;jyK
ygoenf;/
vGefcJhaomESpfumvrsm;ü ocifbk&m;onf oifhtoufwmrS
rnfonfhroefY&Sif;rIrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;ay;cJhygoenf;/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;vkyf&yf\ taxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;u oihftm;olESihftwl tpOfxm0&&Sifoef&ygrnf
[laom oifhukday;xm;onfhtHhzG,f arQmfvifhcsuftwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ toufwmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&mü
oifhtm;cGeftm;ESihf ÓPfynmukday;oem;awmfrlaomaMumihf
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfu oihftoufwmüvkyfaqmifae
aomt&mukd awGUjrifEkdifzkdY oihfrsufpdrsm;ukd zGihf[ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü apvTwfvkdufaom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf
bk&m;ocifuNyD;ajrmufatmif vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfht&mrsm;
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifu oihfukdocifa,½I ESifhykdío@mefwlvatmif
vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf oihftoufwm rS olz,f&Sm;ypfzkdYvkdtyf
onfh roefY&Sif;rIrsm;ukd xkwfazmfjyoay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
touf&SifaomarQmfvifhcsuf180 181
2020
2020
20
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukdxkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukdxkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
1 ay 1;10-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmfü4if;
wkdYukdykdif;qkdifxm;onfh tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftaMumif;ukd jyefvnftod
ay;aecJhygonf/ þpmapmifukd trSefwu,fzwf½IcJhMuonfh rl&if;pmzwf
y&dwfowfrsm;pGmonf toufwmwGif cufcJyifyef;vSaomppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;ukd &ifqkdifaecJhMuygonf/ wrefawmfBuD;u 4if;wkYdtm; vuf&Sd&ifqkdif
ae&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;rS tm½kHvTJajymif;í bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf
rsm;tay:ü pl;pkdufxm;Mu&ef pdefac:cJhygonf/ þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,faumif;vSaom u,fwifjcif;\jzpfpOfukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;aeMuygonf/ xkdjzpfpOfwGif ypöKyÜefqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihftem*wfbkef;
toa&wkdYyg0ifygonf/
tcef;i,f 10wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm;
a&muf&Sdvmawmhrnfh aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;ukd acwfa[mif;ya&mzuf
rsm;u a[majymcJhMuNyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ ya&mzufrsm;u
ar&Sd,onf rdrd\vlrsKd;awmfwdkYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrSvnf;aumif;?
uRefjzpfjcif;rSvnf;aumif;? u,fwifvGwfajrmufapzkdY þavmuodkY<u
qif;vmrnfhtcsdefukd a[majymcJhMuonf (a[&Sm,l 53;4-5? Zmc&d 3;1-
2020
2020
20
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukdxkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukdxkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
1 ay 1;10-16 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmfü4if;
wkdYukdykdif;qkdifxm;onfh tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftaMumif;ukd jyefvnftod
ay;aecJhygonf/ þpmapmifukd trSefwu,fzwf½IcJhMuonfh rl&if;pmzwf
y&dwfowfrsm;pGmonf toufwmwGif cufcJyifyef;vSaomppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;ukd &ifqkdifaecJhMuygonf/ wrefawmfBuD;u 4if;wkYdtm; vuf&Sd&ifqkdif
ae&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;rS tm½kHvTJajymif;í bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf
rsm;tay:ü pl;pkdufxm;Mu&ef pdefac:cJhygonf/ þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,faumif;vSaom u,fwifjcif;\jzpfpOfukd BuHKawGU
cHpm;aeMuygonf/ xkdjzpfpOfwGif ypöKyÜefqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihftem*wfbkef;
toa&wkdYyg0ifygonf/
tcef;i,f 10wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\rdwfaqG,kHMunfolrsm;tm;
a&muf&Sdvmawmhrnfh aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;ukd acwfa[mif;ya&mzuf
rsm;u a[majymcJhMuNyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ ya&mzufrsm;u
ar&Sd,onf rdrd\vlrsKd;awmfwdkYtm; 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrSvnf;aumif;?
uRefjzpfjcif;rSvnf;aumif;? u,fwifvGwfajrmufapzkdY þavmuodkY<u
qif;vmrnfhtcsdefukd a[majymcJhMuonf (a[&Sm,l 53;4-5? Zmc&d 3;1-
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
2)/ ya&mzufrsm;u þ<uqif;vmjcif;taMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í aphaph
ppfaMumar;jref;&SmazGcJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfþya&mzufjyKxm;csufrsm;
trSefwu,fjzpfvmrnfhtcsdefESifh ywf0ef;usiftajctaewkdYukd olwkdYod&Sd
csifcJhMuonf/ &Sifayw½kurdrd\ pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYtaejzihf
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihf bkef;toa&wkdY\jzpfpOfukd (4if;wkdY\a&SUumvü &Sifoef
cJhMuonfh ya&mzufrsm;uJhokdY) em;rvnfcJhMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wdkYonf þ
uwdawmfrsm;tm; txajrmufNyD;jynfhpkHaprnfhbk&m;ocifukd ,kHMunfpdwf
csEkdifMuaMumif; cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;vkdcJhonf/
þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; vuf&Sd
&ifqkdifae&aom cufcJyifyef;jcif;rsm;twGuf vufawGUusaomtBuHjyK
csuftcsKdUukd ay;xm;ygonf/ þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½kutBuHjyKcsufav;
csufukd azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifxm;MuzkdY vkdtyfcJhaMumif;today;jcif;jzihf tp
jyKxm;ygonf (i,f 13)/ King James usrf;pmwGif þtcsufukd ]]oifwkdY
pdwfESvkH;ukd cg;yef;pnf;xm;Muavmh}} [laompum;pkukd tokH;jyKbmom
jyefxm;ygonf/ þtokH;tEIef;onf xkdacwfumv\ "avhxkH;"Hwpfckukd
az:jyaeygonf/ xkdacwfumvvwGif trsKd;om;rsm;onf 0wf½kH&SnfBuD;
rsm;ukd 0wfqifcJhMuaomaMumifh ajy;vTm;csifaomtcgwGif 0wf½kH&Snfu
t[efYtwm;ray;zkdY atmuftem;om;rsm;ukd pkpnf;írwifMu&onf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukd
atmifjrifrIqDokdY a&GUvsm;&mü 4if;wkdYukdqD;wm;rnfhpdwfykdif;qkdif&m (okdY)
0dnmOfa&;qkdif&m t[efYtwm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;MuzkdYvkd
tyfaMumif;ajymjyaeygonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\a&SUrSajy;yGJukd 0ifajy;Mu&rnf
qkdvQif olwkdY\a&SUwkd;a&GUvsm;rIukd [efYwm;rnfhvGwfaeaom 'kp½dkduf
tawG;rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukd pkpnf;írwifxm;zkdY vkdtyfcJh
vdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½IESihfvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½I\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif; oufqkdifaom 4if;wkdY\oHo,pdwfrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&ay
vdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESifh ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
BudK;pm;&SmBuH&ef rdrdwkdY\pdwfukd xdef;ausmif;&ayrnf/ olwkdY\wkd;wuf
rIukd [efYwm;rnfh Zmwdyuwd\ bk&m;ukdraMumufaom pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;ukd z,f&Sm;í4if;wkdY\pdwfukd bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfxJü
avhusihfoifMum;ay;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þb0üatmifEkdifzdkYqkdvQif
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfxHü opöm&Sd&Sday;tyfjr§KyfESHí
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS vrf;c&D;üuREkfyfwkdYukd cvkwfwkdufívJusoGm;aprnfh
t&mrSeforQukd z,f&Sm;Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/
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ywfoufíaemufxyfajymp&m ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdaeygao;onf/ okdYaomf
uREfkyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd raumif;aomtawG;rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;rSumuG,fí bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;
ocif\or®mw&m;ESihfvnf;aumif; jynfhaeapMu&ef vkdtyfonf[kajym
vQif vkHavmufygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS wkdufyGJukd&ifqkdifwkdufvSef&rnf
qkdvQif uREkfffyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;onfbk&m;ocifESihfvnfa;umif;? bk&m;ocif
184 185
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd
2)/ ya&mzufrsm;u þ<uqif;vmjcif;taMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í aphaph
ppfaMumar;jref;&SmazGcJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfþya&mzufjyKxm;csufrsm;
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qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESihf bkef;toa&wkdY\jzpfpOfukd (4if;wkdY\a&SUumvü &Sifoef
cJhMuonfh ya&mzufrsm;uJhokdY) em;rvnfcJhMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wdkYonf þ
uwdawmfrsm;tm; txajrmufNyD;jynfhpkHaprnfhbk&m;ocifukd ,kHMunfpdwf
csEkdifMuaMumif; cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;vkdcJhonf/
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csuftcsKdUukd ay;xm;ygonf/ þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½kutBuHjyKcsufav;
csufukd azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
oifwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifyg/
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifrItwGufjyifqifxm;MuzkdY vkdtyfcJhaMumif;today;jcif;jzihf tp
jyKxm;ygonf (i,f 13)/ King James usrf;pmwGif þtcsufukd ]]oifwkdY
pdwfESvkH;ukd cg;yef;pnf;xm;Muavmh}} [laompum;pkukd tokH;jyKbmom
jyefxm;ygonf/ þtokH;tEIef;onf xkdacwfumv\ "avhxkH;"Hwpfckukd
az:jyaeygonf/ xkdacwfumvvwGif trsKd;om;rsm;onf 0wf½kH&SnfBuD;
rsm;ukd 0wfqifcJhMuaomaMumifh ajy;vTm;csifaomtcgwGif 0wf½kH&Snfu
t[efYtwm;ray;zkdY atmuftem;om;rsm;ukd pkpnf;írwifMu&onf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukd
atmifjrifrIqDokdY a&GUvsm;&mü 4if;wkdYukdqD;wm;rnfhpdwfykdif;qkdif&m (okdY)
0dnmOfa&;qkdif&m t[efYtwm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;MuzkdYvkd
tyfaMumif;ajymjyaeygonf/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\a&SUrSajy;yGJukd 0ifajy;Mu&rnf
qkdvQif olwkdY\a&SUwkd;a&GUvsm;rIukd [efYwm;rnfhvGwfaeaom 'kp½dkduf
tawG;rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukd pkpnf;írwifxm;zkdY vkdtyfcJh
vdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½IESihfvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½I\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif; oufqkdifaom 4if;wkdY\oHo,pdwfrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&ay
vdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESifh ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
BudK;pm;&SmBuH&ef rdrdwkdY\pdwfukd xdef;ausmif;&ayrnf/ olwkdY\wkd;wuf
rIukd [efYwm;rnfh Zmwdyuwd\ bk&m;ukdraMumufaom pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;ukd z,f&Sm;í4if;wkdY\pdwfukd bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfxJü
avhusihfoifMum;ay;&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þb0üatmifEkdifzdkYqkdvQif
uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfxHü opöm&Sd&Sday;tyfjr§KyfESHí
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS vrf;c&D;üuREkfyfwkdYukd cvkwfwkdufívJusoGm;aprnfh
t&mrSeforQukd z,f&Sm;Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/
EkdifiHawmf\trIawmftwGuf pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukdjyifqifxm;jcif;ESihf
ywfoufíaemufxyfajymp&m ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdaeygao;onf/ okdYaomf
uREfkyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd raumif;aomtawG;rsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;rSumuG,fí bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;
ocif\or®mw&m;ESihfvnf;aumif; jynfhaeapMu&ef vkdtyfonf[kajym
vQif vkHavmufygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS wkdufyGJukd&ifqkdifwkdufvSef&rnf
qkdvQif uREkfffyfwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;onfbk&m;ocifESihfvnfa;umif;? bk&m;ocif
184 185
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\ &nf&G,fcsufESihfvnf;aumif; vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdae&rnf/ &Sifayw½k
urdrd\pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü þtcsufukd
OD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpf owfrSwfzefwD;xm;Mu&ef pdefac:xm;ygonf/
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfrsm;twGuf &Sifayw½k\'kwd,pdefac:csuf
rSmukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;Mu&efjzpfonf (i,f 13)/ u,fwif&Sifukdvnf;
aumif;? xkdt&Sifay;oem;aomu,fwifjcif;\ ppfrSefrIukdvnf;aumif;
od&Sdaomolrsm;onf xkdu,fwifjcif;\ or®mw&m;vrf;ü avQmufvSrf;í
rdrdwdkY\ ukd,fcE¨mESihfpdwfukd xdef;odrf;Muyfrwf&ygrnf/ c&pf,meftouf
wmonf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI rvkdtyfaomtoufwmr[kwfyg/ acwf
umvwpfavQmuf&Sd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;BuD;aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\a&SUrS
wkdufyGJwGif ukd,fcE¨mudkvnf;aumif;? pdwfukdvnf;aumif; xdef;odrf;Muyf
rwfcJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku 1 aum 9;26-27 wGif þxdef;odrf;Muyfrwf
jcif;ESihf ukdf,fhukd,fukd csKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/
]]xkdYaMumifhigajy;aomtcg trSwfwrJhajy;onfr[kwf/ vufa0SU
xdk;owfaomtcg tmumoaumif;uifukdomxkd;í owfonf
r[kwf/ olw yg;ukdqkH;rNyD;rS ukd,fwkdif½IH;aomol rjzpf&rnf
taMumif;? ukd,fukdxkd;í ESdyfpufavh&Sd\/}}
&nfrSef;csufr&SdbJ ajy;aomolrsm;ESihf ywfoufí&Sifaygvku
rnfokdYajymqkdcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS tajy;NydKifyGJukd
ajy;&rnfqkdvQif uREfkyfwkdY\vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd xdef;csKyfzdkYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfZmwdyuwdukd wkdufvSefMu&rnf/ þavmuDa&pD;aMumif;ukd
qefYusifqefwufí avSmfcwfMu&rnf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf uREkfyf
wkdYzufrS pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESihf ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYukd vkdtyfygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfu arQmfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif; jzpfvmzdkYqkd
vQif ukd,fhukd,fukdpnf;urf;ESihf xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfMu&rnf/ rnfonfh tzkd;
tcyifay;&ygap ukd,fhukd,fukd xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfMu&rnf/ pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;? tm½kHaxGjym;aponfht&mrsm;ESihf jynfhESufaeaom
þavmuBuD;ü ocifc&pfawmftwGuf &SifoefzkdYqkdvQif pnf;urf;ESihf
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYvkdtyfonf/ ,kHMunfolonfbk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmftzdkYtvkdYiSg ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfzkdYjyifqifxm;Mu
&rnf/ olwkdYonf þb0\ZdrfcHjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd aysmfykduf&if;aemufrSD
ukvm;xdkifwGif oufawmifhoufomxkdifEkdifMuygvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/
tcsdefem&Dukday;qyftepfemcHjcif;? pGrf;tifcGeftm;rsm;ukd ay;qyftepf
emcHjcif;? t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif
uqifhac:ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg
xkday;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfzkdYjyifqifxm;Mu&rnf/
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
ocifbk&m;ESihfuREkfyfwkdYtwlavQmufvSrf;jcif;u tcsdefrsm;pGmwGif
tvGefcufcJaomt&mjzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf a&pD;aMumif;udk
qefYusifqefwufí ul;cwfaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdem;vnfcJhMurnf
r[kwfyg/ ocifbk&m;ESihfocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufaMumifh n§if;yef;
ESdyfpufcH&rnfhtcsdefvnf;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckduf
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd186 187
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\ &nf&G,fcsufESihfvnf;aumif; vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdae&rnf/ &Sifayw½k
urdrd\pmzwfy&dwfowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\toufwmü þtcsufukd
OD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpf owfrSwfzefwD;xm;Mu&ef pdefac:xm;ygonf/
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;yg (or®mowd&Sdyg)
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfrsm;twGuf &Sifayw½k\'kwd,pdefac:csuf
rSmukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;Mu&efjzpfonf (i,f 13)/ u,fwif&Sifukdvnf;
aumif;? xkdt&Sifay;oem;aomu,fwifjcif;\ ppfrSefrIukdvnf;aumif;
od&Sdaomolrsm;onf xkdu,fwifjcif;\ or®mw&m;vrf;ü avQmufvSrf;í
rdrdwdkY\ ukd,fcE¨mESihfpdwfukd xdef;odrf;Muyfrwf&ygrnf/ c&pf,meftouf
wmonf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI rvkdtyfaomtoufwmr[kwfyg/ acwf
umvwpfavQmuf&Sd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;BuD;aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\a&SUrS
wkdufyGJwGif ukd,fcE¨mudkvnf;aumif;? pdwfukdvnf;aumif; xdef;odrf;Muyf
rwfcJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku 1 aum 9;26-27 wGif þxdef;odrf;Muyfrwf
jcif;ESihf ukdf,fhukd,fukd csKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYtaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/
]]xkdYaMumifhigajy;aomtcg trSwfwrJhajy;onfr[kwf/ vufa0SU
xdk;owfaomtcg tmumoaumif;uifukdomxkd;í owfonf
r[kwf/ olw yg;ukdqkH;rNyD;rS ukd,fwkdif½IH;aomol rjzpf&rnf
taMumif;? ukd,fukdxkd;í ESdyfpufavh&Sd\/}}
&nfrSef;csufr&SdbJ ajy;aomolrsm;ESihf ywfoufí&Sifaygvku
rnfokdYajymqkdcJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS tajy;NydKifyGJukd
ajy;&rnfqkdvQif uREfkyfwkdY\vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd xdef;csKyfzdkYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonfZmwdyuwdukd wkdufvSefMu&rnf/ þavmuDa&pD;aMumif;ukd
qefYusifqefwufí avSmfcwfMu&rnf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf uREkfyf
wkdYzufrS pnf;urf;&Sdjcif;ESihf ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYukd vkdtyfygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfu arQmfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif; jzpfvmzdkYqkd
vQif ukd,fhukd,fukdpnf;urf;ESihf xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfMu&rnf/ rnfonfh tzkd;
tcyifay;&ygap ukd,fhukd,fukd xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfMu&rnf/ pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;? tm½kHaxGjym;aponfht&mrsm;ESihf jynfhESufaeaom
þavmuBuD;ü ocifc&pfawmftwGuf &SifoefzkdYqkdvQif pnf;urf;ESihf
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;wkdYvkdtyfonf/ ,kHMunfolonfbk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmftzdkYtvkdYiSg ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfzkdYjyifqifxm;Mu
&rnf/ olwkdYonf þb0\ZdrfcHjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd aysmfykduf&if;aemufrSD
ukvm;xdkifwGif oufawmifhoufomxkdifEkdifMuygvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/
tcsdefem&Dukday;qyftepfemcHjcif;? pGrf;tifcGeftm;rsm;ukd ay;qyftepf
emcHjcif;? t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif
uqifhac:ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftzkdYtvkdYiSg
xkday;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfzkdYjyifqifxm;Mu&rnf/
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
tjynfht0arQmfvihfaom (tqkH;wkdifatmif arQmfvifhMuavmh)
ocifbk&m;ESihfuREkfyfwkdYtwlavQmufvSrf;jcif;u tcsdefrsm;pGmwGif
tvGefcufcJaomt&mjzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf a&pD;aMumif;udk
qefYusifqefwufí ul;cwfaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdem;vnfcJhMurnf
r[kwfyg/ ocifbk&m;ESihfocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufaMumifh n§if;yef;
ESdyfpufcH&rnfhtcsdefvnf;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ &efolonf uREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckduf
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd186 187
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ygvdrfhrnf/ þurÇmay:rStjcm;olrsm;tm;vkH;xufykdí ajzmifhrwfaom
oljzpfonf[k bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdifuajymcJhonfh a,mb\taMumif;ukd
pOf;pm;okH;oyfMunfhyg/ pmwefonf a,mb\rdom;pk? csrf;om<u,f0rI?
usef;rma&;ponfwkdYukd a,mbxHrS cRwf,lz,f&Sm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
&efol ukdrsufESmcsif;qkdif xdyfwkdufrawGUbJ (okdY) &efolY"g;\emusifaprIukd
rcHpm;bJ xkd&efolESihfppfwkdufzdkY arQmfvifhír&yg/
wkdufyGJonf tcgtm;avsmfpGm &ufpufjyif;xefvdrfhrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfüxkwfazmfjyocJhrnfh
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfü4if;wkdY\ arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ukd tjynfht0
xm;&SdMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf (i,f 13)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü
vnf;aumif;? ocsØKif;tay:üvnf;aumif;? ewfqkd;tay:üvnf;aumif;
atmifEkdifjcif;ukd &&Sdrnf[k bk&m;ocifu uwday;cJhonf/ 0rf;enf;ylaqG;
jcif;? emusifjcif;? aojcif;wkdYr&SdaomrsufarSmufawmfwGif uREkfyfwkdYtpOf
xm0&&SifoefoGm;MurnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; uwday;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\t&Sifbk&m;ocif\0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;ESihf
jynfhvQHaeygvdrfhrnf/ pmwefonf þtHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufay:üxm;&Sd
aom uREkfyfwkdY\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIukd z,f&Sm;csifygonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
ESihf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif;tcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfukd ocifc&pfawmf
ü&Sdaom xkdarQmfvifhcsufonf uREkfyffwkdY\pdwf0dnmOfukd jynfhapíaysmf
&Tifjcif;rsm;ESihf pdwfvIyf&Sm;aprnfhtcGihfukd ay;Mu&rnf/
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmhoefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmhoefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
aemufqkH;taejzihf &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;
pifMu,faomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf (i,f 14-16)/
ocifa,½I\trIawmfrSm uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrS aq;aMumoefYpifay;&ef
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmütjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESihf npfywfaya&
aecJhMuonf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ocifESihfuif;uGmapcJhonf/
ocifa,½I<uqif;vmcJhcsdefu olonfrdrdESihftwltjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
aqmif,lvmcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fawmf\taoG;awmftm;jzihf
oefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ukd tpGrf;
&dSorQjzifh BudK;pm;íxdef;odrf;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ tkda[mif;aomtoufwm
onf um;wkdifwifí pD&ifjcif;cH&NyD;? uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuonfh topf
aomtoufwmü &SifoefaeMuonf[k okH;oyfxm;&rnf/ oefY&Sif;pif
Mu,fjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;twGuf oD;oefYcGJxkwfcH&jcif;yifjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwdkYtm;ocifbk&m;twGuf tjynfht0&Sifoefaexkdif
oGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif; Zmwdyuwd\avmuDqefaom wyfrufrIqE´rsm;
rSukd,fhukd,fukd oD;jcm;cGJxkwfxm;MuzkdY qifhac:cJhygonf/
cufcJusyfwnf;aomumvrsm;ü ,kHMunfolrsm;jyKvkyf&rnfh
qufuyftyfESHjcif;rSm crnf;awmfbk&m;\tvkdawmfukd vkyfaqmifjcif;
jzpfonf/ þuJhokdYaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;umvrsm;wGif at;a&mat;
aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/
rdrd\ocifukd jiif;y,fjcif;\cHpm;csufukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhaom
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtawG;ESihftouf
wmukd xdef;odrf;xm;MuzdkY pdefac:xm;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ ppfonf
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf olwkdY\toufwmü rnfonfht&myifjzpfcJh
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd188 189
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ygvdrfhrnf/ þurÇmay:rStjcm;olrsm;tm;vkH;xufykdí ajzmifhrwfaom
oljzpfonf[k bk&m;ocifukd,fwkdifuajymcJhonfh a,mb\taMumif;ukd
pOf;pm;okH;oyfMunfhyg/ pmwefonf a,mb\rdom;pk? csrf;om<u,f0rI?
usef;rma&;ponfwkdYukd a,mbxHrS cRwf,lz,f&Sm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
&efol ukdrsufESmcsif;qkdif xdyfwkdufrawGUbJ (okdY) &efolY"g;\emusifaprIukd
rcHpm;bJ xkd&efolESihfppfwkdufzdkY arQmfvifhír&yg/
wkdufyGJonf tcgtm;avsmfpGm &ufpufjyif;xefvdrfhrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ocifc&pfawmfüxkwfazmfjyocJhrnfh
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfü4if;wkdY\ arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ukd tjynfht0
xm;&SdMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf (i,f 13)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü
vnf;aumif;? ocsØKif;tay:üvnf;aumif;? ewfqkd;tay:üvnf;aumif;
atmifEkdifjcif;ukd &&Sdrnf[k bk&m;ocifu uwday;cJhonf/ 0rf;enf;ylaqG;
jcif;? emusifjcif;? aojcif;wkdYr&SdaomrsufarSmufawmfwGif uREkfyfwkdYtpOf
xm0&&SifoefoGm;MurnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; uwday;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\t&Sifbk&m;ocif\0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;ESihf
jynfhvQHaeygvdrfhrnf/ pmwefonf þtHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufay:üxm;&Sd
aom uREkfyfwkdY\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIukd z,f&Sm;csifygonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
ESihf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif;tcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfukd ocifc&pfawmf
ü&Sdaom xkdarQmfvifhcsufonf uREkfyffwkdY\pdwf0dnmOfukd jynfhapíaysmf
&Tifjcif;rsm;ESihf pdwfvIyf&Sm;aprnfhtcGihfukd ay;Mu&rnf/
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmhoefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmhoefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
oefY&Sif;jcif;&SdMuavmh
aemufqkH;taejzihf &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;
pifMu,faomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf (i,f 14-16)/
ocifa,½I\trIawmfrSm uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrS aq;aMumoefYpifay;&ef
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf toufwmütjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESihf npfywfaya&
aecJhMuonf/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdYukd bk&m;ocifESihfuif;uGmapcJhonf/
ocifa,½I<uqif;vmcJhcsdefu olonfrdrdESihftwltjypfvTwfjcif;ukd
aqmif,lvmcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fawmf\taoG;awmftm;jzihf
oefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ukd tpGrf;
&dSorQjzifh BudK;pm;íxdef;odrf;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ tkda[mif;aomtoufwm
onf um;wkdifwifí pD&ifjcif;cH&NyD;? uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&&SdcJhMuonfh topf
aomtoufwmü &SifoefaeMuonf[k okH;oyfxm;&rnf/ oefY&Sif;pif
Mu,fjcif;qkdonfrSm ocifbk&m;twGuf oD;oefYcGJxkwfcH&jcif;yifjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwdkYtm;ocifbk&m;twGuf tjynfht0&Sifoefaexkdif
oGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif; Zmwdyuwd\avmuDqefaom wyfrufrIqE´rsm;
rSukd,fhukd,fukd oD;jcm;cGJxkwfxm;MuzkdY qifhac:cJhygonf/
cufcJusyfwnf;aomumvrsm;ü ,kHMunfolrsm;jyKvkyf&rnfh
qufuyftyfESHjcif;rSm crnf;awmfbk&m;\tvkdawmfukd vkyfaqmifjcif;
jzpfonf/ þuJhokdYaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;umvrsm;wGif at;a&mat;
aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/
rdrd\ocifukd jiif;y,fjcif;\cHpm;csufukd em;vnfoabmaygufcJhaom
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtawG;ESihftouf
wmukd xdef;odrf;xm;MuzdkY pdefac:xm;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ ppfonf
rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf olwkdY\toufwmü rnfonfht&myifjzpfcJh
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd188 189
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
apumrl olwkdYonfþoefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtoufwmESihf tawG;wkdYukd
umuG,fapmifha&SmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ toufwmürnfonfht&myif
jzpfapumrl olwkdYonfukd,fawmfjy|mef;xm;onfhtwkdif; &Sifoefaexkdif
jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu&efrSm toufwm\
&nfrSef;csufjzpfcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf tNrJvG,fulcJhvdrfhrnf r[kwf
yg/ 4if;onf olwkdY\EIwfxGufpum;vkH;rsm;ukd ppfaq;jcif;? olwkdY\qkd;npf
aomwyfrufrIqE´rsm;ESifh pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukd ausmckdif;íjyefvSnfh
vmjcif;? Zmwdyuwdqefaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd a&SmifMuOfjcif;ponf
wkdYukdqkdvkdcJhygvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomfvG,fuloufomaomtcsdefüjzpfap?
emusifcufcJaomtcsdefüjzpfap ,kHMunfolrsm;\qufuyftyfESHrIonf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtoufwmESihf tawG;tm;jzihf 4if;wdkY\ocifbk&m;
ukd bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu&efjzpfonf/
a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu ya&mzufjyKcJhaomocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY
vufcH&&Sdxm;onfh tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuf\tvif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyf
&rnfht&majrmufjrm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;twGuf jyifqifí? ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;Mu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufukd ocifa,½IxHü pkpnf;xm;í avmuDo@mef
ukdraqmifMuzdkYjzpfonf/ xkdtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonfoefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;rsm;
tjzpf ukd,fawmhftwGuftjynfht0&SifoefMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;
\u,fwifjcif;ukd od&Sdem;vnfxm;aomolrsm;onf xkdu,fwifjcif;ü
&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY wm0ef&Sdonf/ a&muf&Sdvmrnfhu,fwifjcif;\ or®m
w&m;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufEkdifzdkY ya&mzufrsm;u BudK;pm;&SmBuHcJhMu
onf/ aumif;uifwrefrsm;u xkdu,fwifjcif;ukd tHhtm;oihfcJhMuonf/
umv&Snfapmifhpm;cJh&onfh þuwdawmf\ NyD;jynfhpkHjcif;ukd vufcH&&Sd
cJhMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf ukd,fhukd,fukdxdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; &Sifoefae
xkdifíxkdu,fwifjcif;\ ppfrSefrIukd apmifhMunfhaeaomavmuDom;rsm;
xHü oufaojy&eftcGihfta&;&SdMuygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,ckuREkfyfwkdY 0ifa&mufqifETJaeaom0dnmOfwkdufyGJtwGuf uREfkyf
wkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd rnfokdYjyifqifMu&rnfenf;/
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif; qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ oifh&JU0dnmOf
a&;&mtoufwmwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;ukd rnfokdYjyKvkyf
usihfBuHaecJhygoenf;/ &Sif;jyyg/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;aMumif;? tqif
ajym&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrnfrQvG,fulygoenf;/ ouf
omvG,fulí csrf;om<u,f0jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;
aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrSm rnfrQvG,ful
ygoenf;/ oefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;jzpfMuzdkY þae&mü &Sifayw½k\
pdefac:csufum;tb,fenf;/ oifonfþoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;
wGif &Sifoefaeygovm; (okdY) at;&mat;aMumif;? tqifajy&m
ajyaMumif;ukd vkyfaeygovm;/
þb0ürnfonfh pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd oifcHae&ygo
enf;/ ocifa,½Iü oifvufcH&&Sdxm;aom arQmfvifhcsufu
þpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdYrnfokdY ulnDay;yg
oenf;/
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd190 191
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
apumrl olwkdYonfþoefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtoufwmESihf tawG;wkdYukd
umuG,fapmifha&SmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ toufwmürnfonfht&myif
jzpfapumrl olwkdYonfukd,fawmfjy|mef;xm;onfhtwkdif; &Sifoefaexkdif
jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu&efrSm toufwm\
&nfrSef;csufjzpfcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf tNrJvG,fulcJhvdrfhrnf r[kwf
yg/ 4if;onf olwkdY\EIwfxGufpum;vkH;rsm;ukd ppfaq;jcif;? olwkdY\qkd;npf
aomwyfrufrIqE´rsm;ESifh pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ukd ausmckdif;íjyefvSnfh
vmjcif;? Zmwdyuwdqefaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd a&SmifMuOfjcif;ponf
wkdYukdqkdvkdcJhygvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomfvG,fuloufomaomtcsdefüjzpfap?
emusifcufcJaomtcsdefüjzpfap ,kHMunfolrsm;\qufuyftyfESHrIonf
oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtoufwmESihf tawG;tm;jzihf 4if;wdkY\ocifbk&m;
ukd bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu&efjzpfonf/
a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu ya&mzufjyKcJhaomocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY
vufcH&&Sdxm;onfh tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuf\tvif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyf
&rnfht&majrmufjrm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifjcif;twGuf jyifqifí? ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;Mu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufukd ocifa,½IxHü pkpnf;xm;í avmuDo@mef
ukdraqmifMuzdkYjzpfonf/ xkdtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonfoefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;rsm;
tjzpf ukd,fawmhftwGuftjynfht0&SifoefMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;
\u,fwifjcif;ukd od&Sdem;vnfxm;aomolrsm;onf xkdu,fwifjcif;ü
&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY wm0ef&Sdonf/ a&muf&Sdvmrnfhu,fwifjcif;\ or®m
w&m;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufEkdifzdkY ya&mzufrsm;u BudK;pm;&SmBuHcJhMu
onf/ aumif;uifwrefrsm;u xkdu,fwifjcif;ukd tHhtm;oihfcJhMuonf/
umv&Snfapmifhpm;cJh&onfh þuwdawmf\ NyD;jynfhpkHjcif;ukd vufcH&&Sd
cJhMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf ukd,fhukd,fukdxdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; &Sifoefae
xkdifíxkdu,fwifjcif;\ ppfrSefrIukd apmifhMunfhaeaomavmuDom;rsm;
xHü oufaojy&eftcGihfta&;&SdMuygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,ckuREkfyfwkdY 0ifa&mufqifETJaeaom0dnmOfwkdufyGJtwGuf uREfkyf
wkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukd rnfokdYjyifqifMu&rnfenf;/
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif; qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ oifh&JU0dnmOf
a&;&mtoufwmwGif ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;jcif;ukd rnfokdYjyKvkyf
usihfBuHaecJhygoenf;/ &Sif;jyyg/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;aMumif;? tqif
ajym&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrnfrQvG,fulygoenf;/ ouf
omvG,fulí csrf;om<u,f0jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;
aMumif;? tqifajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfrd&efrSm rnfrQvG,ful
ygoenf;/ oefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;jzpfMuzdkY þae&mü &Sifayw½k\
pdefac:csufum;tb,fenf;/ oifonfþoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;
wGif &Sifoefaeygovm; (okdY) at;&mat;aMumif;? tqifajy&m
ajyaMumif;ukd vkyfaeygovm;/
þb0ürnfonfh pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd oifcHae&ygo
enf;/ ocifa,½Iü oifvufcH&&Sdxm;aom arQmfvifhcsufu
þpkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdYrnfokdY ulnDay;yg
oenf;/
xkdu,fwifjcif;taMumif;t&mukd190 191
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½Iü oif&&Sdydkifqkdifxm;onfh arQmfvihfcsuftrSefwu,f
jzpfwnfrIESihf oihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd jynfhapzkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;
avQmufyg/ oifh&JU½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ü þarQmfvihfcsufjzihf
oihfukdcGeftm;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;zkdY vdktyfonfhtjypfrsm;ukd
xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;tm; oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd ppfaq;&Sm
azGay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmf\tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH
íatmifEkdifjcif;ü avQmufvSrf;yg/ oihfa&SUü&SdaomwkdufyGJtwGuf
oihfpdwfESvkH;ukd jyifqifay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtxJüukd,fawmf\bkef;awmfukd ykdíjynfhjynfh00xkwfazmf
jyo&eftwGufvkdtyfaom ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd vkdvkd
vm;vm; vkyfaqmifEkdifaomoltjzpfzefwD;ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
at;&mat;aMumif;? tpOfajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfjcif;r&SdbJ
oefY&Sif;aomtoufwmjzihf &Sifoefaexkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifjyKvkyfcJhonfh at;&m
at;aMumif;? tpOfajy&majyaMumif;vkyfcJhonfh udpörsm;tm;vkH;
twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmuf yg/
2121
2121
21
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
1 ay 1;17-25 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;
aom trIawmfESihf xkdocif\tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;tm; uREkfyfwkdY\wkefYjyef
rIwkdYukd jyefvnfokH;oyfajymqkdaecJhygonf/ þyxrtcef;BuD;\aemufqkH;
tykdif;wGifvnf; xkdt"dua&;om;vkdaomt&mudk qufvufwifjyxm;yg
onf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dwfwkdYtm;
4if;wkdYonf vlrsufESmukdriJh? cyfodrf;aomolwkdYukd tusihftwkdif;pD&ifawmf
rlrnfh crnf;awmfukd ukd;uG,fMuaomaMumifh toufwmukdaMumuf&GHU
½kdaojcif;pdwfESihf avmu{nfhonfrsm;ozG,f &SifoefMu&eftoday;cJh
onf/ þpum;ukd twkdcsKyfíavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
yxrtaejzihf? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmukdriJhbJ pD&ifawmfrlrnfh
taMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? olonfrsufESmvkdufí
cGJjcm;qufqHrnfr[kwfyg/ oifonfbk&m;ocif\ om;orD;jzpfaom
aMumifh oifhukdavQmhípD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ oihf&JUtom;ta&mif? oihf&JU
vlrsKd;EG,f? oihf&JUwkdif;jynfhwpfjynf\ w&m;0ifEkdifiHom;jzpfwnfrI tajc
taersm;aMumifh ykdípD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ trsKd;om;wkdif;? trsKd;orD;wkdif;?
192
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½Iü oif&&Sdydkifqkdifxm;onfh arQmfvihfcsuftrSefwu,f
jzpfwnfrIESihf oihf&JUpdwfESvkH;ukd jynfhapzkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;
avQmufyg/ oifh&JU½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ü þarQmfvihfcsufjzihf
oihfukdcGeftm;ay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;zkdY vdktyfonfhtjypfrsm;ukd
xkwfazmfjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;tm; oifhpdwfESvkH;ukd ppfaq;&Sm
azGay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/ ukd,fawmf\tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd &SmBuH
íatmifEkdifjcif;ü avQmufvSrf;yg/ oihfa&SUü&SdaomwkdufyGJtwGuf
oihfpdwfESvkH;ukd jyifqifay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtxJüukd,fawmf\bkef;awmfukd ykdíjynfhjynfh00xkwfazmf
jyo&eftwGufvkdtyfaom ay;qyftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukd vkdvkd
vm;vm; vkyfaqmifEkdifaomoltjzpfzefwD;ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
at;&mat;aMumif;? tpOfajy&majyaMumif;ukd jyKvkyfjcif;r&SdbJ
oefY&Sif;aomtoufwmjzihf &Sifoefaexkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdY
bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/ oifjyKvkyfcJhonfh at;&m
at;aMumif;? tpOfajy&majyaMumif;vkyfcJhonfh udpörsm;tm;vkH;
twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmuf yg/
2121
2121
21
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
1 ay 1;17-25 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;
aom trIawmfESihf xkdocif\tHhzG,fu,fwifjcif;tm; uREkfyfwkdY\wkefYjyef
rIwkdYukd jyefvnfokH;oyfajymqkdaecJhygonf/ þyxrtcef;BuD;\aemufqkH;
tykdif;wGifvnf; xkdt"dua&;om;vkdaomt&mudk qufvufwifjyxm;yg
onf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dwfwkdYtm;
4if;wkdYonf vlrsufESmukdriJh? cyfodrf;aomolwkdYukd tusihftwkdif;pD&ifawmf
rlrnfh crnf;awmfukd ukd;uG,fMuaomaMumifh toufwmukdaMumuf&GHU
½kdaojcif;pdwfESihf avmu{nfhonfrsm;ozG,f &SifoefMu&eftoday;cJh
onf/ þpum;ukd twkdcsKyfíavhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/
yxrtaejzihf? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmukdriJhbJ pD&ifawmfrlrnfh
taMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? olonfrsufESmvkdufí
cGJjcm;qufqHrnfr[kwfyg/ oifonfbk&m;ocif\ om;orD;jzpfaom
aMumifh oifhukdavQmhípD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ oihf&JUtom;ta&mif? oihf&JU
vlrsKd;EG,f? oihf&JUwkdif;jynfhwpfjynf\ w&m;0ifEkdifiHom;jzpfwnfrI tajc
taersm;aMumifh ykdípD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ trsKd;om;wkdif;? trsKd;orD;wkdif;?
192
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
uav;wkdif;onf rsufarSmufwGif&yfí rQrQwwpD&ifcH&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tjyifyef;tqif;o@mef\ vSnfhjzm;jcif;ukdcH&rnf
r[kwfyg/ olonfpdwfESvkH;rsm;xJokdY eufeufeJeJMunfh½Ií pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;ESihf &nf&G,f&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf
rsufarSmufawmfwGif&yfí uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;ívnf;
aumif;? olYtwGufvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;
ajz&Sif;csufrsm;ukd ay;Muygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf
or®mw&m;wGif tajccHygvdrfhrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf? &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; þavmuü
]]{nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;}} ozG,f&SifoefMu&ef tcef;i,f 17wGif pdefac:
xm;onf/ uREkfyfwdkY\trIawmfonf bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmfESifhbk&m;
ocif\bkef;awmftwGufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\enf;pepfrsm;onf
þavmurS r[kwfyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a&SUodkYcsDía[majym
Mu&mü avmuDenf;ynmrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtokH;rjyKyg/ avmuDom;rsm;
uuREkfyfwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwdkY\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; em;rvnfMuyg/ uREkfyf
wdkYonf EkdifiHawmfESihfqkdifaom wefzkd;pHEIef;rsm;? tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'o
rsm;\ armif;ESifwGef;ykdYjcif;ukd cHMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þwefzkd;pHEIef;
rsm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdpD&ifygvdrfhrnf/ avmuDpHEIef;rsm;jzihfr[kwfyg/ qkdvkd
onfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm bk&m;ocif
jy|mef;xm;onfhtwkdfi; *½kwpkduftrIawmfaqmifí &SifoefaexkdifMu&
rnf/ omoemvkyfief;rsm;onf vlYpHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;? vlY&nf&G,fcsufyef;wkdif
ESihf vdkcsifawmifhwrIrsm;\aphaqmfwkdufwGef;rIrsm; ay:wGif wnfaqmuf
xm;Ekdifygonf/ okdYaomf,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh tavsmuf bk&m;ocif
uuREkfyfwkdYukd avmuDenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhwyfrufrIqE´rsm;tay:ü {nfhonf
tm*EÅKrsm;jzpfMuzdkY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd
uREkfyfwkdY\uyÜwdef ? uREkfyfwkdY\acgif;aqmiftjzpfrSwf,lí olYxHrS
vrf;ñTefcsufukd&,lMuzdkYqifhac:xm;ygonf/ ]]avmuDenf;vrf;jzihf
atmifjrifaom}} omoemvkyfief;tajrmuftjrm;onf bk&m;ocif\
pD&ifjcif;ukd cHMu&ygvdrfhrnfhtaMumif;rSm 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
OD;aqmifvrf;ñTefrIwGif tajcrcHbJ? vltBuHtpnfESihf
vlYaphaqmfrIrsm;wGif tajccHxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuBuD;tay:üvnf;aumif;? 4if;\
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;yrm &Sifoefae
xkdifMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\omoemvkyfief; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\ tapcH
rIrnfrQ ]]BuD;onf}} (okdY) ]]atmifjrifonf}} [laomtcsufü tajccHí
bk&m;ocifu uREfkfyfwkdYukdpD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
tay:üvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vrf;jyOD;aqmifrItay:üvnf;
aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; uREfkyfwkdYopöm&dS? r&SdwGiftajccHí
pD&ifygvdrfhrnf/
wwd,taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukdk,fukdavmu{nfhonfrsm;
tjzpf½Ijrif&efomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&GHUaompdwfESihf&SifoefMu
&rnfjzpfonf/ aMumuf&GHU½kdaojcif;ukd pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUrIwpfckuJhokdY r½Ijrif
194 195
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
uav;wkdif;onf rsufarSmufwGif&yfí rQrQwwpD&ifcH&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tjyifyef;tqif;o@mef\ vSnfhjzm;jcif;ukdcH&rnf
r[kwfyg/ olonfpdwfESvkH;rsm;xJokdY eufeufeJeJMunfh½Ií pdwfaeoabm
xm;rsm;ESihf &nf&G,f&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf
rsufarSmufawmfwGif&yfí uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;ívnf;
aumif;? olYtwGufvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;
ajz&Sif;csufrsm;ukd ay;Muygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf
or®mw&m;wGif tajccHygvdrfhrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf? &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; þavmuü
]]{nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;}} ozG,f&SifoefMu&ef tcef;i,f 17wGif pdefac:
xm;onf/ uREkfyfwdkY\trIawmfonf bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmfESifhbk&m;
ocif\bkef;awmftwGufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\enf;pepfrsm;onf
þavmurS r[kwfyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a&SUodkYcsDía[majym
Mu&mü avmuDenf;ynmrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtokH;rjyKyg/ avmuDom;rsm;
uuREkfyfwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwdkY\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; em;rvnfMuyg/ uREkfyf
wdkYonf EkdifiHawmfESihfqkdifaom wefzkd;pHEIef;rsm;? tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'o
rsm;\ armif;ESifwGef;ykdYjcif;ukd cHMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þwefzkd;pHEIef;
rsm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdpD&ifygvdrfhrnf/ avmuDpHEIef;rsm;jzihfr[kwfyg/ qkdvkd
onfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm bk&m;ocif
jy|mef;xm;onfhtwkdfi; *½kwpkduftrIawmfaqmifí &SifoefaexkdifMu&
rnf/ omoemvkyfief;rsm;onf vlYpHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;? vlY&nf&G,fcsufyef;wkdif
ESihf vdkcsifawmifhwrIrsm;\aphaqmfwkdufwGef;rIrsm; ay:wGif wnfaqmuf
xm;Ekdifygonf/ okdYaomf,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh tavsmuf bk&m;ocif
uuREkfyfwkdYukd avmuDenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhwyfrufrIqE´rsm;tay:ü {nfhonf
tm*EÅKrsm;jzpfMuzdkY qifhac:xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd
uREkfyfwkdY\uyÜwdef ? uREkfyfwkdY\acgif;aqmiftjzpfrSwf,lí olYxHrS
vrf;ñTefcsufukd&,lMuzdkYqifhac:xm;ygonf/ ]]avmuDenf;vrf;jzihf
atmifjrifaom}} omoemvkyfief;tajrmuftjrm;onf bk&m;ocif\
pD&ifjcif;ukd cHMu&ygvdrfhrnfhtaMumif;rSm 4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
OD;aqmifvrf;ñTefrIwGif tajcrcHbJ? vltBuHtpnfESihf
vlYaphaqmfrIrsm;wGif tajccHxm;MuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuBuD;tay:üvnf;aumif;? 4if;\
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;yrm &Sifoefae
xkdifMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\omoemvkyfief; (okdY) uREkfyfwkdY\ tapcH
rIrnfrQ ]]BuD;onf}} (okdY) ]]atmifjrifonf}} [laomtcsufü tajccHí
bk&m;ocifu uREfkfyfwkdYukdpD&ifrnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif
tay:üvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vrf;jyOD;aqmifrItay:üvnf;
aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; uREfkyfwkdYopöm&dS? r&SdwGiftajccHí
pD&ifygvdrfhrnf/
wwd,taejzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukdk,fukdavmu{nfhonfrsm;
tjzpf½Ijrif&efomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf&GHUaompdwfESihf&SifoefMu
&rnfjzpfonf/ aMumuf&GHU½kdaojcif;ukd pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUrIwpfckuJhokdY r½Ijrif
194 195
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oifhyg/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd raMumuf&GHUyg/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyf
onf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd cHxm;Mu&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þaMumuf&GHU
jcif;onf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; eufeufeJeJ
av;pm;MunfndKjcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;oif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ü avQmufvSrf;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyforQwkdif;ü olYukd*kPfBuD;
apMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þoefY&Sif;jrihfjrwfom bk&m;ocif\pD&ifjcif;
ukdcH&rnfhtaMumif;udk od&Sdxm;MuaomaMumihf olYukd*kPfjyKzkdYESihf auseyf
apzdkYtwGufom uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefMuonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yfukd bk&m;
ociftm; uREkfyfwkdYcspfjcif;? bk&m;ocifxHü ay;tyfjr§KyfEHSjcif;? uREkfyfwkdY
toufwmü bk&m;ociftm; *kPfBuD;apcsifonfh pdwfqE´&Sdjcif;ponf
wkdYu aphaqmfwGef;ykdYcJhMuygonf/
wrefawmfayw½ku tcef;i,f 18wGif uREkfyfwkdYudk azmufjyef
ysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;jzihf a&G;0,fcJhonfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfw&m;rSvnf;aumif;? ewf
qkd;xHrSvnf;aumif; u,fwif&efavmuDt&mrsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;onf þavmu\enf;vrf;rsm;r[kwfMuyg/ ol
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fpm; w&m;Oya'ukdausat;apcJhcsdefwGif a&TaiGwkdYukd
tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ þ&wem0wåKypönf;rsm;onf wjznf;jznf;aysmufysufoGm;
Muygvdrfhrnf/ u,fwifjcif;ukd þavmurSt&mrsm;ESihf 0,f,lír&yg/
þor®mw&m;\ ppfrSefjcif;ukdurÇmwpf0Srf;rSvl rsm;u oufaojycJhMu
ygonf/ csrf;omaomolrsm;onf qif;&Jom;rsm; uJhokdYyif tjypf'kp½kdufü
vrf;aysmufaeMuygonf/ aiGaMu;ESihfpnf;pdrfykdifqkdifrIrsm;onf
rnfolYukdrQtjypfaus;uRefrSvnf;aumif;? ynwfw&m;\usdefqJjcif;
tr*FvmrSvnf;aumif; rvGwfajrmufapEkdifyg/
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd 0,f,l&müavmuD
enf;pepfrsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukd a&TaiGtm;jzihfjyefí
a&G;0,fcJhonfr[kwfyg/ rdrd\tjypfuif;pifaomtoufwmjzihf a&G;0,fcJh
ygonf/ þonfrSm oefY&Sif;jrihfjrwfaombk&m;ocifvufcHrnfhwpfck
wnf;aomaiGaMu;pepfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf oGef;
avmif;cJhaom ocifc&pfawmf\aoG;wpfpufonf þurÇmay:&Sd pnf;pdrf
csrf;omtm;vkH;u rvkyfEkdifonfht&mukd txajrmufjynfhpkHapcJhygonf/
xkdtaoG;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrSmvnf;aumif;? ewfqkd;xHrSvnf;
aumif;? aojcif;rSvnf;aumif; u,fq,f&efvkHavmufrI&Sdygonf/
þtajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'oukd aemufwpfzef&Sif;jycGihfjyKyg/ ocif
a,½IuREkfyfwkdYukd u,fwif&müavmuDenf;pepfrsm; (okdY) avmuDypönf;
rsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ avmuDenf;pepfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGufu,f
wifjcif;ukd zefwD;ay;zkdY rvkHavmufMuyg/ tvm;wlyif? uREkfyfwkdYonf
þavmuDenf;pepfrsm;ESihfcGJí þurÇmay:wGif {nfhonfrsm;yrmaexkdif
&SifoefMuzdkY qifhac:jcif;cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd
tokH;jyKí trIawmfaqmif&rnf/ txuft&yfrS þenf;pepfrsm;onf
þavmuDom;rsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\Zmwdqefaom twå
pdwfxm;rsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? t"dyÜg,fr&SdMuyg/ bk&m;ocif\
enf;vrf;onf rSefuefíoltvkd&Sdaom toD;tyGihfukdoD;yGihfapvdrfhrnf[k
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;196 197
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
oifhyg/ uREkfyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd raMumuf&GHUyg/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyf
onf tjypfvTwfjcif;ukd cHxm;Mu&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þaMumuf&GHU
jcif;onf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; eufeufeJeJ
av;pm;MunfndKjcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;oif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ü avQmufvSrf;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyforQwkdif;ü olYukd*kPfBuD;
apMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þoefY&Sif;jrihfjrwfom bk&m;ocif\pD&ifjcif;
ukdcH&rnfhtaMumif;udk od&Sdxm;MuaomaMumihf olYukd*kPfjyKzkdYESihf auseyf
apzdkYtwGufom uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefMuonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yfukd bk&m;
ociftm; uREkfyfwkdYcspfjcif;? bk&m;ocifxHü ay;tyfjr§KyfEHSjcif;? uREkfyfwkdY
toufwmü bk&m;ociftm; *kPfBuD;apcsifonfh pdwfqE´&Sdjcif;ponf
wkdYu aphaqmfwGef;ykdYcJhMuygonf/
wrefawmfayw½ku tcef;i,f 18wGif uREkfyfwkdYudk azmufjyef
ysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;jzihf a&G;0,fcJhonfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfw&m;rSvnf;aumif;? ewf
qkd;xHrSvnf;aumif; u,fwif&efavmuDt&mrsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;onf þavmu\enf;vrf;rsm;r[kwfMuyg/ ol
onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fpm; w&m;Oya'ukdausat;apcJhcsdefwGif a&TaiGwkdYukd
tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ þ&wem0wåKypönf;rsm;onf wjznf;jznf;aysmufysufoGm;
Muygvdrfhrnf/ u,fwifjcif;ukd þavmurSt&mrsm;ESihf 0,f,lír&yg/
þor®mw&m;\ ppfrSefjcif;ukdurÇmwpf0Srf;rSvl rsm;u oufaojycJhMu
ygonf/ csrf;omaomolrsm;onf qif;&Jom;rsm; uJhokdYyif tjypf'kp½kdufü
vrf;aysmufaeMuygonf/ aiGaMu;ESihfpnf;pdrfykdifqkdifrIrsm;onf
rnfolYukdrQtjypfaus;uRefrSvnf;aumif;? ynwfw&m;\usdefqJjcif;
tr*FvmrSvnf;aumif; rvGwfajrmufapEkdifyg/
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ukd 0,f,l&müavmuD
enf;pepfrsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukd a&TaiGtm;jzihfjyefí
a&G;0,fcJhonfr[kwfyg/ rdrd\tjypfuif;pifaomtoufwmjzihf a&G;0,fcJh
ygonf/ þonfrSm oefY&Sif;jrihfjrwfaombk&m;ocifvufcHrnfhwpfck
wnf;aomaiGaMu;pepfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf oGef;
avmif;cJhaom ocifc&pfawmf\aoG;wpfpufonf þurÇmay:&Sd pnf;pdrf
csrf;omtm;vkH;u rvkyfEkdifonfht&mukd txajrmufjynfhpkHapcJhygonf/
xkdtaoG;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypfrSmvnf;aumif;? ewfqkd;xHrSvnf;
aumif;? aojcif;rSvnf;aumif; u,fq,f&efvkHavmufrI&Sdygonf/
þtajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'oukd aemufwpfzef&Sif;jycGihfjyKyg/ ocif
a,½IuREkfyfwkdYukd u,fwif&müavmuDenf;pepfrsm; (okdY) avmuDypönf;
rsm;ukd tokH;rjyKcJhyg/ avmuDenf;pepfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGufu,f
wifjcif;ukd zefwD;ay;zkdY rvkHavmufMuyg/ tvm;wlyif? uREkfyfwkdYonf
þavmuDenf;pepfrsm;ESihfcGJí þurÇmay:wGif {nfhonfrsm;yrmaexkdif
&SifoefMuzdkY qifhac:jcif;cH&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd
tokH;jyKí trIawmfaqmif&rnf/ txuft&yfrS þenf;pepfrsm;onf
þavmuDom;rsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\Zmwdqefaom twå
pdwfxm;rsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? t"dyÜg,fr&SdMuyg/ bk&m;ocif\
enf;vrf;onf rSefuefíoltvkd&Sdaom toD;tyGihfukdoD;yGihfapvdrfhrnf[k
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;196 197
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pdwfcsvQuf uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SUqufMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Siftjzpf
þurÇmBuD;ukd rzefqif;rDuyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYxm;cJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
today;xm;onf/ þavmuü tjypf'kp½kduf0ifa&mufrvmrDuyif
jyóem\tajzukd BudKwifxm;&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ tcsdef[laompuf,EÅ&m;
BuD;rvnfywfrDüyif ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Siftjzpfavmu
okdY qif;<uvm&ef a&G;cs,fcJhNyD;jzpfonf/
ESpfodrfhjcif;udkþtcsufrS&,lzdkYvkdtyfygonf/ vlYorkdif;&mZ0if
wpfckvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifuxdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd ol
axmufyHhay;xm;ygonf/ olYukdrnfonfht&murQ rtHhMoapyg/ oifonf
oifh&JUvuf&SdtajctaeukdMunfhí jyóem\tajzukd rnfonfhtcsdefü
&SmawGUvdrfhrnfenf;[k tHhMovQufar;aeygvdrfhrnf/ trSefqkd&vQif jyó
em\tajzrSm &SdESifhaeNyD;om;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oihf&JUjyóemukd
od&Sdaeygonf/ oifrarG;zGm;cifuyif oif&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfhjyóemukd
olodcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifEkdifaom rdrd\wefckd;
awmf\ tBuHtpnfwGif oifh&JUatmifjrifrItwGuf vkdtyfonfht&m
tm;vkH;ukday;urf;jyifqifay;xm;ygonf/ jyóem\tajzukd ,ckwGif
oifhxHü xkwfazmfjyojcif;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf apmifh
pm;aeyg/ bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif þt&mukdoihftm;
xkwfazmfjyoygvdrfhrnf/
tcsdef[laom,EÅ&m;BuD;rvnfywfrDüyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYjcif;cHcJh
&aom ocifa,½Itm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? ,kHMunfvmMuygonf(i,f
20)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;? bk&m;ocif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ukd rjrifEkdifcJhMuyg/ uREkfyfwdkY\pdwfonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtrSef
wu,fjzpfwnfrIrsm;ukd em;vnfzdkYrwwfpGrf;EkdifMuyg/ okdYaomf ]]þ
aemufqkH;aomumvwGif}} ocifa,½I<uqif;vmcJhNyD; u,fwifjcif;ukd
rdrd\taoG;awmfjzihf 0,f,lcJhonf/ (aemufqkH;aomumv[laom tokH;
tEIef;onf ocifa,½IyxrtBudrf <uqif;vmjcif;ESihf 'kwd,tBudrf
<uqif;vmjcif;Mum;&Sd ar&Sd,umvukd &nfñTef;onf)/ uREkfyfwkdY\
,kHMunfjcif;ESihf arQmfvifhjcif;onf þavmuBuD;ESihf4if;\ enf;vrf;rsm;
wGifr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIonf bk&m;ocifESihfocifa,½I
tm;jzihf olvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&müjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&SifuJhokdY
yif uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; aojcif;rSxajrmufí bkef;awmf0ifpm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f 21)/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þaus;Zl;awmfESihfrxkdufwefygaomfvnf; vufcH
&&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf ukd,hftzdkYomxdefcsefrxm;Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukd
touf&SifaomEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ESihf
uif;vGwfonfhtopfaom toufwmukd bk&m;ocifxHrSay;tyfjcif;cHMu
onf (i,f23)/ &Sifayw½k\ajymqkdcsuft& þtoufwmukd uREkfyf
wdkYwkefYjyef&rnfhenf;vrf;rSm tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufjzLpif
í ½kd;om;aompdwfESihf eufeufeJeJcspfMu&efjzpfonf (i,f 22)/ eufeuf
eJeJ (tm;BuD;aom) [laom pum;vkH;\wkduf½kduft"dyÜg,frSm ]]owfrSwf
twkdif;twmtxd qGJqefYjcif;}} [líjzpfonf/ þonfrSmBuD;rm;vSaom
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;198 199
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pdwfcsvQuf uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;jzihf a&SUqufMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Siftjzpf
þurÇmBuD;ukd rzefqif;rDuyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYxm;cJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
today;xm;onf/ þavmuü tjypf'kp½kduf0ifa&mufrvmrDuyif
jyóem\tajzukd BudKwifxm;&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ tcsdef[laompuf,EÅ&m;
BuD;rvnfywfrDüyif ocifa,½Iukd uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&Siftjzpfavmu
okdY qif;<uvm&ef a&G;cs,fcJhNyD;jzpfonf/
ESpfodrfhjcif;udkþtcsufrS&,lzdkYvkdtyfygonf/ vlYorkdif;&mZ0if
wpfckvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifuxdef;csKyfxm;ygonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd ol
axmufyHhay;xm;ygonf/ olYukdrnfonfht&murQ rtHhMoapyg/ oifonf
oifh&JUvuf&SdtajctaeukdMunfhí jyóem\tajzukd rnfonfhtcsdefü
&SmawGUvdrfhrnfenf;[k tHhMovQufar;aeygvdrfhrnf/ trSefqkd&vQif jyó
em\tajzrSm &SdESifhaeNyD;om;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oihf&JUjyóemukd
od&Sdaeygonf/ oifrarG;zGm;cifuyif oif&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfhjyóemukd
olodcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifEkdifaom rdrd\wefckd;
awmf\ tBuHtpnfwGif oifh&JUatmifjrifrItwGuf vkdtyfonfht&m
tm;vkH;ukday;urf;jyifqifay;xm;ygonf/ jyóem\tajzukd ,ckwGif
oifhxHü xkwfazmfjyojcif;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf apmifh
pm;aeyg/ bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif þt&mukdoihftm;
xkwfazmfjyoygvdrfhrnf/
tcsdef[laom,EÅ&m;BuD;rvnfywfrDüyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYjcif;cHcJh
&aom ocifa,½Itm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;? ,kHMunfvmMuygonf(i,f
20)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfqkdifaomt&mrsm;? bk&m;ocif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ukd rjrifEkdifcJhMuyg/ uREkfyfwdkY\pdwfonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtrSef
wu,fjzpfwnfrIrsm;ukd em;vnfzdkYrwwfpGrf;EkdifMuyg/ okdYaomf ]]þ
aemufqkH;aomumvwGif}} ocifa,½I<uqif;vmcJhNyD; u,fwifjcif;ukd
rdrd\taoG;awmfjzihf 0,f,lcJhonf/ (aemufqkH;aomumv[laom tokH;
tEIef;onf ocifa,½IyxrtBudrf <uqif;vmjcif;ESihf 'kwd,tBudrf
<uqif;vmjcif;Mum;&Sd ar&Sd,umvukd &nfñTef;onf)/ uREkfyfwkdY\
,kHMunfjcif;ESihf arQmfvifhjcif;onf þavmuBuD;ESihf4if;\ enf;vrf;rsm;
wGifr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIonf bk&m;ocifESihfocifa,½I
tm;jzihf olvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&müjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwif&SifuJhokdY
yif uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; aojcif;rSxajrmufí bkef;awmf0ifpm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f 21)/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þaus;Zl;awmfESihfrxkdufwefygaomfvnf; vufcH
&&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf ukd,hftzdkYomxdefcsefrxm;Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukd
touf&SifaomEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ESihf
uif;vGwfonfhtopfaom toufwmukd bk&m;ocifxHrSay;tyfjcif;cHMu
onf (i,f23)/ &Sifayw½k\ajymqkdcsuft& þtoufwmukd uREkfyf
wdkYwkefYjyef&rnfhenf;vrf;rSm tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufjzLpif
í ½kd;om;aompdwfESihf eufeufeJeJcspfMu&efjzpfonf (i,f 22)/ eufeuf
eJeJ (tm;BuD;aom) [laom pum;vkH;\wkduf½kduft"dyÜg,frSm ]]owfrSwf
twkdif;twmtxd qGJqefYjcif;}} [líjzpfonf/ þonfrSmBuD;rm;vSaom
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;198 199
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf oihfwifhavsmufywfrI&Sdaom wkefYjyefrI
wpfckjzpfNyD;? uREkfyfwkdY\b0wl,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sd&rnfh wm0ef
wpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ xkduJhokdYaom arQmfvifhcsufukd&Sdxm;í tjypfvTwf
jcif;ukd cHxm;MuaomuREkfyfwkdYonf tvm;wlcspfjcif;arwåmukd uREkfyfwkdY\
nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;xHü oufaojy&efukd,fhukd,fukd owfrSwftwkdif;
twmxd qGJqefYMu&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYzGm;jrifonfhaeYrSpí touft&G,fBuD;&ifhjcif;jzpfpOfukd
uREkffyfwkdYpwifcJhMuNyD;? uREkfyfwdkYtm;vkH;onf aojcif;w&m;ukd&ifqkdifMu&
ygrnf/ þavmuESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf ,aeYüzl;yGihfíreuf
jzefwGif n§dK;EGrf;ajcmufaoGUoGm;aom jrufyif(okdY) yef;ESihfwlonf(i,f
24)/ þavmu\ bkef;toa&onf ,m,Dacwåomjzpfí ajcmufaoGU
vGifhaysmufoGm;Muygonf/ okdYaomfxm0&tNrJwrf; wnfwHhaomt&m
wpfck&SdaMumif;ukd &Sifayw½kuuREkfyfwkdYtm; today;xm;ygonf/ bk&;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf b,faomtcgwGifrQ ajymif;vJrnfr[kwf
yg/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aom uwdawmfrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif
\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf tcsdefem&DwkdYukd BuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifEkdifpGrf;&SdMuonf/
þEIwfuywfawmfonf ,m,Doabmaqmifaom þavmuüuREkfyf
wdkY\vrf;jyjzpfonf/ þEIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfukd;pm;Mu
aomaMumifh þavmuü{nfhonfrsm;yrm &SifoefMuonf/ okdYaomf
uRekfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rSm bk&m;ocifay:üvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; opöm&Sd&efjzpfonf/ rnfonfhtzkd;
tcrsm;ukday;qyf&ygap uREkfyfwkdY\tm;&auseyfrI&Sdaomt&mrSm emcH
jcif;ü&Sifoef avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þEIwfuywfawmf
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
wGif BuD;rm;aomarQmfvihfcsufESihf aumif;BuD;r*FvmwkdYukd awGUjrif&
ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuürnfokdYjzihf {nfhonfjzpfMuoenf;/
txl;ojzihfrnfonfht&mu uREkfyfwkdYukdxl;jcm;aeapygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;u oihfukdu,fwifcJhonfhtcsdefrSpí oifrnfodkY
ajymif;vJcJhygoenf;/
avmuDtawG;tjrifrsm;tm;jzifh ocifbk&m;xHütapcHzdkY &SmBuH
jcif;onfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlYtpGrf;tpjzihf BuD;rm;
aomomoemvkyfief;rsm;ukd wnfaqmufEkdifygovm;/ avmuD
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:ü {nfhonftjzpfESihf bk&m;ocifxHütapcH
jcif;\ qkdvkd&if;utb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomaMumifh
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf wpfOD;ay:wpfOD;xm;&Sd&rnfh wm0ef0wå
&m;taMumif;ukd &Sifayw½ku rnfodkYajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf oihf&JUqufqH&if;ESD;rIu bk&m;ocifxHrS
oihfvufcH&&Sdxm;aom arQmfvihfcsufESihfcspfjcif;arwåmukd rnfokdY
xif[yfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;ay;cJhaom u,fwifjcif;uoihfukdvufawGUajymif;vJ
200 201
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf oihfwifhavsmufywfrI&Sdaom wkefYjyefrI
wpfckjzpfNyD;? uREkfyfwkdY\b0wl,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü xm;&Sd&rnfh wm0ef
wpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ xkduJhokdYaom arQmfvifhcsufukd&Sdxm;í tjypfvTwf
jcif;ukd cHxm;MuaomuREkfyfwkdYonf tvm;wlcspfjcif;arwåmukd uREkfyfwkdY\
nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;xHü oufaojy&efukd,fhukd,fukd owfrSwftwkdif;
twmxd qGJqefYMu&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYzGm;jrifonfhaeYrSpí touft&G,fBuD;&ifhjcif;jzpfpOfukd
uREkffyfwkdYpwifcJhMuNyD;? uREkfyfwdkYtm;vkH;onf aojcif;w&m;ukd&ifqkdifMu&
ygrnf/ þavmuESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf ,aeYüzl;yGihfíreuf
jzefwGif n§dK;EGrf;ajcmufaoGUoGm;aom jrufyif(okdY) yef;ESihfwlonf(i,f
24)/ þavmu\ bkef;toa&onf ,m,Dacwåomjzpfí ajcmufaoGU
vGifhaysmufoGm;Muygonf/ okdYaomfxm0&tNrJwrf; wnfwHhaomt&m
wpfck&SdaMumif;ukd &Sifayw½kuuREkfyfwkdYtm; today;xm;ygonf/ bk&;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf b,faomtcgwGifrQ ajymif;vJrnfr[kwf
yg/ bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aom uwdawmfrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif
\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf tcsdefem&DwkdYukd BuHUBuHUcH&ifqkdifEkdifpGrf;&SdMuonf/
þEIwfuywfawmfonf ,m,Doabmaqmifaom þavmuüuREkfyf
wdkY\vrf;jyjzpfonf/ þEIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfukd;pm;Mu
aomaMumifh þavmuü{nfhonfrsm;yrm &SifoefMuonf/ okdYaomf
uRekfyfwkdY\ pdwfqE´rSm bk&m;ocifay:üvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif; opöm&Sd&efjzpfonf/ rnfonfhtzkd;
tcrsm;ukday;qyf&ygap uREkfyfwkdY\tm;&auseyfrI&Sdaomt&mrSm emcH
jcif;ü&Sifoef avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þEIwfuywfawmf
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaomt&mrsm;
wGif BuD;rm;aomarQmfvihfcsufESihf aumif;BuD;r*FvmwkdYukd awGUjrif&
ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuürnfokdYjzihf {nfhonfjzpfMuoenf;/
txl;ojzihfrnfonfht&mu uREkfyfwkdYukdxl;jcm;aeapygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;u oihfukdu,fwifcJhonfhtcsdefrSpí oifrnfodkY
ajymif;vJcJhygoenf;/
avmuDtawG;tjrifrsm;tm;jzifh ocifbk&m;xHütapcHzdkY &SmBuH
jcif;onfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlYtpGrf;tpjzihf BuD;rm;
aomomoemvkyfief;rsm;ukd wnfaqmufEkdifygovm;/ avmuD
enf;vrf;rsm;tay:ü {nfhonftjzpfESihf bk&m;ocifxHütapcH
jcif;\ qkdvkd&if;utb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomaMumifh
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf wpfOD;ay:wpfOD;xm;&Sd&rnfh wm0ef0wå
&m;taMumif;ukd &Sifayw½ku rnfodkYajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;ESihf oihf&JUqufqH&if;ESD;rIu bk&m;ocifxHrS
oihfvufcH&&Sdxm;aom arQmfvihfcsufESihfcspfjcif;arwåmukd rnfokdY
xif[yfaeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;ay;cJhaom u,fwifjcif;uoihfukdvufawGUajymif;vJ
200 201
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
cJhonfh enf;vrf;twGufaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þavmu\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd oihfxHrScRwfcsypfzkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuESihf4if;\enf;vrf;rs;tay:ü{nfh
onfwpfa,muftjzpfESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfESihf 0dnmOfawmfukd emcHvkdufavQmufaomoltjzpfESihf
vnf;aumif; &Sifoef&efulnDrpzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
t&m&mwkdif;ukd bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzihf vkyfaqmif&ef ykdí
eufeJaompdwfoabmukday;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuD
enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;wkdY\uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
ukd odjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
2222
2222
22
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
1 ay 2;1-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkYonfocif
a,½I\jrwfaomtaoG;awmfjzihf a&G;0,fcJhí? b,faomtcgwGifrQ
azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;r&Sdaom EkdifiHawmfxJodkY aqmif,ljcif;cHxm;&aom
olrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd today;aecJhygonf/ þtHhzG,for®mw&m;aMumifh
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY
pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuí?
ukd,fawmf&Sif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfESihf toufwmukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fpGm
aexkdifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh wpfzefzGm;jrifjcif;ukd cH&aom
olwkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukdvnf; &Sifayw½kuuREkfyfwkdYukd today;xm;
onf/ bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&maMumifh trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm;
ukdjyKvkyfMuzkdY ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:xm;onf/
yxrtaejzihf tcef;i,f 1 wGif olwkdYonftoufwmrS trsKd;
rsKd;aomremvkdjcif;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif; owdjyKyg/ ]]remvkdjcif;}}
[laompum;vkH;onf ,kwfnHhaompdwf (okdY) wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd xdckduf
epfemapvkdaom (okdY) tEÅ&m,fay;vkdaom pdwfqE´ukd &nfñTef;onf/
202
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
cJhonfh enf;vrf;twGufaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þavmu\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd oihfxHrScRwfcsypfzkdY ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuESihf4if;\enf;vrf;rs;tay:ü{nfh
onfwpfa,muftjzpfESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfESihf 0dnmOfawmfukd emcHvkdufavQmufaomoltjzpfESihf
vnf;aumif; &Sifoef&efulnDrpzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
t&m&mwkdif;ukd bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzihf vkyfaqmif&ef ykdí
eufeJaompdwfoabmukday;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ þavmuD
enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;wkdY\uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf
ukd odjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
2222
2222
22
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
1 ay 2;1-8 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; 4if;wdkYonfocif
a,½I\jrwfaomtaoG;awmfjzihf a&G;0,fcJhí? b,faomtcgwGifrQ
azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;r&Sdaom EkdifiHawmfxJodkY aqmif,ljcif;cHxm;&aom
olrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd today;aecJhygonf/ þtHhzG,for®mw&m;aMumifh
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY
pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuí?
ukd,fawmf&Sif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfESihf toufwmukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,fpGm
aexkdifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh wpfzefzGm;jrifjcif;ukd cH&aom
olwkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukdvnf; &Sifayw½kuuREkfyfwkdYukd today;xm;
onf/ bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&maMumifh trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm;
ukdjyKvkyfMuzkdY ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:xm;onf/
yxrtaejzihf tcef;i,f 1 wGif olwkdYonftoufwmrS trsKd;
rsKd;aomremvkdjcif;ukd z,f&Sm;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif; owdjyKyg/ ]]remvkdjcif;}}
[laompum;vkH;onf ,kwfnHhaompdwf (okdY) wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd xdckduf
epfemapvkdaom (okdY) tEÅ&m,fay;vkdaom pdwfqE´ukd &nfñTef;onf/
202
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYtay:üjyKvkyfusL;vGefcJhaom t&mrsm;twGufolwkdYvnf; 'ku©
a&mufrnfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifvkdjcif;vnf;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavQmuf uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdY
twGufjyKvkyfoGm;cJhaomt&mukd owd&ae&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolrsm;
jzpfMupOfwGifyif? ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtoufukdpaw;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf
ukdcGihfvTwfay;cJhonf/ xkdokdYcGifhvTwfjcif;ukd cH&aomuREkfyfwkdYonfvnf;
rauseyfcsufrsm;ukd ab;z,fxm;í tjcm;olrsm;ukdcGihfvTwfay;zkdY vdkvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/ ,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;xJwGif trsKd;rsKd;aomtrsuf
xGufjcif; (okdY) vufpm;acsjcif;twGuf ae&mr&Sdyg/ þt&monf avmuD
enf;vrf;jzpfaumif;jzpfaeEkdifaomfvnf;? uREkfyfwkdYrSmrl ocifa,½Iu
cGihfvTwfay;cJhouJhokdY tjcm;olrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;wwfzkdYoif,l&ef vdktyf
onf/
,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;rS oefYpifz,f&Sm;zdkY vdktyfonfh'kwd,t&m
rSmvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf vQdKU0Sufjcif; (tajymESihftvkyfrnDñGwfjcif;)wkdYjzpfonf
[k&Sifayw½kuajymxm;onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf teD;tem;ywf0ef;usif
rSvlrsm;ESihfqufqH&mwGif ½kd;om;rI&SdMu&rnf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf ½kd;om;
ajzmifhrwfí opöm&Sdum[efaqmifrIuif;aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ ,kHMunf
olwpfOD;\EIwfxGufpum;onf ,kHMunftm;ukd;xkduf&rnf/ vlwkdYuuREkfyf
wdkYajymqkdaomt&mukd ,kHMunftm;xm;Ekdifí xkdpum;vkH;rsm;onf pdwfcs
&aompum;vkH;rsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd odxm;Mu&rnf/ odkYaomfr½kd;om;jcif;
ESihf vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;wdkYonf þavmuwGifomrefawGUaeus?
jzpfaeust&mrsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ okdYaomf ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þenf;
vrf;rsm;tay:ü{nfhonfjzpfonf/ olonfrSDckdtm;xm;í&NyD; ajymqkd
aom pum;vkH;rsm;rSmvnf; ,kHMunfukd;pm;í&ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolwkdYtm; jiLpljcif;? uJh&JUjcif;tm;vkH;ukdvnf;
z,f&Sm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ jiLpljcif;onf bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwkdYukd ay;
xm;onfht&mESihf auseyfaernfhtpm;uREkfyfwkdYtdrfeD;csif;ykdifqkdif aom
t&mukd &&Sdydkifqdkifvdkonfhremvkdawmifhwpdwfwpfckjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol
rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;ykdifqkdifaomt&mukd Munfhaernfhtpm;? uREkfyfwkdYt
oufwmtwGuf bk&m;ocifuxl;xl;jcm;jcm;yhHykd;ay;xm;onfht&mESihf
wif;wdrfa&mifh&JwwfzkdYoif,l&rnf/ jiLpljcif;onf rmefrmewGiftajcwnf
xm;NyD;? tjcm;olykdifqkdifaomt&mukd rykdifqkdif&rcsif; auseyfwif;wdrf
rnfr[kwfyg/ jiLpljcif;ESihfremvkd0efwkdjcif;onf tjcm;tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
ukdpkdufysKd;BuD;xGm;apEdkifonfh tqDtESpfjynfhaomajrjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½k
uuREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm þtjypf'kp½kdufukd
]]y,f&Sm;}} Mu&ef today;xm;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf þuJh
okdYaomtjypf'kp½kdufukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrSz,f&Sm;íta0;okdY vTihf
ypf&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tjypf'kp½kdufukdtav;teuf
xm;MuzdkY pdefac:xm;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufESihfywfouf
vmvQif tpGef;a&muf0g'Drsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ tjypf'kp½kduf\wefckd;ukd
½dkufcsKd;í 4if;ukd,kHMunfol\toufwmü tjrpfwG,fcGihfjyK&rnfr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypf'kp½kduf\ wefckd;rSvGwfajrmufapzdkY ocifa,½ItaocHcJh
ygonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukd vkyfykdifcGihfwefckd;tmPmESihftwl uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfoabmobm0tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukday;&ef rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJü xnfhxm;ay;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
204 205
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYtay:üjyKvkyfusL;vGefcJhaom t&mrsm;twGufolwkdYvnf; 'ku©
a&mufrnfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifvkdjcif;vnf;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavQmuf uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdY
twGufjyKvkyfoGm;cJhaomt&mukd owd&ae&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf &efolrsm;
jzpfMupOfwGifyif? ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtoufukdpaw;í uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf
ukdcGihfvTwfay;cJhonf/ xkdokdYcGifhvTwfjcif;ukd cH&aomuREkfyfwkdYonfvnf;
rauseyfcsufrsm;ukd ab;z,fxm;í tjcm;olrsm;ukdcGihfvTwfay;zkdY vdkvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/ ,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;xJwGif trsKd;rsKd;aomtrsuf
xGufjcif; (okdY) vufpm;acsjcif;twGuf ae&mr&Sdyg/ þt&monf avmuD
enf;vrf;jzpfaumif;jzpfaeEkdifaomfvnf;? uREkfyfwkdYrSmrl ocifa,½Iu
cGihfvTwfay;cJhouJhokdY tjcm;olrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfay;wwfzkdYoif,l&ef vdktyf
onf/
,kHMunfol\pdwfESvkH;rS oefYpifz,f&Sm;zdkY vdktyfonfh'kwd,t&m
rSmvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihf vQdKU0Sufjcif; (tajymESihftvkyfrnDñGwfjcif;)wkdYjzpfonf
[k&Sifayw½kuajymxm;onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf teD;tem;ywf0ef;usif
rSvlrsm;ESihfqufqH&mwGif ½kd;om;rI&SdMu&rnf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf ½kd;om;
ajzmifhrwfí opöm&Sdum[efaqmifrIuif;aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ ,kHMunf
olwpfOD;\EIwfxGufpum;onf ,kHMunftm;ukd;xkduf&rnf/ vlwkdYuuREkfyf
wdkYajymqkdaomt&mukd ,kHMunftm;xm;Ekdifí xkdpum;vkH;rsm;onf pdwfcs
&aompum;vkH;rsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd odxm;Mu&rnf/ odkYaomfr½kd;om;jcif;
ESihf vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;wdkYonf þavmuwGifomrefawGUaeus?
jzpfaeust&mrsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ okdYaomf ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þenf;
vrf;rsm;tay:ü{nfhonfjzpfonf/ olonfrSDckdtm;xm;í&NyD; ajymqkd
aom pum;vkH;rsm;rSmvnf; ,kHMunfukd;pm;í&ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolwkdYtm; jiLpljcif;? uJh&JUjcif;tm;vkH;ukdvnf;
z,f&Sm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ jiLpljcif;onf bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwkdYukd ay;
xm;onfht&mESihf auseyfaernfhtpm;uREkfyfwkdYtdrfeD;csif;ykdifqkdif aom
t&mukd &&Sdydkifqdkifvdkonfhremvkdawmifhwpdwfwpfckjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol
rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;ykdifqkdifaomt&mukd Munfhaernfhtpm;? uREkfyfwkdYt
oufwmtwGuf bk&m;ocifuxl;xl;jcm;jcm;yhHykd;ay;xm;onfht&mESihf
wif;wdrfa&mifh&JwwfzkdYoif,l&rnf/ jiLpljcif;onf rmefrmewGiftajcwnf
xm;NyD;? tjcm;olykdifqkdifaomt&mukd rykdifqkdif&rcsif; auseyfwif;wdrf
rnfr[kwfyg/ jiLpljcif;ESihfremvkd0efwkdjcif;onf tjcm;tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
ukdpkdufysKd;BuD;xGm;apEdkifonfh tqDtESpfjynfhaomajrjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½k
uuREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm þtjypf'kp½kdufukd
]]y,f&Sm;}} Mu&ef today;xm;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf þuJh
okdYaomtjypf'kp½kdufukd uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrSz,f&Sm;íta0;okdY vTihf
ypf&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tjypf'kp½kdufukdtav;teuf
xm;MuzdkY pdefac:xm;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufESihfywfouf
vmvQif tpGef;a&muf0g'Drsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ tjypf'kp½kduf\wefckd;ukd
½dkufcsKd;í 4if;ukd,kHMunfol\toufwmü tjrpfwG,fcGihfjyK&rnfr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypf'kp½kduf\ wefckd;rSvGwfajrmufapzdkY ocifa,½ItaocHcJh
ygonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukd vkyfykdifcGihfwefckd;tmPmESihftwl uREkfyfwkdY\
tjypfoabmobm0tay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukday;&ef rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJü xnfhxm;ay;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf
204 205
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
jyKvkyfcJhaom þtrIawmfukdtav;teufxm;aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\
ocifukd pdwfrauseyfapaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd toufwmrSz,f&Sm;zkdY
vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm; topfaomzGm;jrifjcif;ukd awGUBuHK
cHpm;&aomolrsm;onf arG;uif;puav;oli,fuJhokdY oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
a&;&mEkdYppfukd awmifhwrufarmMu&rnf(i,f 2)/ ]]awmifhwrufarmjcif;}}
(tvGefvkdcsifaompdwf&Sdjcif;)[k bmomjyefxm;aom *&dpum;vkH;\
t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tvGeftrif;jyif;jyif;jyjyawmifhwjcif;}}[líjzpfonf/
EkdYqmíikda<u;aeaom arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;jzpfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;
awGUBuHKzl;Muyg onf/ arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;qmavmifaomtcgwGif
4if;wkdY\pdwfxJ wGif EkdYpkdYzkdYrSwpfyg; tjcm;t&mr&Sdyg/ olwkdY\toufwm
onf þt&mwpfckwnf;ukd A[kdjyKívnfywf&Sifoefaeygonf/ tjcm;
rnfonfht&mrQ olwkdYtwGufta&;rBuD;yg/ ,kHMunfolwkdYonfvnf;
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftay: üþuJhodkYaomawmif;wrIrsKd;
&SdMu&ygrnf/
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf þqmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;om;xJü xnfhay;ygvdrfhrnf/ þEIwfuywfawmftm;
jzihfom uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IüBuD;xGm;&ifhusufMu&ygonf/ or®m
usrf;pmukd zwf½IavhvmíemcHvkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYonfocif
a,½IESihf xkdocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdodvm&ygonf/ EIwfuywfawmf
udk uREkfyfwdkYawmifhwjcif;onf A[kokw&&SdzkdYtwGuf oufoufr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\awmifhwjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmfukd awmifhwjcif;jzpfí
xkdc&pfawmfukd eufeufeJeJoduRrf;&if;ESD;vmzdkY awmifhwjcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdocifa,½IxHokdYykdYaqmif
ay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ EIwfuwyfawmfukd emcHvkdufavQmufonfESihftrQ
u,fwifjcif;tm;jzihf tpjyKcJhaom uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIrSmvnf;
wkd;wufBuD;xGm;vmygonf/ arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;u EkdYukdawmifhw
MuouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; EIwfuywfawmfukdawmifhwMu&rnf/
xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwfauseyfrIay;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm
uREkfyfwkdYukdocifa,½IqDokdY ñTefjyay;aomaMumihfjzpfonf/ xkdEIwfuywf
awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;í aumif;BuD;vnf;ay;ygonf/
taMumif;rSm 4if;onfuREkfyfwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmfukdvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdaom xkdc&pfawmf\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdvnf;
aumif; jyoay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xkdEIwfuywfawmf\ rGefjrwfaom
tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;\ tBuHjyKjcif;ESifh ESpfodrfhjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
cHMu&onfESihftrQ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdb0t"dyÜg,fESihf
b0OD;wnfcsufrsm;ukday;ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYonftouf&Sif
aomausmufrsufukd oduRrf;vmcJhMuNyDjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf(i,f
4)/ ausmufonfwnfNidrfrIESihf cGeftm;ukdukd,fpm;jyKonf/ ocifa,½I
onfuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf þuJhokdYyifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;enf;aeaom
tajctaewGif uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fawmfückdvIHp&mukd &SmawGUMuonf/
b0rkefwkdif;xefcsdefwGif olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ausmufjzpfonf/ olonf
tjypf'kp½kdufukdpD&ifrnfhbk&m;ocif\aMumufrufzG,faom trsufawmfrS
uREkfyfwkdY\tuG,ftumjzpfonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukd
wnfaqmufxm;&m uREkfyfwkdY\ckdifcHhNrJNrHaomtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;206 207
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
jyKvkyfcJhaom þtrIawmfukdtav;teufxm;aomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\
ocifukd pdwfrauseyfapaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd toufwmrSz,f&Sm;zkdY
vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm; topfaomzGm;jrifjcif;ukd awGUBuHK
cHpm;&aomolrsm;onf arG;uif;puav;oli,fuJhokdY oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
a&;&mEkdYppfukd awmifhwrufarmMu&rnf(i,f 2)/ ]]awmifhwrufarmjcif;}}
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touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;206 207
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touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;208 209
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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ausmufrsufukdcscif;vdrfhrnf[k ya&mzufjyKcJhonf/ xkdausmufrsufonf
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;208 209
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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olonfuREkfyfwkdYtm; b0&nf&G,fcsufukday;onf/ &Sifayw½k\ajymqkd
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pD&ifjcif;ukd awGU&SdcJhMuonf/
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touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;210 211
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twGuftvGefwefzkd;BuD;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ckdvIH&mESihf arQmfvifhcsufjzpf
onf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ wnfNidrfjcif;ESihftajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/
olonfuREkfyfwkdYtm; b0&nf&G,fcsufukday;onf/ &Sifayw½k\ajymqkd
xm;csuft&? jiif;y,fjcif;cH&aomausmufonf txG#ftjrwfausmuf[l
aomtaqmuftOD;\aemufqkH;ydwf ausmufjzpfvmcJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm
ocifa,½Ionf yxrESihfaemufqkH;ausmufrsufjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iukd
jiif;y,faomolrsm;onf þausmufrsufaMumifh cvkwfwkdufvJuscJhMu
ygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm ocifa,½I\acwfumvrS bmoma&;acgif;
aqmifrsm;ü jzpfysufcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ ynmt&nftcsif;r&Sdaom
vlxkBuD;u ocifc&pfawmfxHokdY vmMupOfwGif 0dnmOfa&;&m acgif;
aqmifrsm;rSm ocifc&pfawmfukd cvkwfwkdufrdívJuscJhMuonf/ tcsKdU
aomolrsm;u u,fwifjcif;ukd&SmawGU&SdcsdefwGif tcsKdUrSmaojcif;ESihfw&m;
pD&ifjcif;ukd awGU&SdcJhMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½ku ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcHaomolrsm;tm;
remvkdjcif;? vSnfhjzm;jcif;? jiLpljcif;? uJh&JUjcif;wkdYESihfuif;vGwfMu
zdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ þtjypfrsm; oihftoufwmü&Sdygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd EkdYESihfrnfokdYckdif;EIdif;ygoenf;/
&Sifayw½k\ajymqkdcsuft&? c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd ukd,ft*Fg
wpfckpDonf touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\EkdifiHawmf&Sd oifh&JUtcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
ocifc&pfawmftm; touf&Sifaomausmufrsuftjzpf ykHazmf
xm;jcif;onf oihftm;rnfonfht"dyÜg,fukday;ygoenf;/
olonf oihftwGufausmufrsufwpfyg; rnfokdYjzpfaeygoenf;/
touf&Sifaomausmufrsufrsm;210 211
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
EIwfuywfawmftwGufvnf;aumif;? xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf
oihftm; ocifa,½IukdñTefjyay;onfhtwGufvnf;aumif; ocif
bk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdEIwfuywfawmftwGuf oihf&JU
pdwfqE´rsm;ukd jyif;jyapzkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifaumif;jrwfjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ wdwdususajymyg/
oihftoufwmü tjcm;olrsm;ukd vkdtyfaMumif;odjrifem;vnf
onftxd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcs&ef ulnDrpay;zdkY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ulnDjznfhqnf;
ay;&müvnf; ulnDrpay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m&Sdoihf&JUtcef;u@ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;
vif;xkwfazmfjyoay;zdkY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifoifhtwGuf uG,fum&mausmuf? ckdvIH&mausmufjzpf
awmfrlonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ocifa,½Iüoifonf
pdwfcsrI&SdouJhokdY vkHNcHKrI&SdEkdifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
2323
2323
23
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
1 ay 2;9-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; ocifa,½IESihf
4if;wkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIaMumifh tcGihfxl;cH&yfwnfrItajctaeukd quf
vufíwifjyxm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þ
tarSmifavmuüaexkdifpOfwGif &Sifbk&ifBuD;\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f
&Sifoef aexkdifMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 9 t& ,kHMunfolrsm;onf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHxm;&aom
vlrsKd;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ þa&G;cs,frIonf enf;vrf;ESpfoG,fjzihf
xif&Sm;aeygonf/ yxrrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\&efolrsm;jzpfMuaom
uREkfyfwkdYu,fwif&ef u½kPmawmfvufjzihf qefYwef;zrf;qkyfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwkdY\ rmausmaomESvkH;om;rsm;ukd cGJacsítvkd
awmfukd 0efcH&efjzpfapcJhonf/ 'kwd,rSm bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYukd u,f
wif&eftwGufom a&G;aumufcJhonfr[kwf? rdrd\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGif&mü
tokH;jyKzkdY uREkfyfwkYdukda&G;aumufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukduREkfyfwkdYtxJüoGwfoGif;í uREkfyfwkdYtm;
tHhzG,f0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukday;cJhygonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY
onf þurÇmay:übk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; csJUxGif&mwGif 4if;wkdYukd
212
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
EIwfuywfawmftwGufvnf;aumif;? xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf
oihftm; ocifa,½IukdñTefjyay;onfhtwGufvnf;aumif; ocif
bk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdEIwfuywfawmftwGuf oihf&JU
pdwfqE´rsm;ukd jyif;jyapzkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifaumif;jrwfjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ wdwdususajymyg/
oihftoufwmü tjcm;olrsm;ukd vkdtyfaMumif;odjrifem;vnf
onftxd pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcs&ef ulnDrpay;zdkY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ tjcm;olrsm;\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ulnDjznfhqnf;
ay;&müvnf; ulnDrpay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨m&Sdoihf&JUtcef;u@ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;
vif;xkwfazmfjyoay;zdkY bk&m;ocifukd awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifoifhtwGuf uG,fum&mausmuf? ckdvIH&mausmufjzpf
awmfrlonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ocifa,½Iüoifonf
pdwfcsrI&SdouJhokdY vkHNcHKrI&SdEkdifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
2323
2323
23
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
1 ay 2;9-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; ocifa,½IESihf
4if;wkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIaMumifh tcGihfxl;cH&yfwnfrItajctaeukd quf
vufíwifjyxm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þ
tarSmifavmuüaexkdifpOfwGif &Sifbk&ifBuD;\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f
&Sifoef aexkdifMu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 9 t& ,kHMunfolrsm;onf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHxm;&aom
vlrsKd;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ þa&G;cs,frIonf enf;vrf;ESpfoG,fjzihf
xif&Sm;aeygonf/ yxrrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\&efolrsm;jzpfMuaom
uREkfyfwkdYu,fwif&ef u½kPmawmfvufjzihf qefYwef;zrf;qkyfcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwkdY\ rmausmaomESvkH;om;rsm;ukd cGJacsítvkd
awmfukd 0efcH&efjzpfapcJhonf/ 'kwd,rSm bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYukd u,f
wif&eftwGufom a&G;aumufcJhonfr[kwf? rdrd\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGif&mü
tokH;jyKzkdY uREkfyfwkYdukda&G;aumufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukduREkfyfwkdYtxJüoGwfoGif;í uREkfyfwkdYtm;
tHhzG,f0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukday;cJhygonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY
onf þurÇmay:übk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; csJUxGif&mwGif 4if;wkdYukd
212
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif {nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
tokH;jyK EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½kuqufvufí bk&m;ocifonf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfzefwD;cJhaMumif;ajymcJh
onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif ,Zfya&m[dwfqkdonfrSm vlwkdYukdbk&m;ocif
\ rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY ac:aqmifoGm;&aomoljzpfonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifu a&G;aumufxm;aomoljzpfNyD;? þavmuü bk&m;ocif\
a&G;aumufjcif;cH ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/ xkduJhokdYaom ,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;
tjzpf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd qifhac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
oifESihfuREkfyfukd olY&JUudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufcJhonf/ vlwkdYukd
rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY OD;aqmifoGm;&ef bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd tcGihf
xl;ay;xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuüolYukd ukd,fpm;jyKxm;MuNyD;?
emrawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdY\teD;ywf0ef;usifrS vlwkdYukdtrItauR;jyKMu
ygonf/ teEÅwefckd;&Sifvnf;jzpf? þpMuF0XmBuD;ukd zefqif;olvnf;
jzpfaomol\ ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf&Sdae&jcif;onf tvGef*kPf,lp&m
r[kwfygvm;/
xkdaemufwGif wrefawmfBuD;u ,kHMunfolwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom
vlrsKd;jzpfMuonf[k azmfjycJhonf (xGufajrmuf 19;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocif
a,½I\trIawmfü uREkfyfwkdYwnf;om&Sdonfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukdrdom;pkBuD;wpfckxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;yHhykd;ulnDí wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;*½kpkduf apmifha&SmufMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;&Sd uREkfyfwkdY
\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ykdifqkdifaom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd jznfhqnf;
ay;Muonf/ þoefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif
\ xl;uJaumif;jrwfjcif;ukd today;a<u;aMumf&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\csD;rGrf;axmremukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&rnf/ taMumif;rSm
olonfuREkfyfwkdYudktjypf'kp½kduf\arSmifrkdufxJrS rdrd\tvif;awmfxJqDokdY
ac:xkwfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; jzpfonfhtavsmuf uREkfkyfwkdY
onfuREkfyfwkdY\bk&ifrif;jrwfukdtcpm;jyKí xkdbk&ifrif;jrwf\ enf;vrf;
twkdif;avQmufvSrf;&SifoefMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þurÇmolurÇmom;
rsm;ESihfrwlMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aumif;uifbkHü tkwfjrpfcswnfxm;í
bk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom tajccHenf;Oya'rsm;ukd ukdifaqmifonfhvlrsKd;
ESihfoufqkdifMuonf/ þvlrsKd;onf ]]oefY&Sif;aom}} vlrsKd;jzpfonfukd
owdjyKyg/ qkdvkdonfrSmxkdvlrsKd;onf bk&m;ocif \&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocifu oD;oefYa&G;xkwfxm;aom
vlrsKd;jzpfonf/ þvlrsKd;onfbk&m;ocif\ cGihfvTwfjcif;ukdcH&í bk&m;
ociftm;jzihf aq;aMumoefYpifjcif;cHxm;&ol rsm;jzpfMuNyD;? 4if;wkdY\pdwf
qE´rSmvkyforQt&mcyfodrf;ü bk&m;ocifukd *kPfBuD;ap&efjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\b0wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESihf
w&m;pD&ifjcif;atmufü wpfcsdefwpfcgua&muf&SdcJhzl;Muonf/ okdYaomf
,ckwGifrl u&kPmawmfudkcHpm;Mu&onf (i,f 10)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESifhwuG tjypfaq;aMumjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
,cifwGifbk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;r[kwfcJhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhtjypf
'kp½kdufüepfajrmaysmufqkH;cJhMuonf/ ,ckwGifrl bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rdrd\vlrsKd;tjzpf jyefvnfvufcHcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;[k
214 215
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif {nfhonft*EÅKrsm;
tokH;jyK EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½kuqufvufí bk&m;ocifonf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyfzefwD;cJhaMumif;ajymcJh
onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif ,Zfya&m[dwfqkdonfrSm vlwkdYukdbk&m;ocif
\ rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY ac:aqmifoGm;&aomoljzpfonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifu a&G;aumufxm;aomoljzpfNyD;? þavmuü bk&m;ocif\
a&G;aumufjcif;cH ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/ xkduJhokdYaom ,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;
tjzpf bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd qifhac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
oifESihfuREkfyfukd olY&JUudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufcJhonf/ vlwkdYukd
rsufarSmufawmfqDokdY OD;aqmifoGm;&ef bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd tcGihf
xl;ay;xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þavmuüolYukd ukd,fpm;jyKxm;MuNyD;?
emrawmfjrwfü uREkfyfwkdY\teD;ywf0ef;usifrS vlwkdYukdtrItauR;jyKMu
ygonf/ teEÅwefckd;&Sifvnf;jzpf? þpMuF0XmBuD;ukd zefqif;olvnf;
jzpfaomol\ ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf&Sdae&jcif;onf tvGef*kPf,lp&m
r[kwfygvm;/
xkdaemufwGif wrefawmfBuD;u ,kHMunfolwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom
vlrsKd;jzpfMuonf[k azmfjycJhonf (xGufajrmuf 19;6 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocif
a,½I\trIawmfü uREkfyfwkdYwnf;om&Sdonfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYukdrdom;pkBuD;wpfckxJü oGwfoGif;xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;yHhykd;ulnDí wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;*½kpkduf apmifha&SmufMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;&Sd uREkfyfwkdY
\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ykdifqkdifaom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd jznfhqnf;
ay;Muonf/ þoefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;jzpfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif
\ xl;uJaumif;jrwfjcif;ukd today;a<u;aMumf&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\csD;rGrf;axmremukd xkwfazmfajymMum;&rnf/ taMumif;rSm
olonfuREkfyfwkdYudktjypf'kp½kduf\arSmifrkdufxJrS rdrd\tvif;awmfxJqDokdY
ac:xkwfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; jzpfonfhtavsmuf uREkfkyfwkdY
onfuREkfyfwkdY\bk&ifrif;jrwfukdtcpm;jyKí xkdbk&ifrif;jrwf\ enf;vrf;
twkdif;avQmufvSrf;&SifoefMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þurÇmolurÇmom;
rsm;ESihfrwlMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aumif;uifbkHü tkwfjrpfcswnfxm;í
bk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom tajccHenf;Oya'rsm;ukd ukdifaqmifonfhvlrsKd;
ESihfoufqkdifMuonf/ þvlrsKd;onf ]]oefY&Sif;aom}} vlrsKd;jzpfonfukd
owdjyKyg/ qkdvkdonfrSmxkdvlrsKd;onf bk&m;ocif \&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf
bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocifu oD;oefYa&G;xkwfxm;aom
vlrsKd;jzpfonf/ þvlrsKd;onfbk&m;ocif\ cGihfvTwfjcif;ukdcH&í bk&m;
ociftm;jzihf aq;aMumoefYpifjcif;cHxm;&ol rsm;jzpfMuNyD;? 4if;wkdY\pdwf
qE´rSmvkyforQt&mcyfodrf;ü bk&m;ocifukd *kPfBuD;ap&efjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\b0wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESihf
w&m;pD&ifjcif;atmufü wpfcsdefwpfcgua&muf&SdcJhzl;Muonf/ okdYaomf
,ckwGifrl u&kPmawmfudkcHpm;Mu&onf (i,f 10)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESifhwuG tjypfaq;aMumjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
,cifwGifbk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;r[kwfcJhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhtjypf
'kp½kdufüepfajrmaysmufqkH;cJhMuonf/ ,ckwGifrl bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rdrd\vlrsKd;tjzpf jyefvnfvufcHcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;[k
214 215
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ac:qkdcH&jcif;onf tb,frQtcGihfxl;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tjypfrsm;ukd
cGihfvTwfay;í xkdtjypfrsm;rS uREkfyfwkdYtm;aq;aMumcJhjcif;onf tb,frQ
vSyygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdif&jcif;aMumifh ,ckwGifuREkfyfwkdYü
tb,frQ tHhMozG,farQmfvifhjcif;&Sdaeygoenf;/
tcef;i,f 11 wGif &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd þurÇmBuD;ü
{nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;tjzpf &nfñTef;ajymqkdxm;onf (i,f 11)/ bk&m;
ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukd topfjyKjyifxm;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY
\awG;ac:qifjcifykHonf xl;jcm;uGJjym;aeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
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jcif;ukd ykHrSefypfcsaeygonf/ odkYaomf &Sifayw½ku olYukd,folZmwdyuwd
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ukd xyfwljyKxm;ygonf/
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txJrSqkd;npfaom Zmwdyuwd\ppfrSefrIukd uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;MuouJhokdY
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yuwdüao&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf xkdtkda[mif;í Zmwdqefaom
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ukd,fukdocifa,½Iü&Sdaom vlopfrsm;tjrpf½IjrifMu&rnf/
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ukdaMumufaomtoufwmjzifh touf&Sif&rnf (i,f 12)/ uREkfyfwkdY\
txJ&Sd tkda[mif;aomZmwdqefonfh oabmobm0ukd jiif;y,fí
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csufukd awGUjrifoifhonf/ avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYü bk&m;ocifukd
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xkdocifjyKvkyfcJhonfht&mukdvnf;aumif; ñTefjy&rnfjzpfonf/
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;216 217
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ac:qkdcH&jcif;onf tb,frQtcGihfxl;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tjypfrsm;ukd
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ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukd topfjyKjyifxm;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY
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uREkfyfwkdYukd topfaomESvkH;rsm;ay;cJhaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfae
oabmxm;rsm;ESihf vkyfykHukdifykHrsm;rSm xl;jcm;uGJjym;aeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
b0&nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm þavmuDom;rsm;ESihf rwlMuyg/ avmuDom;rsm;
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xyfwljyKrQa0rcHpm;EkdifMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\EkdifiHom;jzpfjcif;onf aumif;
uifbkHü&SdaomaMumihf uREkfyfwkdYonfþurÇmay:ü {nfhonftm*EÅKrsm;
jzpfMuonf (zdvdyÜd 3;20)/
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jcif;ukd ykHrSefypfcsaeygonf/ odkYaomf &Sifayw½ku olYukd,folZmwdyuwd
ESihfxyfwlrjyKxm;yg/ ocifc&pfawmfu zefwD;cJhaomvlopfESihfukd,fhukd,f
ukd xyfwljyKxm;ygonf/
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txJrSqkd;npfaom Zmwdyuwd\ppfrSefrIukd uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;MuouJhokdY
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Muonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukd,fukd Zmwdyuwd
üom&SdaeMuaMumif;ukd awGUMu&onf/ &Sifayw½k\pdefac:csufrSm Zmwd
yuwdüao&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf xkdtkda[mif;í Zmwdqefaom
oabmobm0ESihf qufíxyfwljyK&efr[kwfawmhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fh
ukd,fukdocifa,½Iü&Sdaom vlopfrsm;tjrpf½IjrifMu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ,Zfya&m[dwfjzpfí bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYteD;tem;&Sd bk&m;rodaomolrsm;tv,fü bk&m;
ukdaMumufaomtoufwmjzifh touf&Sif&rnf (i,f 12)/ uREkfyfwkdY\
txJ&Sd tkda[mif;aomZmwdqefonfh oabmobm0ukd jiif;y,fí
topfaompdwf0dnmOfukd tpmauR;&rnf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tusihfpm&dwåü
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rsm;ukd uREkfyfwdkY\teD;wpf0kdufrSvlrsm;a&SUü cif;usif;jyojcif;jzifhuREkfyfwkdY
onftouf&Sifawmfrlaom bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;aomvlrsKd;jzpfMu
aMumif;ukdjyo&rnf/ avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdY\txJrS xl;jcm;uGJjym;
csufukd awGUjrifoifhonf/ avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYü bk&m;ocifukd
awGU&Sdodjrifí emrawmfukdbkef;BuD;aprnfh taMumif;&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY
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xkdocifjyKvkyfcJhonfht&mukdvnf;aumif; ñTefjy&rnfjzpfonf/
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;216 217
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\a&G;aumufcH&jcif;qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ocif
a,½IuoihfukdvufvSrf;í rzrf;ukdifcJhvQif ,aeYwGifoifrnf
onfhae&mü &Sdaeygrnfenf;/
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ukdqkdvkdygoenf;/ ,Zfya&m[dwf\wm0efrSmtb,fenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rnfonfhenf;vrf;jzihf þavmu{nfhonftm*EÅK
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
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obm0ukd uREkfyfykdifqkdifxm;Muonf[k &Sifayw½kuaz:jycJh
onf/ xkdtrSefw&m;onf oihftoufwmürnfokdYvufawGU
xif&Sm;ygoenf;/ ocifc&pfawmf\ jzpfwnfrIoabmobm0
uoihftoufwmü rnfhonfht&mukdjyKvkyfzefwD;ay;ygoenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifonf oifhukdtjypf'kp½kdufrSu,fwif&ef a&G;cs,fcJh
onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
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tHhzG,frsufarSmufjyKjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
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&efoifhtm;aus;Zl;awmfukd xyfavmif;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
,aeYwGif oifukd,fwkdifvkH;yef;½kef;uefae&onfh awmifhwwyf
rufjcif;rsm;ukd wdwdususqkawmif;í wGef;vSefyg/
emrawmftm;csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bkef;BuD;apjcif;toufwmukd oif
&SifoefEkdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifukd *kPfrBuD;aponfh oifhtoufwm&Sdrnfonfh
t&mukdrqkd xkwfazmfjyoay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ þt&mukd
cGgcsEkdifzdkY aus;Zl;awmfudkawmif;avQmufyg/
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;218 219
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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a,½IuoihfukdvufvSrf;í rzrf;ukdifcJhvQif ,aeYwGifoifrnf
onfhae&mü &Sdaeygrnfenf;/
rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom ,Zfya&m[dwfrsKd;jzpfjcif;onf rnfonfht&m
ukdqkdvkdygoenf;/ ,Zfya&m[dwf\wm0efrSmtb,fenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rnfonfhenf;vrf;jzihf þavmu{nfhonftm*EÅK
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifu oihftxJüoGwfoGif;xm;aom ocifc&pfawmf\
tHhzG,frsufarSmufjyKjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
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emrawmftm;csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bkef;BuD;apjcif;toufwmukd oif
&SifoefEkdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifukd *kPfrBuD;aponfh oifhtoufwm&Sdrnfonfh
t&mukdrqkd xkwfazmfjyoay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/ þt&mukd
cGgcsEkdifzdkY aus;Zl;awmfudkawmif;avQmufyg/
{nfhonft*EÅKrsm;218 219
2424
2424
24
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2424
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wkdYtm; remcHapaomtcsdefwGifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mtwGuf &Sif;vif;
jywfom;aom om"uukdwrefawmf0wåKwGifuREkfyfwkdYawGU&onf/ tkyfcsKyf
a&;tmPmykdifrsm;u wrefawmfBuD;rsm;tm;ocifa,½I\emrawmfü oGef
oifjcif;ukd qufvufírvkyfaqmifMuzdkY trdefYay;aomtcg wrefawmf
BuD;rsm;u ]]vl\pum;xuf bk&m;ocif\pum;ukd em;axmifoihfyg\}}
[k ajymqkdwkefYjyefcJhMuonf (wrefawmf 5;29)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfonfh
tavsmuf bk&m;ocifxHü uREkfyfwkdYopömcHjcif;onf t&yfbuftkyfcsKyf
a&;tmPmykdifrsm;xHü opömcHjcif;xufykdíta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocifukd
emcHjcif;ESihft&yfbuf tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcHjcif;Mum;ü
twif;tusyfa&G;cs,frIukd jyKvkyfapaomtcgwGif ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd emcHí&&SdrnfhtusKd;tqufrsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdY
vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tzkdYtvkdiSgom þtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm
ykdifrsm;tm; 0efcHtyfESHMu&jcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ þtcsufonf
avmuDtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;[laom þtcsuf
xJwGif tjrifopfwpfckukd aygif;xnfhvkdufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tBuH
tpnfrsm; qD;wm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rcH&rnfhtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYonf
&Sifbk&ifrsm;ESihftkyfcsKyfolrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tm
Pmykdifrsm;xHü uREkfyfwkdY0efcHtyfESHjcif;u ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,ffcsufrsm;
ukd rnfodkYtxajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
tcef;i,f 15 t& uREkfyfwkdY\ 0efcHtyfESHjcif;onf vlrkdufwdkY\
rkdufrJaompum;ukd EIwfqdwfoGm;apygvdrfhrnf (vkum 20;20-26 ukd
Munfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ykHOyrm,lxkdufaom pHjyEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuvQif
r,kHMunfolrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYü&,lvkdufavQmufxkdufaom ykHOyrmukd
awGUjrif&ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfief;wGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtvkyfvkyfaomae&mrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;xHwGif
tyfESHjcif;ukd *½kwpkdufvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf rSDckdtm;xm;
xkdufaom? ½kd;om;aom? av;pm;,kHMunfxkdufaom tvkyform;rsm;tjzpf
ukd,fhukd,fukdoufaojyMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ teD;em;ywf0ef;usif&Sd
r,kHMunfolrsm;u ocifa,½Ic&pfukd emcHvkduf avQmufaomolrsm;onf
*kPfjyKav;pm;xkdufaomolrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd ukd,fawGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/
222 223
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
vlom;tmPmykdifrsm;tm;vkH;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuzdkYqifhac:cJhonf/ þtm
PmykdiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf vlxktv,fwGif zGJUpnf;xm;aomtzGJU
tpnf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ 4if;wkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtmPmykdif tzGJUtpnf;
r[kwfyg/ avmuDa&;&mtmPmykdif tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ okdYaomf
,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf xkdEkdifiHa&;ESihft&yfbuftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdif
rsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY bk&m;ocifuarQmfvifhxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
pHjyEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;aMumihf ocifbk&m;\emrawmfukd apmfum;ajymqkd&ef rnfolYukdrQ
tcGifhta&;ray;oihfyg/ uRekfyfwkdY\wkdif;EkdifiHrsm;ü&Sdaom tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcHjcif;r&Sd? ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;r&SdbJ uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefcJh
MuvQif uREkfyfwkdYürnfuJhokdYaom oufaorsKd;&SdcJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
þtjyKtrlrsKd;twGuf wpfckwnf;aomcRif;csufrSm tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPmykdifrsm;u bk&m;ocif\omíjrifhaom tcGihftmPmukd uREkfyf
wkdYtm; remcHapaomtcsdefwGifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mtwGuf &Sif;vif;
jywfom;aom om"uukdwrefawmf0wåKwGifuREkfyfwkdYawGU&onf/ tkyfcsKyf
a&;tmPmykdifrsm;u wrefawmfBuD;rsm;tm;ocifa,½I\emrawmfü oGef
oifjcif;ukd qufvufírvkyfaqmifMuzdkY trdefYay;aomtcg wrefawmf
BuD;rsm;u ]]vl\pum;xuf bk&m;ocif\pum;ukd em;axmifoihfyg\}}
[k ajymqkdwkefYjyefcJhMuonf (wrefawmf 5;29)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfonfh
tavsmuf bk&m;ocifxHü uREkfyfwkdYopömcHjcif;onf t&yfbuftkyfcsKyf
a&;tmPmykdifrsm;xHü opömcHjcif;xufykdíta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocifukd
emcHjcif;ESihft&yfbuf tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcHjcif;Mum;ü
twif;tusyfa&G;cs,frIukd jyKvkyfapaomtcgwGif ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd emcHí&&SdrnfhtusKd;tqufrsm;ukd &ifqkdifzkdY
vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tzkdYtvkdiSgom þtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm
ykdifrsm;tm; 0efcHtyfESHMu&jcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ þtcsufonf
avmuDtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHjcif;[laom þtcsuf
xJwGif tjrifopfwpfckukd aygif;xnfhvkdufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tBuH
tpnfrsm; qD;wm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rcH&rnfhtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYonf
&Sifbk&ifrsm;ESihftkyfcsKyfolrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tm
Pmykdifrsm;xHü uREkfyfwkdY0efcHtyfESHjcif;u ocifbk&m;\&nf&G,ffcsufrsm;
ukd rnfodkYtxajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
tcef;i,f 15 t& uREkfyfwkdY\ 0efcHtyfESHjcif;onf vlrkdufwdkY\
rkdufrJaompum;ukd EIwfqdwfoGm;apygvdrfhrnf (vkum 20;20-26 ukd
Munfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ykHOyrm,lxkdufaom pHjyEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuvQif
r,kHMunfolrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYü&,lvkdufavQmufxkdufaom ykHOyrmukd
awGUjrif&ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfief;wGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYtvkyfvkyfaomae&mrsm;ü uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;xHwGif
tyfESHjcif;ukd *½kwpkdufvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf rSDckdtm;xm;
xkdufaom? ½kd;om;aom? av;pm;,kHMunfxkdufaom tvkyform;rsm;tjzpf
ukd,fhukd,fukdoufaojyMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ teD;em;ywf0ef;usif&Sd
r,kHMunfolrsm;u ocifa,½Ic&pfukd emcHvkduf avQmufaomolrsm;onf
*kPfjyKav;pm;xkdufaomolrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd ukd,fawGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/
222 223
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olwkdYu uREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdifaomolrsm;tjzpf awGUjrifMuyg
vdrfhrnf/ þokdYjzihf bk&m;ocifrSm bkef;awmfxif&Sm;í bk&m;ocifh
EkdifiHawmf\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm [efYwm;aESmuf,Suf jcif;rcH&awmhyg/
okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYonf ykefuefwwfaomolrsm;? rav;pm;xkdufaom
olrsm;jzpfMuvQif uREkffyfwkdYtm; a0zefjypfwifcGihfukd vlwkdYtm; w&m;0if
cGihfjyKay;aeMujcif;yifjzpfonf/ vlwkdYuuREkfyfwkdY\ raumif;aom
ykHom"ursm;ukdawGUjrifNyD; uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfh
t&mukdrQodcsifvkdcsifMurnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifayw½ku þpmapmifukda&;om;aeonfhtcsdefwGif ,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf xkde,fy,fukd tkyfcsKyfpD&ifaom a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdif
rsm;ESihf tqufrjywfeyef;vkH;aecJhMuonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;u olwkdYukdolwkdY
bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;\atmufüom&Sdaom olrsm;tjzpf½IjrifMuaom
aMumihf a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;ukd opömcHp&mr&Sd[k rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ olwkdY
onfa&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf eHMum;üpl;0ifaeaom ql;wpfacsmif;uJhokdY
jzpfcJhMuonf/ a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;u olwkdYukdvnf;aumif;?
olwkdYukd;uG,faombk&m;ukdvnf;aumif; rESpfNrdKcJhMuyg/ olwkdYu,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf zdESdyfcsKyfjc,xm;zdkYvdktyfonfh &efvdkykefuefwwfaomolrsm;
tjzpf&IjrifcJhMuonf/ þaemufcHtajctaersKd;rSa&muf&SdvmcJhMuonfh
,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf 4if;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifwpfyg; wnf;tay:üom
wm0ef0wå&m;&SdMuonf[k½Ijrif&efrSm tvGefvG,fulcJhayvdrfhrnf/
xkdYaMumifh&Sifayw½ku 4if;wkdYtm;ocifbk&m;tzkdYtvkdYiSg tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPmykdifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuzdkY pdefac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
\vGwfvyfaomtapcHrsm;uJhokdY &SifoefMu&efajymcJhonf/ þae&mwGif
vGwfvyfjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;wkdYonfqefYusifbuft&mrsm;tjzpf xifrSwf
&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfcdsefwnf;wGifvGwfvyfaomolrsm; vnf;jzpf?
tapcHrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ tapcHuRefwpfa,mufonf ocif
jzpfol\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufwGif&SdaeNyD;? ocifjzpfol\trdefYukdemcH &onf/
tapcHuRefrsm;onf rdrdwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd vkyfzkdYrvGwfvyfMuyg/
þar;cGef;\tajzonf &Sifayw½kajymjyaeaom vGwfvyfjcif;\
oabmobm0wGifrlwnfaeonf/ þvGwfvyfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY
vkyfcsifonfht&mukdjyKvkyfzkdY vGwfvyfjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? ocifa,½Iu
uREkfyfwkdYukd ay;xm;onfh tjypf'kp½kdufaus;uRefb0rS vGwfvyfjcif;rsKd;
jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd jyKvkyfEkdifonfh vGwfvyfjcif;onf
aus;uRefjzpfjcif;qDodkYom uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;aMumif; awGU&SdcJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfxJü jyKvkyfcsifonfht&mwkdif;ukd jyKvkyfMuvQif
uREfkyfwdkYonfavmuDvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm; tm;vkH;\uRefjyKcH&jcif;ü ukd,fh
ukd,fukdawGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iüom uREkfyfwkdYonftjypf'kp½kduf
tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifMuonf/ þatmifEkdifjcif;ukd ocifa,½I
u uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYrSm vGwfvyfMuaomolrsm;jzpfMu&
onf/ &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tjypf'kp½kdufrSvnf;aumif;?
xkdtjypf'kp½kduf\tusKd; qufrsm;rSvnf;aumif; vGwfajrmufMuonfh
olrsm;ozG,f &SifoefMuzdkYajymcJhonf/
224 225
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
olwkdYu uREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdifaomolrsm;tjzpf awGUjrifMuyg
vdrfhrnf/ þokdYjzihf bk&m;ocifrSm bkef;awmfxif&Sm;í bk&m;ocifh
EkdifiHawmf\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm [efYwm;aESmuf,Suf jcif;rcH&awmhyg/
okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYonf ykefuefwwfaomolrsm;? rav;pm;xkdufaom
olrsm;jzpfMuvQif uREkffyfwkdYtm; a0zefjypfwifcGihfukd vlwkdYtm; w&m;0if
cGihfjyKay;aeMujcif;yifjzpfonf/ vlwkdYuuREkfyfwkdY\ raumif;aom
ykHom"ursm;ukdawGUjrifNyD; uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfh
t&mukdrQodcsifvkdcsifMurnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifayw½ku þpmapmifukda&;om;aeonfhtcsdefwGif ,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf xkde,fy,fukd tkyfcsKyfpD&ifaom a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdif
rsm;ESihf tqufrjywfeyef;vkH;aecJhMuonf/ ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;u olwkdYukdolwkdY
bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;\atmufüom&Sdaom olrsm;tjzpf½IjrifMuaom
aMumihf a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;ukd opömcHp&mr&Sd[k rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ olwkdY
onfa&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf eHMum;üpl;0ifaeaom ql;wpfacsmif;uJhokdY
jzpfcJhMuonf/ a&mrtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;u olwkdYukdvnf;aumif;?
olwkdYukd;uG,faombk&m;ukdvnf;aumif; rESpfNrdKcJhMuyg/ olwkdYu,k'vlrsKd;
rsm;onf zdESdyfcsKyfjc,xm;zdkYvdktyfonfh &efvdkykefuefwwfaomolrsm;
tjzpf&IjrifcJhMuonf/ þaemufcHtajctaersKd;rSa&muf&SdvmcJhMuonfh
,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf 4if;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifwpfyg; wnf;tay:üom
wm0ef0wå&m;&SdMuonf[k½Ijrif&efrSm tvGefvG,fulcJhayvdrfhrnf/
xkdYaMumifh&Sifayw½ku 4if;wkdYtm;ocifbk&m;tzkdYtvkdYiSg tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPmykdifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuzdkY pdefac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif
\vGwfvyfaomtapcHrsm;uJhokdY &SifoefMu&efajymcJhonf/ þae&mwGif
vGwfvyfjcif;ESihf tapcHjcif;wkdYonfqefYusifbuft&mrsm;tjzpf xifrSwf
&onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf wpfcdsefwnf;wGifvGwfvyfaomolrsm; vnf;jzpf?
tapcHrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ tapcHuRefwpfa,mufonf ocif
jzpfol\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufwGif&SdaeNyD;? ocifjzpfol\trdefYukdemcH &onf/
tapcHuRefrsm;onf rdrdwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd vkyfzkdYrvGwfvyfMuyg/
þar;cGef;\tajzonf &Sifayw½kajymjyaeaom vGwfvyfjcif;\
oabmobm0wGifrlwnfaeonf/ þvGwfvyfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY
vkyfcsifonfht&mukdjyKvkyfzkdY vGwfvyfjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? ocifa,½Iu
uREkfyfwkdYukd ay;xm;onfh tjypf'kp½kdufaus;uRefb0rS vGwfvyfjcif;rsKd;
jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfcsifonfht&mukd jyKvkyfEkdifonfh vGwfvyfjcif;onf
aus;uRefjzpfjcif;qDodkYom uREkfyfwkdYukdaqmif,loGm;aMumif; awGU&SdcJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYpdwfxJü jyKvkyfcsifonfht&mwkdif;ukd jyKvkyfMuvQif
uREfkyfwdkYonfavmuDvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm; tm;vkH;\uRefjyKcH&jcif;ü ukd,fh
ukd,fukdawGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iüom uREkfyfwkdYonftjypf'kp½kduf
tay:üatmifEkdifjcif;ukd &&SdEkdifMuonf/ þatmifEkdifjcif;ukd ocifa,½I
u uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYrSm vGwfvyfMuaomolrsm;jzpfMu&
onf/ &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tjypf'kp½kdufrSvnf;aumif;?
xkdtjypf'kp½kduf\tusKd; qufrsm;rSvnf;aumif; vGwfajrmufMuonfh
olrsm;ozG,f &SifoefMuzdkYajymcJhonf/
224 225
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wrefawmfBuD;u qufvufí,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\vGwf
vyfjcif;ukd raumif;rI'kp½kduftwGufqifajcwpfcktjzpf tokH;rjyKMuzkdY
ajymcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfcH&í aumif;uifbkHü
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf jyifqifxm;onfhae&mwpfae&m&SdaeaMumif;ukd od&Sd&
jcif;onf tHhMo0rf;ajrmufzG,fjzpfonf/ xkdaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd pmwef
uyifuREkfyfwkdYxHrS ,laqmifroGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd od&jcif;onf tb,frQ
ESpfodrfhp&mjzpfygoenf;/ okdYaomfukd,fum,\tvkdukdvkdufjcif;jzihf
þaus;Zl;awmfukd wvGJtokH;jyKaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ þusrf;abmif
toGm;tvmwGif &Sifayw½kvdyfrlí ajymqkdcJhaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;u 4if;wkdY
onfaumif;uifEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuaomaMumifh avmuDacgif;aqmifrsm;
ukd emcHzkdYrvkd[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifayw½kuolwkdYukd ocif
c&pfawmfü &&dSxm;aom4if;wkdY\ vGwfvyfjcif;ukd 4if;wkdY\txufü
bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;aom avmuDtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;tm; qefY
usifykefuefjcif;toufwmü &Sifoef&efqifajcwpfcktaejzihf tokH;rjyK
MuzkdYajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf vGwfvyfaomaumif;uifEkdfifiHom;rsm;jzpf
Muaomfvnf; þavmuübk&m;ocif\ tapcHuRefrsm;trSefjzpfMu
aMumif;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESihftwl &SifoefaexkdifMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\
tapcHuRefrsm;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukd emcHí
txl;ojzihf þudpöwGif4if;wkdY\avmuDacgif;aqmifrsm;ukd av;pm;½kdao
Mu&rnfjzpfonf (róJ 17;24-27 ukdMunfhyg)/
½kdaoav;pm;rIukd acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:üom jy&rnfr[kwf/
vlwkdif;tay:üvnf; jyo&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 17)/ &Sifayw½ku c&pf
,mefrsm;tm; ,kHMunfolnDtpfukdarmifESr tcsif;csif;cspfMu&efukd vnf;
aumif;? bk&m;ocifukdcspfaMumuf½kdaoMu&efukdvnf;aumif;? &Sifbk&if
ukd*kPfjyKav;pm;&efukdvnf;aumif; pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iþavm
uü trIawmfaqmifcJhcsdefu vlom;tm;vkH;ukd cspfcifav;pm;jcif;\
qkdvkd&if;ukd oufaojycJhygonf/ tjypfom;rsm;ukd ywf0ef;usiftokdif;
t0kdif;wpfckvkH;u y,f&Sm;yxkwfvkdcJhcsdefwGif olonfxkdtjypfom;rsm;ESihf
xdawGUcJhonf/ rnfolurQ rxdcsif? rukdifcsifaom ElempGJolrsm;ukd ocif
a,½Iu xdawGUcJhonf/ olonftcGefcHwpfa,mufukd rdrd\wynfhawmf
wpfyg;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ olonfjynfhwefqmrdef;rrsm;? olawmif;pm;
rsm;ukd xdawGUcJhonf/ olonf 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufukd vufrcHcJh
aomfvnf; 4if;wdkYwpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd\ta&;pkdufjcif;ESihfvnf;aumif;?
u½kPmw&m;ESihfvnf;aumif; xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpf av;pm;rSwf
,lcJhonf/ xkdtwkdif;jyKvkyfMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; qifhac:xm;ygonf/
uRefrsm;yifvQif rdrdwkdY\uRefocifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f 18)/ olwkdYonf xkdocifrsm;tm; ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ESihfwuG
tvkyftauR;jyK&rnf/ aus;uRefpepfonf rSefuefaom&mjzpfonf[k
&Sifayw½kuajymMum;aeonfr[kwfyg/ aus;uRefpepfonf xdkacwfum
v wGifckdifckdifrmrmtjrpfwG,faeNyDjzpfaom vlrla&;pepfwpfckjzpfcJhonf/
uRefrsm;onf tokdif;t0kdif;xJwGif tcGifhta&;r&SdMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wkdY
onftoif;awmfxJwGifrl tjcm;toif;om;rsm;ESihfwef;wl jzpfcJhMuonf/
okdYaomf &Sifayw½ku 4if;wkdYtm;vuf&Sdjzpfaeonfhtwkdif; qufvuf
aexkdifí4if;wkYd\ocifrsm;ukd pdwfESvkH;t<uif;rJhjzihf tvkyftauR;jyKMu
226 227
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wrefawmfBuD;u qufvufí,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\vGwf
vyfjcif;ukd raumif;rI'kp½kduftwGufqifajcwpfcktjzpf tokH;rjyKMuzkdY
ajymcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd cGihfvTwfcH&í aumif;uifbkHü
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf jyifqifxm;onfhae&mwpfae&m&SdaeaMumif;ukd od&Sd&
jcif;onf tHhMo0rf;ajrmufzG,fjzpfonf/ xkdaumif;BuD;r*Fvmukd pmwef
uyifuREkfyfwkdYxHrS ,laqmifroGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd od&jcif;onf tb,frQ
ESpfodrfhp&mjzpfygoenf;/ okdYaomfukd,fum,\tvkdukdvkdufjcif;jzihf
þaus;Zl;awmfukd wvGJtokH;jyKaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ þusrf;abmif
toGm;tvmwGif &Sifayw½kvdyfrlí ajymqkdcJhaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;u 4if;wkdY
onfaumif;uifEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuaomaMumifh avmuDacgif;aqmifrsm;
ukd emcHzkdYrvkd[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifayw½kuolwkdYukd ocif
c&pfawmfü &&dSxm;aom4if;wkdY\ vGwfvyfjcif;ukd 4if;wkdY\txufü
bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;aom avmuDtkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;tm; qefY
usifykefuefjcif;toufwmü &Sifoef&efqifajcwpfcktaejzihf tokH;rjyK
MuzkdYajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf vGwfvyfaomaumif;uifEkdfifiHom;rsm;jzpf
Muaomfvnf; þavmuübk&m;ocif\ tapcHuRefrsm;trSefjzpfMu
aMumif;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESihftwl &SifoefaexkdifMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\
tapcHuRefrsm;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukd emcHí
txl;ojzihf þudpöwGif4if;wkdY\avmuDacgif;aqmifrsm;ukd av;pm;½kdao
Mu&rnfjzpfonf (róJ 17;24-27 ukdMunfhyg)/
½kdaoav;pm;rIukd acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:üom jy&rnfr[kwf/
vlwkdif;tay:üvnf; jyo&rnfjzpfonf (i,f 17)/ &Sifayw½ku c&pf
,mefrsm;tm; ,kHMunfolnDtpfukdarmifESr tcsif;csif;cspfMu&efukd vnf;
aumif;? bk&m;ocifukdcspfaMumuf½kdaoMu&efukdvnf;aumif;? &Sifbk&if
ukd*kPfjyKav;pm;&efukdvnf;aumif; pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iþavm
uü trIawmfaqmifcJhcsdefu vlom;tm;vkH;ukd cspfcifav;pm;jcif;\
qkdvkd&if;ukd oufaojycJhygonf/ tjypfom;rsm;ukd ywf0ef;usiftokdif;
t0kdif;wpfckvkH;u y,f&Sm;yxkwfvkdcJhcsdefwGif olonfxkdtjypfom;rsm;ESihf
xdawGUcJhonf/ rnfolurQ rxdcsif? rukdifcsifaom ElempGJolrsm;ukd ocif
a,½Iu xdawGUcJhonf/ olonftcGefcHwpfa,mufukd rdrd\wynfhawmf
wpfyg;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ olonfjynfhwefqmrdef;rrsm;? olawmif;pm;
rsm;ukd xdawGUcJhonf/ olonf 4if;wkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufukd vufrcHcJh
aomfvnf; 4if;wdkYwpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd\ta&;pkdufjcif;ESihfvnf;aumif;?
u½kPmw&m;ESihfvnf;aumif; xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpf av;pm;rSwf
,lcJhonf/ xkdtwkdif;jyKvkyfMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdvnf; qifhac:xm;ygonf/
uRefrsm;yifvQif rdrdwkdY\uRefocifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf
jzpfonf (i,f 18)/ olwkdYonf xkdocifrsm;tm; ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ESihfwuG
tvkyftauR;jyK&rnf/ aus;uRefpepfonf rSefuefaom&mjzpfonf[k
&Sifayw½kuajymMum;aeonfr[kwfyg/ aus;uRefpepfonf xdkacwfum
v wGifckdifckdifrmrmtjrpfwG,faeNyDjzpfaom vlrla&;pepfwpfckjzpfcJhonf/
uRefrsm;onf tokdif;t0kdif;xJwGif tcGifhta&;r&SdMuaomfvnf;? 4if;wkdY
onftoif;awmfxJwGifrl tjcm;toif;om;rsm;ESihfwef;wl jzpfcJhMuonf/
okdYaomf &Sifayw½ku 4if;wkdYtm;vuf&Sdjzpfaeonfhtwkdif; qufvuf
aexkdifí4if;wkYd\ocifrsm;ukd pdwfESvkH;t<uif;rJhjzihf tvkyftauR;jyKMu
226 227
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
zkdYajymcJhonf/ aumif;aomuRefocif\ vufatmufü&SdMuaomuRefrsm;
twGufom þemcHjcif;ukd rdefYrSmcJhonfr[kwf? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom
uRefocifrsm;\vufatmufrS uRefrsm;tay:üvnf; þemcHjcif;ukd
rdefYrSmxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ þtcsif;t&monf vG,fulrnfr[kwfaomf
vnf; uRefrsm;onftvGefw&mqkd;0g;aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ü
yif rdrdwkdY\uRefocifrsm;ukd cspfEkdif? cGihfvTwfEkdif? ½kdaoav;pm;Ekdifaom
bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfukd oufaojyMu&rnfjzpfonf/
Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;jyKrlqufqHcH&aom þuRefrsm;tay:ü jzpf
ysufaeaomt&mrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuawGUjrifaeygonf/ olwkdY&ifqkdif
ae&aomþcufcJjcif;rsm;wGif olwdkY\opöm&Sdjcif;tay:ü bk&m;ocif
uolwkdYukd qkay;ygvdrfhrnf/ tqifajyacsmarGUaecsdefwGiftvkyftauR;
jyK&onfrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ w&m;rQwrIr&Sdaomywf0ef;usif
tajctaersm;ütvkyftauR;jyK&onfrSm ykdícufcJygonf/ okdYaomf
&Sifayw½kuþuRefrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYusL;vGefrdaomtrSm;twGuf
½dkufESufjcif; (okdY) w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&jcif;twGufrl bk&m;ocifxHrS
qk&&Sdrnfr[kwf [kajymcJhonf/ olwkdY\uRefocifrsm;tay:ü opöm
&Sd&Sdaexkdifjcif;jzihfom qkay;cH&rnfjzpfonf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifzkdY vkdtyfaomt&mrSm &ufpufMurf;
wrf;ítjypfESihfjynfhaeonhf þavmuBuD;xJwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd&ifqkdifawGUBuHKzdkY bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukdqihfac:
onfh tcsdefrsm;vnf;&Sdonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
aumif; rGefacsmarGUonfhtcsdefrsm;\ bk&m;omjzpfonfr[kwfyg/ cufcJ
Murf;wrf;onfhtcsdefrsm;\ bk&m;vnf;jzpfaeygonf/ aumif;BuD;cHpm;
&onfhtcsdefrsm;ü avmuDom;rsm;a&SUwGifolYudkcsD;rGrf;aomolrsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifvkdtyfouJhodkY? b0üt&mtm;vkH;wpfppDNydKuGJysufpD;aeMu
onf[kxifrSwf&onfh b0\cufcJtMurf;wrf;qkH;tcsdefrsm;ü rdrd\
wefckd;awmf? rdrd\Nidrfoufjcif;? rdrd\ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;vnf; twl&Sd
aeygaMumif;ukd oufaojyoaomolrsm;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifvkdtyf
aeygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrd&efolrsm;\uJh&JUapmfum;jcif;ukd cH&csdefu
tqkd;tm;jzihfrwkefYjyefcJhyg (i,f 23)/ olwkdYonf ocifa,&IukdMumyGwfESihf
½kdufESufNyD;? vuf0g;uyfwkdifüoHrIESihf½kdufí taoowfcJhMucsdefu
ocifa,½IolwkdYukd rNcdrf;ajcmufcJhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm;? olonfukd,fhukd,f
udkbk&m;ocif\ vufawmfü,kHMunftyfEHSí w&m;pD&ifjcif; tm;vkH;ukd
bk&m;ocifudkomay;tyfcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfocifh\ xdkykHOyrmukd
&,lvkdufavQmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/
wrefawmf0wåKwGif ,k'vlrsKd;rsm; oawzefukdtaoowfcJh
Mucsdefu oawzefwGif tvm;wlpdwfoabmxm;&SdcJhonf/ olonfvuf
pm;acszdkY r&SmBuHcJhyg/ olonftxufaumif;uifokdY armhMunfhíukd,fhukd,f
ukdbk&m;ocifxHü tyfEHScJhonf/ aojcif;üyif olonfbk&m;ocifukd
*kPfjyKírdrd\&efolrsm;ukdvnf; cspfcJhonf (wrefawmf 7;60 ukdMunfhyg)/
ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufwGif vkdvkdvm;vm;
ay;qyftyfESHí rdrd&efolrsm;\ taoowfjcif;ukdcH,lcJhonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifukd emcHjcif;xufrdrd\ b0toufwmukd rcspfcJhyg/ xkdvkyf&yf
\&vm'frSmbk&m;ocif\ r[mu,fwifawmfrljcif;udpö txajrmuf
228 229
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
zkdYajymcJhonf/ aumif;aomuRefocif\ vufatmufü&SdMuaomuRefrsm;
twGufom þemcHjcif;ukd rdefYrSmcJhonfr[kwf? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom
uRefocifrsm;\vufatmufrS uRefrsm;tay:üvnf; þemcHjcif;ukd
rdefYrSmxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ þtcsif;t&monf vG,fulrnfr[kwfaomf
vnf; uRefrsm;onftvGefw&mqkd;0g;aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ü
yif rdrdwkdY\uRefocifrsm;ukd cspfEkdif? cGihfvTwfEkdif? ½kdaoav;pm;Ekdifaom
bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfukd oufaojyMu&rnfjzpfonf/
Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;jyKrlqufqHcH&aom þuRefrsm;tay:ü jzpf
ysufaeaomt&mrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuawGUjrifaeygonf/ olwkdY&ifqkdif
ae&aomþcufcJjcif;rsm;wGif olwdkY\opöm&Sdjcif;tay:ü bk&m;ocif
uolwkdYukd qkay;ygvdrfhrnf/ tqifajyacsmarGUaecsdefwGiftvkyftauR;
jyK&onfrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ w&m;rQwrIr&Sdaomywf0ef;usif
tajctaersm;ütvkyftauR;jyK&onfrSm ykdícufcJygonf/ okdYaomf
&Sifayw½kuþuRefrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYusL;vGefrdaomtrSm;twGuf
½dkufESufjcif; (okdY) w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&jcif;twGufrl bk&m;ocifxHrS
qk&&Sdrnfr[kwf [kajymcJhonf/ olwkdY\uRefocifrsm;tay:ü opöm
&Sd&Sdaexkdifjcif;jzihfom qkay;cH&rnfjzpfonf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifzkdY vkdtyfaomt&mrSm &ufpufMurf;
wrf;ítjypfESihfjynfhaeonhf þavmuBuD;xJwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;
ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd&ifqkdifawGUBuHKzdkY bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukdqihfac:
onfh tcsdefrsm;vnf;&Sdonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
aumif; rGefacsmarGUonfhtcsdefrsm;\ bk&m;omjzpfonfr[kwfyg/ cufcJ
Murf;wrf;onfhtcsdefrsm;\ bk&m;vnf;jzpfaeygonf/ aumif;BuD;cHpm;
&onfhtcsdefrsm;ü avmuDom;rsm;a&SUwGifolYudkcsD;rGrf;aomolrsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifvkdtyfouJhodkY? b0üt&mtm;vkH;wpfppDNydKuGJysufpD;aeMu
onf[kxifrSwf&onfh b0\cufcJtMurf;wrf;qkH;tcsdefrsm;ü rdrd\
wefckd;awmf? rdrd\Nidrfoufjcif;? rdrd\ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;rsm;vnf; twl&Sd
aeygaMumif;ukd oufaojyoaomolrsm;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifvkdtyf
aeygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrd&efolrsm;\uJh&JUapmfum;jcif;ukd cH&csdefu
tqkd;tm;jzihfrwkefYjyefcJhyg (i,f 23)/ olwkdYonf ocifa,&IukdMumyGwfESihf
½kdufESufNyD;? vuf0g;uyfwkdifüoHrIESihf½kdufí taoowfcJhMucsdefu
ocifa,½IolwkdYukd rNcdrf;ajcmufcJhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm;? olonfukd,fhukd,f
udkbk&m;ocif\ vufawmfü,kHMunftyfEHSí w&m;pD&ifjcif; tm;vkH;ukd
bk&m;ocifudkomay;tyfcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfocifh\ xdkykHOyrmukd
&,lvkdufavQmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/
wrefawmf0wåKwGif ,k'vlrsKd;rsm; oawzefukdtaoowfcJh
Mucsdefu oawzefwGif tvm;wlpdwfoabmxm;&SdcJhonf/ olonfvuf
pm;acszdkY r&SmBuHcJhyg/ olonftxufaumif;uifokdY armhMunfhíukd,fhukd,f
ukdbk&m;ocifxHü tyfEHScJhonf/ aojcif;üyif olonfbk&m;ocifukd
*kPfjyKírdrd\&efolrsm;ukdvnf; cspfcJhonf (wrefawmf 7;60 ukdMunfhyg)/
ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufwGif vkdvkdvm;vm;
ay;qyftyfESHí rdrd&efolrsm;\ taoowfjcif;ukdcH,lcJhonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifukd emcHjcif;xufrdrd\ b0toufwmukd rcspfcJhyg/ xkdvkyf&yf
\&vm'frSmbk&m;ocif\ r[mu,fwifawmfrljcif;udpö txajrmuf
228 229
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
jynfhpkHoGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ 'Pf&mrsm;ESihftBuD;jrwf
qkH;aom aojcif;uuREkfyfwkdYukd tjypf'kp½kduf\tvGefqkd;0g;aom xdef;csKyf
zrf;pm;jcif;rS vTwfajrmufapcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aoaMuysufpD;jcif;
qDokdYOD;wnfaeMuaom vrf;aysmufaeonfh odk;rsm;uJhokdYjzpfcJhMuaomf
vnf; cspfjcif;arwåmESihfjynfh0í El;nHhaompdwfoabm&Sdonfh okd;xdef;
jzpfaomocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukdcrnf;awmfxHodkY jyefvnfykdYaqmifay;
cJhonf/ ocifa,½I\ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©u bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukd
vnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf BuD;rm;aomaumif;usKd;ukdvnf;aumif;
txajrmufapcJhonf/
þtykdif;\pdefac:csufrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf tmPmykdifrsm;ukdvnf;
aumif;? uREkfyfwkYdESihfqufqH&onfholrsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf;aumif; ½kdao
av;pm;aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txufü wm0efxrf;aqmif
aeMuaom bk&m;ocifcGJcefYxm;onfh tmPmykdifrsm;ukd todtrSwfjyK
onftxd ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
qD;wm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rcH&rnftaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYonftmPmykdifrsm;
xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuonf/ xkkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtxJübk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwåm&SdaeaMumif;ukd avmuDom;rsm;tm; oufaojyEkdifMuyg
onf/ vlwpfa,mufukd ½kdaoav;pm;&rnf[kqkd&mwGif xkdolESihft&m&m
wkdif;wGif oabmwljcif;r[kwfyg/ a&Smvk 'g0d'fukdowfzkdYBuHpnfaom
tcsdefu 'g0d'fonfa&Smvk\vkyf&yfukd oabmrwlcJhyg/ okdYaomfolonf
a&Smvkukd &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;taejzihf *kPfjyKav;pm;cJhonf/ a&Smvkonf
ykefuefjcif;oabmü rdrd\toufukd&ef&Smaeaomfvnf; olonfbk&m;
ocifu tmPmykdifwpfOD;taejzihf cGJcefYxm;aomoljzpfaMumif;ukd 'g0d'f
uodcJhaomaMumihf a&Smvk\toufukd tEÅ&m,frjyKcJhyg (1&m 26;9-
11? 23-24 ukdMunfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYüvnf; tvm;wlpdwfxm;rsKd;&Sd&ayrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukd tNrJwrf;em;vnfoabm
aygufrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihfopöm&SdpGmjzihf emcHjcif;ü
avQmufvSrf;onfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;usKd;ESihf
rdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf rdrd\tBuHtpnfESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd tx
ajrmufjynfhpkHapygvdrfhrnf[laomtodESihftwl bk&m;ocifxHü0efcHtyfESH
Mu&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
wpfpkHwpfa,mufukdcspfzkdY tcuftcJawGUae&onfhtcsdef&Sdyg
ovm;/ ,aeYwGif þusrf;csuf\pdefac:csufrSm oifhtwGuf
rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufukd ½kdaoav;pm;&rnf[kqkd&mwGif xkdolwkdY
ESihfvnf;aumif;? olwkdYjyKvkyfaomt&mukdvnf;aumif; oabm
wlay;&rnf[k qkdvkdygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS tmPmykdifrsm;tm; ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd
oif,lzkdY tb,fhaMumihfta&;BuD;oenf;/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifbk&m;twGuf rnfokdYoufaoaumif;jzpfEkdifoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY&,lvkdufavQmufzkdY ocifa,½Iurnfonfh ykHOyrm
ukdxm;cJhygoenf;/
230 231
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
jynfhpkHoGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ 'Pf&mrsm;ESihftBuD;jrwf
qkH;aom aojcif;uuREkfyfwkdYukd tjypf'kp½kduf\tvGefqkd;0g;aom xdef;csKyf
zrf;pm;jcif;rS vTwfajrmufapcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf aoaMuysufpD;jcif;
qDokdYOD;wnfaeMuaom vrf;aysmufaeonfh odk;rsm;uJhokdYjzpfcJhMuaomf
vnf; cspfjcif;arwåmESihfjynfh0í El;nHhaompdwfoabm&Sdonfh okd;xdef;
jzpfaomocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukdcrnf;awmfxHodkY jyefvnfykdYaqmifay;
cJhonf/ ocifa,½I\ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©u bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukd
vnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf BuD;rm;aomaumif;usKd;ukdvnf;aumif;
txajrmufapcJhonf/
þtykdif;\pdefac:csufrSm uREkfyfwkdYonf tmPmykdifrsm;ukdvnf;
aumif;? uREkfyfwkYdESihfqufqH&onfholrsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf;aumif; ½kdao
av;pm;aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\txufü wm0efxrf;aqmif
aeMuaom bk&m;ocifcGJcefYxm;onfh tmPmykdifrsm;ukd todtrSwfjyK
onftxd ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
qD;wm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rcH&rnftaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYonftmPmykdifrsm;
xHü 0efcHtyfESHMuonf/ xkkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtxJübk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwåm&SdaeaMumif;ukd avmuDom;rsm;tm; oufaojyEkdifMuyg
onf/ vlwpfa,mufukd ½kdaoav;pm;&rnf[kqkd&mwGif xkdolESihft&m&m
wkdif;wGif oabmwljcif;r[kwfyg/ a&Smvk 'g0d'fukdowfzkdYBuHpnfaom
tcsdefu 'g0d'fonfa&Smvk\vkyf&yfukd oabmrwlcJhyg/ okdYaomfolonf
a&Smvkukd &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;taejzihf *kPfjyKav;pm;cJhonf/ a&Smvkonf
ykefuefjcif;oabmü rdrd\toufukd&ef&Smaeaomfvnf; olonfbk&m;
ocifu tmPmykdifwpfOD;taejzihf cGJcefYxm;aomoljzpfaMumif;ukd 'g0d'f
uodcJhaomaMumihf a&Smvk\toufukd tEÅ&m,frjyKcJhyg (1&m 26;9-
11? 23-24 ukdMunfhyg)/ uREkfyfwkdYüvnf; tvm;wlpdwfxm;rsKd;&Sd&ayrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnfrsm;ukd tNrJwrf;em;vnfoabm
aygufrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihfopöm&SdpGmjzihf emcHjcif;ü
avQmufvSrf;onfESihftrQ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\aumif;usKd;ESihf
rdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf rdrd\tBuHtpnfESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd tx
ajrmufjynfhpkHapygvdrfhrnf[laomtodESihftwl bk&m;ocifxHü0efcHtyfESH
Mu&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
wpfpkHwpfa,mufukdcspfzkdY tcuftcJawGUae&onfhtcsdef&Sdyg
ovm;/ ,aeYwGif þusrf;csuf\pdefac:csufrSm oifhtwGuf
rnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufukd ½kdaoav;pm;&rnf[kqkd&mwGif xkdolwkdY
ESihfvnf;aumif;? olwkdYjyKvkyfaomt&mukdvnf;aumif; oabm
wlay;&rnf[k qkdvkdygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS tmPmykdifrsm;tm; ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd
oif,lzkdY tb,fhaMumihfta&;BuD;oenf;/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifbk&m;twGuf rnfokdYoufaoaumif;jzpfEkdifoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY&,lvkdufavQmufzkdY ocifa,½Iurnfonfh ykHOyrm
ukdxm;cJhygoenf;/
230 231
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxufrSmtmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcHwwfzkdYoifhtm; aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ cufcJ
aomtcsdefrsm;üyif ol\bkef;awmftwGuf ykHoufaoaumif;
wpfckjzpfzdkY oifhtm;aus;Zl;awmfukd ay;oem;&efawmif;avQmuf
yg/
oifhtxufrS tmPmykdifrsm;tjzpf bk&m;ocifucGJcefxm;aom
olrsm;tay:ü qefYusifajymqkdcJhonfhpum;rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwf
ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf aojcif;üyifcrnf;awmfukd emcHcJhonfh
ocifa,&Iuoihf twGufjyocJhonfh ykHOyrmtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ocifa,½IavQmufvSrf;cJhouJhokdY avQmufvSrf;
Ekdif&ef aus;Zl;awmfukdbk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
2525
2525
25
vifESihfr,m;0wfvifESihfr,m;0wf
vifESihfr,m;0wfvifESihfr,m;0wf
vifESihfr,m;0wf
1 ay 3;1-7 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;taejzifh uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;onfh qufqH&if;ESD;rI
rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í þpmapmif&Sd&Sifayw½k\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
aoaocsmcsm prf;ppfavhvmaecJhMuygonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;
jcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY uREkfyfwkdYukd
pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½kuvifESihfr,m;Mum;&Sd qufqH
&if;ESD;rItaMumif;ukd OD;wnftav;ay;xm;onf/
ZeD;onfrsm;ZeD;onfrsm;
ZeD;onfrsm;ZeD;onfrsm;
ZeD;onfrsm;
&Sifayw½ku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; 4if;wdkY\cifyGef;onfrsm;xHü 0efcH
tyfESHMuzdkY pdefac:jcif;jzihf tpjyKcJhonf/ þtcef;BuD;ESihftcef;BuD; 2wkdY\
qufpyfaerIukd owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;onf 4if;wkdY\txufrSm
tmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcH&rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifayw½kuajymcJhonf/ þemcH
jcif;onf ,kHMunfolcifyGef;onftay:ü vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfouJhokdY r,kH
MunfolcifyGef;onftay:üvnf; vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifayw½k
u tav;teufajymcJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 2wGif &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfol
rsm;onf ocifbk&m;ü 4if;wkdY\txufrS r,kHMunfoltmPmykdifrsm;ukd
232
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihftxufrSmtmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcHwwfzkdYoifhtm; aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ cufcJ
aomtcsdefrsm;üyif ol\bkef;awmftwGuf ykHoufaoaumif;
wpfckjzpfzdkY oifhtm;aus;Zl;awmfukd ay;oem;&efawmif;avQmuf
yg/
oifhtxufrS tmPmykdifrsm;tjzpf bk&m;ocifucGJcefxm;aom
olrsm;tay:ü qefYusifajymqkdcJhonfhpum;rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwf
ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;avQmufyg/
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf aojcif;üyifcrnf;awmfukd emcHcJhonfh
ocifa,&Iuoihf twGufjyocJhonfh ykHOyrmtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ ocifa,½IavQmufvSrf;cJhouJhokdY avQmufvSrf;
Ekdif&ef aus;Zl;awmfukdbk&m;ocifxHüawmif;avQmufyg/
2525
2525
25
vifESihfr,m;0wfvifESihfr,m;0wf
vifESihfr,m;0wfvifESihfr,m;0wf
vifESihfr,m;0wf
1 ay 3;1-7 ukdzwf½Iyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;taejzifh uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdxm;onfh qufqH&if;ESD;rI
rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í þpmapmif&Sd&Sifayw½k\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY
aoaocsmcsm prf;ppfavhvmaecJhMuygonf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;
jcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdY\txufrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY uREkfyfwkdYukd
pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ þtykdif;wGif &Sifayw½kuvifESihfr,m;Mum;&Sd qufqH
&if;ESD;rItaMumif;ukd OD;wnftav;ay;xm;onf/
ZeD;onfrsm;ZeD;onfrsm;
ZeD;onfrsm;ZeD;onfrsm;
ZeD;onfrsm;
&Sifayw½ku ZeD;onfrsm;tm; 4if;wdkY\cifyGef;onfrsm;xHü 0efcH
tyfESHMuzdkY pdefac:jcif;jzihf tpjyKcJhonf/ þtcef;BuD;ESihftcef;BuD; 2wkdY\
qufpyfaerIukd owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfoltm;vkH;onf 4if;wkdY\txufrSm
tmPmykdifrsm;ukd emcH&rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifayw½kuajymcJhonf/ þemcH
jcif;onf ,kHMunfolcifyGef;onftay:ü vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfouJhokdY r,kH
MunfolcifyGef;onftay:üvnf; vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sifayw½k
u tav;teufajymcJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 2wGif &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfol
rsm;onf ocifbk&m;ü 4if;wkdY\txufrS r,kHMunfoltmPmykdifrsm;ukd
232
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif vifESihfr,m;0wf
0efcHtyfESHMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; twdtvif;ajymqkdcJhonf/ uRefrsm;onf
4if;wkdY\ r,kHMunfolocifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf/ tvm;wlyif c&pf
,mefZeD;onfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\cifyGef;onfrsm;onf ,kHMunfoljzpfap?
r,kHMunfoljzpfap olwkdYukdemcH&rnfjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefZeD;onf\ bk&m;ocifxHü opömcHjcif;onf olrESifh
olr\cifyGef;onfwkdY\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIxufta&;BuD;aMumif;ukd uRekfyfwkdY
rSwfom;xm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ wrefawmf 5;29 wGif t&yfbuf
tmPmykdifrsm;u ocifa,½I\emrawmfü oGefoifjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMuzdkY
trdefYukd wrefawmfBuD;rsm;u Oayu©mjyKcJhMuonf/ tmPmykdifrsm;\
trdefYonf wrefawmfBuD;rsm;ukdocifbk&m;\ trdefYawmftm; ajymifwif;
wif;jiif;y,fapaomaMumifh xdktrdefYukdwrefawmfBuD;rsm;u vkdvkd
vm;vm;vspfvsL½IcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefZeD;onfonfolr\
cifyGef;ukd emcHjcif;ESihfbk&m;ociftm;emcHjcif;rSwpfckukd a&G;cs,f&rnfqkd
vQif bk&m;ocif\omíjrihfaomtmPmukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&G;cs,f
&rnfjzpfonf/ okdYaomf tjcm;t&mrsm;tm;vkH;wGif cifyGef;onfukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;0efcHtyfESH&rnf/
&Sifayw½ku r,kHMunfolcifyGef;onfESihf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;aom
c&pf,mefZeD;onfukd txl;ajymxm;ygonf/ olr\0efcHtyfESHwwfaom
pdwfoabmaMumihf cifyGef;onfrSm EIwfuywfawmfukd ,kHMunfvmEkdif
aomaMumifh cifyGef;onfxHü 0efcHtyfESHzkdY &Sifayw½kuolrukdpdefac:cJh
onf/ r,kHMunfol cifyGef;onfukd ,kHMunfolZeD;onfu cspfjrwfEkd;í
*kPfjyKav;pm;jcif;onf tvGeftpGrf;xufaom ykHoufaor[kwfygvm;/
cifyGef;onfonf þtcsif;t&maMumifh olrukd½kdaoav;pm;½kHomru?
olrukd xdkjzpfwnfrItwdkif;zefwD;cJhonfh ocifbk&m;ukdvnf; cspfvm
aumif;cspfvmEkdifygonf/
ppfwyfxJrS ppfom;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdukd emcHí
0efcHtyfESH&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ xkdokdYrjyKvkyfvQif a&SUwef;\rsufESmwGif
olwkdYonf ½IyfaxG;rIrsm;? y&rf;ywmjzpfjcif;rsm;ESihfom &ifqkdif&ygvdrfh
rnf/ rdom;pkwGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ ZeD;onfjzpfolonf rdrd
vkyfEkdiforQukd cifyGef;onfESifh pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf vkyfaqmif
&rnf/ olronfcifyGef;onfukdtdrfaxmifOD;pD;tjzpf yHhykd;ulnDí*kPfjyK
av;pm;&rnf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzihf olronfolYESvkH;om;ukd
odrf;ykdufíolY&JU 0dnmOfukdyif u,fwifaumif;u,fwifay;Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYacwfumvwGif trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufonf tjyifyef;
tvStyukd t"dutav;xm;rd&efrSmtvGefvG,fulygonf/ &Sifayw½ku
tdrfaxmif&SifZeD;onftm; ukd,fhukd,fukd*½kpdkufjyKpk&mü olrjyKvkyfEkdif
onfht&mrsm;ukd rjyKvkyfzdkYwm;jrpfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ okdYaomftrsKd;orD;
rsm;tm; tjyifyef;tvStyü 4if;wkdY\pdwfukdESpfrxm;bJ? twGif;o@mef
tvSjzpfaom tusihfpm&dwåESihf pdwfxm;rsm;üom pdwfukdESpfxm;MuzkdY
pdefac:cJhonf/ qHyifukduspfqHNrD;uspfjcif;rsm;? a&TaiGvuf0wfvufpm;
rsm;? t0wftxnfaumif;rsm;onf trsKd;orD;wpfOD;ukd vSyatmifzefwD;
ay;aomt&mrsm;r[kwfMuyg/ trsKd;orD;wpfOD;\ ppfrSefaomtvSty
onf twGif;o@mefrSxGufvmaomt&mjzpfonf/ olr\El;nHhodrfarGU
íwnfNidrfaom pdwfxm;onft0wftpm;aumif;rsm;tm;vkH;xuf tq
aygif;rsm;pGm vSyygonf/ þtjyifyef;tvStyonf tvsiftjrefarS;rSdef
aysmufuG,foGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ twGif;o@meftvStyjzpfaom tusihf
234 235
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif vifESihfr,m;0wf
0efcHtyfESHMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; twdtvif;ajymqkdcJhonf/ uRefrsm;onf
4if;wkdY\ r,kHMunfolocifrsm;xHü 0efcHtyfESHMu&rnf/ tvm;wlyif c&pf
,mefZeD;onfrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\cifyGef;onfrsm;onf ,kHMunfoljzpfap?
r,kHMunfoljzpfap olwkdYukdemcH&rnfjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefZeD;onf\ bk&m;ocifxHü opömcHjcif;onf olrESifh
olr\cifyGef;onfwkdY\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIxufta&;BuD;aMumif;ukd uRekfyfwkdY
rSwfom;xm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ wrefawmf 5;29 wGif t&yfbuf
tmPmykdifrsm;u ocifa,½I\emrawmfü oGefoifjcif;ukd rjyKvkyfMuzdkY
trdefYukd wrefawmfBuD;rsm;u Oayu©mjyKcJhMuonf/ tmPmykdifrsm;\
trdefYonf wrefawmfBuD;rsm;ukdocifbk&m;\ trdefYawmftm; ajymifwif;
wif;jiif;y,fapaomaMumifh xdktrdefYukdwrefawmfBuD;rsm;u vkdvkd
vm;vm;vspfvsL½IcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefZeD;onfonfolr\
cifyGef;ukd emcHjcif;ESihfbk&m;ociftm;emcHjcif;rSwpfckukd a&G;cs,f&rnfqkd
vQif bk&m;ocif\omíjrihfaomtmPmukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&G;cs,f
&rnfjzpfonf/ okdYaomf tjcm;t&mrsm;tm;vkH;wGif cifyGef;onfukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;0efcHtyfESH&rnf/
&Sifayw½ku r,kHMunfolcifyGef;onfESihf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;aom
c&pf,mefZeD;onfukd txl;ajymxm;ygonf/ olr\0efcHtyfESHwwfaom
pdwfoabmaMumihf cifyGef;onfrSm EIwfuywfawmfukd ,kHMunfvmEkdif
aomaMumifh cifyGef;onfxHü 0efcHtyfESHzkdY &Sifayw½kuolrukdpdefac:cJh
onf/ r,kHMunfol cifyGef;onfukd ,kHMunfolZeD;onfu cspfjrwfEkd;í
*kPfjyKav;pm;jcif;onf tvGeftpGrf;xufaom ykHoufaor[kwfygvm;/
cifyGef;onfonf þtcsif;t&maMumifh olrukd½kdaoav;pm;½kHomru?
olrukd xdkjzpfwnfrItwdkif;zefwD;cJhonfh ocifbk&m;ukdvnf; cspfvm
aumif;cspfvmEkdifygonf/
ppfwyfxJrS ppfom;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdukd emcHí
0efcHtyfESH&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ xkdokdYrjyKvkyfvQif a&SUwef;\rsufESmwGif
olwkdYonf ½IyfaxG;rIrsm;? y&rf;ywmjzpfjcif;rsm;ESihfom &ifqkdif&ygvdrfh
rnf/ rdom;pkwGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ ZeD;onfjzpfolonf rdrd
vkyfEkdiforQukd cifyGef;onfESifh pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf vkyfaqmif
&rnf/ olronfcifyGef;onfukdtdrfaxmifOD;pD;tjzpf yHhykd;ulnDí*kPfjyK
av;pm;&rnf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzihf olronfolYESvkH;om;ukd
odrf;ykdufíolY&JU 0dnmOfukdyif u,fwifaumif;u,fwifay;Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYacwfumvwGif trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufonf tjyifyef;
tvStyukd t"dutav;xm;rd&efrSmtvGefvG,fulygonf/ &Sifayw½ku
tdrfaxmif&SifZeD;onftm; ukd,fhukd,fukd*½kpdkufjyKpk&mü olrjyKvkyfEkdif
onfht&mrsm;ukd rjyKvkyfzdkYwm;jrpfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ okdYaomftrsKd;orD;
rsm;tm; tjyifyef;tvStyü 4if;wkdY\pdwfukdESpfrxm;bJ? twGif;o@mef
tvSjzpfaom tusihfpm&dwåESihf pdwfxm;rsm;üom pdwfukdESpfxm;MuzkdY
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238 239
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238 239
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ab;b,fxm;MuzdkY awmif;qkdxm;onf/
ZeD;onfonf cifyGef;jzpfolukdav;pm;*kPfjyK&rnf/ cifyGef;onf
uvnf; rdrd\ZeD;tm;av;pm;n§mwmjcif;r&SdvQif rdrd\qkawmif;oHrsm;
onf tajzr&onfhtjyif bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukdvnf; cH&rnf
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tusKd;ukdaxmufxm;aomtm;jzihf ukd,fhtwåESihfawmifhwrIrsm;ukd ab;
z,fxm;zdkY twlwuGoif,lMu&rnf/ ocifbk&m;tzkdYtvkdYiSg? olwkdYonf
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;aumif;BuD;ay;í &yfwnfay;&rnf/ &Sifayw½k\oGefoif
csuft& þonfrSmtdrfaxmifrdom;pktwGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUtdrfaxmifzufonf oifhtxJüocifa,½Iukdrnfonfh
twkdif;twmtxd awGUjrifygoenf;/ oihf&JUtjyKtrlESihftajym
tqkdü ocifbk&m;\twGif;o@meftvStyukd vufawGUjyo
aeygovm;/
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uREkfyfwkdYukd xdef;csKyfjcif;(okdY) pkd;rkd;cs,fvS,fjcif;ukd qkdvkdygovm;/
oihfonf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;aomoljzpfvQif oihfESihfoihf&JUZeD;
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aeMuygovm; (okdY) &nf&G,fcsufrsm;uGJjym;aeMuygovm;/
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rsm;twGuf þusrf;csufurnfonfh owday;csufukdaz:jyxm;
ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
tdrfaxmif&SifwpfOD;taejzihf oihf&JUcifyGef;xHü 0efcHtyfESHí
vufwGJ&yfwnfEkdifzkdY pGrf;aqmifay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
cifyGef;onfwpfOD;taejzihf oihf&JUZeD;ukd ykdíaxmufxm;n§mwm
í ½kdaoav;pm;oljzpfvmzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUMuifazmfujzpfapvkdonfh yk*¾dKvfjzpfvmzdkY oihftm;aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmuf&ef tcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/
vifESihfr,m;0wf
240 241
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rqufqHvQif bk&m;ocifonfolYukd ausmckdif;í ol\qkawmif;oHrsm;ukd
ajzMum;zkdYjiif;y,frnf[laomtcsuf ukd txl;owdjyKyg/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;&rnfhtcsufrSm tdrfaxmifrdom;
pkwGif owfowfrSwfrSwf&Sdaom tcef;u@rsm;&SdaepOfwGif cifyGef;onf
rsm;ESihf ZeD;onfrsm;Mum;wGif tjyeftvSefav;pm;rI&Sd&rnf/ ZeD;onf
onfrdrd\cifyGef;xHwGif 0efcHtyfESHí cifyGef;onfonfvnf; rdrdZeD;\
aemufwGif&yfwnfay;í olr\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf tusKd;pD;yGm;wGif olrukd
axmufyHhay;&if; cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&rnf/ &Sifayw½ku cifyGef;onfESihf
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ab;b,fxm;MuzdkY awmif;qkdxm;onf/
ZeD;onfonf cifyGef;jzpfolukdav;pm;*kPfjyK&rnf/ cifyGef;onf
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onf tajzr&onfhtjyif bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukdvnf; cH&rnf
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tusKd;ukdaxmufxm;aomtm;jzihf ukd,fhtwåESihfawmifhwrIrsm;ukd ab;
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&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oihf&JUtdrfaxmifzufonf oifhtxJüocifa,½Iukdrnfonfh
twkdif;twmtxd awGUjrifygoenf;/ oihf&JUtjyKtrlESihftajym
tqkdü ocifbk&m;\twGif;o@meftvStyukd vufawGUjyo
aeygovm;/
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oihfonf tdrfaxmifjyKxm;aomoljzpfvQif oihfESihfoihf&JUZeD;
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rsm;twGuf þusrf;csufurnfonfh owday;csufukdaz:jyxm;
ygoenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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vufwGJ&yfwnfEkdifzkdY pGrf;aqmifay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
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í ½kdaoav;pm;oljzpfvmzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUMuifazmfujzpfapvkdonfh yk*¾dKvfjzpfvmzdkY oihftm;aus;Zl;
awmfukd ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmuf&ef tcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/
vifESihfr,m;0wf
240 241
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2626
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26
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;
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pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;
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ESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü &Sifoefjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf
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rsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYaemufqkH;avhvmcJhonfh
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a,mufqufqH&if;ESD;rItwGuf cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;cJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyf
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qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ukd xdef;csKyf&efa,bl,svrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdUukd &Sifay
w½kuay;cJhonf/
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavmpdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavm
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pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;jzihf &SifoefaexkdfMuzkdY pdefac:&if;tpjyKcJhonf/
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;[laom pum;vkH;onf wpfenf;wpfvrf;wnf;
pOf;pm;awG;ac:zkdY tpOfBudK;pm;&rnf[k rqkdvkdaMumif;ukd od&Sdem;vnf
242
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvrS tdrfaxmifa&;rsm;xHü temNidrf;jcif;
trIukd bk&m;ocifaqmif,lvmrnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;yg/
tMuifvifr,m;tjzpfESihf oifwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;
om;ukdykdí &Sif;vif;pGmxif[yfEkdifMurnfhtaMumif; oifwkdY&JU
tdrfaxmifa&;rsm;ukd Munfh½IapmifrzdkY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
rdrdemrawmf\ bkef;awmftwGufbk&m;ocifonf oifESihfoihf&JU
MuifazmfwkdYukd ykdíeufeJckdifNrJpGm qufpyfay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2626
2626
26
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;
1 ay 3;8-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
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aomt&mrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf rdrdwkdY\teD;ywf0ef;usifrSvlrsm;
ESihf oifhwifhrSefuefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIü &Sifoefjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYukdtkyfcsKyfaom t&yfbuftmPmykdif
rsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYaemufqkH;avhvmcJhonfh
tykdif;wGif cifyGef;onfrsm;ESihfZeD;onfrsm;ukd 4if;wkdYwpfa,mufESihfwpf
a,mufqufqH&if;ESD;rItwGuf cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;cJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYawGUjrifcJhMuonf/ tcef;BuD; 3 \ þtykdif;wGifc&pfawmfukd,fcE¨m&Sd
qufqH&if;ESD;rIrsm;ukd xdef;csKyf&efa,bl,svrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdUukd &Sifay
w½kuay;cJhonf/
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavmpdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavm
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavmpdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavm
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;&SdMuavm
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pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;jzihf &SifoefaexkdfMuzkdY pdefac:&if;tpjyKcJhonf/
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;[laom pum;vkH;onf wpfenf;wpfvrf;wnf;
pOf;pm;awG;ac:zkdY tpOfBudK;pm;&rnf[k rqkdvkdaMumif;ukd od&Sdem;vnf
242
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvrS tdrfaxmifa&;rsm;xHü temNidrf;jcif;
trIukd bk&m;ocifaqmif,lvmrnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;yg/
tMuifvifr,m;tjzpfESihf oifwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;
om;ukdykdí &Sif;vif;pGmxif[yfEkdifMurnfhtaMumif; oifwkdY&JU
tdrfaxmifa&;rsm;ukd Munfh½IapmifrzdkY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
rdrdemrawmf\ bkef;awmftwGufbk&m;ocifonf oifESihfoihf&JU
MuifazmfwkdYukd ykdíeufeJckdifNrJpGm qufpyfay;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
xm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨müuGJjym;jcm;em;
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uGJjym;aom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifMuonf/ þtpdwftykdif;rsm;
onf wpfckESihfwpfckykHo@mefrwlMuouJhokdY tvkyfvkyfMuykHrSmvnf;
uGJjym;Muonf/ okdYaomf tif*sifpufwpfvkH;aumif;aumif;rGefrGefvnfywf
EkdifzkdY þtpdwftykdif;rsm;tm;vkH;onf wnDwñGwfwnf;tvkyfvkyfMu
&rnf/ tpdwftykdif;tm;vkH;onf wlnDaom&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifwpfck
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&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd yxrae&müxm;&SdrSom ocifc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m
&Sdtpdwftykdif;rsm;rSm wnDwñGwfwnf;tvkyfvkyfEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
ukd,fhtvkdqE´ukd vkyfaqmifzkdYr&SmBuHEkdifyg/ t&mcyfodrf;ukd ocifbk&m;
xHü 0efcHtyfESHxm;Mu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm; woD;wjcm;pDtvkyfvkyfMuzdkY
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csif;cspfjcif;onfrdom;pkwpfckwnf;rS vlrsm;twGufomjzpfonf/
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vkdtyfcsufrsm;wGif pmemoem;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ oem;pkHrufjcif;qkdonf
pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;244 245
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pdwfwnDwñGwfwnf;twl&Sifoef&Sif;248 249
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2727
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2727
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udk;pm;jcif;wkdYonf twl,SOfwGJí r&SdEkdifyg/ bk&m;ocifukd tjynfht0
,kHMunfukd;pm;ípdwfcsaomtcsdefwGif xkdt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\aMumuf&GHU
xdwfvefYjcif;ukd z,f&Sm;ypfygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf
aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYjcif;ukd wGef;vSefEkdifrnfhwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm
4if;wkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJü ocifc&pfawmfukd t&SifociftjzpfcGJcefYowfrSwf
jcif;jzpfonf[k today;xm;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYonfocifc&pf
awmfukd toufwm\t"dutav;xm;&mtjzpf owfrSwfíuREfkyfwkdY\
toufwmukd olYxHüt&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifaomoltjzpf 0efcH
tyfESH&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\b0vrf;c&D;ü a&mufvmaomtajc
taersm;tm;vkH;tay:ü t&Sifocifjzpfonf[k todtrSwfjyK0efcHjcif;
ukdvnf; qkdvkdonf/ pkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm raumif;rI'kp½kdufuykdí
wefckd;&Sdoa,mif ½Ijrifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ okdYaomfocifbk&m;onf uREkfyf
wkdYtoufwmü jzpfvmEkdifonfh raumif;rIrsm;tm;vkH;xufomí BuD;jrwf
awmfrlonf/ olonfywf0ef;usiftajctaetm;vkH;ESihf cyfodrf;aom ppf
aMumpkHprf;jcif;wkdY\ t&Sifocifjzpfonf/
oawzefonf ausmufcJjzihfypfaygufjcif;jzifh tqkH;pD&ifjcif;rcH&
rDwGif aumif;uifodkYarmhMunfh&m bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfukdvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocif\vufsmbufü ocifa,½I&yfaeonfukdvnf; aumif;awGU
jrifcJhonf (wrefawmf 7;55)/ þtcsif;t&maMumifh oawzefonf
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ukd &ifqkdif&efcGeftm;opfrsm;&&SdcJhonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYtcuftcJtEÅ&m,fusa&mufcsdefu uREkfyfwkdY\pdwftm½kHukd ocifa,
½Iüpl;pkdufxm;&rnf/ olonfþpBuF0|mBuD;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifawmfrl
aomt&Sifjzpfonf/ olonft&mcyfodrf;\t&Sifjzpfonf/ wpfaeYwGif
vlwkdif;onf olYa&SUwGif'l;axmufMu&rnf/ olrxdef;csKyfaomt&mr&Sdyg/
olYukdwkduf½kduftEkdif,lEkdifaom &efolr&Sdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonfolY&JUvufxJwGif
&SdaeMuNyD; toufwmüvkdtyfcsufrsm; &SdvmaomtcsdefwGif olxHü0efcH
tyfESHMuygonf/ olYukdt&Sifociftjzpf todtrSwfjyK0efcHjcif;u uREkfyf
wkdYukdppfaMumjcif;rsm;tv,füomí euf½Idif;aomNidrfoufjcif;jzihf
avQmufvSrf;Ekdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;ygonf/
ocifc&pfawmfukd t&Sifociftjzpf cGJcefYrSwfom;jcif;onf
toufwm\ tjzpftysufrsm;ESihf ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;tm;udk
254 255
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh qif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
ocifa,&Iuxdef;csKyfaeygonf[k todtrSwfjyKjcif;xufykdygonf/
olYukdemcHjcif;jzihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;qkdvkdonf/ olut&Sif
ocifjzpfvQif uREkfyfrSmemcHrI&SdaomtapcHjzpf&rnf[k todtrSwf jyK0efcH
jcif;jzpfonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;aMumif;?
tqifajy&majyaMumif;jyKvkyfrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulonf/ okdYaomf
þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif ocifa,½IüuREkfyfwkdYykdfifqkdifxm;onfh
trSefw&m;ukd þavmuDom;rsm;tm; ppfrSefpGmoufaojyEkdifonf/
avmuDom;rsm;onf ocifa,½IukduREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü cufcJusyfwnf;
aomumvrsm;wGif ykdíxif&Sm;pGmawGUjrifMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½I
\atmifEkdifjcif;wefckd;awmfukd awGUjrifMuonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
c&pf,mefrsm;u rnfokdYausmfjzwfatmifEkdifMuonfukd avmuDom;rsm;
awGUjrifzkdY vkdtyfonf/ qif;&J'ku©ukd aus;Zl;awmfESihfwuG 0rf;ajrmufjcif;?
opöm&Sd jcif;wkdYjzihf &ifqkdifMuaomc&pf,mefrsm;ukd olwkdYawGUjrifzkdYvkdonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukdjypfrSm;apmfum;aomolrsm;ukdcspfícGifhvTwfay;&ef bk&m;
ocif\wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYxJüolwkdYawGUjrifzkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYcH&
aomqif;&J'ku©ü bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESihf *½kPmawmftm;
oufaojyMuonfukd olwkdYawGUjrifMuonf/ þtcsif;t&mu uREkfyfwkdY\
cufcJ½kef;uefrIrsm;ü xkduJhokdYaomarQmfvifhcsufESihf pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrsm;
tb,fhaMumifh&SdaeMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ar;jref;zdkYolwkdYudkjzpfapcJhonf/
þarQmf vihfcsuftb,faMumifh&Sd&onfukd ajymqkda0iS&eftqifoihf
jzpfaeMuzkdY &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:cJhonf (i,f 15)/
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif BuHKawGU&aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü ocifc&pfawmfukd
emcHjcif;ESihf opöm&Sd&Sd&SifoefavQmufvSrf;aomolrsm;tm;vkH; twGuf
bk&m;ocifay;urf;xm;aom arQmfvifhcsufESihfaus;Zl;awmf\ xda&mufrI
&SdaomoufaocHcsufwpfckjzpfonf/
þarQmfvifhcsufukd ajymqkda0iS&ef oifhwifhavQmufywfaom
enf;vrf;wpfck&SdaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf El;nHhaomoabm?
av;pm;aMumuf&GHUaomoabmESihf twloufaocH&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\ emusifrIrsm;üyifuREkfyfwkdYukd temw&jzpfapaomolrsm;tm;
jyefvnfwkefYjyef&mwGif þEl;nHhjcif;ESihf ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd bk&m;ocif
\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwpfyg;wnf;uomay;oem;Ekdifygonf/
'g0d'fonfþtcsuf\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/
olonfa&Smvkukd £oa&vvlrsKd;rsm;tm;OD;aqmifzkdYbk&m;ocif
a&G;aumufwifajrmufxm;aomol tjzpf tNrJav;pm;cJhonf/ a&Smvku
'g0d'fudkowfzkdYBudK;pm;aomtcsdefüyif 'g0d'fonfolYukdbk&m;ocif
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhaomoltjzpf qufvufí ½kdaoav;pm;cJhonf/
ola&Smvk\raumif;rIrsm;ukdajymzkdY jiif;qkdcJhonf/ olonf a&Smvk\
vkyf&yfrsm;ukd rcsD;usL;cJhaomfvnf; a&SmvktaMumif;olajymqkdrIESifh
a&Smvktay:üvkyf&yfwkdYwGif eufeJao½kdao av;pm;rIukd jyocJhygonf
(1&m 26;9-11? 23-24 ukdMunfhyg)/
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaomt&mtm;vkH;wGif bk&m;ocif\rsuf
arSmufawmfü MowyÜpdwfMunfvifpGmjzihf vkyfaqmifMu&rnf/ xkdokdYtm;
jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtaMumif; oGm;ykwfavvGihfajymqkdolrsm;tm; aemufqkH;wGif
t&SufcGJjcif;ESifhBuHKawGU&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkYd\vdrfvnfajymqkdrIrsm;ukd
vlrsm;uodjrifvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\aexkdifusihfBuHykHESihf aumuf
uspf,kwfrmaomwkdufckdufcH&rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYwkefYjyefykHwGif vlwkdYutrSef
256 257
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh qif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
ocifa,&Iuxdef;csKyfaeygonf[k todtrSwfjyKjcif;xufykdygonf/
olYukdemcHjcif;jzihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukdvnf;qkdvkdonf/ olut&Sif
ocifjzpfvQif uREkfyfrSmemcHrI&SdaomtapcHjzpf&rnf[k todtrSwf jyK0efcH
jcif;jzpfonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif at;&mat;aMumif;?
tqifajy&majyaMumif;jyKvkyfrd&efrSm tvGefvG,fulonf/ okdYaomf
þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif ocifa,½IüuREkfyfwkdYykdfifqkdifxm;onfh
trSefw&m;ukd þavmuDom;rsm;tm; ppfrSefpGmoufaojyEkdifonf/
avmuDom;rsm;onf ocifa,½IukduREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü cufcJusyfwnf;
aomumvrsm;wGif ykdíxif&Sm;pGmawGUjrifMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½I
\atmifEkdifjcif;wefckd;awmfukd awGUjrifMuonf/ ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
c&pf,mefrsm;u rnfokdYausmfjzwfatmifEkdifMuonfukd avmuDom;rsm;
awGUjrifzkdY vkdtyfonf/ qif;&J'ku©ukd aus;Zl;awmfESihfwuG 0rf;ajrmufjcif;?
opöm&Sd jcif;wkdYjzihf &ifqkdifMuaomc&pf,mefrsm;ukd olwkdYawGUjrifzkdYvkdonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukdjypfrSm;apmfum;aomolrsm;ukdcspfícGifhvTwfay;&ef bk&m;
ocif\wefckd;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYxJüolwkdYawGUjrifzkdYvkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYcH&
aomqif;&J'ku©ü bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESihf *½kPmawmftm;
oufaojyMuonfukd olwkdYawGUjrifMuonf/ þtcsif;t&mu uREkfyfwkdY\
cufcJ½kef;uefrIrsm;ü xkduJhokdYaomarQmfvifhcsufESihf pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrsm;
tb,fhaMumifh&SdaeMuonfukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ar;jref;zdkYolwkdYudkjzpfapcJhonf/
þarQmf vihfcsuftb,faMumifh&Sd&onfukd ajymqkda0iS&eftqifoihf
jzpfaeMuzkdY &Sifayw½ku,kHMunfolrsm;ukd pdefac:cJhonf (i,f 15)/
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif BuHKawGU&aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü ocifc&pfawmfukd
emcHjcif;ESihf opöm&Sd&Sd&SifoefavQmufvSrf;aomolrsm;tm;vkH; twGuf
bk&m;ocifay;urf;xm;aom arQmfvifhcsufESihfaus;Zl;awmf\ xda&mufrI
&SdaomoufaocHcsufwpfckjzpfonf/
þarQmfvifhcsufukd ajymqkda0iS&ef oifhwifhavQmufywfaom
enf;vrf;wpfck&SdaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf El;nHhaomoabm?
av;pm;aMumuf&GHUaomoabmESihf twloufaocH&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\ emusifrIrsm;üyifuREkfyfwkdYukd temw&jzpfapaomolrsm;tm;
jyefvnfwkefYjyef&mwGif þEl;nHhjcif;ESihf ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd bk&m;ocif
\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwpfyg;wnf;uomay;oem;Ekdifygonf/
'g0d'fonfþtcsuf\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/
olonfa&Smvkukd £oa&vvlrsKd;rsm;tm;OD;aqmifzkdYbk&m;ocif
a&G;aumufwifajrmufxm;aomol tjzpf tNrJav;pm;cJhonf/ a&Smvku
'g0d'fudkowfzkdYBudK;pm;aomtcsdefüyif 'g0d'fonfolYukdbk&m;ocif
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhaomoltjzpf qufvufí ½kdaoav;pm;cJhonf/
ola&Smvk\raumif;rIrsm;ukdajymzkdY jiif;qkdcJhonf/ olonf a&Smvk\
vkyf&yfrsm;ukd rcsD;usL;cJhaomfvnf; a&SmvktaMumif;olajymqkdrIESifh
a&Smvktay:üvkyf&yfwkdYwGif eufeJao½kdao av;pm;rIukd jyocJhygonf
(1&m 26;9-11? 23-24 ukdMunfhyg)/
uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaomt&mtm;vkH;wGif bk&m;ocif\rsuf
arSmufawmfü MowyÜpdwfMunfvifpGmjzihf vkyfaqmifMu&rnf/ xkdokdYtm;
jzihf uREkfyfwkdYtaMumif; oGm;ykwfavvGihfajymqkdolrsm;tm; aemufqkH;wGif
t&SufcGJjcif;ESifhBuHKawGU&rnfjzpfonf/ olwkYd\vdrfvnfajymqkdrIrsm;ukd
vlrsm;uodjrifvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\aexkdifusihfBuHykHESihf aumuf
uspf,kwfrmaomwkdufckdufcH&rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYwkefYjyefykHwGif vlwkdYutrSef
256 257
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
w&m;ukd awGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ EkdifiHawmfpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;udpö&yfrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í 'Ha,v\jyKvkyfaqmif&GufrIrsm;ukd tjypf&SmpGyfpJGzkdY taMumif;
t&if;rsm;ukd xkdacwfumvrS t&yfbuftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;u
BudKpm;&SmBuHaomtcg olwkdYrSmrwwfpGrf;EkdifcJhMuyg/ taMumif;rSm 'Ha,v
onf rdrdvufatmuf&Sd pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;udpö&yfrsm;wGif opöm&SdcJhaom
aMumihfjzpfonf ('Ha,v 6;4-5)/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukdvnf;
xkdtwkdif;yif &SifoefMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; raumif;rI'kp½dkufjyK
vkyfjcif;xuf ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmftwdkif; aumif;aomtusihf
ukdusihfBuHjcif;twGuf qif;&J'ku©cH&onfu ydkíaumif;ygonf[k tod
ay;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfESihftnD tajc
taetaMumif;udpö&yfrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf tNrJvG,fulaernf
r[kwfyg/ qefYusifbufjyKcH&jcif;ESihf cufcJusyfwnf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif
zkdYbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd qifhac:aomtcsdefrsm;&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/
toufwmü þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifMuonfESihftrQ
ocifc&pfawmfukd t&SifociftjzpfESihf uREkfyfwdkYukd,fhukd,fukdqufuyf
tyfESHítvkdawmfukd opöm&SdpGmjzihfemcH&if; avQmufvSrf;touf&Sif&rnf
jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;u olowfrSwfxm;aomjynfhpkHaumif;rGefonfh
tcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdqkvufaqmifay;rnfhtaMumif;ukd todtrSwfjyK
&if; uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü olYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Mu&
rnf/
258
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ESihfopöm&Sd&Sd &SifoefavQmufvSrf;
aecsdefwGifyif qif;&J'ku©cH&onfhtaMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
þusrf;csufurnfonfht&mukd oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;ukd emcHjcif;u qif;&J'ku©ukd rcHpm;&zkdYtmrcHay;yg
ovm;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYaMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYMuonfh
tjzpfonf tb,fhaMumihfta&;ygoenf;/ aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefY
jcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; rnfokdYjzpfapygoenf;/ aMumuf&GHU
xdwfvefYjcif;ü tnHhcHrnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYtwGufxm;&dSaom
ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmfum;tb,fenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfukd t&Sifociftjzpf pdwfESvkH;xJüwdwdusus
owfrSwfcGJcefYxm;jcif;\ qkdvkd&if;um;tb,fenf;/ þb0\
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efþtcsufu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYpGrf;aqmifay;ygoenf;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd oufaojzpfjcif;wefqmtjzpf bk&m;
ocifurnfokdYtokH;jyKygoenf;/ oif&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif oufaoaumif;wpfa,muftNrJjzpfae
cJhygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdY\&efolrsm;ukd av;pm;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifayw½ku
rnfokdYajymcJhygoenf;/ þt&mukd oifhtoufwmü vufawGU
&Sifoefjyozl;ygovm;/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh qif;&J'ku©cH&jcif; 259
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
w&m;ukd awGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ EkdifiHawmfpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;udpö&yfrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í 'Ha,v\jyKvkyfaqmif&GufrIrsm;ukd tjypf&SmpGyfpJGzkdY taMumif;
t&if;rsm;ukd xkdacwfumvrS t&yfbuftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdifrsm;u
BudKpm;&SmBuHaomtcg olwkdYrSmrwwfpGrf;EkdifcJhMuyg/ taMumif;rSm 'Ha,v
onf rdrdvufatmuf&Sd pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;udpö&yfrsm;wGif opöm&SdcJhaom
aMumihfjzpfonf ('Ha,v 6;4-5)/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmukdvnf;
xkdtwkdif;yif &SifoefMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; raumif;rI'kp½dkufjyK
vkyfjcif;xuf ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmftwdkif; aumif;aomtusihf
ukdusihfBuHjcif;twGuf qif;&J'ku©cH&onfu ydkíaumif;ygonf[k tod
ay;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfESihftnD tajc
taetaMumif;udpö&yfrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf tNrJvG,fulaernf
r[kwfyg/ qefYusifbufjyKcH&jcif;ESihf cufcJusyfwnf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif
zkdYbk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdYukd qifhac:aomtcsdefrsm;&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/
toufwmü þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifMuonfESihftrQ
ocifc&pfawmfukd t&SifociftjzpfESihf uREkfyfwdkYukd,fhukd,fukdqufuyf
tyfESHítvkdawmfukd opöm&SdpGmjzihfemcH&if; avQmufvSrf;touf&Sif&rnf
jzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;u olowfrSwfxm;aomjynfhpkHaumif;rGefonfh
tcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdqkvufaqmifay;rnfhtaMumif;ukd todtrSwfjyK
&if; uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü olYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Mu&
rnf/
258
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ESihfopöm&Sd&Sd &SifoefavQmufvSrf;
aecsdefwGifyif qif;&J'ku©cH&onfhtaMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
þusrf;csufurnfonfht&mukd oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;ukd emcHjcif;u qif;&J'ku©ukd rcHpm;&zkdYtmrcHay;yg
ovm;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYaMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYMuonfh
tjzpfonf tb,fhaMumihfta&;ygoenf;/ aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefY
jcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; rnfokdYjzpfapygoenf;/ aMumuf&GHU
xdwfvefYjcif;ü tnHhcHrnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYtwGufxm;&dSaom
ocifbk&m;\ tvkdawmfum;tb,fenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfukd t&Sifociftjzpf pdwfESvkH;xJüwdwdusus
owfrSwfcGJcefYxm;jcif;\ qkdvkd&if;um;tb,fenf;/ þb0\
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efþtcsufu uREkfyfwkdYukd
rnfokdYpGrf;aqmifay;ygoenf;/
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd oufaojzpfjcif;wefqmtjzpf bk&m;
ocifurnfokdYtokH;jyKygoenf;/ oif&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;tv,fwGif oufaoaumif;wpfa,muftNrJjzpfae
cJhygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdY\&efolrsm;ukd av;pm;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifayw½ku
rnfokdYajymcJhygoenf;/ þt&mukd oifhtoufwmü vufawGU
&Sifoefjyozl;ygovm;/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh qif;&J'ku©cH&jcif; 259
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2828
2828
28
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
1 ay 3;18-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
uREfkyfwdkY\ ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ESifh cufcJyifyef;jcif;rsm;
tv,fwGif &Sifayw½ku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\ pdwfESvHk;xJwGif
ocifa,½Iudk t&Sifociftjzpf cGJcefYowfrSwfxm;&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
tcef;BuD; 3 \ þaemufqHk;tydkif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm;
4if;wdkYtwGuf ocifa,½I vkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mudk jyefvnftoday;cJh
onf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u ocifa,½Ionf tjypf
'kp½kdufaMumifh taoowfjcif;udk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh tm;vHk;twGuf
(once for all) cHawmfrlonf[k a&;om;cJhonf/ ]]tm;vHk;}} (all) [laom
pum;vHk;udk t"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh bmomjyefxm;Muonf/ yxr
bmomjyefxm;csufrSm ocifa,½Ium;wdkifxufü taocHaomtcsdefwGif
olonfwpfBudrfwnf;jzifh tNrJwrf;twGuf taocHcJhonf[lí jzpfonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdk&vQif tjcm;aojcif; aemufxyfvdktyfawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ þwpfckaom aojcif;u 4if;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif taumif
txnfazmf NyD;ajrmufjynfhpHkzdkY &nf&G,fxm;onfht&m tm;vHk;udk tx
ajrmufjynfhpHkap&ef vHkavmufygonf/
260
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
toufwmü oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;tm;vHk;
ausmfjzwfí oifhudk ac:aqmifoGm;EdkifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMum pHkprf;jcif;rsm;tv,füyif
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;rSm oifhtwGuf tvQHty,f
&SdaeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhtoufwm&Sd aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYjcif;tm;vHk;udk atmifjrif
ausmfjzwfEdkifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;udk awmif;avQmufyg/
olYudkydkí jynfhjynfh00 ,HkMunfudk;pm;EdkifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf ,aeYwGif ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;wpfckudk &ifqdkifaeyg
ovm;/ oifhpdwfESvHk;xJü oifcifbk&m;udk t&Sifociftjzpf
wdwdusus cGJcefYrSwfom;Edkif&ef pGrf;aqmif;ay;zdkY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;ü oifhtm;pdwfESdrfhcsí
opöm&Sdaomoltjzpf qufvufxm;&Sd&ef bk&m;ocifudk awmif;
avQmufyg/ xdkodkYtm;jzifh oifonf avmuDom;rsm;a&SUwGif
tjyKoabmaqmifaom oufaowpfyg;jzpfvmygvdrfhrnf/
oifh&JU&efoludk oifav;pm;wwfzdkY oGefoifay;&ef ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;ESifhtwl oifavQmufvSrf;
&Sifoef&mwGif oifhudk yHkpHoGif;ay;zdkY xdk&efolrsm;udk wefqmyvm
tjzpf ocifbk&m;u toHk;jyKrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2828
2828
28
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI
1 ay 3;18-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
uREfkyfwdkY\ ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ESifh cufcJyifyef;jcif;rsm;
tv,fwGif &Sifayw½ku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\ pdwfESvHk;xJwGif
ocifa,½Iudk t&Sifociftjzpf cGJcefYowfrSwfxm;&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
tcef;BuD; 3 \ þaemufqHk;tydkif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm;
4if;wdkYtwGuf ocifa,½I vkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mudk jyefvnftoday;cJh
onf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif wrefawmfBuD;u ocifa,½Ionf tjypf
'kp½kdufaMumifh taoowfjcif;udk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh tm;vHk;twGuf
(once for all) cHawmfrlonf[k a&;om;cJhonf/ ]]tm;vHk;}} (all) [laom
pum;vHk;udk t"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh bmomjyefxm;Muonf/ yxr
bmomjyefxm;csufrSm ocifa,½Ium;wdkifxufü taocHaomtcsdefwGif
olonfwpfBudrfwnf;jzifh tNrJwrf;twGuf taocHcJhonf[lí jzpfonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdk&vQif tjcm;aojcif; aemufxyfvdktyfawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ þwpfckaom aojcif;u 4if;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif taumif
txnfazmf NyD;ajrmufjynfhpHkzdkY &nf&G,fxm;onfht&m tm;vHk;udk tx
ajrmufjynfhpHkap&ef vHkavmufygonf/
260
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
toufwmü oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;tm;vHk;
ausmfjzwfí oifhudk ac:aqmifoGm;EdkifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMum pHkprf;jcif;rsm;tv,füyif
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmrsm;rSm oifhtwGuf tvQHty,f
&SdaeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhtoufwm&Sd aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYjcif;tm;vHk;udk atmifjrif
ausmfjzwfEdkifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;udk awmif;avQmufyg/
olYudkydkí jynfhjynfh00 ,HkMunfudk;pm;EdkifzdkY ulnDrpay;&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf ,aeYwGif ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;wpfckudk &ifqdkifaeyg
ovm;/ oifhpdwfESvHk;xJü oifcifbk&m;udk t&Sifociftjzpf
wdwdusus cGJcefYrSwfom;Edkif&ef pGrf;aqmif;ay;zdkY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oif&ifqdkif&aom ppfaMumpHkprf;jcif;ü oifhtm;pdwfESdrfhcsí
opöm&Sdaomoltjzpf qufvufxm;&Sd&ef bk&m;ocifudk awmif;
avQmufyg/ xdkodkYtm;jzifh oifonf avmuDom;rsm;a&SUwGif
tjyKoabmaqmifaom oufaowpfyg;jzpfvmygvdrfhrnf/
oifh&JU&efoludk oifav;pm;wwfzdkY oGefoifay;&ef ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;avQmufyg/ ocifbk&m;ESifhtwl oifavQmufvSrf;
&Sifoef&mwGif oifhudk yHkpHoGif;ay;zdkY xdk&efolrsm;udk wefqmyvm
tjzpf ocifbk&m;u toHk;jyKrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
'kwd, bmomjyefxm;csufrSm ocifc&pfawmfonf wpfBudrf
wnf;jzifh tjypf'kp½dkuftm;vHk;twGuf taocHawmfrlcJhonf [laom
t,ltqjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGefcJhaom tjypfESifh uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGef
rnfhtjypfonf ocifa,½I\wpfBudrftaocHjcif;\ vTrf;NcHKxm;jcif;ukd
cHMu&onf/ "r®a[mif;acwfumvwGif axmifaomif;csDaom EGm;ESihf
qdwfrsm;ukd taoowfcJhMuaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftm;vkH;
ukdvTrf;NcHKEdkifpGrf;r&SdcJhMuyg/ ocifa,&I\aojcifuuREfkyfwdkY\tjypf'k
p&dkuftm;vHk;udkcGifhvTwfay;cJhonf/
wwd,taejzihf ]]tm;vkH;}}[laom pum;vkH;\tjcm;t,ltq
&Sdao;onf/ ocifa,½Ic&pf\ wpfBudrftaocHjcif;u txHawmfokdY
a&muf&SdvmMurnfholrsm;tm;vkH; (rnfolrqkd)\ tjypfrsm;ukd NcHKvTrf;cJh
onf[líjzpfonf/ txHawmfokdYa&muf&SdvmMurnfholrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESihf tjypfaq;aMumoefYpifjcif;&Sdygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif ocifa,½ItaocHjcif;onf rajzmifhrwf
aomolrsm;twGuf ajzmifhrwfaomol\aojcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
rajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonfocifbk&m;
\ trsufa'goatmufü&SdaecJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrSm tjypfay;pD&ifjcif;
ESihfxkdufwefcJhMuonf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif ocifa,½IrSm ajzmifhrwfaom
oljzpfcJhonf/ olYwGiftjypfoabmobm0r&SdcJhí tjypf'kp½kdufukdvnf;
rusL;vGefcJhyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf tzkd;tcukday;
cJhaombk&m;ocif\ yuwdjynfhpkHawmfrlaom okd;oli,fjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf ocifa,½I\ tHhzG,fcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ukd þusrf;ykd'füawGU&
ygonf/ ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmonf uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olESihfqufqH
&if;ESD;cGihfukd &&SdrnftaMumif; olrusL;vGefcJhaomtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;twGuf
tzkd;tcukday;&ef rdrd\toufukdvkdvkdvm;vm; ay;qyfvkdaomcspfjcif;
arwåmrsKd;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifa,½Ionf
ukd,fcE¨mtm;jzihf taoowfjcif;ukdcHcJh&aomfvnf; aojcif;w&m;onf
olYukdqGJrxm;EkdifcJhyg[k qufvufíajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tjypfrJh
aomom;awmfjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm olonfocsKØif;rS½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihf
&SifjyefxajrmufcJhonf/ olonftjypf'kp½dkufESihfaojcif;ukdatmifEkdifcJh
onf/ olY&JUatmifEkdifjcif;u uREkfyfwkdYukdarQmfvifhcsufay;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 19wGif &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf ocifc&pfawmfukd touf&Sifjcif;odkY
a&mufapaomtcg olonfaem{acwfrS emcHjcif;r&SdcJhMuaom tusOf;
usaeonfh 0dnmOfrsm;xHokdYoGm;í w&m;a[mcJhaMumif;tm; rnfokdYajym
jycJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þusrf;ykd'fonfteufzGihf &Sif;vif;csufa&;om;
aomolrsm;ukd jyóemay;cJhaomaMumifh þae&mütwkdcsKyfavhvmokH;
oyf&efvkdtyfonf/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifayw½konf aem{\orkdif;ukd tb,fh
aMumifhaz:jycJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü
jyKvkyfoGm;cJhonfhtrIukd OyrmokH;í&Sif;jyvkdaomaMumifh[k xifygonf/
aem{wkdY\acwfumvwGif bk&m;ocifonf BuD;rm;aoma&vTrf;rkdk;rIBuD;
wpfckukd apvTwfjcif;jzihf tjypf'kp½kdufESihfykefuefjcif;ukd w&m;pD&ifzdkY a&G;
cs,fcJhonf/ a&BuD;jcif;onf urÇmBuD;ukdvTrf;NcHKí oabFmBuD;tm;jzifh
uG,fumjcif;rcH&aom a,mufsm;? rdef;r? uav;oli,frsm;ESihf touf&Sif
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI262 263
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
'kwd, bmomjyefxm;csufrSm ocifc&pfawmfonf wpfBudrf
wnf;jzifh tjypf'kp½dkuftm;vHk;twGuf taocHawmfrlcJhonf [laom
t,ltqjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGefcJhaom tjypfESifh uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGef
rnfhtjypfonf ocifa,½I\wpfBudrftaocHjcif;\ vTrf;NcHKxm;jcif;ukd
cHMu&onf/ "r®a[mif;acwfumvwGif axmifaomif;csDaom EGm;ESihf
qdwfrsm;ukd taoowfcJhMuaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf tjypf'kp½kduftm;vkH;
ukdvTrf;NcHKEdkifpGrf;r&SdcJhMuyg/ ocifa,&I\aojcifuuREfkyfwdkY\tjypf'k
p&dkuftm;vHk;udkcGifhvTwfay;cJhonf/
wwd,taejzihf ]]tm;vkH;}}[laom pum;vkH;\tjcm;t,ltq
&Sdao;onf/ ocifa,½Ic&pf\ wpfBudrftaocHjcif;u txHawmfokdY
a&muf&SdvmMurnfholrsm;tm;vkH; (rnfolrqkd)\ tjypfrsm;ukd NcHKvTrf;cJh
onf[líjzpfonf/ txHawmfokdYa&muf&SdvmMurnfholrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf
tjypfvTwfjcif;ESihf tjypfaq;aMumoefYpifjcif;&Sdygonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif ocifa,½ItaocHjcif;onf rajzmifhrwf
aomolrsm;twGuf ajzmifhrwfaomol\aojcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/
rajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonfocifbk&m;
\ trsufa'goatmufü&SdaecJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrSm tjypfay;pD&ifjcif;
ESihfxkdufwefcJhMuonf/ tjcm;wpfzufwGif ocifa,½IrSm ajzmifhrwfaom
oljzpfcJhonf/ olYwGiftjypfoabmobm0r&SdcJhí tjypf'kp½kdufukdvnf;
rusL;vGefcJhyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf tzkd;tcukday;
cJhaombk&m;ocif\ yuwdjynfhpkHawmfrlaom okd;oli,fjzpfonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYonf ocifa,½I\ tHhzG,fcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ukd þusrf;ykd'füawGU&
ygonf/ ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmonf uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf olESihfqufqH
&if;ESD;cGihfukd &&SdrnftaMumif; olrusL;vGefcJhaomtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;twGuf
tzkd;tcukday;&ef rdrd\toufukdvkdvkdvm;vm; ay;qyfvkdaomcspfjcif;
arwåmrsKd;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifa,½Ionf
ukd,fcE¨mtm;jzihf taoowfjcif;ukdcHcJh&aomfvnf; aojcif;w&m;onf
olYukdqGJrxm;EkdifcJhyg[k qufvufíajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tjypfrJh
aomom;awmfjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm olonfocsKØif;rS½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihf
&SifjyefxajrmufcJhonf/ olonftjypf'kp½dkufESihfaojcif;ukdatmifEkdifcJh
onf/ olY&JUatmifEkdifjcif;u uREkfyfwkdYukdarQmfvifhcsufay;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 19wGif &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf ocifc&pfawmfukd touf&Sifjcif;odkY
a&mufapaomtcg olonfaem{acwfrS emcHjcif;r&SdcJhMuaom tusOf;
usaeonfh 0dnmOfrsm;xHokdYoGm;í w&m;a[mcJhaMumif;tm; rnfokdYajym
jycJhonfukd owdjyKyg/ þusrf;ykd'fonfteufzGihf &Sif;vif;csufa&;om;
aomolrsm;ukd jyóemay;cJhaomaMumifh þae&mütwkdcsKyfavhvmokH;
oyf&efvkdtyfonf/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifayw½konf aem{\orkdif;ukd tb,fh
aMumifhaz:jycJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü
jyKvkyfoGm;cJhonfhtrIukd OyrmokH;í&Sif;jyvkdaomaMumifh[k xifygonf/
aem{wkdY\acwfumvwGif bk&m;ocifonf BuD;rm;aoma&vTrf;rkdk;rIBuD;
wpfckukd apvTwfjcif;jzihf tjypf'kp½kdufESihfykefuefjcif;ukd w&m;pD&ifzdkY a&G;
cs,fcJhonf/ a&BuD;jcif;onf urÇmBuD;ukdvTrf;NcHKí oabFmBuD;tm;jzifh
uG,fumjcif;rcH&aom a,mufsm;? rdef;r? uav;oli,frsm;ESihf touf&Sif
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI262 263
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aomowå0grsm;tm;vkH;ukd zsufqD;cJhonf/ þonfrSm tjypf'kp½kdufukd
pD&ifaom bk&m;ocif\r[mw&m;pD&ifjcif;jzpfcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; aem{\acwfumvrSvlrsm;uJhokdY jzpfcJhMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufü vrf;aysmufumbk&m;ocif\ w&m;
pD&ifjcif;atmufwGif &SdcJhonf/ þuJhokdYaom tajctaewGifocifa,½I
onf jyóemajz&Sif;csufwpfckukd ay;urf;&ef<uqif;vmcJhonf/ olonf
vkHNcHKpdwfcs&aom oabmFwpfpD;ukday;cJhonf/ olukd,fwkdifu uREkfyfwkdY
\oabFmBuD;jzpfonf/ olYtm;jzihfomvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifpD
&ifjcif;a&ukd jzwfoef;EkdifcJhMuvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ aem{oabFmBuD;\ tjyif
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½ku ocifc&pfawmfonf ]]wpfBudrfwnf;ESihftm;vkH;
twGuf}} taocHcJhonf[k ajymqkdcJhcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd
qkdvkdcJhoenf;/ rnfokdYaomcGeftm;rsKd;ukd þt&mrSoif&&Sdyg
oenf;/
268
ocifa,½I\ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf uREkffyfwdkYxHü rnfokdYaom
arQmfvifhcsufukd ,laqmifvmay;ygoenf;/
aem{\oabFmBuD;onf ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaomtrI\ ykHaqmif
jyorIwpfckrnfokdY jzpfEkdifoenf;/
AwåZHonf rnfonfht&mukd ykHaqmifygoenf;/ aem{\Zmwf
vrf;tjzpftysufonf AwådZHtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfodkY
oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
aem{ESihfoabFmBuD;onf xkdacwfumvrsvlrsm;xHü bk&m;ocif
\u,fwifjcif;ukd rnfokdYykHaqmif&Sif;jyygoenf;/ rsKd;qufrsm;
tm;vkH;xHü rdrd\u,fwifjcif;ukd qufoG,fajymqkdjy&efrSm
bk&m;ocif\ pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;ukd þt&muuREkfyfwkdYtm;
rnfokdY oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufxJü &SdaepOfwGifyif bk&m;ocifonf
ukd,fhukd,fukd ay;qyftepfemcH&ef wkefYqkdif;raecJhaomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
aem{ESihfoabFmBuD;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;vrf;ukd
ykHazmf&Sif;jycJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü
þw&m;a'oemawmfukd rnfokdYod&SdapcJhonfhtay:ü aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
um;wkdifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIaMumifh ,ckuREkfyf
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI 269
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ykefuefaomolrsm;xHü owif;auif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhonfh enf;
vrf;jzpfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
oabFmBuD;onf aem{\rdom;pktwGuf wpfckwnf;aomarQmf
vifhcsufjzpfouJhokdY ocifa,½IonfuREkfyfwkdY\ wpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifh
csufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHokdY jyefvmEkdifrnfhtaMumif;
olonftaocHcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;a&ukd
ab;uif;vkHNcHKpGm jzwfausmfoGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif; oltaocHcJhonf/
ocifh\taoG;awmfonf uREkfyfwkdY\tjypftm;vkH;ukd vTrf;NcHKxm;onfukd
od&jcif;rSm tb,frQtHhzG,fjzpfygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifukd
aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif;r&SdbJ csOf;uyfEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
þatmuft&yfü uREkfyfwkdY\ qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUjcif;r&SdbJ
&ifqkdifEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionfbk&m;ocifukd emcHcJhaomaMumifh
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf aojcif;wkdYudk&ifqdlifcJh&aomfvnf; olonf&Sifjyef
xajrmufjcif;atmifyGJjzihf ocsØKif;rSxajrmufcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf
uREkfyfwdkYtm; qif;&J'ku©rsm;&ifqkdif&csdefwGif bk&m;ocifxHü rjywf
wrf;opöm&SdaezkdY cGeftm;ay;ap&rnfjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½ku ocifc&pfawmfonf ]]wpfBudrfwnf;ESihftm;vkH;
twGuf}} taocHcJhonf[k ajymqkdcJhcsdefwGif rnfonfht&mukd
qkdvkdcJhoenf;/ rnfokdYaomcGeftm;rsKd;ukd þt&mrSoif&&Sdyg
oenf;/
268
ocifa,½I\ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf uREkffyfwdkYxHü rnfokdYaom
arQmfvifhcsufukd ,laqmifvmay;ygoenf;/
aem{\oabFmBuD;onf ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaomtrI\ ykHaqmif
jyorIwpfckrnfokdY jzpfEkdifoenf;/
AwåZHonf rnfonfht&mukd ykHaqmifygoenf;/ aem{\Zmwf
vrf;tjzpftysufonf AwådZHtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfodkY
oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
aem{ESihfoabFmBuD;onf xkdacwfumvrsvlrsm;xHü bk&m;ocif
\u,fwifjcif;ukd rnfokdYykHaqmif&Sif;jyygoenf;/ rsKd;qufrsm;
tm;vkH;xHü rdrd\u,fwifjcif;ukd qufoG,fajymqkdjy&efrSm
bk&m;ocif\ pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;ukd þt&muuREkfyfwkdYtm;
rnfokdY oGefoifay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufxJü &SdaepOfwGifyif bk&m;ocifonf
ukd,fhukd,fukd ay;qyftepfemcH&ef wkefYqkdif;raecJhaomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
aem{ESihfoabFmBuD;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;vrf;ukd
ykHazmf&Sif;jycJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü
þw&m;a'oemawmfukd rnfokdYod&SdapcJhonfhtay:ü aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
um;wkdifxufü ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom trIaMumifh ,ckuREkfyf
ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrI 269
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2929
2929
29
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
1 ay 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf bk&m;ocif\r[mu,fwifjcif;trIrS ocif
a,½I\ atmifjrifaom trIawmftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ tcef;
BuD; 3\ aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif ocifa,½Ionf wpfBudrfwnf;ESihftm;vkH;
twGuftaocHcJhaMumif;ukd az:jycJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 4\ yxrtykdif;wGif
xkdt&monf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? &vm'ftaejzihf ,kHMunfolwkdY\ wkefYjyefjcif;onf rnfokdY
jzpfoihfaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; tcsdef,lí&Sif;jycJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½I
'ku©cHcJhonfhenf;wl 'ku©cH&efukd,fhukd,fukd vufeufwyfqifxm;Mu&ef
pdefac:cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IxHawmfokdYvmvQif uREkfyfwkdY\
'ku©rsm;ESihfemusifjcif;rsm; &yfpJoGm;rnf[k uwday;aomowif;aumif;ukd
a[majymaeaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ þonfrSmrrSefyg/ trSefqkd&vQif ocif
a,½IxHodkYvmjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
ykdíyif,laqmifvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Ionfqif;&J'ku©udkBuHKawGU
uREkfyfwkdYvnf;BuHKawGU&ygrnf/ avmuDom;rsm;uuREkfyfwkdYudkvnf;aumif;?
270
wkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom atmifjrifjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/
um;wkdifxufüjyKvkyfcJhaomtrIonf uREkfyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½kduf
tm;vkH;ukd vTrf;NcHKcJhonfhtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/
oihftwGufjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmfukdaxmufí &Sifoef&efoifh
tm;ulnDrpzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ oifhb0&JUppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;tm;vkH;ü ocifESihftwlopöm&Sd&Sd avQmufvSrf;íolYukd,kHMunf
ukd;pm;aezkdYulnDrp&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
2929
2929
29
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;
1 ay 4;1-6 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf bk&m;ocif\r[mu,fwifjcif;trIrS ocif
a,½I\ atmifjrifaom trIawmftaMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ tcef;
BuD; 3\ aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif ocifa,½Ionf wpfBudrfwnf;ESihftm;vkH;
twGuftaocHcJhaMumif;ukd az:jycJhonf/ tcef;BuD; 4\ yxrtykdif;wGif
xkdt&monf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? &vm'ftaejzihf ,kHMunfolwkdY\ wkefYjyefjcif;onf rnfokdY
jzpfoihfaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; tcsdef,lí&Sif;jycJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½I
'ku©cHcJhonfhenf;wl 'ku©cH&efukd,fhukd,fukd vufeufwyfqifxm;Mu&ef
pdefac:cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IxHawmfokdYvmvQif uREkfyfwkdY\
'ku©rsm;ESihfemusifjcif;rsm; &yfpJoGm;rnf[k uwday;aomowif;aumif;ukd
a[majymaeaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ þonfrSmrrSefyg/ trSefqkd&vQif ocif
a,½IxHodkYvmjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd
ykdíyif,laqmifvmygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Ionfqif;&J'ku©udkBuHKawGU
uREkfyfwkdYvnf;BuHKawGU&ygrnf/ avmuDom;rsm;uuREkfyfwkdYudkvnf;aumif;?
270
wkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom atmifjrifjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/
um;wkdifxufüjyKvkyfcJhaomtrIonf uREkfyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½kduf
tm;vkH;ukd vTrf;NcHKcJhonfhtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/
oihftwGufjyKvkyfcJhaom trIawmfukdaxmufí &Sifoef&efoifh
tm;ulnDrpzkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ oifhb0&JUppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;tm;vkH;ü ocifESihftwlopöm&Sd&Sd avQmufvSrf;íolYukd,kHMunf
ukd;pm;aezkdYulnDrp&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; em;vnfMurnfr[kwfyg/ pmwef
onf ocifa,½IukdwkdufckdufcJhouJhodkY ocifa,½IaemufokdYvkdufaom
olrsm;ukdvnf; wkdufckdufygvdrfhrnf/
þqif;&J'ku©cHjcif;rSm ½kyfcE¨müjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ avmuD
ESihfqkdifaom þcE¨mukd,fonf tjypf'kp½kduf\ ½kdufcwfrIukdcH&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þukd,fcE¨mukd aumif;uifbkHokdY uREkfyfwkdYESihftwlwuG
,laqmifoGm;Murnfr[kwfyg/ 4if;onf þavmuESihfoufqkdifí
þavmuüyif ysufpD;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ þavmuDukd,f cE¨m
onf ocifc&pfawmf\bkef;BuD;jcif;ESihfwuG &SifjyefxajrmufcJhaom
ukd,fcE¨muJhokdY ajymif;vJoGm;rnfjzpfonf (zdvdyÜd 3;21? 1aum 15;42-
54ukdMunfhyg)/
tcef;i,f 1wGif &Sifayw½ku ½kyfcE¨müqif;&J'ku©cH&aomol
rsm;onf ]]tjypf'kp½kdufESihf vGwfNidrf;apNyD}} jzpfaMumif;ukd qufvufí
ajymcJhonf/ &Sifayw½kqkdvdkonfh t"dyÜg,fukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
aygufxm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½ku ocifa,½Iqif;&J'ku©cH
cJhouJhokdY 'ku©cH&efukd,fhukd,fukd vufeufwyfqifcJhaomolrsm;taMumif;
ukdajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtzkd;tcukdyif ay;qyf&ygap? rdrd\
twåpdwfüaoí ocifa,½Iukd&SmBuH&ef a&G;cs,faomolrsm;taMumif;ukd
ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf toufwmütjypf'kp½kdufESihf
vGwfNidrf;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufukd ausmckdif;íocifa,½Iukd
&SmBuHzkdYa&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf tzkd;tcukday;qyfzkdY toifhjzpfcJh
Muonf/ olwkdYonfowif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cH&ef
vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJhMuonf/ þtajctaeonf ocifa,½IESihfuREkfyfwkdY
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;&Sdxm;&rnfh tajctaejzpfonf/
&Sifayw½konf rdrd\y&dowfwkdYukdaumif;aumif;odcJhonf/ olwkdY
onfocifa,½IESihf rawGUBuHKrDü &SdcJhaomtajctaersKd;wGif &SdaeMuonf/
olwkdYonf avmuDom;rsm;uJhokdYjzpfí? pyspf&nfESihf,pfrl;jcif;? udavom
npfnL;jcif;? umrwyfrufjcif;? t"r®½kyfxkukd ukd;uG,fjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyf
cJhMuonf/ þtajctaeonf ocifa,½Iukd olwkdYrawGU&SdrDü aexkdifusif
vnfcJhMuonfh tajctaejzpfonf/ olwkdY\toufwmrsm; rajymif;vJcJh
yg/ ,aeYwGif r,kHMunfolrsm;ukd avhvmem;axmifMunfhyg/ olwkdY\
toufwmonf tcef;i,f 3ü azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; jzpfaeonfukd
awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf Zmwd\qkd;npfaomawmifhwrIrsm;ukd auR;
arG;jyKpk&ef &SifoefaeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 4t& ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þavmu\,kwfnHhaom
vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;ü yg0ifqifETJ&efpdwfqE´r&SdMuawmhonfukd r,kHMunf
olrsm;u tvGefxl;qef;aomt&mtjzpf xifrSwfcJhMuonf/ r,kHMunf
olrsm;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ aumif;rGefaomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd tNrJvkdvkd
uJh&JU½Iwfcsí ,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrdwdkYpdwftm;&auseyfzkdY jyKvkyfaomt&m
rsm;ukd tHhMocJhMuonf/ u,fwifjcif;rcHaomolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m
udpö&yfrsm;ü tm;&auseyfrIESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif;ukd em;rvnfcJh
MuaomaMumifh 4if;wkdYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd uJh&JU&,farmcJhMuonf/
þr,kHMunfolrsm; em;rvnfaomt&mrSm 4if;wkdY\tjypf
'kp½kduftwGufaMumifh 4if;wkdYukdw&m;pD&ifrnfh xm0&bk&m;xHü b0ajz
&Sif;csufukday;&rnfh aeY&ufa&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf (i,f 5)/
xkdw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf csufcsif;vufiif;a&mufvmrnf r[kwfaomfvnf;?
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;272 273
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; em;vnfMurnfr[kwfyg/ pmwef
onf ocifa,½IukdwkdufckdufcJhouJhodkY ocifa,½IaemufokdYvkdufaom
olrsm;ukdvnf; wkdufckdufygvdrfhrnf/
þqif;&J'ku©cHjcif;rSm ½kyfcE¨müjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ avmuD
ESihfqkdifaom þcE¨mukd,fonf tjypf'kp½kduf\ ½kdufcwfrIukdcH&onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þukd,fcE¨mukd aumif;uifbkHokdY uREkfyfwkdYESihftwlwuG
,laqmifoGm;Murnfr[kwfyg/ 4if;onf þavmuESihfoufqkdifí
þavmuüyif ysufpD;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ þavmuDukd,f cE¨m
onf ocifc&pfawmf\bkef;BuD;jcif;ESihfwuG &SifjyefxajrmufcJhaom
ukd,fcE¨muJhokdY ajymif;vJoGm;rnfjzpfonf (zdvdyÜd 3;21? 1aum 15;42-
54ukdMunfhyg)/
tcef;i,f 1wGif &Sifayw½ku ½kyfcE¨müqif;&J'ku©cH&aomol
rsm;onf ]]tjypf'kp½kdufESihf vGwfNidrf;apNyD}} jzpfaMumif;ukd qufvufí
ajymcJhonf/ &Sifayw½kqkdvdkonfh t"dyÜg,fukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfoabm
aygufxm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½ku ocifa,½Iqif;&J'ku©cH
cJhouJhokdY 'ku©cH&efukd,fhukd,fukd vufeufwyfqifcJhaomolrsm;taMumif;
ukdajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtzkd;tcukdyif ay;qyf&ygap? rdrd\
twåpdwfüaoí ocifa,½Iukd&SmBuH&ef a&G;cs,faomolrsm;taMumif;ukd
ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf toufwmütjypf'kp½kdufESihf
vGwfNidrf;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf tjypf'kp½kdufukd ausmckdif;íocifa,½Iukd
&SmBuHzkdYa&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf tzkd;tcukday;qyfzkdY toifhjzpfcJh
Muonf/ olwkdYonfowif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cH&ef
vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJhMuonf/ þtajctaeonf ocifa,½IESihfuREkfyfwkdY
\qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;&Sdxm;&rnfh tajctaejzpfonf/
&Sifayw½konf rdrd\y&dowfwkdYukdaumif;aumif;odcJhonf/ olwkdY
onfocifa,½IESihf rawGUBuHKrDü &SdcJhaomtajctaersKd;wGif &SdaeMuonf/
olwkdYonf avmuDom;rsm;uJhokdYjzpfí? pyspf&nfESihf,pfrl;jcif;? udavom
npfnL;jcif;? umrwyfrufjcif;? t"r®½kyfxkukd ukd;uG,fjcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyf
cJhMuonf/ þtajctaeonf ocifa,½Iukd olwkdYrawGU&SdrDü aexkdifusif
vnfcJhMuonfh tajctaejzpfonf/ olwkdY\toufwmrsm; rajymif;vJcJh
yg/ ,aeYwGif r,kHMunfolrsm;ukd avhvmem;axmifMunfhyg/ olwkdY\
toufwmonf tcef;i,f 3ü azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; jzpfaeonfukd
awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdYonf Zmwd\qkd;npfaomawmifhwrIrsm;ukd auR;
arG;jyKpk&ef &SifoefaeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 4t& ,kHMunfolrsm;onf þavmu\,kwfnHhaom
vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;ü yg0ifqifETJ&efpdwfqE´r&SdMuawmhonfukd r,kHMunf
olrsm;u tvGefxl;qef;aomt&mtjzpf xifrSwfcJhMuonf/ r,kHMunf
olrsm;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ aumif;rGefaomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd tNrJvkdvkd
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rsm;ukd tHhMocJhMuonf/ u,fwifjcif;rcHaomolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m
udpö&yfrsm;ü tm;&auseyfrIESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif;ukd em;rvnfcJh
MuaomaMumifh 4if;wkdYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd uJh&JU&,farmcJhMuonf/
þr,kHMunfolrsm; em;rvnfaomt&mrSm 4if;wkdY\tjypf
'kp½kduftwGufaMumifh 4if;wkdYukdw&m;pD&ifrnfh xm0&bk&m;xHü b0ajz
&Sif;csufukday;&rnfh aeY&ufa&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;jzpfonf (i,f 5)/
xkdw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf csufcsif;vufiif;a&mufvmrnf r[kwfaomfvnf;?
pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;272 273
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aemufqkH;wGif trSefwu,fa&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ rESpfNrdKUzG,f tusihf
p½kduftwGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;ESihf bk&m;ocif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ukd uJh&JUcJhaomaMumihfvnf;aumif; olwkdYonfwpfaeYwGif xm0&
bk&m;ukd &Sif;vif;csufay;&rnfjzpfonf/
þw&m;pD&ifjcif;aMumifh owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majym
ae&jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifayw½k þpmapmifukda&;om;cJhcsdefü aoqkH;oGm;
cJhMuaom olrsm;xHüyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhaMumif;
ukd tcef;i,f 6wGif owdjyKyg/ tapmqkH;umvjzpfonfh {\'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJüyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif
u tm'HESihf{0xHü pmwef\OD;acgif;ukd eif;acsrnfh4if;wdkYrS qif;ouf
vmrnfholwpfa,mufukd uwdjyKcJhonf/ xkdolrSm rdrdvlrsKd;wkdYtm; tjypf
'kp½kdufrS u,fEIwf&ef <uqif;vmrnfhocifa,½Iyifjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;
ya&mzufrsm;u rdrd\vlwkdYukd u,fEIwf&efqif;<uvmrnfh ar&Sd,t
aMumif;tao;pdwfukd ajymjycJhMuonf/
vlwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ xm0&bk&m;pD&ifjcif;rS vGwfajrmuf
rnftaMumif; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhMuonf/ uREkfyf
wdkYonf ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihfaojcif;w&m;ukd &ifqkdif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ocif
a,½I\owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf
aumif;uifbkHt&Sif bk&m;ocif\ rsufarSmufawmfwGifxm0&&Sifoef
EkdifMuNyDjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½I\ trItwGufqefYusifcH&jcif;ESihf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;wkdY
ukd &ifqkdif&efvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygovm;/ oifonftjypf'kp½kduf
ESihfvGwfNidrf;ygovm;/
r,kHMunfolrsm;onf oihf&JUtoufwm&SifoefykHü xl;jcm;csufukd
awGUjrifMuygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
ocifa,½Iukd oifoduRrf;vmcsdefwGif oifhtoufwmü rnfonfh
tajymif;tvJ a&mufvmygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oifhtwGufrdrd\toufukd vkdvkdvm;vm;
pGefYvTwfay;qyfcJhjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf ZmwdyuwdESihf4if;\ awmifhwrIrsm;ü ykdíykdíao&ef
ulnDrpay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf Zmwdyuwd\ awmifhwrIwpfckckESihf vkH;yef;ae&yg
ovm;/ þtjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd oihftm;ay;
oem;&ef awmif;avQmufzkdY tcsdef,lyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ ½kyfcE¨mü qif;&J'ku©ukdvuf&SdcHpm;ae&vihfupm;?
tem*wftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYü tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufwpfck&Sdaejcif;
aMumifh ukd,fawmfhukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
275pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;274
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aemufqkH;wGif trSefwu,fa&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ rESpfNrdKUzG,f tusihf
p½kduftwGufvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;ESihf bk&m;ocif\enf;
vrf;rsm;ukd uJh&JUcJhaomaMumihfvnf;aumif; olwkdYonfwpfaeYwGif xm0&
bk&m;ukd &Sif;vif;csufay;&rnfjzpfonf/
þw&m;pD&ifjcif;aMumifh owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majym
ae&jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifayw½k þpmapmifukda&;om;cJhcsdefü aoqkH;oGm;
cJhMuaom olrsm;xHüyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhaMumif;
ukd tcef;i,f 6wGif owdjyKyg/ tapmqkH;umvjzpfonfh {\'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJüyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif
u tm'HESihf{0xHü pmwef\OD;acgif;ukd eif;acsrnfh4if;wdkYrS qif;ouf
vmrnfholwpfa,mufukd uwdjyKcJhonf/ xkdolrSm rdrdvlrsKd;wkdYtm; tjypf
'kp½kdufrS u,fEIwf&ef <uqif;vmrnfhocifa,½Iyifjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;
ya&mzufrsm;u rdrd\vlwkdYukd u,fEIwf&efqif;<uvmrnfh ar&Sd,t
aMumif;tao;pdwfukd ajymjycJhMuonf/
vlwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ xm0&bk&m;pD&ifjcif;rS vGwfajrmuf
rnftaMumif; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymcJhMuonf/ uREkfyf
wdkYonf ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzihfaojcif;w&m;ukd &ifqkdif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ocif
a,½I\owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf
aumif;uifbkHt&Sif bk&m;ocif\ rsufarSmufawmfwGifxm0&&Sifoef
EkdifMuNyDjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifa,½I\ trItwGufqefYusifcH&jcif;ESihf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;wkdY
ukd &ifqkdif&efvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygovm;/ oifonftjypf'kp½kduf
ESihfvGwfNidrf;ygovm;/
r,kHMunfolrsm;onf oihf&JUtoufwm&SifoefykHü xl;jcm;csufukd
awGUjrifMuygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
ocifa,½Iukd oifoduRrf;vmcsdefwGif oifhtoufwmü rnfonfh
tajymif;tvJ a&mufvmygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oifhtwGufrdrd\toufukd vkdvkdvm;vm;
pGefYvTwfay;qyfcJhjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifonf ZmwdyuwdESihf4if;\ awmifhwrIrsm;ü ykdíykdíao&ef
ulnDrpay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oifonf Zmwdyuwd\ awmifhwrIwpfckckESihf vkH;yef;ae&yg
ovm;/ þtjypf'kp½kduftay:ü atmifEkdifjcif;ukd oihftm;ay;
oem;&ef awmif;avQmufzkdY tcsdef,lyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\ ½kyfcE¨mü qif;&J'ku©ukdvuf&SdcHpm;ae&vihfupm;?
tem*wftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYü tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufwpfck&Sdaejcif;
aMumifh ukd,fawmfhukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
275pdwf0dnmOftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;274
3030
3030
30
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyDtqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyDtqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
1 ay 4;7-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufjzpf&jcif;onf
tNrJvG,fulrnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;aecJhygonf/ ocifa,½Iukd
u,fwif&Siftjzpf vufcHcJhaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl avmuDom;
rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufzdkY
tcuftcJ&SdrnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYarQmfvifhxm;&rnf/ udk,fawmfhukd
cspfaomolrsm;twGuf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf cufcJyifyef;jcif;wkdY&Sdvdrfh
rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf arQmfvifhcsufrrJhoihfyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; cyfodrf;aomtrIt&m
wkdY\tqkH;rSm a&mufvkeD;NyDjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf (i,f 7)/ qif;&J'ku©cH
ae&aom,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf þt&monf cGeftm;,lp&mjzpfcJhonf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufokdY tvsiftjrefcsOf;uyfaeyg
onf/ xkdaeY&ufumvwGif cyfodrf;aomqif;&J'ku©rsm;ESihf emusifjcif;rsm;
csKyfNidrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrdvlwkdYukd rdrdESihftwlxm0&
pHpm;&efac:aqmifygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm bk&m;ocifhom;orD;tm;vkH;\
arQmfvifhcsufyifjzpfonf/ wkdufyGJonf ukd,fawmf\wkdufyGJjzpfaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYodxm;MuaomaMumihf tcuftcJrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&JMu
3030
3030
30
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyDtqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyDtqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
1 ay 4;7-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm; ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufjzpf&jcif;onf
tNrJvG,fulrnfr[kwfaMumif;ukd today;aecJhygonf/ ocifa,½Iukd
u,fwif&Siftjzpf vufcHcJhaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl avmuDom;
rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYESihf uREkfyfwkdY\enf;vrf;ukd em;vnfoabmaygufzdkY
tcuftcJ&SdrnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYarQmfvifhxm;&rnf/ udk,fawmfhukd
cspfaomolrsm;twGuf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;ESihf cufcJyifyef;jcif;wkdY&Sdvdrfh
rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf arQmfvifhcsufrrJhoihfyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; cyfodrf;aomtrIt&m
wkdY\tqkH;rSm a&mufvkeD;NyDjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf (i,f 7)/ qif;&J'ku©cH
ae&aom,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf þt&monf cGeftm;,lp&mjzpfcJhonf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufokdY tvsiftjrefcsOf;uyfaeyg
onf/ xkdaeY&ufumvwGif cyfodrf;aomqif;&J'ku©rsm;ESihf emusifjcif;rsm;
csKyfNidrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfonf rdrdvlwkdYukd rdrdESihftwlxm0&
pHpm;&efac:aqmifygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm bk&m;ocifhom;orD;tm;vkH;\
arQmfvifhcsufyifjzpfonf/ wkdufyGJonf ukd,fawmf\wkdufyGJjzpfaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYodxm;MuaomaMumihf tcuftcJrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&JMu
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
onf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESihf w&m;rQwrIonf tqkH;wGifatmifyGJcHygvdrfhrnf/
cyfodrf;aomtrIt&mwkdY\ tqkH;onfa&mufvkeD;NyD[laom
tcsufonf uREkfyfwkdYukd cGeftm;ay;½kHomr[kwf? &Sifayw½k\tqkdt&
xdktcsufonfxkdtqkH;twGuf ,cifuxufykdíykdí jyifqifxm;&efvkd
tyfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;owday;oifhygonf/ tqkH;onfeD;uyf
vmNyD[laomtcsuft& uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfzdkY vkdtyfonfht&mrsm;&Sdaeonf/
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmhor®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmhor®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdjcif;qkdonfrSm pl;pkdufrIwpfck&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\pl;pkdufrIrSm a,mif0g;0g;jzpfcJhonf/
þavmuBuD;onf 4if;\fqGJaqmifrIrsm;ESihftwl uREkfyfwdkY\tm½kHpl;pkduf
rIukdbk&m;ocifxHrS z,f&Sm;&eftpOfBudK;pm;aeygonf/ tqkH;onf eD;uyf
aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifü tm½kHpl;pkduf
xm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ tajy;orm;wpfa,mufuJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY\pl;pkdufrIESihf
tjriftm½kHukd yef;0ifrsOf;ay:ü xm;&Sdxm;&rnf/ udk,fawmfjyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdeftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYtqifoihfjzpfvkdMuonf/ ukd,fhukd,fukdvnf;
csKyfwnf;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;wGif pnf;urf;&SdzdkYvkdtyfonf/ rGefjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rS uREkfyf
wdkYukdaoGz,foGm;aprnfh pkd;&drfylyefrIrsm;udk wGef;vSefMu&rnf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majyma0iSjcif;trIü emcHjcif;&Sdíxm0&umv
ukd ½IajrmfvQufaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmukd qufvufíxdef;odrf;vm;
&efvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfor®mowd&Sdí pnf;urf;&Sd&ef vkdtyf&jcif;\
taMumif;t&if;rSm qkawmif;EkdifzkdYjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ qkawmif;jcif;
qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifESihfqufoG,fajymqkdjcif;jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;
ESifh EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;ñTefí OD;
aqmifygonf/ tcuftcJrsm;wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocif
ESihfwpfukd,fwnf;tcsdef,l&ef vkdtyfrIrsm;rSmvnf; wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmyg
vdrfhrnf/ qkawmif;csdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGifa&mufvmaom ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ESihf tcuftcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdYÓPfynmESihfaus;Zl;awmfukd
&SmawGUMuygonf/ tqkH;owfumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdY
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokYdtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYrSmqkawmif;
Ekdifí ocifbk&m;uay;oem;rnfh ÓPfynmESihfcGeftm; ukd,fawmfhxHrS
qGJ,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf/
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmhtcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmhtcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcef;i,f 8 wGiftcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufcspfjcif;
\ta&;ygykHukd tav;teufjyKxm;onf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf tm;BuD;
aom (euf½Idif;aom) cspfjcif;arwåmjzpf&rnfudkowdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYem;
vnfoabmaygufzkdYvkdtyfonfht&mrSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf vIyf&Sm;vkyf
aqmifrIyg0ifaompum;vkH;jzpfaMumif;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufukd cspfjcif;
qkdonfrSm xkdolYukdtvkyftauR;jyKíulnDapmifha&Smufjcif;jzpfonf/
cspfjcif; arwåmqkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtav;xm;aomolwpfa,muftay:ü
aEG;axG;aomcHpm;csuf&Sd½kHoufoufr[kwfyg/ cspfjcif;arwåmqkdonfrSm
&efvkdrkef;wD;pdwfjzihf jyKrlqufqHcH&vifhupm; tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü
aumif;aomt&mukd jyKvkyfzkdYtpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&ef qufuyf
278 279
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onf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESihf w&m;rQwrIonf tqkH;wGifatmifyGJcHygvdrfhrnf/
cyfodrf;aomtrIt&mwkdY\ tqkH;onfa&mufvkeD;NyD[laom
tcsufonf uREkfyfwkdYukd cGeftm;ay;½kHomr[kwf? &Sifayw½k\tqkdt&
xdktcsufonfxkdtqkH;twGuf ,cifuxufykdíykdí jyifqifxm;&efvkd
tyfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;owday;oifhygonf/ tqkH;onfeD;uyf
vmNyD[laomtcsuft& uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfzdkY vkdtyfonfht&mrsm;&Sdaeonf/
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmhor®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmhor®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdí udk,fhukd,fukdxdef;csKyfavmh
or®mowd&Sdjcif;qkdonfrSm pl;pkdufrIwpfck&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\pl;pkdufrIrSm a,mif0g;0g;jzpfcJhonf/
þavmuBuD;onf 4if;\fqGJaqmifrIrsm;ESihftwl uREkfyfwdkY\tm½kHpl;pkduf
rIukdbk&m;ocifxHrS z,f&Sm;&eftpOfBudK;pm;aeygonf/ tqkH;onf eD;uyf
aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUrS &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifü tm½kHpl;pkduf
xm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ tajy;orm;wpfa,mufuJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY\pl;pkdufrIESihf
tjriftm½kHukd yef;0ifrsOf;ay:ü xm;&Sdxm;&rnf/ udk,fawmfjyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdeftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYtqifoihfjzpfvkdMuonf/ ukd,fhukd,fukdvnf;
csKyfwnf;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\ vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;wGif pnf;urf;&SdzdkYvkdtyfonf/ rGefjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rS uREkfyf
wdkYukdaoGz,foGm;aprnfh pkd;&drfylyefrIrsm;udk wGef;vSefMu&rnf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majyma0iSjcif;trIü emcHjcif;&Sdíxm0&umv
ukd ½IajrmfvQufaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmukd qufvufíxdef;odrf;vm;
&efvkdtyfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfor®mowd&Sdí pnf;urf;&Sd&ef vkdtyf&jcif;\
taMumif;t&if;rSm qkawmif;EkdifzkdYjzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ qkawmif;jcif;
qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifESihfqufoG,fajymqkdjcif;jzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;
ESifh EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;ñTefí OD;
aqmifygonf/ tcuftcJrsm;wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmonfESihftrQ bk&m;ocif
ESihfwpfukd,fwnf;tcsdef,l&ef vkdtyfrIrsm;rSmvnf; wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmyg
vdrfhrnf/ qkawmif;csdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGifa&mufvmaom ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ESihf tcuftcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdifEkdifzkdYÓPfynmESihfaus;Zl;awmfukd
&SmawGUMuygonf/ tqkH;owfumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdY
ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokYdtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYrSmqkawmif;
Ekdifí ocifbk&m;uay;oem;rnfh ÓPfynmESihfcGeftm; ukd,fawmfhxHrS
qGJ,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf/
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmhtcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmhtcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcsif;csif;tm;BuD;aomcspfjcif;arwåm&SdMuavmh
tcef;i,f 8 wGiftcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufcspfjcif;
\ta&;ygykHukd tav;teufjyKxm;onf/ þcspfjcif;arwåmonf tm;BuD;
aom (euf½Idif;aom) cspfjcif;arwåmjzpf&rnfudkowdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYem;
vnfoabmaygufzkdYvkdtyfonfht&mrSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf vIyf&Sm;vkyf
aqmifrIyg0ifaompum;vkH;jzpfaMumif;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufukd cspfjcif;
qkdonfrSm xkdolYukdtvkyftauR;jyKíulnDapmifha&Smufjcif;jzpfonf/
cspfjcif; arwåmqkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtav;xm;aomolwpfa,muftay:ü
aEG;axG;aomcHpm;csuf&Sd½kHoufoufr[kwfyg/ cspfjcif;arwåmqkdonfrSm
&efvkdrkef;wD;pdwfjzihf jyKrlqufqHcH&vifhupm; tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü
aumif;aomt&mukd jyKvkyfzkdYtpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf&ef qufuyf
278 279
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tyfESHjcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku cspfjcif;arwåmonfrsm;pGmaom tjypfwkdYukdzkH;tkyf
wwfonf[kaz:jycJhonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd tjypfusL;vGefzdkY qifajcwpfck
taejzihf tokH;jyKaomolrsm;&Sdygonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd em;vnfEkdifonfh
t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ yxrrSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukd
armifESrtay:ü tjypfusL;vGefjcif;ukd wm;qD;ay;onf/ tjcm;olrsm;
ukd ocifbk&m;ucspfapvkdonfhtwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYcspfaomtcg xkdolwkdY
tay:ütjypfusL;vGefMurnfr[kwfyg/ tjypfusL;vGefjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukd
wm;qD;ay;onfhykHpHjzihf cspfjcif;arwåmonf tjypf'kp½kdufukd zkH;tkyfxm;
ygonf/
'kwd,rSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf\
tjypfukdvGefí tjyifyef;tjypf\wpfzufaemufuG,f&Sd yk*¾dKvftrSefukd
MunfhjrifEkdifaomtpGrf;&Sdonf/ arwåmBuD;aomrdcifwpfa,mufonf
rdrd\uav;i,f npfywfaya&aeomtcdsefüyif vufurf;íayGUcsDygvdrfh
rnf/ taMumif;rSmolronf tjyifyef;npfayrI\atmufü&Sdaom olr
cspfjrwfEkd;onfh uav;i,fukdawGUjrif&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tvm;wlyif
tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf ysufuGufrIrsm;? rSm;,Gif;rIrsm;ukd
em;vnfvufcHay;í ppfrSefpGmcspfMuzdkY udk,fawmf&Sifu uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;
aqmifay;ygonf/
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmhtcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmhtcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf jyif;jyaomcspfjcif;
arwåmukd jyo&efenf;vrf;wpfckrSm {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;jzpfonf/ {nfh0wf
ausyGefjcif;qkdonfrSm toif;awmfrS rdwfaqGrsm;ukd xrif;wpfeyfauR;
jcif;xufykdygonf/ þynwfcsufonf wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf ulnD
az;rí vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf &Sdaeaomolrsm;ü vdktyfaeaomt&mrsm;ukd
ay;urf;axmufyHhay;jcif;ESifhqkdifonf/ þ{nfh0wfausyGefjcif;ukd nnf;
wGm;jcif;r&SdbJ jyKvkyf&rnfukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdaomt&mukd cspfjcif;
arwåmjzifhay;urf;rQa0aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonfqE´&Sd&Sdjzihf&Tifjyaompdwf
ESifhjyKvkyfMuygonf/ olwpfyg;ukd 4if;wkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ücspfjcif;arwåm
jzihfulnDaz;rjcif;onf tcGihfta&;wpfckjzpfouJhokdY 0rf;omtm;&p&m
vnf;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdolY&JUxm0& {nfh0wfausyGef
jcif;atmufü &Sifoefap&efuREkfyfwkdYukd olESihftwlpHpm;zdkY ,laqmifoGm;rnfh
aeY&ufonf csOf;uyfvmaeygonf/ þtwGufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf
tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf uREkfyfwkdY\tdrfrsm;ukdvnf;
aumif;? pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; zGihf[xm;&ygrnf/
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmhoifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmhoifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
uREkfyfwkdYwpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf eufeufeJeJcspfMuaomtcg
uREkfyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tcsif;csif;ulnDaz;r&müvnf;aumif;?
cGeftm;ay;&müvnf;aumif; tokH;jyKMuygvdrfhrnf/ þaemufqkH;aom
umvü bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukd a&SUqufwkd;wufapzkdYqkdvQif þpGrf;
&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfckpDonf ta&;ygír&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tenf;qkH; wpfckpDay;xm;NyD;? c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mawmfoihfwifhavQmufywfpGm vIyf&Sm;vnfywfzkdYqkdvQif xkdpGrf;
&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfckpDonf r&Sdrjzpft&mrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ xkdpGrf;&nf
280 281tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
tyfESHjcif;jzpfonf/
&Sifayw½ku cspfjcif;arwåmonfrsm;pGmaom tjypfwkdYukdzkH;tkyf
wwfonf[kaz:jycJhonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd tjypfusL;vGefzdkY qifajcwpfck
taejzihf tokH;jyKaomolrsm;&Sdygonf/ þusrf;ykd'fukd em;vnfEkdifonfh
t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ yxrrSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukd
armifESrtay:ü tjypfusL;vGefjcif;ukd wm;qD;ay;onf/ tjcm;olrsm;
ukd ocifbk&m;ucspfapvkdonfhtwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYcspfaomtcg xkdolwkdY
tay:ütjypfusL;vGefMurnfr[kwfyg/ tjypfusL;vGefjcif;rS uREkfyfwkdYukd
wm;qD;ay;onfhykHpHjzihf cspfjcif;arwåmonf tjypf'kp½kdufukd zkH;tkyfxm;
ygonf/
'kwd,rSm cspfjcif;arwåmonf nDtpfukdarmifESrwpfa,muf\
tjypfukdvGefí tjyifyef;tjypf\wpfzufaemufuG,f&Sd yk*¾dKvftrSefukd
MunfhjrifEkdifaomtpGrf;&Sdonf/ arwåmBuD;aomrdcifwpfa,mufonf
rdrd\uav;i,f npfywfaya&aeomtcdsefüyif vufurf;íayGUcsDygvdrfh
rnf/ taMumif;rSmolronf tjyifyef;npfayrI\atmufü&Sdaom olr
cspfjrwfEkd;onfh uav;i,fukdawGUjrif&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tvm;wlyif
tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf ysufuGufrIrsm;? rSm;,Gif;rIrsm;ukd
em;vnfvufcHay;í ppfrSefpGmcspfMuzdkY udk,fawmf&Sifu uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;
aqmifay;ygonf/
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmhtcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmhtcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;{nfhonf0wfukdjyKMuavmh
tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf jyif;jyaomcspfjcif;
arwåmukd jyo&efenf;vrf;wpfckrSm {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;jzpfonf/ {nfh0wf
ausyGefjcif;qkdonfrSm toif;awmfrS rdwfaqGrsm;ukd xrif;wpfeyfauR;
jcif;xufykdygonf/ þynwfcsufonf wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf ulnD
az;rí vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf &Sdaeaomolrsm;ü vdktyfaeaomt&mrsm;ukd
ay;urf;axmufyHhay;jcif;ESifhqkdifonf/ þ{nfh0wfausyGefjcif;ukd nnf;
wGm;jcif;r&SdbJ jyKvkyf&rnfukd owdjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdaomt&mukd cspfjcif;
arwåmjzifhay;urf;rQa0aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonfqE´&Sd&Sdjzihf&Tifjyaompdwf
ESifhjyKvkyfMuygonf/ olwpfyg;ukd 4if;wkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ücspfjcif;arwåm
jzihfulnDaz;rjcif;onf tcGihfta&;wpfckjzpfouJhokdY 0rf;omtm;&p&m
vnf;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdolY&JUxm0& {nfh0wfausyGef
jcif;atmufü &Sifoefap&efuREkfyfwkdYukd olESihftwlpHpm;zdkY ,laqmifoGm;rnfh
aeY&ufonf csOf;uyfvmaeygonf/ þtwGufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonf
tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf uREkfyfwkdY\tdrfrsm;ukdvnf;
aumif;? pdwfESvkH;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; zGihf[xm;&ygrnf/
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmhoifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmhoifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
oifwdkY\qkaus;Zl;jzifh tcsif;csif;tvkyftauR;jyKMuavmh
uREkfyfwkdYwpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf eufeufeJeJcspfMuaomtcg
uREkfyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tcsif;csif;ulnDaz;r&müvnf;aumif;?
cGeftm;ay;&müvnf;aumif; tokH;jyKMuygvdrfhrnf/ þaemufqkH;aom
umvü bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukd a&SUqufwkd;wufapzkdYqkdvQif þpGrf;
&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfckpDonf ta&;ygír&SdrjzpfvkdtyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tenf;qkH; wpfckpDay;xm;NyD;? c&pfawmf
\ukd,fcE¨mawmfoihfwifhavQmufywfpGm vIyf&Sm;vnfywfzkdYqkdvQif xkdpGrf;
&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfckpDonf r&Sdrjzpft&mrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ xkdpGrf;&nf
280 281tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmütwlwuGaygif;pnf;í tokH;jyKaomtcg
4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhaus;Zl;awmf\ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f av;euf
½IyfaxG;rIukd jyoygonf/
a[majymjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd ykdifqkdifxm;aomolrsm;
onfbk&m;ocif\ ukd,fpm;a[majymaeouJhodkY a[majymMu&rnf (i,f
11)/ or®musrf;pmrS ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS Mum;emMuNyD;?
xkdMum;em&oaompum;ukd bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;xHü ajymcJhMuonf/
&Sifayw½ku þxl;jcm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom
olrsm;tm; bk&m;ocifukd rnfokdYem;axmifí bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd
rnfokdYajymMum;a0iS&rnfukd oif,lMuzkdY ajymaeygonf/ tqkH;okdYa&muf
vkNyDjzpfaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYonfocifbk&m;ukd ykdíykdíMum;emzkdYvkdtyf
ygonf/ olonfrdrd\pdwfESvkH;ukdxkwfjy&mü xkdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;&&Sdxm;
aomolrsm;ukdtokH;jyKzkdY a&G;cs,fxm;cJhygonf/ oifonfa[majymjcif;
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;vQif ukd,fcE¨mawmfonf 4if;wkdYukdvkd
tyfaeygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ owday;oHrsm;ESihf cGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
vrf;ñTefrIESihf OD;aqmifrIukdvkdtyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukday;tyf
xm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;\ ta&;ygykHukdvnf;aumif;? xkdpGrf;&nfqk
aus;Zl;rsm;ukd c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd tjcm;olrsm;ESihf rQa0&efta&;ygykHukd
vnf;aumif; od&Sdxm;yg/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf olwkdYonfþaemufqkH;aomum
vwGif oihftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESihf vrf;jyOD;
aqmifjcif;ukd cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/
a[majymjcif; pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;omvQif þaemufqkH;aom
umvü vkdtyfaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;r[kwfMuyg/ ukd,fcE¨mawmfüonf
tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomolrsm;
vnf;&Sdygonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\teD;w0kduf&Sd vkdtyfrIrsm;ukd
awGUjrifEkdifMuNyD;? ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd vufawGUusaomenf;vrf;jzihf ulnD
az;rEkdifMuygonf/ þt&monf tvGefyifyef;ukef;crf;apaom trI
awmfjzpfEkdifonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ukd tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;onf bk&m;ocif
ay;xm;aom pGrf;tif? ÓPfynmESihftpGrf;tprsm;ukd vdktyfygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd cH&rnftaMumif; &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKMuzdkY pdefac:
cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfaeY&ufqDokdY ykdícsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyf
wkdYonfvnf; wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;ykdívkdtyfvmMuygonf/
þtcef;i,frsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm; uREkfyfwkdY\pl;pkdufrIrsm;ukd
ocifbk&m;tay:ü ykHxm;jcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mü
tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufcspfí tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;jzihfvnf;
aumif; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf jiifqifxm;MuzdkY
pdefac:xm;ygonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tqif
oihfjzpfí uREkfyfwkdYvkyforQaomt&mrsm;ü csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfbkef;awmfxif&Sm;
jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmEkdifMuzdkY bk&m;ocifu pGrf;aqmifay;ygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf or®mowd (Munfvifaompdwf)&Sdí ukd,fhukd,fukd
pnf;urf;jzihf xdef;csKyfMu&efrSm tb,fhaMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
oifonf oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;&mtoufwmü pnf;urf;&Sdí ukd,fhukd
282 283tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmütwlwuGaygif;pnf;í tokH;jyKaomtcg
4if;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifhaus;Zl;awmf\ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f av;euf
½IyfaxG;rIukd jyoygonf/
a[majymjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd ykdifqkdifxm;aomolrsm;
onfbk&m;ocif\ ukd,fpm;a[majymaeouJhodkY a[majymMu&rnf (i,f
11)/ or®musrf;pmrS ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS Mum;emMuNyD;?
xkdMum;em&oaompum;ukd bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;xHü ajymcJhMuonf/
&Sifayw½ku þxl;jcm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aom
olrsm;tm; bk&m;ocifukd rnfokdYem;axmifí bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;ukd
rnfokdYajymMum;a0iS&rnfukd oif,lMuzkdY ajymaeygonf/ tqkH;okdYa&muf
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aomolrsm;ukdtokH;jyKzkdY a&G;cs,fxm;cJhygonf/ oifonfa[majymjcif;
pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;vQif ukd,fcE¨mawmfonf 4if;wkdYukdvkd
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ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;rsm;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\
vrf;ñTefrIESihf OD;aqmifrIukdvkdtyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifu oihfukday;tyf
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vwGif oihftm;jzihf bk&m;ocif\cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESihf vrf;jyOD;
aqmifjcif;ukd cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/
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umvü vkdtyfaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;r[kwfMuyg/ ukd,fcE¨mawmfüonf
tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomolrsm;
vnf;&Sdygonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\teD;w0kduf&Sd vkdtyfrIrsm;ukd
awGUjrifEkdifMuNyD;? ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd vufawGUusaomenf;vrf;jzihf ulnD
az;rEkdifMuygonf/ þt&monf tvGefyifyef;ukef;crf;apaom trI
awmfjzpfEkdifonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ukd tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;onf bk&m;ocif
ay;xm;aom pGrf;tif? ÓPfynmESihftpGrf;tprsm;ukd vdktyfygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf csD;rGrf;jcif;ukd cH&rnftaMumif; &Sifayw½ku ,kHMunf
olrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd toHk;jyKMuzdkY pdefac:
cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfaeY&ufqDokdY ykdícsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyf
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tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufcspfí tvkyftauR;jyKjcif;jzihfvnf;
aumif; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf jiifqifxm;MuzdkY
pdefac:xm;ygonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tqif
oihfjzpfí uREkfyfwkdYvkyforQaomt&mrsm;ü csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihfbkef;awmfxif&Sm;
jcif;ukd aqmif,lvmEkdifMuzdkY bk&m;ocifu pGrf;aqmifay;ygapaomf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdYonf or®mowd (Munfvifaompdwf)&Sdí ukd,fhukd,fukd
pnf;urf;jzihf xdef;csKyfMu&efrSm tb,fhaMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
oifonf oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;&mtoufwmü pnf;urf;&Sdí ukd,fhukd
282 283tqkH;okdYa&mufvkNyD
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ukd,fcsKyfwnf;ygovm;/
ocifbk&m;\aeY&uf csOf;uyfvmaeaMumif;ukd jyonfhtaxmuf
txm;&Sdygovm;/
ocifbk&m;onf oihfukdrnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;tyf
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twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? toif;awmftwGufaomfvnf;
aumif; rnfodkYtokH;jyKaeygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf oihftoufwmü pdwf"gwfcGeftm;rsm;ukd
aqmif,lvmzdkY tjcm;olrsm;\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd oihf
toufwmü rnfodkYtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifonfukd,fawmfhtay:ü tm½kHxm;pl;pkdufrnfhtaMumifh oihf
toufwm&Sd t[efYtwm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ESifh tm½kHajymif;
apaomt&mrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mtwGufomíBuD;aom cspfjcif;arwåmESihf
qufuyfjr§KyfESHjcif;ukd oifay;EkdifzdkY bk&m;ocifxHü awmif;
avQmufyg/
c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mtzdkYtvkdYiSg oihf&JUpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd
rnfokdYtokH;jyK&rnfhtaMumif;ukd jyoay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
3131
3131
31
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
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ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
1 ay 4;12-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ocifbk&m;xHütapcHtvkyftauR;jyKaomolrsm;onf þb0
ü 'ku©qif;&Jukd &ifqkdif&rnhftaMumif; &Sifayw½kutvGef&Sif;vif;pGm
ajymjyxm;onf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\
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&jcif;wGif 0rf;ajrmufMuzkdY xyfavmif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku þtcsufukdtcef;i,f 12wGif rdrd\pmzwfy&d
owfwdkYtm; emusifvSaomppfaMupkHprf;jcif;ukd olwkdY&ifqkdifcHpm;ae&onfh
tjzpfukd tHhMojcif;r&SdMuzdkY ajymqkdjcif;jzihftpjyKxm;cJhonf/ ocifa,½I
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jcif;rsm;tm; &ifqkdif&rnfhtjzpfukd tHhtm;oihfrdaomolrsm;&Sdygonf/
ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;onf toufwm&Sdqif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;
vkH;tqkH;owfjcif;ukd qkdvdkcJhvQiftvGefaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm
trSefw&m;r[kwfyg/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolrsm;twGuf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcH
284
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? toif;awmftwGufaomfvnf;
aumif; rnfodkYtokH;jyKaeygoenf;/
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aqmif,lvmzdkY tjcm;olrsm;\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd oihf
toufwmü rnfodkYtokH;jyKaecJhygoenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifonfukd,fawmfhtay:ü tm½kHxm;pl;pkdufrnfhtaMumifh oihf
toufwm&Sd t[efYtwm;taESmuft,Sufrsm;ESifh tm½kHajymif;
apaomt&mrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mtwGufomíBuD;aom cspfjcif;arwåmESihf
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avQmufyg/
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rnfokdYtokH;jyK&rnfhtaMumif;ukd jyoay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
3131
3131
31
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
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ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
1 ay 4;12-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
ocifbk&m;xHütapcHtvkyftauR;jyKaomolrsm;onf þb0
ü 'ku©qif;&Jukd &ifqkdif&rnhftaMumif; &Sifayw½kutvGef&Sif;vif;pGm
ajymjyxm;onf/ aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\
pmzwfy&dowfwdkYtm; cyfodrf;aomtrIt&mwkdY\ tqkH;onfa&mufvm
aeNyDjzpfaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ þtrSefw&m;wGif olwkdYü&J&ifhjcif;
owd&SdMu&rnf/ okdYaomfxkdt&mxufykdí ocifa,½ItwGuf qif;&J'ku©cH
&jcif;wGif 0rf;ajrmufMuzkdY xyfavmif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku þtcsufukdtcef;i,f 12wGif rdrd\pmzwfy&d
owfwdkYtm; emusifvSaomppfaMupkHprf;jcif;ukd olwkdY&ifqkdifcHpm;ae&onfh
tjzpfukd tHhMojcif;r&SdMuzdkY ajymqkdjcif;jzihftpjyKxm;cJhonf/ ocifa,½I
ukdrdrdwdkY\ u,fwifykdif&Siftjzpf ,kHMunfvufcHcsdefwGif ppfaMumpkHprf;
jcif;rsm;tm; &ifqkdif&rnfhtjzpfukd tHhtm;oihfrdaomolrsm;&Sdygonf/
ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHjcif;onf toufwm&Sdqif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;
vkH;tqkH;owfjcif;ukd qkdvdkcJhvQiftvGefaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm
trSefw&m;r[kwfyg/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolrsm;twGuf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcH
284
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ppfMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
onfhtcsdeftckduftwefYwGif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;ukd pwif&ifqkdifcJhMu
&onf/ uREkfyftrIawmfaqmifcJhonf tdE´d,ork'´&mtv,frS arm&D;&Syf
uRef;(Island of Mauratius) &Sdtoif;awmfwpfyg;rS vli,fokH;OD;ukd owd
&rdonf/ olwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunfvufcHvQifvufcHcsif; rdom;pk
rsm;\qefYusif&efawGUjcif;ukd &ifqkdifcJhMu&onf/ þrdef;uav;okH;
a,muftwGufrl ocifa,½IukdrdrdwkdY\ u,fwif&Siftjzpf,kHMunfvufcH
jcif;onf qif;&J'ku©rsm;cHpm;&jcif;\ tpjzpfcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&mukd
uREkfyfwkdY rtHhMooihfyg/ þavmuBuD;onf bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;
ukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; vufrcH
(okdY) em;rvnfyg/ wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJaeaomppfom;wpfa,mufonf
&efoluolYukd aoewjfzifhypfonfhtjzpfukd tHhMojcif;r&Sdyg/ tvm;wlyif?
ocifbk&m;\ppfwyfxJü emrnfpm&if;oGif;jcif;cH&aom uREfkyfwkdYtzkdY
pmwef\ypfrSwfrsm;rSm uREkfyfwkdYjzpfaeonfhtjzpfukd tHhMojcif;r&Sdoihfyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfonfhtavsmuf uREkfyfwkdYonfþqefYusifwkdufvSef
jcif;rsm;twGuf ukd,fhukdukd,ftoihfjyifqifxm;Mu&rnf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm; a&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd
od&Sdxm;½kHomr[kwf? ocifc&pfawmftwGufcH&aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;
ürnfokdY0rf;ajrmuf&rnfukdvnf; oif,lMu&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 13
t&? ocifc&pfawmftwGufcH&aomaMumifh ocifbk&m;\bkef;awmf
ay:xGef;xif&Sm;aomtcg uREfkyfwkdYrSmtvGef0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;cJhMurnf
jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;\ bkef;awmfay:xGef;xif&Sm;jcif;
qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ þt&monf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vm
jcif;ukd&nfñTef;xm;csufwpfckjzpfEkdifygovm;/ jzpfcJhrnfqkdvQif? vkdvkd
vm;vm;jzihf qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifaeaom ,kHMunfolonf þqif;&J'ku©
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jcif;wGif tvGeftm;&auseyfaernfrSm {uefrkcsjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 14 wGif qif;&J'ku©ü 0rf;ajrmufae&efaemufxyf
taMumif;t&if;ukd &Sifayw½kuazmfjyxm;onf/ þae&mü &Sifayw½ku
,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifa,½I\ emrawmfaMumifh uJh&JJUjcif;ukd cH&aom
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olrsm;u odMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k az:jycJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf
qkd&vQif? avmuDom;rsm;u uREkfyfwkdYtay:üwnfaeaom bk&m;ocifh
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bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfukdxif[yfjyoMuaomaMumifh xkdokdYapmfum;cH
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r[kwfygvm;/
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286 287
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ppfMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
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&onf/ uREkfyftrIawmfaqmifcJhonf tdE´d,ork'´&mtv,frS arm&D;&Syf
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rsm;\qefYusif&efawGUjcif;ukd &ifqkdifcJhMu&onf/ þrdef;uav;okH;
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(okdY) em;rvnfyg/ wkdufyGJwpfckukd qifETJaeaomppfom;wpfa,mufonf
&efoluolYukd aoewjfzifhypfonfhtjzpfukd tHhMojcif;r&Sdyg/ tvm;wlyif?
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od&Sdxm;½kHomr[kwf? ocifc&pfawmftwGufcH&aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;
ürnfokdY0rf;ajrmuf&rnfukdvnf; oif,lMu&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 13
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olrsm;u odMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k az:jycJhonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf
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bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfukdxif[yfjyoMuaomaMumifh xkdokdYapmfum;cH
&jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\p½kdufvu©Pmukd xif[yf
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awmufyaom Mu,fpifrsm;uJhokdY vif;vufaeMuonfukd od&jcif;onf
uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü BuD;rm;aom0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd aqmif,lvmoihfonf
r[kwfygvm;/
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xm;ygonf/ rdrdwdkY\qkd;npfaomvkyf&yfrsm;aMumifh 'ku©cH&olrsm;&Sdyg
onf/ olwkdYonf w&m;Oya'\pD&ifrIaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;? olwkdYukd
jiif;y,fxm;aom tokdif;t0kdif;\pD&ifrIaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; 'ku©
286 287
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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'ku©cH&jcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf 'ku©cH&jcif;qkdonfrSm rSef
uefaomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfh
twGufvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmf\tvkdawmfESihf &nf&G,fcsufukdvkduf
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raumif;rIwpfpkHwpf&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf 'ku©cH&aomolrsm;
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jzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf 'ku©cH&vQift&Suf&zkdYrvkdyg/ t&SufuGJ
jcif;ESihf epfemqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd awGUBuHK&aomtcg ocifa,½Ionfvnf;
tvm;wlt&SufuGJjcif;ESihf epfemqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;cJh&aMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYowd&aeoifhonf/ aumif;rIukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&vQif
uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifa,½I\ajc&mukd vkdufavQmufaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 17 ESihf 18 wGif bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\rdom;pkukdyif
w&m;pD&ifaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/ olonfrdrd\tdrfawmfom;rsm;\
tjypf'kp½kdufukd r,kHMunfolrsm;\vufü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf qif;&J
jcif;'ku©ukdcHapjcif;tm;jzihf oefYpifxkwfy,fypfygonf/ ocifbk&m;onf
rdrdtwGufowkdYorD;wpfyg;ukd jyifqifaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\
vlrsm;tay:üyif þrQjyif;xefaevQif rdrd\rdom;pkr[kwfaomolrsm;
twGuf tb,frQjyif;xefvdrfhrnfenf;/ aemufqkH; w&m;pD&ifjcif;aeYü
r,kHMunfolrsm;twGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;
xm0&rD;tkdifukd cHpm;jcif;xuf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf þb0üowfrSwf
xm;onfh ppfaMumoefYpifjcif;rD;ukd cHpm;&jcif;uykdí aumif;ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku ocifa,½ItwGuf'ku©cHaeMuaomolrsm;ukd pdef
ac:jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;onf/ &Sifayw½kuolwkdYtm; opöm&Sdaomtouf
ocifzefqif;&SifxHü udk,fhukd,fukdqufuyftyfESHíaumif;rIudkqufvuf
jyKvkyfMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ olwdkYonf
opöm&Sdaom
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jyKvkyfaeonfht&mrsm;udk uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEdkifonfhtcsdefrsm;vnf;&Sdyg
onf/ xdktcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdif onfht&mrSm bk&m;ocifukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm; ukdvnf;aumif;,kHMunf
ukd;pm;ae&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\bk&m;ocif onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuft
aumif;qkH;tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd pdwfESvkH;ü xm;awmfrlonfhopöm&Sdaombk&m;
jzpfonf/ olYukduREkfyfwkdYt<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdifygonf/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf þavmuütouf&Sifjcif;\ vkdtyfaom
tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYyifvQif
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü 'ku©cHcJhaomocifa,½IuJhokdY 'ku©cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/ odkY
aomfxkduJhokdYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf0rf;ajrmufaeMu&rnf
jzpfonf/ 'ku©cH&aomtcsdefrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd r½IH;edrfhapoihfyg/ xkdokdY
½IH;edrfhaprnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonf þuJhodkYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif rnfokdY0rf;
ajrmufMu&rnfukd oif,lzkdYvkdtyfygonf/ taMumif;rSm bkef;BuD;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYüudef;0yfawmfrlaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfukd cH,lxm;MuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd oefYpifz,f&Sm;aejcif;aMumihf
vnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftaumif;qkH;aomt&mukd pdwfESvkH;ü
xm;&Sdonfhopöm&Sdao toufocifu,fwif&Sifukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;Muaom
aMumihfvnf;aumif;jzpfonf/
288 289ppfMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
a&mufaumif;a&mufMuygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm ocifc&pfawmftwGuf
'ku©cH&jcif;r[kwfyg/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf 'ku©cH&jcif;qkdonfrSm rSef
uefaomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ ukd,fawmfh
twGufvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmf\tvkdawmfESihf &nf&G,fcsufukdvkduf
avQmufemcHjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; 'ku©cH&jcif;jzpfonf/
raumif;rIwpfpkHwpf&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf 'ku©cH&aomolrsm;
onf 4if;wkdYvkyf&yfrsm;\tusKd;qufrsm;ESihf xkdufwefaomfvnf;? rSefuef
aomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf 'ku©cH&aomolrsm;rSm rw&m;cH&jcif;
jzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf 'ku©cH&vQift&Suf&zkdYrvkdyg/ t&SufuGJ
jcif;ESihf epfemqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd awGUBuHK&aomtcg ocifa,½Ionfvnf;
tvm;wlt&SufuGJjcif;ESihf epfemqkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;cJh&aMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYowd&aeoifhonf/ aumif;rIukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&vQif
uREfkyfwdkYonf ocifa,½I\ajc&mukd vkdufavQmufaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 17 ESihf 18 wGif bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\rdom;pkukdyif
w&m;pD&ifaMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/ olonfrdrd\tdrfawmfom;rsm;\
tjypf'kp½kdufukd r,kHMunfolrsm;\vufü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ESihf qif;&J
jcif;'ku©ukdcHapjcif;tm;jzihf oefYpifxkwfy,fypfygonf/ ocifbk&m;onf
rdrdtwGufowkdYorD;wpfyg;ukd jyifqifaeygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\
vlrsm;tay:üyif þrQjyif;xefaevQif rdrd\rdom;pkr[kwfaomolrsm;
twGuf tb,frQjyif;xefvdrfhrnfenf;/ aemufqkH; w&m;pD&ifjcif;aeYü
r,kHMunfolrsm;twGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;
xm0&rD;tkdifukd cHpm;jcif;xuf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf þb0üowfrSwf
xm;onfh ppfaMumoefYpifjcif;rD;ukd cHpm;&jcif;uykdí aumif;ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku ocifa,½ItwGuf'ku©cHaeMuaomolrsm;ukd pdef
ac:jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;onf/ &Sifayw½kuolwkdYtm; opöm&Sdaomtouf
ocifzefqif;&SifxHü udk,fhukd,fukdqufuyftyfESHíaumif;rIudkqufvuf
jyKvkyfMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ olwdkYonf
opöm&Sdaom
toufocifzefqif;&Sif
xHü udk,fhukd,fukdqufuyftyfESH&rnfjzpfaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocif
jyKvkyfaeonfht&mrsm;udk uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEdkifonfhtcsdefrsm;vnf;&Sdyg
onf/ xdktcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdif onfht&mrSm bk&m;ocifukd
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm; ukdvnf;aumif;,kHMunf
ukd;pm;ae&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\bk&m;ocif onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuft
aumif;qkH;tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd pdwfESvkH;ü xm;awmfrlonfhopöm&Sdaombk&m;
jzpfonf/ olYukduREkfyfwkdYt<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdifygonf/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf þavmuütouf&Sifjcif;\ vkdtyfaom
tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdYyifvQif
uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUü 'ku©cHcJhaomocifa,½IuJhokdY 'ku©cHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/ odkY
aomfxkduJhokdYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf0rf;ajrmufaeMu&rnf
jzpfonf/ 'ku©cH&aomtcsdefrsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd r½IH;edrfhapoihfyg/ xkdokdY
½IH;edrfhaprnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonf þuJhodkYaomtcsdefrsm;wGif rnfokdY0rf;
ajrmufMu&rnfukd oif,lzkdYvkdtyfygonf/ taMumif;rSm bkef;BuD;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYüudef;0yfawmfrlaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
ocifc&pfawmf\emrawmfukd cH,lxm;MuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
bk&m;ocifonf uRekfyfwkdY\tjypfrsm;ukd oefYpifz,f&Sm;aejcif;aMumihf
vnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftaumif;qkH;aomt&mukd pdwfESvkH;ü
xm;&Sdonfhopöm&Sdao toufocifu,fwif&Sifukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;Muaom
aMumihfvnf;aumif;jzpfonf/
288 289ppfMumpHkprf;jcif;rsm;ü0rf;ajrmufjcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSefuefaomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf oif;'ku©a&mufcJhzl;yg
ovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
þb0ü uREkfyfwkdYqif;&J'ku©cH&rnhftjzpfu uREkfyfwkdYukdtb,f
aMumifhrtHhMoapoihfoenf;/
qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
ürnfonfht&mukd xajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&jcif;ESihf ocif
a,½ItwGuf'ku©cH&jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;rnfrQyif BuD;rm; aeygap ocifbk&m;onf
uREkfyfwkdYESihftNrJtwl&Sdaernf[k uwd jyKxm;aomtHhzG,f
bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf aus;Zl; wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oif&ifqkdif&aomqif;&J'ku©ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif rnfokdY
0rf;ajrmuf&rnfukd oif,lzkdYulnDrpay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oif&ifqkdif&aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf oihftoufwmü
bk&m;ociftaumiftxnfaz:aeaomt&mrsm;twGufaus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;ukd roduRrf;ao;aom rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;(okdY)
cspf&aomolrsm;twGuf qkawmif;&eftcsdef,lyg/ bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdYukda&mufvmawmhrnfh w&m;pD&ifjcif;rSu,fEIwfí
umuG,fay;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
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toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
1 ay 5;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmif\ þaemufqkH;tcef;BuD;wGif
wrefawmfBuD;u toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ESihf vli,frsm;twGufoD;oefY
pdefac:csufwpfckukd ,lvmygonf/ tcef;BuD;\yxrtykdif;jzpfaom
þae&mwGif toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd ay;xm;aom&Sifayw½k\ pdefac:
csufukduREkfyfwkdY Munfh½IavhvmoGm;Muygrnf/
&Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd toufBuD;ol vlBuD;csif;
uJhokdYtEl;tñGwfarwåm&yfcHaeygonf (i,f 1)/ olonftoif;awmf
vlBuD;wpfa,mufxufykdaomfvnf; rdrdukd,fukd þtoif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;
ESihfwef;wlowfrSwfcJhonf/ olonfwrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf/ vkyfazmf
aqmifzuftoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfOD;tjzpfESihf &Sifayw½konf a'oEÅ&
toif;awmfwpfyg;ü acgif;aqmifjzpf&jcif;\ pdefac:rIukdem;vnfoabm
aygufcJhonf/
&Sifayw½konf oufwl&G,fwltoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfOD;jzpf½kHom
ru? olonfocifc&pfawmf\ qif;&J'ku©a0'emukd rsufjrifukd,fawGU
awGUjrifcJhonfh oufaowpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf/ olonf ocifa,½Iukd
um;wkdifxufüawGUjrifcJhygonf/ olonfocifa,½Iemusifa0'emrsm;ukd
290
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSefuefaomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf oif;'ku©a&mufcJhzl;yg
ovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
þb0ü uREkfyfwkdYqif;&J'ku©cH&rnhftjzpfu uREkfyfwkdYukdtb,f
aMumifhrtHhMoapoihfoenf;/
qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
ürnfonfht&mukd xajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aomt&mukd jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 'ku©cH&jcif;ESihf ocif
a,½ItwGuf'ku©cH&jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;rnfrQyif BuD;rm; aeygap ocifbk&m;onf
uREkfyfwkdYESihftNrJtwl&Sdaernf[k uwd jyKxm;aomtHhzG,f
bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf aus;Zl; wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oif&ifqkdif&aomqif;&J'ku©ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;wGif rnfokdY
0rf;ajrmuf&rnfukd oif,lzkdYulnDrpay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oif&ifqkdif&aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;jzihf oihftoufwmü
bk&m;ociftaumiftxnfaz:aeaomt&mrsm;twGufaus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;ukd roduRrf;ao;aom rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;(okdY)
cspf&aomolrsm;twGuf qkawmif;&eftcsdef,lyg/ bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdYukda&mufvmawmhrnfh w&m;pD&ifjcif;rSu,fEIwfí
umuG,fay;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
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toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
1 ay 5;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pmyxrapmif\ þaemufqkH;tcef;BuD;wGif
wrefawmfBuD;u toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ESihf vli,frsm;twGufoD;oefY
pdefac:csufwpfckukd ,lvmygonf/ tcef;BuD;\yxrtykdif;jzpfaom
þae&mwGif toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd ay;xm;aom&Sifayw½k\ pdefac:
csufukduREkfyfwkdY Munfh½IavhvmoGm;Muygrnf/
&Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;ukd toufBuD;ol vlBuD;csif;
uJhokdYtEl;tñGwfarwåm&yfcHaeygonf (i,f 1)/ olonftoif;awmf
vlBuD;wpfa,mufxufykdaomfvnf; rdrdukd,fukd þtoif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;
ESihfwef;wlowfrSwfcJhonf/ olonfwrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf/ vkyfazmf
aqmifzuftoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfOD;tjzpfESihf &Sifayw½konf a'oEÅ&
toif;awmfwpfyg;ü acgif;aqmifjzpf&jcif;\ pdefac:rIukdem;vnfoabm
aygufcJhonf/
&Sifayw½konf oufwl&G,fwltoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfOD;jzpf½kHom
ru? olonfocifc&pfawmf\ qif;&J'ku©a0'emukd rsufjrifukd,fawGU
awGUjrifcJhonfh oufaowpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf/ olonf ocifa,½Iukd
um;wkdifxufüawGUjrifcJhygonf/ olonfocifa,½Iemusifa0'emrsm;ukd
290
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
cHpm;í aoqkH;oGm;cJhonfukd jrifcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ocifbk&m;ukd
okH;Budrfwkdifwkdif jiif;y,fjcif;jzihf xkdqif;&J'ku©a0'emudk ukd,fwkdifqkd;0g;
apcJhygonf/ okdYaomf&Sifayw½ku olonfocifbk&m;uowfrSwfxm;
aomtcsdefü xif&Sm;aprnfhbkef;toa&awmfukd rQa0qufcH&rnfukd
odaecJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku olonfocifbk&m;tm; jiif;y,fcJhaMumif;ukd
odouJhokdY ocifbk&m;uolYukdcGifhvTwfcJhaMumif;ukdvnf; odcJhonf/ xm0&
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufü xm0&&Sifoef&rnf[laom tHhzG,farQmfvihf
csufwrefawmfBuD;wGif &SdaecJhonf/
&Sifayw½ktwGuf rSefuefcJhaomt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
vnf; ,aeYwGifrSefuefygonf/ oifonftjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKcJhíxm0&
bk&m;ocifukd qefYusifykefuefaumif;ykefuefaeygvdrfhrnf/ olonfoihfukd
jyefvnfvufcHEkdifrnfhta&;ukd ,aeYwGifoifukd,fhukdukd,far;cGef;xkwfae
ayvdrfhrnf/ þtcef;uuREkfyfwkdYtm; tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufukday;xm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½I\cGihfvTwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? rdrd\om;orD;
rsm;ukday;aom arQmfvifhcsufukdvnf;aumif; odEkdifMuonf/ &Sifayw½ku
þcGifhvTwfjcif;ukd rdrd\toufwmü od&SdcHpm;cJhonf/ olonfocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmf\ &nf&G,f
csufrsm;txajrmufjynfhpkHjcif;ukdvnf;auif; arQmfrSef;apmifhpm;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wdkY
xH bk&m;ocifu,kHMunftyfESHxm;aomolrsm;tay:ü okd;xdef;rsm;ozG,f
jzpfMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ odk;xdef;om"uukd tokH;jyKxm;ykHtm; uREkfyfwkdY
em;vnfoabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½kutoif;awmfvlBuD;
wpfa,mufukd &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? olaX;wpfa,muf
ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rckdif;EIdif;xm;yg/ okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihfom ckdif;EIdif;
xm;ygonf/ &Sifbk&ifrsm;wGif tapcHjzpfíxkdokd;pk\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ul
nDajz&Sif;ay;&onf/ þtcsif;t&monf pnf;urf;ao0yfrIESihf tvkyfukd
BudK;pm;jcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/
&Sifayw½k\ ajymqkdxm;csuft& toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfa,muf
onf vkdvm;0rf;ajrmufaeaom tapcHwpfa,mufjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;tm;
tcGihfta&;wpfcktjzpf pOf;pm;okH;oyf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfES
vkH;xJü emusifcg;oD;rIrsm;ESihftwl ocifbk&m;ukdtapcHjcif;tm;jzihf
uREfkyfwkdYonf ocifhukd*kPfrBuD;apEkdifyg/ vkdvm;0rf;ajrmufaeaompdwf
ESihftwl uREkfyfwkdYtaprcHvQif emrawmfukd bkef;rBuD;apEkdifyg/ ocif
bk&m;twGuf jyKvkyfaomuREkfyfwkdY\0efaqmifrIonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
wpfyg;jzpfae&efrSm ocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ þt&mtm;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonf omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü tcuftcJrsm;ukd BuHKawGUMu&
rnfr[kwf[k rqkdvkdyg/ okdYaomfxkdtcuftcJrsm;Mum;üyif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;üNidrfoufjcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdodEkdifMuygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkdvm;0rf;ajrmufí &Tifvef;wuf<uaeaomtap
cHrsm;jzpfMuzdkYtvkd&Sdonf/
tcef;i,f 2 wGif &Sifayw½kutoif;awmfvlBuD;onf aiGaMu;
ukdwyfrufaomolrjzpf&? xufoefaompdwfjzihf tapcH&rnf[kquf
vufíajymcJhonf/ olonftoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;\tvkyfukd aiGaMu;
qkvm'fr&SdbJvsufyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omxrf;aqmifvkd&rnf jzpfonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;ukd4if;\ 0efaqmifrItwGuf tcay;p&m rvkd[k
292 293toif;awmfBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
cHpm;í aoqkH;oGm;cJhonfukd jrifcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ocifbk&m;ukd
okH;Budrfwkdifwkdif jiif;y,fjcif;jzihf xkdqif;&J'ku©a0'emudk ukd,fwkdifqkd;0g;
apcJhygonf/ okdYaomf&Sifayw½ku olonfocifbk&m;uowfrSwfxm;
aomtcsdefü xif&Sm;aprnfhbkef;toa&awmfukd rQa0qufcH&rnfukd
odaecJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku olonfocifbk&m;tm; jiif;y,fcJhaMumif;ukd
odouJhokdY ocifbk&m;uolYukdcGifhvTwfcJhaMumif;ukdvnf; odcJhonf/ xm0&
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufü xm0&&Sifoef&rnf[laom tHhzG,farQmfvihf
csufwrefawmfBuD;wGif &SdaecJhonf/
&Sifayw½ktwGuf rSefuefcJhaomt&monf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
vnf; ,aeYwGifrSefuefygonf/ oifonftjypf'kp½kdufü vJNydKcJhíxm0&
bk&m;ocifukd qefYusifykefuefaumif;ykefuefaeygvdrfhrnf/ olonfoihfukd
jyefvnfvufcHEkdifrnfhta&;ukd ,aeYwGifoifukd,fhukdukd,far;cGef;xkwfae
ayvdrfhrnf/ þtcef;uuREkfyfwkdYtm; tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufukday;xm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½I\cGihfvTwfjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? rdrd\om;orD;
rsm;ukday;aom arQmfvifhcsufukdvnf;aumif; odEkdifMuonf/ &Sifayw½ku
þcGifhvTwfjcif;ukd rdrd\toufwmü od&SdcHpm;cJhonf/ olonfocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmf\ &nf&G,f
csufrsm;txajrmufjynfhpkHjcif;ukdvnf;auif; arQmfrSef;apmifhpm;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 2wGif &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wdkY
xH bk&m;ocifu,kHMunftyfESHxm;aomolrsm;tay:ü okd;xdef;rsm;ozG,f
jzpfMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ odk;xdef;om"uukd tokH;jyKxm;ykHtm; uREkfyfwkdY
em;vnfoabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½kutoif;awmfvlBuD;
wpfa,mufukd &Sifbk&ifwpfyg;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? olaX;wpfa,muf
ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rckdif;EIdif;xm;yg/ okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihfom ckdif;EIdif;
xm;ygonf/ &Sifbk&ifrsm;wGif tapcHjzpfíxkdokd;pk\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ul
nDajz&Sif;ay;&onf/ þtcsif;t&monf pnf;urf;ao0yfrIESihf tvkyfukd
BudK;pm;jcif;ukd vkdtyfonf/
&Sifayw½k\ ajymqkdxm;csuft& toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfa,muf
onf vkdvm;0rf;ajrmufaeaom tapcHwpfa,mufjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;tm;
tcGihfta&;wpfcktjzpf pOf;pm;okH;oyf&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ pdwfES
vkH;xJü emusifcg;oD;rIrsm;ESihftwl ocifbk&m;ukdtapcHjcif;tm;jzihf
uREfkyfwkdYonf ocifhukd*kPfrBuD;apEkdifyg/ vkdvm;0rf;ajrmufaeaompdwf
ESihftwl uREkfyfwkdYtaprcHvQif emrawmfukd bkef;rBuD;apEkdifyg/ ocif
bk&m;twGuf jyKvkyfaomuREkfyfwkdY\0efaqmifrIonf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
wpfyg;jzpfae&efrSm ocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ þt&mtm;
jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonf omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü tcuftcJrsm;ukd BuHKawGUMu&
rnfr[kwf[k rqkdvkdyg/ okdYaomfxkdtcuftcJrsm;Mum;üyif uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifbk&m;üNidrfoufjcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdodEkdifMuygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdvkdvm;0rf;ajrmufí &Tifvef;wuf<uaeaomtap
cHrsm;jzpfMuzdkYtvkd&Sdonf/
tcef;i,f 2 wGif &Sifayw½kutoif;awmfvlBuD;onf aiGaMu;
ukdwyfrufaomolrjzpf&? xufoefaompdwfjzihf tapcH&rnf[kquf
vufíajymcJhonf/ olonftoif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;\tvkyfukd aiGaMu;
qkvm'fr&SdbJvsufyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omxrf;aqmifvkd&rnf jzpfonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;ukd4if;\ 0efaqmifrItwGuf tcay;p&m rvkd[k
292 293toif;awmfBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif toif;awmfBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
rqkdvkdyg/ or®musrf;pmu uREkfyfwkdYtm; EIwfuywfawmfukd a[m
ajymaomolrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\0efaqmifrItwGuf qkay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;
ajymjyxm;onf (1 wd 5;17)/ okdYaomfaiGaMu;onf toif;awmfvlBuD;
\trIawmfaemufuG,frS aphapmfwkdufwGef;ay;aomt&m rjzpfoihfyg/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;onf trIawmfaqmif&onfukd tm;&0rf;ajrmuf
aomaMumifh trIawmfukdaqmif&rnf jzpfouJhokdYocifc&pfawmf\
cspfjcif;arwåmu olYukdwGef;tm;ay;aomaMumifh ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd tvkyf
tauR;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;\ trIwmfESihfpyfvsOf;í tjcm;½Iaxmifhwpfck
&Sdonf/ &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;tm; okd;pkrsm;tay:ü Akdvfrus
zdkYowday;cJhonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü Akdvfusjcif;qkdonfrSm xkdolwkdY
xHrStvkyftauR;jyKrIukd awmif;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihf
&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufukd uREkfyfwkdYtwkdcsKyfavhvmcJhMuNyD;
jzpfonf/ okd;xdef;onfokd;wkdYukd tvkyftauR;jyKonf/ &Sifbk&if(okdY)
ocifwpfyg;onf vlxkxHrStvkyftauR;jyKrIukd arQmfvifhonf/ toif;
awmfvlBuD;onf rdrdxHütapcHMuzdkYukd arQmfvihf aeMuaom&Sifbk&if (okdY)
avmuDocifrsm;uJhokdY rjzpf&yg/ olonfrdrd\ &mxl;ukdtjcm;olrsm;tm;
Ncdrf;ajcmufzdkY (okdY) csKyfukdifzdkYtokH;rjyKoihfyg/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;u
4if;wkdYonfxkdtoif;awmf&Sdtoif;0ifrsm;tay:ü xdef;csKyfcGihftmPm
&Sdonf[kcHpm;Muonfh toif;awmfrsm;ü uREkfyfa&mufzl;ygonf/ trSef
wGiftoif;awmfvlBuD;onf okd;pktwGuf ykHOyrmaumif;jzpf&rnfjzpf
onf/ &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf okd;xdef;BuD;
jzpfaom ocifa,½I\vufatmufwGif &SdaeMuaMumif;today;cJhonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;onf þokd;xdef;tBuD;xHü rdrdukd,fwkdifvnf; &Sif;vif;
csufay;&rnfukd owd&ae&rnf/ rdrdwkdY\okd;pkukd opöm&Sd&SdMunfh½I
apmifha&Smufaomolrsm;onf xm0&wnfaombkef;BuD;jcif;OD;&pfo&zlukd
vufcH&&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I\okd;pkrsm;twGuf okd;xdef;wpfa,muf
tjzpfESihf ukd,fawmfhukdtvkyftauR;jyK &jcif;onf tHhzG,f*kPfxl;wpfck
jzpfonf/ okdYaomf xkdtrIukd0rf;ajrmuf &Tifvef;jcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;? tapcHwpf
a,muf\pdwfESvkH;wkdYESihftwlaqmif&GufMu&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihf&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSm
tb,fenf;/
okd;pktay:ü Akdvfusjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdyg
oenf;/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;onf rdrd\trIawmftay:ü rnfonfh
pdwfxm;rsKd;ukd &Sd&rnfenf;/
oifonf oihf&JUtoif;awmfü acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf (okdY)
0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfygovm;/ oifonf
tjcm;olrsm;utwk,l vkdufavQmufzkdY ykHOyrmaumif;wpfckjzpf
ygovm;/
ocifbk&m;onf oihfukdrnfokdYaomxl;jcm;onfh trIawmfukd
ay;tyfxm;oenf;/ oifonf xkdtrIawmfukd pdwfESvkH;ü0rf;
ajrmuf&Tifvef;jcif;ESihftwl vkyfaqmifEkdifygovm;/
294 295
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif toif;awmfBuD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
rqkdvkdyg/ or®musrf;pmu uREkfyfwkdYtm; EIwfuywfawmfukd a[m
ajymaomolrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\0efaqmifrItwGuf qkay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;
ajymjyxm;onf (1 wd 5;17)/ okdYaomfaiGaMu;onf toif;awmfvlBuD;
\trIawmfaemufuG,frS aphapmfwkdufwGef;ay;aomt&m rjzpfoihfyg/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;onf trIawmfaqmif&onfukd tm;&0rf;ajrmuf
aomaMumifh trIawmfukdaqmif&rnf jzpfouJhokdYocifc&pfawmf\
cspfjcif;arwåmu olYukdwGef;tm;ay;aomaMumifh ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd tvkyf
tauR;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;\ trIwmfESihfpyfvsOf;í tjcm;½Iaxmifhwpfck
&Sdonf/ &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;tm; okd;pkrsm;tay:ü Akdvfrus
zdkYowday;cJhonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü Akdvfusjcif;qkdonfrSm xkdolwkdY
xHrStvkyftauR;jyKrIukd awmif;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihf
&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufukd uREkfyfwkdYtwkdcsKyfavhvmcJhMuNyD;
jzpfonf/ okd;xdef;onfokd;wkdYukd tvkyftauR;jyKonf/ &Sifbk&if(okdY)
ocifwpfyg;onf vlxkxHrStvkyftauR;jyKrIukd arQmfvifhonf/ toif;
awmfvlBuD;onf rdrdxHütapcHMuzdkYukd arQmfvihf aeMuaom&Sifbk&if (okdY)
avmuDocifrsm;uJhokdY rjzpf&yg/ olonfrdrd\ &mxl;ukdtjcm;olrsm;tm;
Ncdrf;ajcmufzdkY (okdY) csKyfukdifzdkYtokH;rjyKoihfyg/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;u
4if;wkdYonfxkdtoif;awmf&Sdtoif;0ifrsm;tay:ü xdef;csKyfcGihftmPm
&Sdonf[kcHpm;Muonfh toif;awmfrsm;ü uREkfyfa&mufzl;ygonf/ trSef
wGiftoif;awmfvlBuD;onf okd;pktwGuf ykHOyrmaumif;jzpf&rnfjzpf
onf/ &Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYonf okd;xdef;BuD;
jzpfaom ocifa,½I\vufatmufwGif &SdaeMuaMumif;today;cJhonf/
toif;awmfvlBuD;onf þokd;xdef;tBuD;xHü rdrdukd,fwkdifvnf; &Sif;vif;
csufay;&rnfukd owd&ae&rnf/ rdrdwkdY\okd;pkukd opöm&Sd&SdMunfh½I
apmifha&Smufaomolrsm;onf xm0&wnfaombkef;BuD;jcif;OD;&pfo&zlukd
vufcH&&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I\okd;pkrsm;twGuf okd;xdef;wpfa,muf
tjzpfESihf ukd,fawmfhukdtvkyftauR;jyK &jcif;onf tHhzG,f*kPfxl;wpfck
jzpfonf/ okdYaomf xkdtrIukd0rf;ajrmuf &Tifvef;jcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;? tapcHwpf
a,muf\pdwfESvkH;wkdYESihftwlaqmif&GufMu&rnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
okd;xdef;wpfa,mufESihf&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;wkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSm
tb,fenf;/
okd;pktay:ü Akdvfusjcif;qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdyg
oenf;/
toif;awmfvlBuD;wpfyg;onf rdrd\trIawmftay:ü rnfonfh
pdwfxm;rsKd;ukd &Sd&rnfenf;/
oifonf oihf&JUtoif;awmfü acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf (okdY)
0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfygovm;/ oifonf
tjcm;olrsm;utwk,l vkdufavQmufzkdY ykHOyrmaumif;wpfckjzpf
ygovm;/
ocifbk&m;onf oihfukdrnfokdYaomxl;jcm;onfh trIawmfukd
ay;tyfxm;oenf;/ oifonf xkdtrIawmfukd pdwfESvkH;ü0rf;
ajrmuf&Tifvef;jcif;ESihftwl vkyfaqmifEkdifygovm;/
294 295
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oif&JUtoif;awmfrS acgif;aqmifykdif;rsm;ukd aumif;BuD;ay;zkdY
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocifu olwkdYukdqifh
ac:íjzpfapvkdonfhtwkdif; olwkdYjzpfvmMuzkdY ulnDrp&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonfokd;pkukd apmifha&Smufay;ouJhokdY ukd,fawmfonfvnf;
oihfhukdMunfh½Iapmifha&Smufonfh okd;xdef;BuD;jzpfaomaMumifh aus;
Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihfwifhrSefuefaom pdwfxm;jzihftvkyftauR;jyKEkdifzdkY ulnDrp
ay;&ef ocifbk&m;tm;awmif;avQmufyg/ olYukdtvkyftauR;
jyK&mü &SdcJhEkdifonfhrSm;,Gif;aom pdwfxm;rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwf
ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
3333
3333
33
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
1 ay 5;5-14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
yxrtcef;i,f av;cef;wGif toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; vdyfrl
íajymMum;NyD;aemufwGif &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;xHokdY trSmpum;ajym
Mum;jcif;jzifh rdrd\pmapmifukd ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf vli,f
rsm;ukd vspfvsLr½IcJhyg/ olwkdYukdtoif;awmf\ ta&;ygaomtpdwftykdif;
wpfcktjzpf ½IjrifcJhonf/ þvli,frsm;wGif tvGefaumif;rGefaom tvm;
tvm&SdaecJhMuonf/ okdYaomf olwkdYonftvGefBuD;rm;aom pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;ukdvnf; &ifqkdifcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ wrefawmfBuD;u olwkdYukd
pdefac:zdkYtcsdef,lxm;onf/
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmhtoufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmhtoufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
&Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;xHü ajymcJhaom&mukdjyef
vnf&nfñTef;jcif;jzifh tpjyKcJhonf/ þtcef;BuD;\tpykdif;wGif &Sifayw½k
utoif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYvufatmufrS vlrsm;tay:üAkdvf
rusMuzdkYajymcJhonf/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; tapcHpdwf"gwfjzihf ESdrfhcspGmaeMu
zkdYajymcJhonf/ þae&mwGif &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm; toufBuD;olwkdY
ü tapcHpdwfxm;&SdMu&rnfqkdvQif olwkdYonfvnf;tvm;wlpdwfxm;jzihf
296
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oif&JUtoif;awmfrS acgif;aqmifykdif;rsm;ukd aumif;BuD;ay;zkdY
ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/ bk&m;ocifu olwkdYukdqifh
ac:íjzpfapvkdonfhtwkdif; olwkdYjzpfvmMuzkdY ulnDrp&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifonfokd;pkukd apmifha&Smufay;ouJhokdY ukd,fawmfonfvnf;
oihfhukdMunfh½Iapmifha&Smufonfh okd;xdef;BuD;jzpfaomaMumifh aus;
Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oihfwifhrSefuefaom pdwfxm;jzihftvkyftauR;jyKEkdifzdkY ulnDrp
ay;&ef ocifbk&m;tm;awmif;avQmufyg/ olYukdtvkyftauR;
jyK&mü &SdcJhEkdifonfhrSm;,Gif;aom pdwfxm;rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwf
ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
3333
3333
33
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
1 ay 5;5-14 ukdzwf½Iyg/
yxrtcef;i,f av;cef;wGif toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; vdyfrl
íajymMum;NyD;aemufwGif &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;xHokdY trSmpum;ajym
Mum;jcif;jzifh rdrd\pmapmifukd ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf vli,f
rsm;ukd vspfvsLr½IcJhyg/ olwkdYukdtoif;awmf\ ta&;ygaomtpdwftykdif;
wpfcktjzpf ½IjrifcJhonf/ þvli,frsm;wGif tvGefaumif;rGefaom tvm;
tvm&SdaecJhMuonf/ okdYaomf olwkdYonftvGefBuD;rm;aom pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;ukdvnf; &ifqkdifcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ wrefawmfBuD;u olwkdYukd
pdefac:zdkYtcsdef,lxm;onf/
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmhtoufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmhtoufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
toufBuD;aomolwkdY\pum;ukd em;axmifMuavmh
&Sifayw½ku toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;xHü ajymcJhaom&mukdjyef
vnf&nfñTef;jcif;jzifh tpjyKcJhonf/ þtcef;BuD;\tpykdif;wGif &Sifayw½k
utoif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;tm; 4if;wkdYvufatmufrS vlrsm;tay:üAkdvf
rusMuzdkYajymcJhonf/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; tapcHpdwf"gwfjzihf ESdrfhcspGmaeMu
zkdYajymcJhonf/ þae&mwGif &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm; toufBuD;olwkdY
ü tapcHpdwfxm;&SdMu&rnfqkdvQif olwkdYonfvnf;tvm;wlpdwfxm;jzihf
296
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
aexkdifMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ olonfvli,frsm;tm;
toufBuD;olwkdYxHü 0efcHtyfESHí 4if;wkdY\tawGUtBuHKESihftouft&G,f
twGuf½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ toufBuD;aomolrsm;onf
b0ü oifcef;pmrsm;pGmukd oif,lcJhMuygonf/ vli,frsm;twGuf pkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;wpfckrSm touft&G,fBuD;&ifhaomrsKd;qufrsm;tay:ü
txiftjrifao;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkH;"HtpOftvmenf;vrf;rsm;onf
rsKd;qufwpfckESifhwpfckMum;wGiftajymif;tvJ&SdEdkifonf/toufBuD;ydkif
rsKd;qufrsm;udktvGefa&S;½kd;qefí acwfopfvlYtokdif;t0kdif;BuD;ESihfpyftyf
rIr&SdMuyg[k ½IjrifEkdifonf/ &Sifayw½ku vli,frsm;tm; þt,ltqukd
jiif;y,fí 4if;wdkYtv,frS toufBuD;olrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;íolwkdYxHrS
oif,lMuzdkY tcsdef,lMu&ef tBuHjyKwkdufwGef;cJhonf/
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmhESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmhESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
vli,frsm;onfvnf; wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf ESdrfhcsjcif;
wefqmukd0wfqifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ aoG;aMumrsm;xJü pD;qif;½kdufcwf
aeaom EkysKdjcif;pGrf;tifESihftwl þvli,frsm;onf pdwfqwfíarmuf
rmvmEkdifMuonf/ þt&monf olwkdYtcsif;csif;tMum;ü NydKifqkdifrIrsm;
ukdtvGefwuljzpfapEkdifonf/ &Sifayw½ku vli,frsm;tm; þpGrf;tif
ukdxdef;csKyfí oifhwifavsmufywfpGm vrf;aMumif;azmfajzvTwfMuzdkY
qifhac:cJhonf/ olwkdY\EkysKdjcif;pGrf;tifrsm;onf olwkdYukdrmeaxmifvTm;
aomolrsm;jzpfaprnfhtjzpfukd cGihfrjyKMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokdYjzpfaprnfh
tpm;tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf ESdrfhcswwfzkdYoif,lMu&
rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fhukdukd,fESdrfhcsjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;wkd;wufzdkY ae&may;
&rnf/ þtcsif;t&mukd jyKvkyfzkdYolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;ü 0efcHtyfESHíocifbk&m;\ tcsdeftcgukdapmifhpm;Mu&efvkdtyfonf/
olwkdYukdykHoGif;í xdef;ausmif;avhusifhay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdtm;BuD;aom
vufawmfESihftwl olwkdYütvkyfvkyfcGihfjyKMu&rnf/ rdrdwkdYESihf rdrdwdkY\trI
t&mrsm;ukd jr§ifhwifzkdY BudK;pm;rnfhtpm;? bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomt
csdefü csD;ajr§mufjr§ifhwihfcH&zkdY bk&m;ocifukdapmifhpm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;\ wefckd;BuD;aomvufawmfatmufü ukd,fhukdukd,f
ESdrfhcsonfht,ltqukd em;rvnfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm; uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü
&SdcJhygonf/ vli,fwkdY\ EkysKdvef;qef;aomxufoefrIrsm;onf rnfolY
ukdrSrapmifhEkdifyg/ ydwfxm;aomwHcg;rsm;ukd 0ifaqmifhcJhaomaMumihf tzk
tydefYrsm;ukd a0pktjzpfuREkfyf&&SdcJhygonf/ &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifu olwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfapaot&mrsm;udk ESdrfhcspGmvkyf
aqmifMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tay:üopöm&SdaMumif;
ukdvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;\ vrf;ñTefrIukd0efcHtyfESHaMumif;ukdvnf;
aumif; oufaojyMuonfESihftrQ tcsdefwefaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
olwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfonf wefcdk;BuD;aMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/
qkdvkdonfrSm xkdvufawmfonf 4if;jyKvkyfzkdYowfrSwfx;aomt&mrsm;
ukdNyD;ajrmufatmifpGrf;aqmifEkdifonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYrESpfoufaomae&müvnf;uREkfyfwkdYukdxm;yg
vdrhfrnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif xkdvufawmf\zdtm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdxkacs
awmhrnfhtvm; xif&onf/ okdYaomfuREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsí
xm0&bk&m;ocifvkyfaeaomt&mukd vufcHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wefckd;
298 299
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;
aexkdifMu&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;cJhonf/ olonfvli,frsm;tm;
toufBuD;olwkdYxHü 0efcHtyfESHí 4if;wkdY\tawGUtBuHKESihftouft&G,f
twGuf½kdaoav;pm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ toufBuD;aomolrsm;onf
b0ü oifcef;pmrsm;pGmukd oif,lcJhMuygonf/ vli,frsm;twGuf pkHprf;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;wpfckrSm touft&G,fBuD;&ifhaomrsKd;qufrsm;tay:ü
txiftjrifao;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkH;"HtpOftvmenf;vrf;rsm;onf
rsKd;qufwpfckESifhwpfckMum;wGiftajymif;tvJ&SdEdkifonf/toufBuD;ydkif
rsKd;qufrsm;udktvGefa&S;½kd;qefí acwfopfvlYtokdif;t0kdif;BuD;ESihfpyftyf
rIr&SdMuyg[k ½IjrifEkdifonf/ &Sifayw½ku vli,frsm;tm; þt,ltqukd
jiif;y,fí 4if;wdkYtv,frS toufBuD;olrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;íolwkdYxHrS
oif,lMuzdkY tcsdef,lMu&ef tBuHjyKwkdufwGef;cJhonf/
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmhESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmhESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd 0wfqifMuavmh
vli,frsm;onfvnf; wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf ESdrfhcsjcif;
wefqmukd0wfqifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ aoG;aMumrsm;xJü pD;qif;½kdufcwf
aeaom EkysKdjcif;pGrf;tifESihftwl þvli,frsm;onf pdwfqwfíarmuf
rmvmEkdifMuonf/ þt&monf olwkdYtcsif;csif;tMum;ü NydKifqkdifrIrsm;
ukdtvGefwuljzpfapEkdifonf/ &Sifayw½ku vli,frsm;tm; þpGrf;tif
ukdxdef;csKyfí oifhwifavsmufywfpGm vrf;aMumif;azmfajzvTwfMuzdkY
qifhac:cJhonf/ olwkdY\EkysKdjcif;pGrf;tifrsm;onf olwkdYukdrmeaxmifvTm;
aomolrsm;jzpfaprnfhtjzpfukd cGihfrjyKMuzdkYvkdtyfonf/ xkdokdYjzpfaprnfh
tpm;tcsif;csif;wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muf ESdrfhcswwfzkdYoif,lMu&
rnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fhukdukd,fESdrfhcsjcif;jzihf tjcm;olrsm;wkd;wufzdkY ae&may;
&rnf/ þtcsif;t&mukd jyKvkyfzkdYolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;ü 0efcHtyfESHíocifbk&m;\ tcsdeftcgukdapmifhpm;Mu&efvkdtyfonf/
olwkdYukdykHoGif;í xdef;ausmif;avhusifhay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdtm;BuD;aom
vufawmfESihftwl olwkdYütvkyfvkyfcGihfjyKMu&rnf/ rdrdwkdYESihf rdrdwdkY\trI
t&mrsm;ukd jr§ifhwifzkdY BudK;pm;rnfhtpm;? bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aomt
csdefü csD;ajr§mufjr§ifhwihfcH&zkdY bk&m;ocifukdapmifhpm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;\ wefckd;BuD;aomvufawmfatmufü ukd,fhukdukd,f
ESdrfhcsonfht,ltqukd em;rvnfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm; uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü
&SdcJhygonf/ vli,fwkdY\ EkysKdvef;qef;aomxufoefrIrsm;onf rnfolY
ukdrSrapmifhEkdifyg/ ydwfxm;aomwHcg;rsm;ukd 0ifaqmifhcJhaomaMumihf tzk
tydefYrsm;ukd a0pktjzpfuREkfyf&&SdcJhygonf/ &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifu olwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfapaot&mrsm;udk ESdrfhcspGmvkyf
aqmifMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf ocifbk&m;tay:üopöm&SdaMumif;
ukdvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;\ vrf;ñTefrIukd0efcHtyfESHaMumif;ukdvnf;
aumif; oufaojyMuonfESihftrQ tcsdefwefaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
olwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufygvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfonf wefcdk;BuD;aMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/
qkdvkdonfrSm xkdvufawmfonf 4if;jyKvkyfzkdYowfrSwfx;aomt&mrsm;
ukdNyD;ajrmufatmifpGrf;aqmifEkdifonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYrESpfoufaomae&müvnf;uREkfyfwkdYukdxm;yg
vdrhfrnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif xkdvufawmf\zdtm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdxkacs
awmhrnfhtvm; xif&onf/ okdYaomfuREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcsí
xm0&bk&m;ocifvkyfaeaomt&mukd vufcHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wefckd;
298 299
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
BuD;aomvufawmf\trIukd ocifbk&m;tm;NyD;ajrmufcGihfay;yg/ acscGJzdkY
vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd acscGJcGihfjyKyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukd oloihfawmfonf[k
jrifonfhtwkdif;ykHoGif;cGihfjyKyg/ þonfrSmcsD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&zkdYwpfckwnf;
aomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fukdukd,fcsD;ajr§mufzkdY BudK;pm;Ekdifyg
aomfvnf; tvkyfjzpfrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonf
axmifvTm;aompdwfjzihf jyKvkyfMujcif;jzpfonf/ ukd,fukdukd,fESdrfhcsí
bk&m;ocifukd vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifcGihfjyKaomolrsm;u bk&m;ocif\ csD;
ajr§mufjcif;ukd trSefwu,fodEkdifMuonf/ þvli,frsm;onf ukd,fhukd
ukd,fESdrfhcsjcif;wefqmukd0wfqifí bk&m;ocifxHü0efcHtyfESHjcif;jzihf
toufwmü bk&m;ocif\yuwdjynfhpkHaom tBuHtpnfukd bk&m;ocif
tm;taumiftxnfazmfcGihfay;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
oifwkdYonfpkd;&drfjcif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfütyfESHMuavmhoifwkdYonfpkd;&drfjcif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfütyfESHMuavmh
oifwkdYonfpkd;&drfjcif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfütyfESHMuavmhoifwkdYonfpkd;&drfjcif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfütyfESHMuavmh
oifwkdYonfpkd;&drfjcif;rsm;ukd ukd,fawmfütyfESHMuavmh
tcef;i,f 7 wGif vli,frsm;twGuftjcm;pdefac:csuf&dSaeonf/
&Sifayw½kuolwkdY\ pkd;&drfylyefrItm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;xHütyfESHMuzkdY
qifhac:cJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocif\Munfh½Iapmifha&Smufjcif;ukd
olwkdYtm;today;cJhonf/ þvli,frsm;wGif b0\armyef;cufcJaom
ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ü bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukdtrSefMunfh½Iapmifh
a&SmufaeaMumif;ukd jyozkdYb0tawGUtBuHKr&SdcJhMuyg/ toufBuD;olwkdY
rSmum; b0üþuJhokdYaomtajctaeukd rsm;pGmjzwfoef;cJhMu&NyD;? bk&m;
ocifonf tcuftcJwpfckNyD;wpfckwGif tvkyfvkyfaecJhaMumif;ukd
awGUjrif&onfhtcGihf&SdcJhMuonf/ &Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\
pdk;&drfylyefrItm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;xHütyfEHSMuzdkY wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYukd *½kpkdufaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf b0tajctaersm;ukd tajz&Smay;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh
olwkdYonf bk&mocifukd tjynfht0rSDckdEkdifMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf pkd;&drfylyefjcif;aMumhuGif;ü rnfokdYcPcPaMumhrd
EkdifonfhtjzpfukduREkfyfukd,füu tHhMoírqkH;Ekdifyg/ pkd;&drfylyefrIaMumihf
rvIyfEkdif r&Sm;EkdifjzpfcJhonfhtcsdefrsm; uREkfyftoufwmü&SdcJhygonf/ pkd;
&drfylyefjcif;twGuf ajzaq;rSmtb,fenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYpkd;&drfaomt&m
rsm;ukd ocifa,½IxHü tyfESHjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ukd,fhukd,f
ukdvnf;aumif;? pkd;&drfjcif;ukdjzpfapaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; pdwfcs
,kHMunfrI&SdpGmjzihf ocifbk&m;xHütyfESHí 4if;wkdYukdwefckd;BuD;í pGrf;aqmif
EkdifpGrf;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\vufawmfü csefxm;&pfcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwdkY
\pkd;&drfrIrsm;onf ocifbk&m;\ cspfjcif;arwåmtapmifhta&Smufü
ab;uif;vkHNcHKMuygonf/
or®mowd&SdvsufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmhor®mowd&SdvsufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmh
or®mowd&SdvsufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmhor®mowd&SdvsufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmh
or®mowd&SdvsufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmh
&Sifayw½kuvli,frsm;tm; ukd,fhukd,fukd csKyfwnf;íEkd;Mum;
wuf<uMu&eftav;teufwkdufwGef;cJhonf (i,f 8)/ ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyf
wnf;jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\toD;tyGihfwpfckjzpfonf (*vmwd 5;23)/
4if;onf cufcJMurf;wrf;aomtcsdefrsm;wGifyif bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd emcHjcif;ü&Sifoef&ef udk,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;EkdifpGrf;ukday;aom
bk&m;ay;pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;wpfyg;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfuREkfyfwkdYtoufwm
twGufxm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ürnf
onfhtzkd;tcay;&ay;& qufuyftyfESHvkdaom 0dnmOfawmfay;pdwfqE´
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;300 301
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;304 305
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;udk &ifqkdifzkdY uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü tcGihfjyKxm;aom
bk&m;ocifukduREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfukd;pm;onfESihftrQ olonfuREkfyfwkdYtm;
þppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd jzwfausmfaqmif,loGm;Ekdifygonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYt; odvTmEk\tultnDjzihf
þpmapmifukda&;om;EkdifcJhaMumif; ajymjyjcif;jzihf rdrd\pmapmifukd ed*kH;
csKyfxm;ygonf/ olonf odvTmEkukdopöm&Sdaom nDtpfukdwpfa,muft
jzpfowfrSwfcJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ or®m
w&m;ü þpmapmifukdzwf½IMuaom ,kHMunfolrsm;ukdvnf; cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;vkdcJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku olwkdYukd olYxHrSvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;
wrefawmfrsm;xHrSvnf;aumif; Mum;emcJhMuonfhor®mw&m;ü rm;rm;
&yfwnfMuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 13 wGif ]]AmAkvkefNrdKUü&Sdaomolr}}uvnf; EIwfquf
pum;rsm;ukd ay;ykdYvkdufygonf/ þpum;pkonf &Sif;vif;csufa&;om;ol
rsm;tMum;wGif BuD;rm;aomjiif;ckefjcif;ukd jzpfapcJhonf/ þpum;pkukd
tjriftwkdif; wkduf½kdufteufzGihfvQif AmAkvkefNrdKUü trIawmfaqmifae
aom ocifbk&m;üwnfaom nDrwpfa,mufukd &nfñTef;Ekdifygonf/
xkdpum;pkonf xkda'owpf0kduf&Sd omoemjyKrsm;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI
jzihf wnfaxmifcJhaom toif;awmfwpfyg;ukdvnf; &nfñTef;Ekdifygonf/
EIwfcGef;qufjcif;rsm;ukd &Sifayw½ku rdrdom;tjzpfrSwf,lcJhonfh &Sifrmuk
xHrSvnf; ay;ykdYcJhonf/ touft&G,fBuD;aeolwpfOD;tjzpfESihf &Sifayw½k
onf &SifrmukukkdcGeftm;ay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? wynfhawmftjzpf
jyKvkyfrGrf;rH&eftwGufvnf;aumif; rdrd\tawmifatmufü Munfh½IcJh
ygonf/
&Sifayw½ku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESihfwpf
a,mufarwåmterf;jzihf erf;jcif;jzihfEIwfqufMu&efajymqkdjcif;jzihf ed*kH;
csKyfcJhonf/ xkdokdYed*kH;csKyfonfESihftrQ olwkdYtm;vkH;ukd ocifc&pfawmf\
Nidrfoufjcif;ESihftwl aumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\tv,frStoufBuD;&ifholrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;MuzkdY
tb,fhaMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
vli,frsm;üjzpfwwfonfh xl;jcm;aompkHprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm
tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;BuD;aomvufawmfatmufü ukd,fhukd,fukd
ESdrfhcsjcif;onf rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdygoenf;/ xkdt&monf
tNrJwrf;vG,fulygovm;/
,ckvuf&SdwGif oihfb0ürnfonfhpkd;&drfrIrsKd; &Sdaeygoenf;/
xkdt&mukd ocifbk&m;\ vufxJütyfESHxm;&pfcJhEkdifygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdY ukd,fhukd,fukd ESdrfhcsjcif;wefqm0wfqifzdkY qkdonfrSm
rnfonfht&mukd qkdvkdygoenf;/
jyóemudpö&yfrsm;ukd ukd,fhtpGrf;tpjzihf ajz&Sif;zdkYBudK;pm;zl;yg
ovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ vufawmfatmufü udk,fhukd,fukdESdrfhcs
jcif;onf tb,faMumifhta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihftoufwmrStoufBuD;aom oefY&Sif;aomolrsm;twGuf
vli,frsm;twGuf trSmpum;304 305
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;zdkY tcsdef,lyg/
bk&m;ocifukd OD;aqmifcGihfay;í bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
ukdtxajrmufcGihfay;rnfhtpm; jyóemudpö&yfrsm;ukd ukd,fht
pGrf;tpjzihf ajz&Sif;zdkY BudK;pm;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwf
ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;udk awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufESihftvkdawmfukd ESdrfhcspGm0efcHtyfESH
&if;avQmufvSrf;&SifoefzkdY qufuyftyfESHEkdifrnfhtaMumif;
0dnmOfawmf\ toD;tyGihfwpfckjzpfaom ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;
Ekdifjcif;tm; oihfukday;em;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü ,ckBuHKawGUae&aom pkd;&drfylyefrIrsm;ukd
z,f&Sm;ay;í oihftm;Nidrfoufjcif;ukday;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
toufwmü oif&ifqkdif&aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd
ocifbk&m;u xdef;csKyfx;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
olonf rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufukd oihftoufwmü NyD;jynfhpkHapzkdY
xkdppfaMumpD&ifjcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm'kwd,apmifukd a&;om;jyKpkolrSm &Sdrkef[k
trnfwGifaomoljzpfonf/ zcifjzpfol\trnfrSm a,mejzpfonf[l
aomtcsufrSwpfyg; &Sdrkef\taMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/ &Sdrkef
ukdnDjzpfol ta`E´uocifa,½IxHokdY ykdYaqmifrdwfqufay;cJhonf (a,m
[ef 1;40-42)/ olonftdrfaxmifonfwpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf; olY&JUZeD;
onftaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrod&yg/ olonf uay&aemifNrdKUwGiftdrf&Sd
NyD; xkdtdrfwGifa,mu©rjzpfolaexkdifcJhonf[k ,lq&onf (rmuk 1;29-
30)/ olonf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyftjzpfwHigvkyfief;udkvkyfudkif
aom wHigonfwpfOD;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Iu olYukdwynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzdkY qifhac:cJhNyD; olY&JU
emrnfukd &SdrkefrS ]]ausmuf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&aom ]]ayw½k}} tjzpfajymif;vJ
cJhonf (a,m[ef 1;41)/ xkdtcsdefrSpí olYukdayw½k[k odcJhMuNyD;? olonf
ocifa,½IESihftvGefaumif;rGefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIwpfckukd &&SdcJhonf/
olESihftwl ,mukyf? a,m[efwkdYukdocifa,½IteD;tyg;ü tNrJvkdvkd
awGU&onf/
or®musrf;pmu &Sifayw½kukd &J&ifhjywfom;ípdwfvkdufrmefvkduf
306
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifbk&m;ukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;zdkY tcsdef,lyg/
bk&m;ocifukd OD;aqmifcGihfay;í bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
ukdtxajrmufcGihfay;rnfhtpm; jyóemudpö&yfrsm;ukd ukd,fht
pGrf;tpjzihf ajz&Sif;zdkY BudK;pm;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwf
ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;udk awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufESihftvkdawmfukd ESdrfhcspGm0efcHtyfESH
&if;avQmufvSrf;&SifoefzkdY qufuyftyfESHEkdifrnfhtaMumif;
0dnmOfawmf\ toD;tyGihfwpfckjzpfaom ukd,fhukd,fukdcsKyfwnf;
Ekdifjcif;tm; oihfukday;em;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü ,ckBuHKawGUae&aom pkd;&drfylyefrIrsm;ukd
z,f&Sm;ay;í oihftm;Nidrfoufjcif;ukday;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü
awmif;avQmufyg/
toufwmü oif&ifqkdif&aomppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd
ocifbk&m;u xdef;csKyfx;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
olonf rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufukd oihftoufwmü NyD;jynfhpkHapzkdY
xkdppfaMumpD&ifjcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkola&;om;jyKpkol
a&;om;jyKpkol
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm'kwd,apmifukd a&;om;jyKpkolrSm &Sdrkef[k
trnfwGifaomoljzpfonf/ zcifjzpfol\trnfrSm a,mejzpfonf[l
aomtcsufrSwpfyg; &Sdrkef\taMumif;ukd tenf;i,fomod&onf/ &Sdrkef
ukdnDjzpfol ta`E´uocifa,½IxHokdY ykdYaqmifrdwfqufay;cJhonf (a,m
[ef 1;40-42)/ olonftdrfaxmifonfwpfOD;jzpfaomfvnf; olY&JUZeD;
onftaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrod&yg/ olonf uay&aemifNrdKUwGiftdrf&Sd
NyD; xkdtdrfwGifa,mu©rjzpfolaexkdifcJhonf[k ,lq&onf (rmuk 1;29-
30)/ olonf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyftjzpfwHigvkyfief;udkvkyfudkif
aom wHigonfwpfOD;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Iu olYukdwynfhawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmzdkY qifhac:cJhNyD; olY&JU
emrnfukd &SdrkefrS ]]ausmuf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&aom ]]ayw½k}} tjzpfajymif;vJ
cJhonf (a,m[ef 1;41)/ xkdtcsdefrSpí olYukdayw½k[k odcJhMuNyD;? olonf
ocifa,½IESihftvGefaumif;rGefaom qufqH&if;ESD;rIwpfckukd &&SdcJhonf/
olESihftwl ,mukyf? a,m[efwkdYukdocifa,½IteD;tyg;ü tNrJvkdvkd
awGU&onf/
or®musrf;pmu &Sifayw½kukd &J&ifhjywfom;ípdwfvkdufrmefvkduf
306
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihf jyKvkyfwwfaom? udk,fhukd,fukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrIS&SdaomolwpfOD;tae
jzihf azmfusL;xm;onf (rmuk 14;31 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½IukdoloduRrf;
cJhygonf[laomtcsufukd okH;Budrfwkdifwkdifjiif;y,fcJhcsdefwGif rmefpG,fcsKd;
cHcJh&onf/ aemufykdif;wGif olonfwrefawmf0wåKxJwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU
teD;w0kduf&Sd a'orsm;rS ,kHMunfolrsm;xHü t"duomoemjyKjcif;jzihf
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf tBuD;tus,ftokH;cHcJh&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd&Sifayw½k\toufwmtqkH;
ykdif;wGif a&;om;cJhonf (1;13-15 ukdMunfhyg)/ þtcsufonf þpm
apmif\&nf&G,fcsufukd em;vnf&eft"duaomhcsufjzpfonf[k xifrSwf
&onf/ &Sifayw½k\pdwfqE´rSm ocifbk&m;ESihftwl pHpm;zdkYþavmuukd
rpGefYcGgrDwGif xkdacwfumvrStoif;awmfxJü owday;csufESihfpdefac:csuf
wpfckukd xm;&pfcJh&efjzpfonf[k xif&onf/ ol\acwfumv&Sd c&pf,mef
rsm;taejzihf avmuDwyfrufjcif;tnpftaMu;ESihf vGwfuif;NyD; (1;4)?
atmifjrifjzpfxGef;aom toufwmjzihf&SifoefMuonfukd awGUjrifvkdcJh
onf (1;8)/ &Sifayw½kuolwkdYtm; rdrdonfocifa,½Iukd ukd,fwkdifjrif
cJhí ocifa,½I\pum;ukd ukd,fwkdifMum;cJhaomolwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif; (1;17-18)? ocifa,½Ionf <uvmrnfhar&Sd,jzpfonfukd
ya&mzufrsm;u &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymMum;cJhaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;
(1;19-21)? jyefvnftoday;xm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku ocifa,½IESihf
ocifa,½IajymMum;cJhaom pum;rsm;ESihfygwfoufí oHo,rjzpfapcsif
cJhyg/ olaoqkH;NyD;aemufwGif ol\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; vSnfhjzm;zkdYrSm;
,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;pGma&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; em;vnfo
abmaygufcJhonf(12;1-3)/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;ukd ckcHwGef;vSefíocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfí ESdrfhcsaompdwfESihftwlapmifhpm;Mu&ef
pdefac:cJhonf/ þpmapmifü awGU&onfh&Sifayw½k\BuD;rm;aompdwf
qE´rSm toif;awmfonfocifc&pfawmf\ EIwfuywfaawmfor®mw&m;ü
qufvufusifvnf&Sifoefí ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd
arQmfvifhjcif;ESihfwuG ,kHMunfukd;pm;íapmifhpm;Mu&efjzpfaMumif;rSm
ay:vGifaeonf/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
&Sifayw½ku ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd tao;
pdwfrajymjycJhaomfvnf;? uREkfyfwdkYtaejzihf tqifoifhjzpfaeMu&efrSm
ol\pdefac:csufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;wkdifrDaeY
&ufumvwGif vSnfhjzm;wwfaomya&mzuftajrmuftjrm; ay:xGef;vm
rnfukd olodaecJhNyD;? rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; or®mw&m;üopöm&Sd&Sd
&SifoefavQmufvSrf;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ xkd<uqif;vmjcif;ukd arQmfvifh
jcif;ESihfwuG tqifoihfjzpfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &Sifoef
Mu&efrSmuREkfyfwkdYtwGufpdefac:csufwpfckjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½kMo0g'pm
'kwd,aapmifonf rdrdaoqkH;oGm;NyD;aemufwGif qufvufí&Sifoef
usef&pfrnfholrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ukd qufvufí vufqifh
308 309
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihf jyKvkyfwwfaom? udk,fhukd,fukd pdwfcs,kHMunfrIS&SdaomolwpfOD;tae
jzihf azmfusL;xm;onf (rmuk 14;31 ukdMunfhyg)/ ocifa,½IukdoloduRrf;
cJhygonf[laomtcsufukd okH;Budrfwkdifwkdifjiif;y,fcJhcsdefwGif rmefpG,fcsKd;
cHcJh&onf/ aemufykdif;wGif olonfwrefawmf0wåKxJwGif a,½k&SvifNrdKU
teD;w0kduf&Sd a'orsm;rS ,kHMunfolrsm;xHü t"duomoemjyKjcif;jzihf
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf tBuD;tus,ftokH;cHcJh&onf/
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&maemufcHtaMumif;t&m
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
&Sifayw½kMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifukd&Sifayw½k\toufwmtqkH;
ykdif;wGif a&;om;cJhonf (1;13-15 ukdMunfhyg)/ þtcsufonf þpm
apmif\&nf&G,fcsufukd em;vnf&eft"duaomhcsufjzpfonf[k xifrSwf
&onf/ &Sifayw½k\pdwfqE´rSm ocifbk&m;ESihftwl pHpm;zdkYþavmuukd
rpGefYcGgrDwGif xkdacwfumvrStoif;awmfxJü owday;csufESihfpdefac:csuf
wpfckukd xm;&pfcJh&efjzpfonf[k xif&onf/ ol\acwfumv&Sd c&pf,mef
rsm;taejzihf avmuDwyfrufjcif;tnpftaMu;ESihf vGwfuif;NyD; (1;4)?
atmifjrifjzpfxGef;aom toufwmjzihf&SifoefMuonfukd awGUjrifvkdcJh
onf (1;8)/ &Sifayw½kuolwkdYtm; rdrdonfocifa,½Iukd ukd,fwkdifjrif
cJhí ocifa,½I\pum;ukd ukd,fwkdifMum;cJhaomolwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif; (1;17-18)? ocifa,½Ionf <uvmrnfhar&Sd,jzpfonfukd
ya&mzufrsm;u &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymMum;cJhaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;
(1;19-21)? jyefvnftoday;xm;ygonf/ &Sifayw½ku ocifa,½IESihf
ocifa,½IajymMum;cJhaom pum;rsm;ESihfygwfoufí oHo,rjzpfapcsif
cJhyg/ olaoqkH;NyD;aemufwGif ol\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; vSnfhjzm;zkdYrSm;
,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;pGma&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; em;vnfo
abmaygufcJhonf(12;1-3)/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;ukd ckcHwGef;vSefíocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfí ESdrfhcsaompdwfESihftwlapmifhpm;Mu&ef
pdefac:cJhonf/ þpmapmifü awGU&onfh&Sifayw½k\BuD;rm;aompdwf
qE´rSm toif;awmfonfocifc&pfawmf\ EIwfuywfaawmfor®mw&m;ü
qufvufusifvnf&Sifoefí ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd
arQmfvifhjcif;ESihfwuG ,kHMunfukd;pm;íapmifhpm;Mu&efjzpfaMumif;rSm
ay:vGifaeonf/
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
,aeYtwGufþpmapmifhta&;ygykH
&Sifayw½ku ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd tao;
pdwfrajymjycJhaomfvnf;? uREkfyfwdkYtaejzihf tqifoifhjzpfaeMu&efrSm
ol\pdefac:csufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;wkdifrDaeY
&ufumvwGif vSnfhjzm;wwfaomya&mzuftajrmuftjrm; ay:xGef;vm
rnfukd olodaecJhNyD;? rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; or®mw&m;üopöm&Sd&Sd
&SifoefavQmufvSrf;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ xkd<uqif;vmjcif;ukd arQmfvifh
jcif;ESihfwuG tqifoihfjzpfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmrsm;ukd &Sifoef
Mu&efrSmuREkfyfwkdYtwGufpdefac:csufwpfckjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½kMo0g'pm
'kwd,aapmifonf rdrdaoqkH;oGm;NyD;aemufwGif qufvufí&Sifoef
usef&pfrnfholrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;ukd qufvufí vufqifh
308 309
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
3434
3434
34
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
2 ay 1;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf wrefawmfayw½k\ 'kwd,ajrmufpmapmif
jzpfonf/ olYukd,folocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHESihfwrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpf
rdwfqufxm;onf/ &Sifayw½konf rdrd\t½kduft&mukd MoZmtmPm
&Sdaomt½kduft&mwpfcktjzpf r½IjrifcJh? ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGuf 0efaqmif
rIay;aom t½kduft&mwpfcktjzpfom ½IjrifcJhonf/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m
&SduREfkyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;vkH;ESihf &mxl;*kPfyk'ftm;vkH;ukd &Sifay
w½kuJhokdYyif ½IjrifMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf xl;jcm;aomtcef;u@wpfck
pDtwGuf qifhac:jcif;cH&aom ocifa,½I\tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/
&Sifayw½k\Mo0g'pmapmifukd ]]u,fwif&Sifa,½Ic&pfESihf igwkdY
bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh jrwfpGmaom,kHMunfjcif;ukd
vufcHaomolwkdY}} xHodkYvdyfrlí ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYavhvm
zdkYvkdtyfonfh ta&;BuD;aomtao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;&Sdaeonf/
&Sifayw½kajymaeaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd ajymaejcif;
r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf tjypfom;rsm;jzpfMuonfukd or®musrf;pm
utwdtvif;az:jyxm;onf/ tjypfom;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf
urf;a0iSMurnfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifvkdonfh touft&G,f&aeNyDjzpfaom
wrefawmfwpfyg;\ pdwfESvkH;ukdvnf; xkwfazmfjyoxm;ygonf/
&Sifayw½k\aemufqkH;qE´jyKcsufonf uREkfyfwkdY\aeY&ufumvwGif
uREkfyfwkdYukdpum;ajymaeygonf/ aemifvmrnfhrsKd;qufrsm;xHü rnfonfh
t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYvufqifhurf;aa0iSMurnfenf;/
310
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
3434
3434
34
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
2 ay 1;1-4 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf wrefawmfayw½k\ 'kwd,ajrmufpmapmif
jzpfonf/ olYukd,folocifa,½Ic&pf\ tapcHESihfwrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpf
rdwfqufxm;onf/ &Sifayw½konf rdrd\t½kduft&mukd MoZmtmPm
&Sdaomt½kduft&mwpfcktjzpf r½IjrifcJh? ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGuf 0efaqmif
rIay;aom t½kduft&mwpfcktjzpfom ½IjrifcJhonf/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨m
&SduREfkyfwkdY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;tm;vkH;ESihf &mxl;*kPfyk'ftm;vkH;ukd &Sifay
w½kuJhokdYyif ½IjrifMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf xl;jcm;aomtcef;u@wpfck
pDtwGuf qifhac:jcif;cH&aom ocifa,½I\tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/
&Sifayw½k\Mo0g'pmapmifukd ]]u,fwif&Sifa,½Ic&pfESihf igwkdY
bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh jrwfpGmaom,kHMunfjcif;ukd
vufcHaomolwkdY}} xHodkYvdyfrlí ay;ykdYcJhonf/ þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYavhvm
zdkYvkdtyfonfh ta&;BuD;aomtao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;&Sdaeonf/
&Sifayw½kajymaeaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
jzpfaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ olonfuREkfyfwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd ajymaejcif;
r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf tjypfom;rsm;jzpfMuonfukd or®musrf;pm
utwdtvif;az:jyxm;onf/ tjypfom;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf
urf;a0iSMurnfhtjzpfukd awGUjrifvkdonfh touft&G,f&aeNyDjzpfaom
wrefawmfwpfyg;\ pdwfESvkH;ukdvnf; xkwfazmfjyoxm;ygonf/
&Sifayw½k\aemufqkH;qE´jyKcsufonf uREkfyfwkdY\aeY&ufumvwGif
uREkfyfwkdYukdpum;ajymaeygonf/ aemifvmrnfhrsKd;qufrsm;xHü rnfonfh
t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYvufqifhurf;aa0iSMurnfenf;/
310
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ESihf
vnf;aumif;uif;uGmcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tjypfobm0u bk&m;
ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd awmifhwrIr&Sdyg/ ocifbk&m;uuREkfyf
wdkY\pdwfESvkH;ukd zGifh[írdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\
txJü rxm;rcsif;? uREkfyfwkdYxJu rnfolurQ bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnf
udkem;vnfcJhrnfr[kwfouJhodkY bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ukdvnf; vuf
cHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ukdodí c&pfawmf\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;ukd awGUBuHKcHpm;zdkYqkdvQif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü a&S;OD;pGmtvkyfvkyf&ayvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;zkdY vdktyfonfh'kwd,tcsufrSm ,kHMunfjcif;onf
ocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aom vufaqmifwpfyg;jzpf
onf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku ]],kHMunfjcif;ukd vufcHaom}}
olwkdYukd a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;ukd oifhtm;ay;oem;cJhonfh
aeY&ufukd oifowd&aumif;&ygvdrfhrnf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmoifonf bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdem;rvnfEkdifcJhyg/ 4if;wdkYonfoifhtwGuf
t"dyÜg,fr&SdcJhMuyg/ okdYaomfwpfaeYwGif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
oihf&JUpdwf ESvkH;ukd wkdYxdNyD;? bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESihf
oufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; ,kHMunfEkdifzkdYoifhtm; ,kHMunfjcif;
ukday;cJhonf/ xdkaeYwGifocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGuf xkdocifütBuHtpnfwpfck
&SdcJhaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; oifodcJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmfESihfaumif;
jrwfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:cJhaom ocifc&pfawmfukdodaom
ÓPftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;ESihf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaot&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfu uREkfyfwkdYukd
ay;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; qufvufíajymjyxm;onf/ þae&mü &Sifayw½k
uuREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyaeaomt&mukd avhvmprf;ppf&efta&;BuD;onf/
&Sifayw½ku twdwfumvukd jyaomBud,mykHpHjzihfajymcJhonfukd
owdjyKyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? touf&Sifjcif;ESihfbk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdxm;
NyDjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY
txJrS tajrmuftjrm;uem;rvnfMuyg/ ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü
taocHí rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüoGwfoGif;
xm;&SdcsdefwGif þb0üuREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfh tcuftcJrsm;tm;
vkH;twGuf uREkyfwkdYukd tjynfht0jyifqifrGrf;rHay;cJhygonf/ ocifa,½I
ESihfykdío@mefwlzdkY uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sd
xm;MuNyD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmüuREkfyfwkdYrSjznfhqnf;jynfhpHkapjcif;r&SdbJ rsufarSmufawmfü xkdaemuf
qkH;aomaeY&ufwGif&yfMurnfqkdvQif? uREfkyfwkdYüvkdovkdtokH;jyKzdkY t&if;
tjrpfrsm;r&SdcJhaomaMumifh xkdokdYjzpfcJhonfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukday;
xm;aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd tusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;rjyKcJhMuaomaMumifhom
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iü rdrdwkdYrnfolrnf0g jzpfaMumif; c&pf,mefrsm;
uod&Sdem;vnfvmMuonfukd jrif&aomtcg pmwefrSm wkefvIyfacsmuf
csm;aeygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\cGeftm;ESihf ÓPfynmukdrSDckdtm;xm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;312 313
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocifESihfvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ESihf
vnf;aumif;uif;uGmcJhMu&onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ tjypfobm0u bk&m;
ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd awmifhwrIr&Sdyg/ ocifbk&m;uuREkfyf
wdkY\pdwfESvkH;ukd zGifh[írdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdY\
txJü rxm;rcsif;? uREkfyfwkdYxJu rnfolurQ bk&m;ocif\tBuHtpnf
udkem;vnfcJhrnfr[kwfouJhodkY bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ukdvnf; vuf
cHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\u,fwifjcif;ukdodí c&pfawmf\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;ukd awGUBuHKcHpm;zdkYqkdvQif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü a&S;OD;pGmtvkyfvkyf&ayvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;zkdY vdktyfonfh'kwd,tcsufrSm ,kHMunfjcif;onf
ocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukday;xm;aom vufaqmifwpfyg;jzpf
onf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku ]],kHMunfjcif;ukd vufcHaom}}
olwkdYukd a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonf/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;ukd oifhtm;ay;oem;cJhonfh
aeY&ufukd oifowd&aumif;&ygvdrfhrnf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmoifonf bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ukdem;rvnfEkdifcJhyg/ 4if;wdkYonfoifhtwGuf
t"dyÜg,fr&SdcJhMuyg/ okdYaomfwpfaeYwGif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
oihf&JUpdwf ESvkH;ukd wkdYxdNyD;? bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESihf
oufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; ,kHMunfEkdifzkdYoifhtm; ,kHMunfjcif;
ukday;cJhonf/ xdkaeYwGifocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;ukd
vnf;aumif;? oihf&JUu,fwifjcif;twGuf xkdocifütBuHtpnfwpfck
&SdcJhaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif; oifodcJhygonf/
tcef;i,f 3 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmfESihfaumif;
jrwfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:cJhaom ocifc&pfawmfukdodaom
ÓPftm;jzihf touf&Sifjcif;ESihf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf uREkfyf
wkdYvkdtyfaot&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfu uREkfyfwkdYukd
ay;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; qufvufíajymjyxm;onf/ þae&mü &Sifayw½k
uuREkfyfwkdYukdajymjyaeaomt&mukd avhvmprf;ppf&efta&;BuD;onf/
&Sifayw½ku twdwfumvukd jyaomBud,mykHpHjzihfajymcJhonfukd
owdjyKyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif? touf&Sifjcif;ESihfbk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdxm;
NyDjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Iü uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;aomt&mukd uREkfyfwkdY
txJrS tajrmuftjrm;uem;rvnfMuyg/ ocifa,½Ium;wkdifxufü
taocHí rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüoGwfoGif;
xm;&SdcsdefwGif þb0üuREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifBuHKawGU&rnfh tcuftcJrsm;tm;
vkH;twGuf uREkyfwkdYukd tjynfht0jyifqifrGrf;rHay;cJhygonf/ ocifa,½I
ESihfykdío@mefwlzdkY uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfaomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sd
xm;MuNyD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmüuREkfyfwkdYrSjznfhqnf;jynfhpHkapjcif;r&SdbJ rsufarSmufawmfü xkdaemuf
qkH;aomaeY&ufwGif&yfMurnfqkdvQif? uREfkyfwkdYüvkdovkdtokH;jyKzdkY t&if;
tjrpfrsm;r&SdcJhaomaMumifh xkdokdYjzpfcJhonfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukday;
xm;aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd tusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;rjyKcJhMuaomaMumifhom
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½Iü rdrdwkdYrnfolrnf0g jzpfaMumif; c&pf,mefrsm;
uod&Sdem;vnfvmMuonfukd jrif&aomtcg pmwefrSm wkefvIyfacsmuf
csm;aeygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\cGeftm;ESihf ÓPfynmukdrSDckdtm;xm;
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;312 313
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
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awmfonf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGufr[kwfyg/ ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom
trIukd,kHMunfí oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd vufcH&&Sdolrsm;omvQif
touf&Sifjcif;ESihf bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;twGuf þwefckd;awmfukd
&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/
ocifc&pfawmfonf rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;?
aumif;jrwfjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:awmfrlcJhaom
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onf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ bkef;wefckd;awmfonf olbk&m;ocifjzpfjcif;rS
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aumif;jrwfjcif;(yuwdjynfhpkHjcif;)aMumifhom ol\,ZfylaZmfjcif;ukd bk&m;
ocifuvufcHcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ yuwdjynfhpkHjcif;r&Sdaom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;u
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uom tjypfukdvTwfEkdifonf/ ocifa,½Ionf yuwdjynfhpkHíbkef;to
a&&Sdaom xkdokd;oli,fjzpfonf/
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vnf; ykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ or®musrf;&Sd uwdawmfrsm;onf ocifa,½I
ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;ygonf/ ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtm; xkduwdawmfrsm;ukday;cJh&onfhtaMumif;t&if;ukd
owdxm;Munfhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olESifhykdío@mefwlvm&efrSm ocif
a,½I\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½I\ bk&m;
oabmobm0ukd rQa0cHpm;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&m
wkd;wufBuD;xGm;jcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;zkdY þuwdawmfrsm;ukd &nf
&G,fxm;ygonf/ ocifa,½I\ pdwfqE´rSmavmuDwyfrufjcif; tnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfvGwfuif;zkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;aqmifay;&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
\ukd,fykdiftjypfrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDwyfrufjcif;tnpftaMu;
rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; &ifqkdif&mü uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
zdkY þuwdawmfrsm;ukd &nf&G,fxm;onf/
ocifbk&m;ESihftwl oifavQmufvSrf;&mü ocifbk&m;\uwd
awmfrsm;onf oifcGeftm;,lESpfodrfhjcif;ukd &Ekdifonfht&if;tjrpftjzpf
tBudrfrnfrQ&SdaecJhygoenf;/ avmuDt&mrsm;ESihf Zmwdyuwdukdoifwkduf
314 315tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aomolrsm;ukd rdrdr,SOfEkdifaMumif; pmwefodxm;onf/
þwefckd;awmftm;vkH;onf ocifa,½IukdodaomÓPftm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvQHy,f&Sdaeygonf/ ocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomol
rsm;omvQif þwefckd;awmfukd vkdoavmuf&&SdykdifqkdifMuonf/ þwefckd;
awmfonf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGufr[kwfyg/ ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaom
trIukd,kHMunfí oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukd vufcH&&Sdolrsm;omvQif
touf&Sifjcif;ESihf bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;twGuf þwefckd;awmfukd
&&Sdykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/
ocifc&pfawmfonf rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmftm;jzihfvnf;aumif;?
aumif;jrwfjcif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:awmfrlcJhaom
aMumifh þwefckd;rsm;tm;vkH;onf uREkfyfwkdYxHokdYa&mufvmMujcif;jzpf
onf/ ocifc&pfawmf\ bkef;wefckd;awmfonf olbk&m;ocifjzpfjcif;rS
a&mufvmygonf/ bk&m;ociftjzpfESihfolonfrdrd\ toufukd,ZfylaZmf
jcif;uJhodkY ylaZmf&efþavmuodkY <uqif;vmcJhygonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf uREkfyf
wkdYrSm tjypf'kp½kduf\jypf'PfrS uif;vTwfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifa,½I\
aumif;jrwfjcif;(yuwdjynfhpkHjcif;)aMumifhom ol\,ZfylaZmfjcif;ukd bk&m;
ocifuvufcHcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ yuwdjynfhpkHjcif;r&Sdaom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;u
þt&mukd rjyKvkyfEkdifyg/ yuwdjynfhpkHaom okd;oli,fukd,ZfylaZmfjcif;
uom tjypfukdvTwfEkdifonf/ ocifa,½Ionf yuwdjynfhpkHíbkef;to
a&&Sdaom xkdokd;oli,fjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 4 wGif ocifa,½I\bkef;wefckd;awmfESihfaumif;jrwf
jcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonf rsm;pGmaomuwdawmfrsm;ukd vufcH&&SdMu&
onfukd uREkfyfwkdYowdjyKrdygonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü uREkfyf
wdkYvufcH&&Sdxm;Muonfh uwdawmfrsm;&Sdonf/ þuwdawmfrsm;tm;vkH;
onf ocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf? þavmuübk&m;ukdaMumuf
aomtoufwmjzihf uREkfyfwkdY&Sifoef&eftwGufvkdtyfaom t&mtm;vkH;
ukduREkfyfwkdYykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtoufwmü vdktyfcsufrsm;
&SdvmaomtcsdefwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdESpfodrfhcGeftm;ay;rnfh uwdawmfrsm;ukd
vnf; ykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ or®musrf;&Sd uwdawmfrsm;onf ocifa,½I
ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;ygonf/ ocif
a,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYtm; xkduwdawmfrsm;ukday;cJh&onfhtaMumif;t&if;ukd
owdxm;Munfhyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olESifhykdío@mefwlvm&efrSm ocif
a,½I\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½I\ bk&m;
oabmobm0ukd rQa0cHpm;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&m
wkd;wufBuD;xGm;jcif;ü uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;zkdY þuwdawmfrsm;ukd &nf
&G,fxm;ygonf/ ocifa,½I\ pdwfqE´rSmavmuDwyfrufjcif; tnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfvGwfuif;zkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdpGrf;aqmifay;&efjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
\ukd,fykdiftjypfrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? avmuDwyfrufjcif;tnpftaMu;
rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; &ifqkdif&mü uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
zdkY þuwdawmfrsm;ukd &nf&G,fxm;onf/
ocifbk&m;ESihftwl oifavQmufvSrf;&mü ocifbk&m;\uwd
awmfrsm;onf oifcGeftm;,lESpfodrfhjcif;ukd &Ekdifonfht&if;tjrpftjzpf
tBudrfrnfrQ&SdaecJhygoenf;/ avmuDt&mrsm;ESihf Zmwdyuwdukdoifwkduf
314 315tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vSef&mü a&SUqufzdkY&J&ifhjcif;owådukd ocifbk&m;\uwdawmfrsm;rS &&SdzkdY
EIwfuywfawmfqDodkY tBudrfrnfrQjyefoGm;cJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifa,½IESihf oufqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfukdvnf;aumif;? ocif
a,½I\uwdawmfrsm;tm;vkH;onf trSefjzpfMuonfukdvnf;aumif;
od&jcif;onf tb,frQtcGihfxl;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olYukdtjynfh
t0rSDckdtm;xm;Ekdifonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukdolESihfykdío@mefwlvmzdkY
jyKvkyfcsifygonf/ xkdodkYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfavmuDwyfrufjcif; tnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfuif;vGwfí ocifbk&m;\bkef;awmfESihf aumif;jrwfjcif;ukd
rQa0EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þuwdawmfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvQHty,fjzpfaeaom wefckd;awmfukdvnf;aumif;
qGJukdifxm;Ekdif&ef bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdaus;Zl;awmfay;oem;yg
ap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwdkY\udk,fykdifajzmihfrwfjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrS
u,fwifjcif; cH&Ekdifygovm;/ ocifc&pfawmf\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
um;tb,fenf;/ þajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd qkvm'fwpfcktaejzihf
uREkfyfwkdY rnfokdY&&SdEkdifygoenf;/
þusrf;csuft& ,kHMunfjcif;onf rnfonfhae&mrSa&muf&Sdvm
ygoenf;/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifzefwD;,lí&Ekdif
aomt&m[kwfygovm;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
twGufrnfonfhtBuHay;wkdufwGef;csufukd ay;ygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmf\ bkef;wefckd;awmfukd oihftoufwmürnfrQ
tokH;jyKEkdifcJhygoenf;/ ,aeYwGifrnfonfhtusyftwnf;ukd
oif&ifqkdifae&ygoenf;/ þppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü ocifa,½I\
wefckd;awmfu oifhukdrnfokdYulnDrpEkdifygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;u oihfukday;xm;aom tvGeftzkd;xkdufonfh uwd
awmftcsKdUrSm tb,fenf;/ ocifbk&m;ESihfoifqufqH&if;ESD;
&mwGif þuwdawmfrsm;u rnfokdYcGeftm;ay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;\ tHhzG,fuwdawmfrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
,aeYoif&ifqkdifae&onfh ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif; (okdY) tusyf
twnf;twGuf ocifbk&m;\uwdawmfukd pOf;pm;okH;oyf&ef
tcsdef,lyg/ xkduwdawmfukd oihftoufwmü jynfhpkHvmap&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfaomtoufwmukd oif&SifoefEkdif&eft
wGufvkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;uoihfukday;xm;
NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þwefckd;awmfukdykdí
jynfhjynfh00em;vnfEkdifzdkY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&efawmif;avQmuf
yg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;\u,fwifjcif;vufaqmifESihf rxkdufwef
aomtcsdefüyif xkdvufaqmifukday;zkdY <uqif;vmcJhaomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;ukd em;rvnfao;aom oifcspf&
316 317
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
vSef&mü a&SUqufzdkY&J&ifhjcif;owådukd ocifbk&m;\uwdawmfrsm;rS &&SdzkdY
EIwfuywfawmfqDodkY tBudrfrnfrQjyefoGm;cJhygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
ocifa,½IESihf oufqkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuonfukdvnf;aumif;? ocif
a,½I\uwdawmfrsm;tm;vkH;onf trSefjzpfMuonfukdvnf;aumif;
od&jcif;onf tb,frQtcGihfxl;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf olYukdtjynfh
t0rSDckdtm;xm;Ekdifonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYukdolESihfykdío@mefwlvmzdkY
jyKvkyfcsifygonf/ xkdodkYtm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYonfavmuDwyfrufjcif; tnpf
taMu;rsm;ESihfuif;vGwfí ocifbk&m;\bkef;awmfESihf aumif;jrwfjcif;ukd
rQa0EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þuwdawmfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tvQHty,fjzpfaeaom wefckd;awmfukdvnf;aumif;
qGJukdifxm;Ekdif&ef bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdaus;Zl;awmfay;oem;yg
ap/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwdkY\udk,fykdifajzmihfrwfjcif;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\tjypfrS
u,fwifjcif; cH&Ekdifygovm;/ ocifc&pfawmf\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
um;tb,fenf;/ þajzmifhrwfjcif;ukd qkvm'fwpfcktaejzihf
uREkfyfwkdY rnfokdY&&SdEkdifygoenf;/
þusrf;csuft& ,kHMunfjcif;onf rnfonfhae&mrSa&muf&Sdvm
ygoenf;/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifzefwD;,lí&Ekdif
aomt&m[kwfygovm;/ þt&monf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
twGufrnfonfhtBuHay;wkdufwGef;csufukd ay;ygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmf\ bkef;wefckd;awmfukd oihftoufwmürnfrQ
tokH;jyKEkdifcJhygoenf;/ ,aeYwGifrnfonfhtusyftwnf;ukd
oif&ifqkdifae&ygoenf;/ þppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü ocifa,½I\
wefckd;awmfu oifhukdrnfokdYulnDrpEkdifygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;u oihfukday;xm;aom tvGeftzkd;xkdufonfh uwd
awmftcsKdUrSm tb,fenf;/ ocifbk&m;ESihfoifqufqH&if;ESD;
&mwGif þuwdawmfrsm;u rnfokdYcGeftm;ay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;\ tHhzG,fuwdawmfrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
,aeYoif&ifqkdifae&onfh ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif; (okdY) tusyf
twnf;twGuf ocifbk&m;\uwdawmfukd pOf;pm;okH;oyf&ef
tcsdef,lyg/ xkduwdawmfukd oihftoufwmü jynfhpkHvmap&ef
awmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfaomtoufwmukd oif&SifoefEkdif&eft
wGufvkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd ocifbk&m;uoihfukday;xm;
NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þwefckd;awmfukdykdí
jynfhjynfh00em;vnfEkdifzdkY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&efawmif;avQmuf
yg/
oifonf ocifbk&m;\u,fwifjcif;vufaqmifESihf rxkdufwef
aomtcsdefüyif xkdvufaqmifukday;zkdY <uqif;vmcJhaomaMumifh
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;ukd em;rvnfao;aom oifcspf&
316 317
tvGefBuD;jrwfaomwefckd;awmfESihfuwdawmfrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onfholrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&eftcsdef,lyg/ u,fwifjcif;
twGuf olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd zGihf[ay;zdkYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifhtwGuftvQHty,fxm;&Sdxm;aom wefckd;awmfESihfcGeftm;
owådukdtusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;jyKEkdifzkdY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&ef ocif
bk&m;ü awmif;avQmufyg/
3535
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,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
2 ay 1;5-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif ocifc&pfawmfü,kHMunfol
rsm;ykdifqkdifxm;aom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufESihf uwdawmfrsm;taMumif;ukd
&Sifayw½kurnfokdYajymqkdxm;onfukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYESihfxkdufwefjcif;r&SdcJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdYukd ,kHMunfjcif;
vufaqmiftm;ay;cJhonf/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYolUukd,kHMunf
vmcJhMuNyD; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfESihftnD uREkffyfwkdYonf touf&Sifjcif;? bk&m;0wf
üarGUavsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf vkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
u,fwifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftpjyKjcif;wpfckomjzpfonf/ u,fwif
jcif;tay:ü tvGeftav;teufxm;aomaMumifh 4if;onfppfrSefaom
toufwmtpjyKjcif;omjzpfaMumif;ukd em;rvnfbJvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
uav;i,fwpfOD;arG;zGm;vmjcif;onf tvGef0rf;omMunfEl;zG,fjzpf
aMumif; rdbwkdif;uoihfukdajymMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; xkduav;i,fukd
&ifhusufBuD; xGm;vmatmif jyKpkysKd;axmifay;zdkY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
vkdtyfaeygao;onf/ tvm;wlyif? ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
ESihf 4if;wkdY\qufqH&if; ESD;rIwGif BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmMuzdkY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
318
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
onfholrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&eftcsdef,lyg/ u,fwifjcif;
twGuf olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd zGihf[ay;zdkYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifhtwGuftvQHty,fxm;&Sdxm;aom wefckd;awmfESihfcGeftm;
owådukdtusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;jyKEkdifzkdY oifhtm;ulnDrpay;&ef ocif
bk&m;ü awmif;avQmufyg/
3535
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,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
2 ay 1;5-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
aemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;jcif;wGif ocifc&pfawmfü,kHMunfol
rsm;ykdifqkdifxm;aom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufESihf uwdawmfrsm;taMumif;ukd
&Sifayw½kurnfokdYajymqkdxm;onfukd uREkfyfwkdYawGUjrifcJhMuonf/ uREkfyf
wkdYESihfxkdufwefjcif;r&SdcJhaomfvnf; ocifa,½IuuREkfyfwkdYukd ,kHMunfjcif;
vufaqmiftm;ay;cJhonf/ xkd,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYolUukd,kHMunf
vmcJhMuNyD; bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfESihftnD uREkffyfwkdYonf touf&Sifjcif;? bk&m;0wf
üarGUavsmfjcif;wkdYtwGuf vkdtyfaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
u,fwifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtwGuftpjyKjcif;wpfckomjzpfonf/ u,fwif
jcif;tay:ü tvGeftav;teufxm;aomaMumifh 4if;onfppfrSefaom
toufwmtpjyKjcif;omjzpfaMumif;ukd em;rvnfbJvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
uav;i,fwpfOD;arG;zGm;vmjcif;onf tvGef0rf;omMunfEl;zG,fjzpf
aMumif; rdbwkdif;uoihfukdajymMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; xkduav;i,fukd
&ifhusufBuD; xGm;vmatmif jyKpkysKd;axmifay;zdkY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
vkdtyfaeygao;onf/ tvm;wlyif? ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
ESihf 4if;wkdY\qufqH&if; ESD;rIwGif BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmMuzdkY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
318
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
vdktyfygonf/
&Sifayw½kuþem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESifhtwl ,kHMunfol
rsm;onf 4if;wkdYvufcH&&SdcJhaom ,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifü tjcm;t&m
rsm;xyfqifhaygif;xnfh&efwm0ef&Sdonf[k &Sif;jycJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku
aemufwpfykdif;wGif ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ocifa,½Iuay;cJhonfh
,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifüaemufxyfaygif;xnfh&rnfh aumif;jrwfjcifyg&rD
ckepfyg;ukdazmfjyay;xm;onf/ trSefwGif þaumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rD
ckepfyg;ukdonf ocifa,½Itay:üxm;&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;toD;
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYü &ifhusufvmaomtcgwGif
þaumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rDckepfyg;onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ykdíxif&Sm;
vmMurnfjzpfonf/
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvaumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvaumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifay;oem;
xm;onfh ,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifü aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvukd xyfqifh
aygif;xnfhMu&efajymjcif;jzihf tpjyKcJhonf/ þaumif;jrwfjcif;oDvonf
tawG;? tvkyf? pdwfoabmxm;ponfwdkYüukd,fusihfw&m;jzLpifjcif;ESihf
qufpyfaeonf/ aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvwGif olawmfaumif;[efaqmifjcif;
rsKd; r&Sdyg/ þenf;tm;jzihf aumif;jrwfaomolwkdYonf yuwd½kd;om;jzLpif
Muonf/ tajymwpfjcm; tvkyfwpfjcm;? pOf;pm;&muwpfjcm; rvkyfyg/
olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
\ BuHtifvu©PmESihfwpfom;wnf; nDñGwfaeonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü
ocifa,½Iujypfwifa0zefcJhaom vltkyfpkwpfpkom&SdcJhrnfqkdvQif
xkdtkyfpkrSm zm&d&SJrsm;tkyfpkjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbmomw&m;ukdif;½Idif;Mu
aomfvnf; vlaumif;r[kwfcJhMuyg (okdY) r½kd;om;Muyg/ ocifa,½Iu
olwkdYukd tjzLa&mifokwfxm;aom ocsØKif;*lESihfEIdif;cJhonf/ 4if;wkdYonf
tjyifyef;wGif oefY&Sif;íjzLpifaeaomfvnf; twGif;bufwGifvlaot½kd;?
tnpftaMu;trsKd;rsKd;ESihf jynfhaeygonf (róJ 23;27)/ ocifa,½Iu
rdrd\vlwkdYtm; pdwf&if;pdwfxm;ESihf vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwGif ukd,fusihf
w&m;jzLpifMuonfukd vkdcsifonf/
ynmynm
ynmynm
ynm
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ukdxyfqifh&efvkdtyfonf/ þae&mü ynm[laomt&monf bk&m;
ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifukdodjcif;qkdonfrSm
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufESihf EIwfuywfawmfukd odjcif;jzpfonf/ þ
ynmryg&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\tm½Hkpl;pkdufrItvG,fwulysufjym;oGm;Ekdifyg
onf (okdY) tjypf'kp½kdufü tvG,fwulNyKdvJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;ocif
uolowfrSwfxm;aomvrf;? EIwfuywfawmfüay;xm;cJhonfhvrf;ukd rdrd
vlrsKd;rsm;u vkHYv0D&d,&Sd&Sdjzihf &SmBuHMuonfukd tvkd&Sdonf/ &ifhusufjcif;
twGuftvGefta&;ygaom tpdwftykdif;wpfckrSm bk&m;ocif\ EIwfu
ywfawmfukd oduRrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
320 321
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
vdktyfygonf/
&Sifayw½kuþem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESifhtwl ,kHMunfol
rsm;onf 4if;wkdYvufcH&&SdcJhaom ,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifü tjcm;t&m
rsm;xyfqifhaygif;xnfh&efwm0ef&Sdonf[k &Sif;jycJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku
aemufwpfykdif;wGif ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ocifa,½Iuay;cJhonfh
,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifüaemufxyfaygif;xnfh&rnfh aumif;jrwfjcifyg&rD
ckepfyg;ukdazmfjyay;xm;onf/ trSefwGif þaumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rD
ckepfyg;ukdonf ocifa,½Itay:üxm;&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;toD;
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYü &ifhusufvmaomtcgwGif
þaumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rDckepfyg;onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü ykdíxif&Sm;
vmMurnfjzpfonf/
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvaumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvaumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
aumif;jrwfjcif;oDv
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xm;onfh ,kHMunfjcif;vufaqmifü aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvukd xyfqifh
aygif;xnfhMu&efajymjcif;jzihf tpjyKcJhonf/ þaumif;jrwfjcif;oDvonf
tawG;? tvkyf? pdwfoabmxm;ponfwdkYüukd,fusihfw&m;jzLpifjcif;ESihf
qufpyfaeonf/ aumif;jrwfjcif;oDvwGif olawmfaumif;[efaqmifjcif;
rsKd; r&Sdyg/ þenf;tm;jzihf aumif;jrwfaomolwkdYonf yuwd½kd;om;jzLpif
Muonf/ tajymwpfjcm; tvkyfwpfjcm;? pOf;pm;&muwpfjcm; rvkyfyg/
olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESihf pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf
\ BuHtifvu©PmESihfwpfom;wnf; nDñGwfaeonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü
ocifa,½Iujypfwifa0zefcJhaom vltkyfpkwpfpkom&SdcJhrnfqkdvQif
xkdtkyfpkrSm zm&d&SJrsm;tkyfpkjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbmomw&m;ukdif;½Idif;Mu
aomfvnf; vlaumif;r[kwfcJhMuyg (okdY) r½kd;om;Muyg/ ocifa,½Iu
olwkdYukd tjzLa&mifokwfxm;aom ocsØKif;*lESihfEIdif;cJhonf/ 4if;wkdYonf
tjyifyef;wGif oefY&Sif;íjzLpifaeaomfvnf; twGif;bufwGifvlaot½kd;?
tnpftaMu;trsKd;rsKd;ESihf jynfhaeygonf (róJ 23;27)/ ocifa,½Iu
rdrd\vlwkdYtm; pdwf&if;pdwfxm;ESihf vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwGif ukd,fusihf
w&m;jzLpifMuonfukd vkdcsifonf/
ynmynm
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ukdxyfqifh&efvkdtyfonf/ þae&mü ynm[laomt&monf bk&m;
ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifukdodjcif;qkdonfrSm
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufESihf EIwfuywfawmfukd odjcif;jzpfonf/ þ
ynmryg&SdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\tm½Hkpl;pkdufrItvG,fwulysufjym;oGm;Ekdifyg
onf (okdY) tjypf'kp½kdufü tvG,fwulNyKdvJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;ocif
uolowfrSwfxm;aomvrf;? EIwfuywfawmfüay;xm;cJhonfhvrf;ukd rdrd
vlrsKd;rsm;u vkHYv0D&d,&Sd&Sdjzihf &SmBuHMuonfukd tvkd&Sdonf/ &ifhusufjcif;
twGuftvGefta&;ygaom tpdwftykdif;wpfckrSm bk&m;ocif\ EIwfu
ywfawmfukd oduRrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
320 321
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:ü uREkfyf
wdkYxyfqifhaygif;xnfh pDwef;&rnfhwwd,ajrmuftkyfcsyfjzpfonf/ umr
*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf ynmESihftvGefeD;uyfpGm qufEG,faeonf/ 0dnmOf
toD;wpfyg;jzpfaom umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;qkdonfrSm ay;qyf&rnfh
tzkd;tcukd rrIbJbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfüaz:jyxm;onfht&mESihf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü emcH&efqufuyftyfESHvkdaom bk&m;
ay;onfh vkdvm;rIqE´jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onfht&mrsm;ESihf pyfqkdifaomynmukd&Sdxm;jcif;onf
wpfrsKd;jzpfí? emcHjcif;ü&Sifoefjcif;onf tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ynm&Sd½kH
oufoufonf rvkHavmufyg/ umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf xkdynmukd
vufawGUtoufwmü &,lusihfokH;Ekdifoam tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifu rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd rdrdtaMumif;ESihfrdrd\ enf;vrf;rsm;ukd
oif,l&eftwGufom pnf;urf;&Sdapvkdonfr[kwf? xkdenf;vrf;rsm;twkdif;
aeYpOftoufwmü &SifoefaexkdifMu&eftwGufvnf; pnf;urf;&Sdapvkd
ygonf/
onf;cHjcif;onf;cHjcif;
onf;cHjcif;onf;cHjcif;
onf;cHjcif;
umr*kkPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf tNrJvG,fulrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukdvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmtwGuf
xm;&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; uREkfyfwkdY0efcH
vkdufavQmufMuonfESihftrQ rsm;pGmaom qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd onf;cHjzwf
oef;&rnfhtcsdefrsm;&Sdygonf/ onf;cHjcif;qkdonfrSm zdtm;ay;rIwpfck
(okdY) ppfaMumjcif;wpfckatmufü umvMum&SnfpGm t½IH;ray;bJ quf
vufwnfwHhaeEkdifaom tpGrf;owådjzpfonf/ rm&oGeftajy;orm;rsm;
onf ajy;yGJukdtqkH;txd ajy;EkdifzkdY onf;cHjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? pnf;urf;
&Sdjcif;ukdvnf;aumif; vkdtyfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfESihftrQ
uRekfyfwkdYonf &moufyefrm&oGefajy;yGJukd qifETJaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
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qkdvQif ESpfaygif;ckepfq,f (okdY) &Spfq,fMumEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
aojcif;tm;jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;u uREkfyfwkdYukdolESihftwl
pHpm;&ef,laqmifoGm;zkdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tm;jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;
yef;0ifrsOf;ukd uREkfyfwkdYa&mufonfhtcdsefü xkdajy;yGJtqkH;owfoGm;ygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf ukd,fay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcukd rrIbJt½IH;ray;rnfh
vlrsm;ukd&SmBuHaeygonf/ þt&monf tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESihfppfaMum
pkHprf;jcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;jcif;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ um;wkdifwpfck
ukdo,faqmifjcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;&jcif;onf &SnfMum
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tEkdif&cJhMuygonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:wGif bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf
jcif;ukdvnf; tkwfwpfcsyftjzpfESihf xyfqifhaygif;xnfhMu&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
322 323,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:ü uREkfyf
wdkYxyfqifhaygif;xnfh pDwef;&rnfhwwd,ajrmuftkyfcsyfjzpfonf/ umr
*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf ynmESihftvGefeD;uyfpGm qufEG,faeonf/ 0dnmOf
toD;wpfyg;jzpfaom umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;qkdonfrSm ay;qyf&rnfh
tzkd;tcukd rrIbJbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfüaz:jyxm;onfht&mESihf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü emcH&efqufuyftyfESHvkdaom bk&m;
ay;onfh vkdvm;rIqE´jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onfht&mrsm;ESihf pyfqkdifaomynmukd&Sdxm;jcif;onf
wpfrsKd;jzpfí? emcHjcif;ü&Sifoefjcif;onf tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ynm&Sd½kH
oufoufonf rvkHavmufyg/ umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf xkdynmukd
vufawGUtoufwmü &,lusihfokH;Ekdifoam tpGrf;tpjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifu rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd rdrdtaMumif;ESihfrdrd\ enf;vrf;rsm;ukd
oif,l&eftwGufom pnf;urf;&Sdapvkdonfr[kwf? xkdenf;vrf;rsm;twkdif;
aeYpOftoufwmü &SifoefaexkdifMu&eftwGufvnf; pnf;urf;&Sdapvkd
ygonf/
onf;cHjcif;onf;cHjcif;
onf;cHjcif;onf;cHjcif;
onf;cHjcif;
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ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukdvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmtwGuf
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(okdY) ppfaMumjcif;wpfckatmufü umvMum&SnfpGm t½IH;ray;bJ quf
vufwnfwHhaeEkdifaom tpGrf;owådjzpfonf/ rm&oGeftajy;orm;rsm;
onf ajy;yGJukdtqkH;txd ajy;EkdifzkdY onf;cHjcif;ukdvnf;aumif;? pnf;urf;
&Sdjcif;ukdvnf;aumif; vkdtyfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfESihftrQ
uRekfyfwkdYonf &moufyefrm&oGefajy;yGJukd qifETJaeMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
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qkdvQif ESpfaygif;ckepfq,f (okdY) &Spfq,fMumEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf
aojcif;tm;jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? ocifbk&m;u uREkfyfwkdYukdolESihftwl
pHpm;&ef,laqmifoGm;zkdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;tm;jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;
yef;0ifrsOf;ukd uREkfyfwkdYa&mufonfhtcdsefü xkdajy;yGJtqkH;owfoGm;ygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf ukd,fay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcukd rrIbJt½IH;ray;rnfh
vlrsm;ukd&SmBuHaeygonf/ þt&monf tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESihfppfaMum
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ukdo,faqmifjcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;&jcif;onf &SnfMum
ícufcJrnfjzpfaomfvnf; ajy;yGJukdtqkH;xdwkdifonf;cHaomolrsm;om
tEkdif&cJhMuygonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;
uREkfyfwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:wGif bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf
jcif;ukdvnf; tkwfwpfcsyftjzpfESihf xyfqifhaygif;xnfhMu&rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifukdvnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\
322 323,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
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arGUavsmfaomolonf ocifbk&m;\p½dkufvu©Pmukd aeYpOfvIyf&Sm;rI
rsm;ESihf qifjcifawG;awmrIrsm;wGif ,laqmifqifjref;aomoljzpfonf/
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onf ocifa,½Ienf;wl &SifoefavQmufvSrf;Muonf/
nDtpfukdpkHrufjcif;nDtpfukdpkHrufjcif;
nDtpfukdpkHrufjcif;nDtpfukdpkHrufjcif;
nDtpfukdpkHrufjcif;
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aponfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdY\teD;ywf0ef;usif&Sdvlrsm;ESihf uREkfyfwkdY\
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ocifc&pfawmfESihfykdí o@mefwlvmaomtcg ocifa,½Iu uREkfyfwkdYukd
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&onfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf tjcm;olrsm;ESihf4if;wkdY\vkdtyfrIrsm;ukd pwif
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ay;Ekdifygoenf;/
328 329,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
rdrdwdkY&&Sdxm;onf[k ,kHMunfxm;Muonfh u,fwifjcif;onf ppfrSefaom
u,fwifjcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd twnfjyKzkdYvkyfEkdiforQtm;vkH;ukd jyKvkyfMu&
rnfjzpfonf/ olwkdYonf þtcsufukd,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:üolwkdYxyf
qifhwnfaqmufaeonfht&mukd qef;ppfjcif;tm;jzihf wkdif;wmqkH;jzwf
Ekdifonf/ olwkdYonf þtcef;BuD;ü&Sifayw½kajymjyaeaom tkwfcsyfrsm;
jzihfwnfaqmufaeMuygovm;/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\toufwmukd
qef;ppfí þt&nftcsif;rsm;wkd;yGm;BuD;xGm;vmaeonfukd awGUjrifMu
onfESihftrQ rdrdwdkY\,kHMunfjcif;trSefwu,fppfrSefaMumif;ukd twnfjyK
EkdifMuygonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tkwfjrpfay:ü þtkwfcsyfrsm;jzihfwnfaqmufxyf
qifhxm;jcif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü t&m
ra&muftcsnf;ESD;jzpfjcif;rS umuG,fay;aeygonf/ ynmonfolwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;onfht&mrsm;ukd jyoay;í &efol\vSnfhjzm;jcif;
rSolwkdYukd umuG,fay;ygvdrfhrnf/ umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;uolwkdYukd EIwf
uywfawmftm; emcHapygvdrfhrnf/ onf;cHjcif;onf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;
rsm;ü cHEkdif&nfukday;ygvdrfhrnf/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf olwkdYwpfOD;ESihfwpf
OD;qufqH&if;ESD;&mwGif &ufa&mjcif;ESihfpmem½kdif;yif;wwfjcif;ukd ay;yg
vdrfhrnf/ þaumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rDrsm;ukd vspfvsL½Ijcif;onf tjypf'kp½kduf
üvJNydKjcif;tEÅ&m,fukdjzpfapí tusihfr&Sdaom,kHMunfjcif;taoukd jyKpk
ysKd;axmifapEkdifygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYajymqkdaqG;aEG;cJhMuonfhtwkdif;? þt&nftcsif;rsm;ukd
bk&m;ocifESihfuREkfyfwkdY\ qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGifvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olrsm;
ESihf uREkfyfwdkY\qufqH&if;ESD;rIwGifvnf;aumif; jyKpkwnfaqmuf&efrSm
vG,fulrnfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf þtrIukdjyKvkyfaomolrsm;onf ocifc&pf
awmf\xm0&EkdifiHawmfrS <u,f0aomqD;BudKjcif;ukdcHMu&ygvdrfhrnf (i,f
11)/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;aeYü ocifbk&m;\a&SUarSmufwGif olwkdY&yfMuaom
tcg ]]om"k}}[k bk&m;ocif\ajymoHukd olwkdYMum;cJhMuygvdrfhrnf(róJ
25;21)/ olwkdYonf þavmuüaexkdifpOfwGif ewfqkd;\aMumhuGif;ü
aMumhrdjcif;rSuG,fumcH&rnfomr[kwf? ocifc&pfawmfukd rsufESmcsif;qkdif
awGUjrifaomtcg ocifc&pfawmf\ oabmusaxmufcHjcif;tNyHK;ukd
vnf;awGUjrifcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
þtcef;ü &Sifayw½kaz:jyxm;onfh tkwfcsyftrsKd;rsKd;taMumif;
ukd pOf;pm;okH;oyfzkdYtcsdef,lyg/ þtkwfcsyfrsm;teufrS rnfonfh
tkwfcsyfonf oihftoufwmü ykdíxif&Sm;ay:vGifzkdYvkdtyf
oenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;c&D;pOfwGif tusKd;jzpfxGef;aomolrsm;tjzpf
þtkwfcsyfrsm;u rnfokdYjyKvkyfay;EkdifMuygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü þtkwfcsyfrsm;&Sdaejcif; taxmuf
txm;u uREkfyfwkdYtm;u,fwifjcif; ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIukd rnfokdY
ay;Ekdifygoenf;/
328 329,kHMunfjcif;üxyfqifhaygif;xnfhjcif;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þae&mü &Sifayw½kaz:jyxm;onfh aumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rDrsm;ü
omíBuD;xGm;vm&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
þt&nftcsif;rsm;xJrS rnfonfht&nftcsif;u oihftouf
ykdíxif&Sm;ay:vGif&ef vkdtyfonfukdaz:jyay;zdkY oihfESvkH;om;ukd
ppfaq;&SmazGay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü 0dnmOfa&;&m&ifhusufjcif; wkd;yG;vmaeaMumif;
ukd jyaomtaxmuftxm;rsm;twGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
3636
3636
36
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
2 ay 1;12-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ktwGuf rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfrsm;onf ocifa,½Ic&pf
\ owif;aumif;or®mw&m;awmfukd em;vnfoabmaygufMuonf
omr[kwf? xkdor®mw&m;ukd aeYpOftoufwmü &,l&SifoefMuonfrSm
tvGefta&;BuD;cJhonf/ c&pf,meftoufwmukd ,cktcsdeftxd&Sifoef
aexkdifvmNyD;csdefwGif uREkfyfem;vnfoabmaygufvmaomt&mrSm
uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&&SdcJhaom oGefoifjcif;ukd arharhaysmufaysmufESifh &Sifoef
rd&ef tvGefvG,fulygonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þtcsufudk xkdor®m
w&m;rsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;&mwGif
trSefawGUae&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd
wm0ef,lapmifha&Smufay;rnfht&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifawmfrlaom
bk&m;ocifjzpfonf[k ,kHMunfjcif;onfrSefygonf/ okdYaomftoufwm
vrf;c&D;ü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
t&mtm;vkH;ukdxdef;csKyfaeaMumif;tm; arhavsmhoGm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
üjzpfvmrnfht&mrsm;ukdawG;í pkd;&drfaecJhMuonf/ t&mcyfodrf;
ukdykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifí cspfjcif;arwåmjynfh0aom bk&m;ocif\tay:ü
330
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þae&mü &Sifayw½kaz:jyxm;onfh aumif;jrwfjcif;yg&rDrsm;ü
omíBuD;xGm;vm&ef pGrf;aqmifay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
þt&nftcsif;rsm;xJrS rnfonfht&nftcsif;u oihftouf
ykdíxif&Sm;ay:vGif&ef vkdtyfonfukdaz:jyay;zdkY oihfESvkH;om;ukd
ppfaq;&SmazGay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtoufwmü 0dnmOfa&;&m&ifhusufjcif; wkd;yG;vmaeaMumif;
ukd jyaomtaxmuftxm;rsm;twGuf ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
3636
3636
36
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
2 ay 1;12-21 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ktwGuf rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfrsm;onf ocifa,½Ic&pf
\ owif;aumif;or®mw&m;awmfukd em;vnfoabmaygufMuonf
omr[kwf? xkdor®mw&m;ukd aeYpOftoufwmü &,l&SifoefMuonfrSm
tvGefta&;BuD;cJhonf/ c&pf,meftoufwmukd ,cktcsdeftxd&Sifoef
aexkdifvmNyD;csdefwGif uREkfyfem;vnfoabmaygufvmaomt&mrSm
uREkfyfwkdYvufcH&&SdcJhaom oGefoifjcif;ukd arharhaysmufaysmufESifh &Sifoef
rd&ef tvGefvG,fulygonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þtcsufudk xkdor®m
w&m;rsm;tm; uREkfyfwkdY\aeYpOftoufwmü vufawGU&,lusihfokH;&mwGif
trSefawGUae&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd
wm0ef,lapmifha&Smufay;rnfht&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifawmfrlaom
bk&m;ocifjzpfonf[k ,kHMunfjcif;onfrSefygonf/ okdYaomftoufwm
vrf;c&D;ü ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg bk&m;ocifonf
t&mtm;vkH;ukdxdef;csKyfaeaMumif;tm; arhavsmhoGm;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
üjzpfvmrnfht&mrsm;ukdawG;í pkd;&drfaecJhMuonf/ t&mcyfodrf;
ukdykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifí cspfjcif;arwåmjynfh0aom bk&m;ocif\tay:ü
330
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
xm;&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrSmvnf; arS;rSdefaysmufuG,f
oGm;onf/ þtwGufaMumifhyif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywf
awmf\tajccH or®mw&m;rsm;ukd tNrJowd&aezkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sifayw½kpma&;ay;ykdYcJhaomolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifESihfavQmuf
vSrf;&müvnf;aumif;? EIwfuywfawmfukd em;vnfoabmayguf&mü
vnf;aumif; ckdifcHhNrJNrHaecJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonfþokdYaomtajctae
ü&SdaecJhMuaomfvnf; tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sifayw½ku olwkdYukdta&;yg
aom þor®mw&m;rsm;taMumif;qufvufí today;&rnfhtaMumif;
olwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ vGefcJhaomESpftcsKdUwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü ppfaMumoefYpifjcif;trIwpfckukd vkyfcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefumv
wGif t&mtm;vkH;onf ar;cGef;ar;p&momjzpfaecJhMuonf/ ,mOfrawmf
wqjzpfrIwpfcku uREkfyf\½kyfykdif;qkdif&m usef;rma&;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
oHo,tcsdKUukdjzpfapcJhNyD;aemufwGif pdwf"gwfusqif;jcif;rsm;ukd ,laqmif
vmum uREkfyf\tdrfaxmifa&;ukd tBuD;tus,fzdtm;jzpfapcJhonf/
,mOfrawmfwqjzpfrIwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\trIawmfvkyfief;rS
tBuD;rm;qkH;tpdwftykdif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrScRwf,loGm;cJhonf/ þt&m
onfuREkfyfESihf uREkfyf\rdom;pktwGuf tvGefcufcJaomumvwpfckjzpf
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifí cspfjcif;
arwåmESihfjynfh0awmfrlaMumif;ukd uREkfyfodcJhaomfvnf; xkdcufcJaom
aeY&ufumvrsm;wGif xkdor®mw&m;ukd tzefwvJvJowd&zdkYvkdtyfcJh
onf/ uREkfyfa&muf&Sdaeaom tajctaewGif þor®mw&m;\ppfrSefrIukd
awGUjrifcHpm;&efrSm uREkfyftwGufcufcJcJhygonf/
þtajccHor®mw&m;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í pmzwfy&dowfwkdY\
rSwfÓPfukd owdazmfay;zkdY&ef &Sifayw½kutoufwmwpfckvkH;ukd quf
uyftyfESHxm;onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf þtcsif;t&monf owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd oGefoifay;aomq&mrsm;ESihf oif;tkyfrsm;\wm0efjzpf
onf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;taejzihf or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm;ukd
yxrqkH;tBudrftjzpfMum;cJh&aomtcsdefrsm;&SdpOfwGif? toif;awmf\
toif;0iftrsm;pktaejzihf þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd rMumcPMum;emMu&
onf/ trSefqkd&vQif þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd tzefwvJvJMum;emzkdYvdktyf
onf/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdor®mw&m;rsm;udk arharhavsmhavsmh
ESihf&SdwwfMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ktaejzihf &kyfukd,fcE¨mxJüae
í touf&SiforQumvwpfavQmufwGif oefY&Sif;olrsm;\pdwfukd þtajc
cHor®mw&m;rsm;jzihf qufvufíowdazmfay;aecJhygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
olonfrMumrDaoqkH;&awmhrnfhtaMumif;ukd ocifbk&m;utoday;cJh
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ okdYaomfxkdtcsdefrwkdifciftxd &Sifayw½konf
oefY&Sif;aomolwkdY\ pdwfukdowdazmfay;csifaecJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf
rdrd\acwfumvrSoefY&Sif;olwkdYxHü þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd today;
csifcJh½kHomru? olaoqkH;oGm;NyD;aemufykdif;wGifvnf; þtajccHor®m
w&m;rsm;ukdEId;aqmfay;rnfht&mtm; olwkdYxJüaoaocsmcsm
csefxm;vkdcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&mukd &Sifayw½kurnfokdYjyKvkyfrnfrSm
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;rod&yg/ odkYaomf þpmapmifukd a&;om;ay;ykdYcH&aom
olrsm;tm;jzihfjzpfEkdifonf/
332 333
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif ,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
xm;&Sdaom uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfcs,kHMunfrIrSmvnf; arS;rSdefaysmufuG,f
oGm;onf/ þtwGufaMumifhyif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifhEIwfuywf
awmf\tajccH or®mw&m;rsm;ukd tNrJowd&aezkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sifayw½kpma&;ay;ykdYcJhaomolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifESihfavQmuf
vSrf;&müvnf;aumif;? EIwfuywfawmfukd em;vnfoabmayguf&mü
vnf;aumif; ckdifcHhNrJNrHaecJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonfþokdYaomtajctae
ü&SdaecJhMuaomfvnf; tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sifayw½ku olwkdYukdta&;yg
aom þor®mw&m;rsm;taMumif;qufvufí today;&rnfhtaMumif;
olwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ vGefcJhaomESpftcsKdUwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\
toufwmü ppfaMumoefYpifjcif;trIwpfckukd vkyfcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefumv
wGif t&mtm;vkH;onf ar;cGef;ar;p&momjzpfaecJhMuonf/ ,mOfrawmf
wqjzpfrIwpfcku uREkfyf\½kyfykdif;qkdif&m usef;rma&;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
oHo,tcsdKUukdjzpfapcJhNyD;aemufwGif pdwf"gwfusqif;jcif;rsm;ukd ,laqmif
vmum uREkfyf\tdrfaxmifa&;ukd tBuD;tus,fzdtm;jzpfapcJhonf/
,mOfrawmfwqjzpfrIwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\trIawmfvkyfief;rS
tBuD;rm;qkH;tpdwftykdif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYxHrScRwf,loGm;cJhonf/ þt&m
onfuREkfyfESihf uREkfyf\rdom;pktwGuf tvGefcufcJaomumvwpfckjzpf
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;ukd ykdifotkyfpkd;pD&ifí cspfjcif;
arwåmESihfjynfh0awmfrlaMumif;ukd uREkfyfodcJhaomfvnf; xkdcufcJaom
aeY&ufumvrsm;wGif xkdor®mw&m;ukd tzefwvJvJowd&zdkYvkdtyfcJh
onf/ uREkfyfa&muf&Sdaeaom tajctaewGif þor®mw&m;\ppfrSefrIukd
awGUjrifcHpm;&efrSm uREkfyftwGufcufcJcJhygonf/
þtajccHor®mw&m;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í pmzwfy&dowfwkdY\
rSwfÓPfukd owdazmfay;zkdY&ef &Sifayw½kutoufwmwpfckvkH;ukd quf
uyftyfESHxm;onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf þtcsif;t&monf owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd oGefoifay;aomq&mrsm;ESihf oif;tkyfrsm;\wm0efjzpf
onf/ ,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;taejzihf or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm;ukd
yxrqkH;tBudrftjzpfMum;cJh&aomtcsdefrsm;&SdpOfwGif? toif;awmf\
toif;0iftrsm;pktaejzihf þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd rMumcPMum;emMu&
onf/ trSefqkd&vQif þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd tzefwvJvJMum;emzkdYvdktyf
onf/ taMumif;rSm uREkfyfwkdYonf xkdor®mw&m;rsm;udk arharhavsmhavsmh
ESihf&SdwwfMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ktaejzihf &kyfukd,fcE¨mxJüae
í touf&SiforQumvwpfavQmufwGif oefY&Sif;olrsm;\pdwfukd þtajc
cHor®mw&m;rsm;jzihf qufvufíowdazmfay;aecJhygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
olonfrMumrDaoqkH;&awmhrnfhtaMumif;ukd ocifbk&m;utoday;cJh
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ okdYaomfxkdtcsdefrwkdifciftxd &Sifayw½konf
oefY&Sif;aomolwkdY\ pdwfukdowdazmfay;csifaecJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf
rdrd\acwfumvrSoefY&Sif;olwkdYxHü þor®mw&m;rsm;ukd today;
csifcJh½kHomru? olaoqkH;oGm;NyD;aemufykdif;wGifvnf; þtajccHor®m
w&m;rsm;ukdEId;aqmfay;rnfht&mtm; olwkdYxJüaoaocsmcsm
csefxm;vkdcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&mukd &Sifayw½kurnfokdYjyKvkyfrnfrSm
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;rod&yg/ odkYaomf þpmapmifukd a&;om;ay;ykdYcH&aom
olrsm;tm;jzihfjzpfEkdifonf/
332 333
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
þpmapmifü&Sifayw½ka&;om;aeonfh or®mw&m;rsm;onf y&d
,m,fESihfzefwD;xm;aom xGifvkH;rsm;r[kwfaMumif;ukd owdjyK&rnfjzpf
onf (i,f 16)/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; olwifjy
aqG;aEG;xm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;onf oufaoESihfwuGtwnfjyKxm;
NyD; rSefuefaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd tmrcHcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ocif
a,½I\bkef;tmEkabmfESihfwefckd;awmfukd rsufjrifawGU&SdcJholjzpfonf/
olonf ukd,fawmf&SifESifhtwl avQmufvSrf;cJhí ukd,fawmf&SifESihfpum;
ajymcJhonf/ þor®mw&m;rsm;tm; ukd,fawmf&Sifukd,fawmfwkdif a[m
Mum;oGefoifay;cJhonfukd &Sifayw½kutem;wGifxkdifí em;axmifcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif ocifa,½IAwådZHr*FvmukdcH,lcsdefü rnfonfh
t&mjzpfcJhonfukd &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; jyefvnftod
ay;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf ukd,fawmfhxHüqif;oufcJhí
ukd,fawmfonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif;ukd xkdae&mü&Sdaeaom
olrsm;xHü oufaoxGufqkdcJhonf/ xdkaeY&ufrS xkdae&mwGif&Sdaeaom
olrsm;wGif &Sifayw½kvnf;yg0ifcJhonf/ &Sifayw½kurdrdawGUjrifcJhrIrsm;
ukdjyefvnfoufaoxGufqkdcJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypf
'kp½kdufrSu,fvTwf&ef qif;<uvmcJhaom bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpf
aMumif;ukd wrefawmfayw½k\ pdwfxJwGif oHo,vkH;0r&SdcJhyg/ ocif
a,½Itay:ü 0dnmOfawmfoufqif;cJhjcif;u ocifa,½I\toufwmESihf
omoemukd crnf;awmfbk&m;\ twnfjyKay;rItxl;wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd
ñTefjycJhonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif oefY&Sifa;omawmifwpfckukd &nfñTef;ajym
qkdxm;onf/ þ&nfñTef;csufonf ukd,fawmf&Sifuayw½k? ,mukyfESihf
a,m[efwkdYukd tqif;o@mefajymif;vJjcif;awmifodkY ac:aqmifoGm;cJh
onfhtcsdefukd ajymqkdae[ef&Sdonf(róJ 17;2)/ þawmifay:wGif ocif
a,½Itqif;o@mefajymif;vJcJhonfukd wrefawmfwkdYuawGUjrifcJhMu
onf/ ocifa,½I\ avmuDcE¨mukd,fonf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfjzihf
vTrf;NcHKxm;cJh[efxif&onf/ þtcsif;t&mrSm tvGefodomxif&Sm;aom
aMumifh ukd,fawmf&Sif\ykHyef;o@mefrSmvnf; vkH;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfjzihfxGef;vif;awmufyaecJhonf/ &Sifay
w½ktwGuf þtcsif;t&monf rnfonfht&mjzpfaMumif;ukd ar;cGef;
xkwfzkdY r&SdcJhyg/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfcJhonf/
olonf <uvmrnfhar&Sd,jzpfcJhonf/ olonfþavmuBuD;\ arQmfvifh
csufjzpfonf/
þtcsif;t&mu ya&mzufrsm;a[mMum;cJhonfht&m rSefuef
aMumif;udk oHo,rsm;tm;vkH;\ tjcm;wpfzuftxd oufaojycJhonf/
ocifa,½Ionf ya&mzufrsm;\ Asm'dwfjyKcsufukd jynfhpkHapoljzpfcJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ya&mzufrsm;\pum;ukd tav;
teufxm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í olwkdYajymMum;
cJhorQonf twdtusjzpfvmcJhMuonf/ tcef;i,f 19 wGif &Sifayw½ku
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wdkYxHürdrday;cJhonfh or®mw&m;ukdtav;
teufxm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½I\ trIawmftaMumif;or®mw&m;onf
tvGefarSmifrkdufaomae&mü xGef;vif;awmufyaeaomtvif;wpfckESihf
334 335,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
þpmapmifü&Sifayw½ka&;om;aeonfh or®mw&m;rsm;onf y&d
,m,fESihfzefwD;xm;aom xGifvkH;rsm;r[kwfaMumif;ukd owdjyK&rnfjzpf
onf (i,f 16)/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; olwifjy
aqG;aEG;xm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;onf oufaoESihfwuGtwnfjyKxm;
NyD; rSefuefaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd tmrcHcJhonf/ &Sifayw½konf ocif
a,½I\bkef;tmEkabmfESihfwefckd;awmfukd rsufjrifawGU&SdcJholjzpfonf/
olonf ukd,fawmf&SifESifhtwl avQmufvSrf;cJhí ukd,fawmf&SifESihfpum;
ajymcJhonf/ þor®mw&m;rsm;tm; ukd,fawmf&Sifukd,fawmfwkdif a[m
Mum;oGefoifay;cJhonfukd &Sifayw½kutem;wGifxkdifí em;axmifcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 17 wGif ocifa,½IAwådZHr*FvmukdcH,lcsdefü rnfonfh
t&mjzpfcJhonfukd &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; jyefvnftod
ay;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf ukd,fawmfhxHüqif;oufcJhí
ukd,fawmfonf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif;ukd xkdae&mü&Sdaeaom
olrsm;xHü oufaoxGufqkdcJhonf/ xdkaeY&ufrS xkdae&mwGif&Sdaeaom
olrsm;wGif &Sifayw½kvnf;yg0ifcJhonf/ &Sifayw½kurdrdawGUjrifcJhrIrsm;
ukdjyefvnfoufaoxGufqkdcJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdtjypf
'kp½kdufrSu,fvTwf&ef qif;<uvmcJhaom bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpf
aMumif;ukd wrefawmfayw½k\ pdwfxJwGif oHo,vkH;0r&SdcJhyg/ ocif
a,½Itay:ü 0dnmOfawmfoufqif;cJhjcif;u ocifa,½I\toufwmESihf
omoemukd crnf;awmfbk&m;\ twnfjyKay;rItxl;wHqdyfcwfjcif;ukd
ñTefjycJhonf/
tcef;i,f 18 wGif oefY&Sifa;omawmifwpfckukd &nfñTef;ajym
qkdxm;onf/ þ&nfñTef;csufonf ukd,fawmf&Sifuayw½k? ,mukyfESihf
a,m[efwkdYukd tqif;o@mefajymif;vJjcif;awmifodkY ac:aqmifoGm;cJh
onfhtcsdefukd ajymqkdae[ef&Sdonf(róJ 17;2)/ þawmifay:wGif ocif
a,½Itqif;o@mefajymif;vJcJhonfukd wrefawmfwkdYuawGUjrifcJhMu
onf/ ocifa,½I\ avmuDcE¨mukd,fonf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfjzihf
vTrf;NcHKxm;cJh[efxif&onf/ þtcsif;t&mrSm tvGefodomxif&Sm;aom
aMumifh ukd,fawmf&Sif\ykHyef;o@mefrSmvnf; vkH;vkH;ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfjzihfxGef;vif;awmufyaecJhonf/ &Sifay
w½ktwGuf þtcsif;t&monf rnfonfht&mjzpfaMumif;ukd ar;cGef;
xkwfzkdY r&SdcJhyg/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfcJhonf/
olonf <uvmrnfhar&Sd,jzpfcJhonf/ olonfþavmuBuD;\ arQmfvifh
csufjzpfonf/
þtcsif;t&mu ya&mzufrsm;a[mMum;cJhonfht&m rSefuef
aMumif;udk oHo,rsm;tm;vkH;\ tjcm;wpfzuftxd oufaojycJhonf/
ocifa,½Ionf ya&mzufrsm;\ Asm'dwfjyKcsufukd jynfhpkHapoljzpfcJhonf/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ya&mzufrsm;\pum;ukd tav;
teufxm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í olwkdYajymMum;
cJhorQonf twdtusjzpfvmcJhMuonf/ tcef;i,f 19 wGif &Sifayw½ku
pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; 4if;wdkYxHürdrday;cJhonfh or®mw&m;ukdtav;
teufxm;MuzdkY pdefac:cJhonf/
ocifa,½IESihfocifa,½I\ trIawmftaMumif;or®mw&m;onf
tvGefarSmifrkdufaomae&mü xGef;vif;awmufyaeaomtvif;wpfckESihf
334 335,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wlonf/ þor®mw&m;onf y&d,m,fESihfzefwD;xm;onfh xGifvkH;rsm;
r[kwfyg/ þavmuBuD;\arQmfvifhcsufomjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IESihfocif
a,½I\trIawmftaMumif;or®mw&m;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd toufwm
üBuHKawGU&onfh arSmifrkdufjcif;ESihfcufcJjcif;rsm;ukd jzwfausmfío,faqmif
ay;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I jyefvnf<uqif;vmí ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd
rdrdESifhtwlpHpm;zdkYaqmif,loGm;onfhtcsdeftxdþor®mw&m;onf
,HkMunfolrsm;udktvif;wpfcktvm;uG,fumapmifha&Smufygvdrfhrnf/
ocifa,½IESihf ocifa,½I\trIawmftaMumif; or®mw&m;onf uREkfyf
wdkY&ifqkdif&rnfhppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd oGef;avmif;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ xkdt&monfarSmifrkdufaom þavmuüawmufyaomarQmfvifh
csufwpfckjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 20-21wGif &Sifayw½ku ppfrSefaomtem*wådpum;
onf ya&mzufwpfyg;\ukd,fykdift,ltqESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? pdwfqE´
ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; vkH;vkH;roufqkdifaMumif;ukdaz:jycJhonf/ ppfrSef
aomtem*wådpum;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfwGif tajccHonf/ xkd
pum;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu ya&mzufrsm;rSwqifh xkwf
azmfajymMum;csufjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku or®musrf;pm&Sd pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh
rdrd\EIwfxGufpum;rsm;onf ,kHMunfzkdY xkdufwefaMumif;ukd rdrd\pmzwf
y&dowfrsm;xHwGif tmrcHvkdcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm 4if;wkdY\or®mw&m;
rsm;onf rkomrajymedifaombk&m;ocifxHü tajcjyKxm;MuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½kurdrda&;om;xm;onfh or®mw&m;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
rnfonfhoufaotaxmuftxm;ukd ay;cJhoenf;/
or®mw&m;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;ESihf xkdor®mw&m;ukd aeYpOftouf
wmü &,l&Sifoefjcif;\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/ ,aeYoif
&,l&Sifoef&eftcuftcJjzpfaeonfh or®mw&m;&Sdygovm;/
&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;
ukd nifnifomomjzihf owday;zdkYvkdtyfaeaomolrsm; oihfteD;
ywf0ef;usifwGif &Sdygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukd
owday;jcif;ESihftwlolwkdYxHübk&m;ocifu oifhoGm;a&muftm;
cGeftm;ay;ap&efrSmjzpfEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þb0ü oihfukdcGeftm;ay;ívrf;jy&ef ocifbk&m;onfoihfukd
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;ay;xm;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;
rGrf;yg/
oifhtoufwmü bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKrItwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;&ef tcsdef,lyg/ olonfoifESihf,ckyiftwl&Sdaeaom
aMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
b0\tajctaersm;pGmü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf\
or®mw&m;ukd &,l&Sifoef&efoifysufuGufcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;
twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
336 337,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
wlonf/ þor®mw&m;onf y&d,m,fESihfzefwD;xm;onfh xGifvkH;rsm;
r[kwfyg/ þavmuBuD;\arQmfvifhcsufomjzpfonf/ ocifa,½IESihfocif
a,½I\trIawmftaMumif;or®mw&m;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd toufwm
üBuHKawGU&onfh arSmifrkdufjcif;ESihfcufcJjcif;rsm;ukd jzwfausmfío,faqmif
ay;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I jyefvnf<uqif;vmí ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd
rdrdESifhtwlpHpm;zdkYaqmif,loGm;onfhtcsdeftxdþor®mw&m;onf
,HkMunfolrsm;udktvif;wpfcktvm;uG,fumapmifha&Smufygvdrfhrnf/
ocifa,½IESihf ocifa,½I\trIawmftaMumif; or®mw&m;onf uREkfyf
wdkY&ifqkdif&rnfhppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd oGef;avmif;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ xkdt&monfarSmifrkdufaom þavmuüawmufyaomarQmfvifh
csufwpfckjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 20-21wGif &Sifayw½ku ppfrSefaomtem*wådpum;
onf ya&mzufwpfyg;\ukd,fykdift,ltqESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? pdwfqE´
ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; vkH;vkH;roufqkdifaMumif;ukdaz:jycJhonf/ ppfrSef
aomtem*wådpum;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfwGif tajccHonf/ xkd
pum;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu ya&mzufrsm;rSwqifh xkwf
azmfajymMum;csufjzpfonf/ &Sifayw½ku or®musrf;pm&Sd pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh
rdrd\EIwfxGufpum;rsm;onf ,kHMunfzkdY xkdufwefaMumif;ukd rdrd\pmzwf
y&dowfrsm;xHwGif tmrcHvkdcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm 4if;wkdY\or®mw&m;
rsm;onf rkomrajymedifaombk&m;ocifxHü tajcjyKxm;MuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½kurdrda&;om;xm;onfh or®mw&m;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
rnfonfhoufaotaxmuftxm;ukd ay;cJhoenf;/
or®mw&m;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;ESihf xkdor®mw&m;ukd aeYpOftouf
wmü &,l&Sifoefjcif;\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/ ,aeYoif
&,l&Sifoef&eftcuftcJjzpfaeonfh or®mw&m;&Sdygovm;/
&ifqkdif&aom ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;
ukd nifnifomomjzihf owday;zdkYvkdtyfaeaomolrsm; oihfteD;
ywf0ef;usifwGif &Sdygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukd
owday;jcif;ESihftwlolwkdYxHübk&m;ocifu oifhoGm;a&muftm;
cGeftm;ay;ap&efrSmjzpfEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þb0ü oihfukdcGeftm;ay;ívrf;jy&ef ocifbk&m;onfoihfukd
rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm;ay;xm;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;
rGrf;yg/
oifhtoufwmü bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKrItwGuf aus;Zl;
wifcsD;rGrf;&ef tcsdef,lyg/ olonfoifESihf,ckyiftwl&Sdaeaom
aMumifh aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
b0\tajctaersm;pGmü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf\
or®mw&m;ukd &,l&Sifoef&efoifysufuGufcJhonfhtcsdefrsm;
twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
336 337,kHrSm;zG,fr&Sdaompum;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
3737
3737
37
rdpämya&mzufrsm;rdpämya&mzufrsm;
rdpämya&mzufrsm;rdpämya&mzufrsm;
rdpämya&mzufrsm;
2 ay 2;1-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½k\w&m;a'oemonf ocifa,½IESihf ocifa,½I\
u,fwifjcif;taMumif;jzpfonf/ xkdw&m;a'oemonf bk&m;ocif\
tBuHtpnf or®mw&m;ESihfbk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;wkdYukdtav;teufjyKxm;
onf/ xkdw&m;awmfonf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfjyKjcif;tm;jzihf "r®a[mif;
rSya&mzufrsm; ajymMum;cJhonfht&mjzpfonf/ okdYaomf &Sifayw½ku
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmf\ þu,fwifjcif;w&m;
awmfukd t,lwdrf;aoGz,foGm;apvkdaom rdpämya&mzufrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
\tv,fwGif&SdaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ þrdpämq&mrsm;onf
bmoma&; tvdrftnmrsm;ukd vQKdU0SufpGmjr§ifhwif&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuNyD;?
4if;wkdYukd a&G;0,fcJhonfh ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fMuonftxdyif vkyfaqmif
cJhMurnfjzpfonf/ þolawmfaumif; [efaqmifjcif;onf olwkdYtay:ü
vsifjrefaomw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd usa&mufapygvdrhfrnf/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif uREfkyfwkdYtao;pdwfavhvmppfaq;zkdY vkdtyfonfh
t&mtcsKdU&Sdonf/ yxrOD;pGm þrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\t,l
0g'rsm;ukd vsKdU0SufpGmrdwfqufay;cJhMuonfukd owdjyKyg/ pmwefonf
rdrd&Sdaeonfhae&mukd tNrJwrf;aMunmrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdenf;wlpGmyif?
,ckvuf&SdwGif oifoonfppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd &ifqkdifae
&vQif bk&m;ocifxHü olY&JUcspfjcif;arwåmESihftcsKyftjcmuG,f
umapmifhrjcif;qDokdY oihf&JUrsufpdrsm;udk zGihfay;zkdYawmif;avQmuf
yg/ olYukd,kHMunfí olY&JUuwdawmfrsm;ukd ukd;pm;EkdifzkdY aus;Zl;
awmfukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
338
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
3737
3737
37
rdpämya&mzufrsm;rdpämya&mzufrsm;
rdpämya&mzufrsm;rdpämya&mzufrsm;
rdpämya&mzufrsm;
2 ay 2;1-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½k\w&m;a'oemonf ocifa,½IESihf ocifa,½I\
u,fwifjcif;taMumif;jzpfonf/ xkdw&m;a'oemonf bk&m;ocif\
tBuHtpnf or®mw&m;ESihfbk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;wkdYukdtav;teufjyKxm;
onf/ xkdw&m;awmfonf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfjyKjcif;tm;jzihf "r®a[mif;
rSya&mzufrsm; ajymMum;cJhonfht&mjzpfonf/ okdYaomf &Sifayw½ku
rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmf\ þu,fwifjcif;w&m;
awmfukd t,lwdrf;aoGz,foGm;apvkdaom rdpämya&mzufrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
\tv,fwGif&SdaeaMumif;ukd today;cJhonf/ þrdpämq&mrsm;onf
bmoma&; tvdrftnmrsm;ukd vQKdU0SufpGmjr§ifhwif&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuNyD;?
4if;wkdYukd a&G;0,fcJhonfh ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fMuonftxdyif vkyfaqmif
cJhMurnfjzpfonf/ þolawmfaumif; [efaqmifjcif;onf olwkdYtay:ü
vsifjrefaomw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd usa&mufapygvdrhfrnf/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif uREfkyfwkdYtao;pdwfavhvmppfaq;zkdY vkdtyfonfh
t&mtcsKdU&Sdonf/ yxrOD;pGm þrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\t,l
0g'rsm;ukd vsKdU0SufpGmrdwfqufay;cJhMuonfukd owdjyKyg/ pmwefonf
rdrd&Sdaeonfhae&mukd tNrJwrf;aMunmrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdenf;wlpGmyif?
,ckvuf&SdwGif oifoonfppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wpfckukd &ifqkdifae
&vQif bk&m;ocifxHü olY&JUcspfjcif;arwåmESihftcsKyftjcmuG,f
umapmifhrjcif;qDokdY oihf&JUrsufpdrsm;udk zGihfay;zkdYawmif;avQmuf
yg/ olYukd,kHMunfí olY&JUuwdawmfrsm;ukd ukd;pm;EkdifzkdY aus;Zl;
awmfukd oihftm;ay;oem;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
338
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif rdpämya&mzufrsm;
þtwkta,mifacgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrSm;,Gif;aerIukd vltrsm;u
odjrifrnfukdrvkdvm;Muyg/ olwkdYonf MunfndKav;pm;cH&jcif;ukd vkdcsif
cJhMuaomaMumifh vlwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJokdY ajzn§if;pGm0ifa&mufzdkY BudK;pm;cJhMu
onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif t,l0g'uGJJjym;rIrsm;onf tvGefeufeJodrfarGU
aomaMumifh vlwkdYuowdrrlrdcJhMuyg/ &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowf
wdkYtm; wrefawmfrsm;xHrS Mum;emcJh&onfh w&m;a'oemESihfuGJjym;aom
w&m;a'oemukd a[majymonfhq&mrsm;ukd owdxm;MuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/
'kwd,taejzihf? þrdpämq&mrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukd,kHMunfol
rsm;jzpfonf[k a<u;aMumfcJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYukd;uG,f,kHMunfygonf
[ka<u;aMumfcJhMuonfh ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fonftxdyif jzpfcJhMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rdpämya&mzufrsm;ESihfppfrSefaom ya&mzufrsm;ukd ocif
a,½IESihfywfoufaom olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf cGJjcm;odEkdifygonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½ku þrSm;,Gif;aomrdpäm'd|dt,l0g'rsm;onf
zsufpD;wwfaomt,l0g'rsm;jzpfonf[k a&;cJhonf/ toif;awmftay:
üvnf;aumif;? ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;pDtay:üvnf;aumif; 4if;wkdYvkyf
Ekdifaomt&mtm;jzihf zsufpD;wwfonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomrdpäm'd|dt,l
0g'rsm;onf ,kHMunfolwkdYukd tm½kHajymif;í ocifa,½I\or®mw&m;rS
vrf;vGJoGm;atmif zefwD;EkdifcJhMuonf/ þtvdrftnmrsm;tm;jzihf
toif;awmfrSm tm;enf;csnfheJYvmí zsufqD;jcif;ukdyif cH&Ekdifonf/ þ
tvdrftnmq&mrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\zsufqD;jcif;tvkyfukd wpfukd,fwnf;
vkyfaqmifcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þrSm;,Gif;aom ya&m
zufrsm;onf aemufvkdufwpfokdufukd pkaqmif;cJhMurnfhtaMumif; owd
ay;cJhonf (i,f 2)/ ,kwåd&Sd&SdawG;ac:jcif;ESihf tusKd;oihftaMumif;oifh
qifjcifjcif;wkdYjzihf vdrf;jc,fzkH;uG,fxm;aom 4if;wkdY\tvdrftnmrsm;ü
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlwkdYrSmom;aumifjzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\rSm;,Gi;f
aom rdpäm'd|dt,l0g'rsm;onf tjypfoabmobm0ukd qGJaqmifEkdifcJh
ítm;&auseyfp&maumif;aomfvnf;? 4if;wkdYonfrSm;,Gif;aom w&m;
a'oemrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þtwkta,mif,kHMunfolrsm;onf or®mw&m;
ukdao;odrfapjcif;jzihf ocifbk&m;ESihfocifbk&m;vlrsKd;wkdYudkuJh&JUcJhMuonf/
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ &SufzG,fenf;vrf;rsm;onf toif;awmfukd
*kPftoa&n§dK;EGrf;apcJhonf/
&Sifayw½kajymjycJhaom rdpäm'd|dya&mzufrsm;onf avmbBuD;
Muonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;tm;jzihf
tvkyftauR;rjyKcJhMuyg/ olwkdYonf ausmfapmxif&Sm;jcif;ESihfaiGaMu;ukd
om&SmazGcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;
ukd BuJjzefYzkdYtwGuf trIawmfxJwGif&SdaeMuonfr[kwf? rdrdwkdY\ukd,fusKd;
pD;yGm;twGufom trIawmfü&SdaeMuonf/
þrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf pdwful;,OfZmwfvrf;rsm;ukd zefwD;cJh
MuaMumif; &Sifayw½kuqufvufí ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;
aumif; ukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ukd zefwD;ívlwkdYukdpdwful;,Ofoufouf
jzihf zefwD;xm;aombk&m;qDodkY OD;aqmifoGm;cJhMuonf/ olwkdY\rSm;,Gif;
aomt,l0g'rsm;onf EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;rSr[kwfbJ? 4if;wkdY
340 341
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif rdpämya&mzufrsm;
þtwkta,mifacgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrSm;,Gif;aerIukd vltrsm;u
odjrifrnfukdrvkdvm;Muyg/ olwkdYonf MunfndKav;pm;cH&jcif;ukd vkdcsif
cJhMuaomaMumifh vlwkdY\pdwfESvkH;xJokdY ajzn§if;pGm0ifa&mufzdkY BudK;pm;cJhMu
onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif t,l0g'uGJJjym;rIrsm;onf tvGefeufeJodrfarGU
aomaMumifh vlwkdYuowdrrlrdcJhMuyg/ &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowf
wdkYtm; wrefawmfrsm;xHrS Mum;emcJh&onfh w&m;a'oemESihfuGJjym;aom
w&m;a'oemukd a[majymonfhq&mrsm;ukd owdxm;MuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/
'kwd,taejzihf? þrdpämq&mrsm;onf ukd,fhukd,fukd,kHMunfol
rsm;jzpfonf[k a<u;aMumfcJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYukd;uG,f,kHMunfygonf
[ka<u;aMumfcJhMuonfh ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fonftxdyif jzpfcJhMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rdpämya&mzufrsm;ESihfppfrSefaom ya&mzufrsm;ukd ocif
a,½IESihfywfoufaom olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf cGJjcm;odEkdifygonf/
tcef;i,f 1 wGif &Sifayw½ku þrSm;,Gif;aomrdpäm'd|dt,l0g'rsm;onf
zsufpD;wwfaomt,l0g'rsm;jzpfonf[k a&;cJhonf/ toif;awmftay:
üvnf;aumif;? ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;pDtay:üvnf;aumif; 4if;wkdYvkyf
Ekdifaomt&mtm;jzihf zsufpD;wwfonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomrdpäm'd|dt,l
0g'rsm;onf ,kHMunfolwkdYukd tm½kHajymif;í ocifa,½I\or®mw&m;rS
vrf;vGJoGm;atmif zefwD;EkdifcJhMuonf/ þtvdrftnmrsm;tm;jzihf
toif;awmfrSm tm;enf;csnfheJYvmí zsufqD;jcif;ukdyif cH&Ekdifonf/ þ
tvdrftnmq&mrsm;onf 4if;wkdY\zsufqD;jcif;tvkyfukd wpfukd,fwnf;
vkyfaqmifcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; þrSm;,Gif;aom ya&m
zufrsm;onf aemufvkdufwpfokdufukd pkaqmif;cJhMurnfhtaMumif; owd
ay;cJhonf (i,f 2)/ ,kwåd&Sd&SdawG;ac:jcif;ESihf tusKd;oihftaMumif;oifh
qifjcifjcif;wkdYjzihf vdrf;jc,fzkH;uG,fxm;aom 4if;wkdY\tvdrftnmrsm;ü
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlwkdYrSmom;aumifjzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\rSm;,Gi;f
aom rdpäm'd|dt,l0g'rsm;onf tjypfoabmobm0ukd qGJaqmifEkdifcJh
ítm;&auseyfp&maumif;aomfvnf;? 4if;wkdYonfrSm;,Gif;aom w&m;
a'oemrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þtwkta,mif,kHMunfolrsm;onf or®mw&m;
ukdao;odrfapjcif;jzihf ocifbk&m;ESihfocifbk&m;vlrsKd;wkdYudkuJh&JUcJhMuonf/
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\ &SufzG,fenf;vrf;rsm;onf toif;awmfukd
*kPftoa&n§dK;EGrf;apcJhonf/
&Sifayw½kajymjycJhaom rdpäm'd|dya&mzufrsm;onf avmbBuD;
Muonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;tm;jzihf
tvkyftauR;rjyKcJhMuyg/ olwkdYonf ausmfapmxif&Sm;jcif;ESihfaiGaMu;ukd
om&SmazGcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;
ukd BuJjzefYzkdYtwGuf trIawmfxJwGif&SdaeMuonfr[kwf? rdrdwkdY\ukd,fusKd;
pD;yGm;twGufom trIawmfü&SdaeMuonf/
þrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf pdwful;,OfZmwfvrf;rsm;ukd zefwD;cJh
MuaMumif; &Sifayw½kuqufvufí ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;
ocifESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;
aumif; ukd,fykdift,ltqrsm;ukd zefwD;ívlwkdYukdpdwful;,Ofoufouf
jzihf zefwD;xm;aombk&m;qDodkY OD;aqmifoGm;cJhMuonf/ olwkdY\rSm;,Gif;
aomt,l0g'rsm;onf EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;rSr[kwfbJ? 4if;wkdY
340 341
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\ukd,fykdifpdwful;,Ofrsm;rS a&mufvmcJhMuonf/
olwkdY\raumif;rItwGuf bk&m;ocifonf þrdpämya&mzufrsm;
ukd w&m;pD&ifcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\tjypf'Pfudk olwkdYtay:ücsdwfqGJ
xm;vQuf&SdNyD; olwkdYtay:ürnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkdjyKwfusvmEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY\raumif;aomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd apmifhMunfhraeyg
[kxifrSwfcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;ESihftwlvGwfajrmufcJhrnf[k olwkdY
,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf tdyfaysmf
raeyg/ xkdw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf tvGefEkd;Mum;íolwkdYukdrnfonfhtcsdefwGif
rqkd ckeftkyfzkdYtqifoihfjyifqifaeygonf/ olwkdYonf ajrmufjrm;pGmaom
olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;cJhMuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifxHwGif
&Sif;vif;csuf rysufruGufay;cJhMu&ygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 4-10 wGif&Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocifonf raumif;rI
'kp½kdufukd tNrJwrf;w&m;pD&ifaMumif;ukdjyo&ef "r®a[mif;om"ursm;ukd
ay;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 4 t&? bk&m;ocifonf tjypfusL;vGefaom
aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd csrf;omvGwfNidrf;cGihfray;cJhyg/ þewfqkd;rsm;onf
wcsdefwpfcgwGif bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefrsm;jzpfcJhMu[efwlonf/
þewfqkd;rsm;onf tjypfukdusL;vGefcJhMuí bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukd
w&m;pD&ifcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukdi&JxJokdYcsí w&m;pD&ifjcif;
aeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd olwkdYukdcsKyfaESmifxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
þaumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd þaMumufrufzG,fw&m;pD&ifjcif;rS vGwfNidrf;
cGihfray;cJhyg/ olwkdY\aemufqkH;w&m;pD&ifjcif;rSm tvGefaocsmaeNyD;
aMumufrufzG,fvnf; aumif;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfcsdefuaumif;
uifbkHxufrSaumif;uifwrefrsm; jzpfcJhMuonfh 0dnmOfqkd;rsm;ukd touf
csrf;omray;vQif vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;jzihf bk&m;ocifhom;orD;rsm;
\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;aeMuonfhvlom;rsm;ukd bk&m;ociftoufcsrf;
omay;ygrnfvm;/
tcef; 5 wGif &Sifayw½ku þurÇmBuD;ukd a&vTrf;rkd;jcif;jzihf
zsufqD;zkdY bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fcJhonfhaem{\ acwfumvukd ajymjycJh
onf/ aem{onf bk&m;ocif\a&SUwGif ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd a[m
ajymcJhaomfvnf; vlwdkYuem;axmifzdkY jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ þtcsif;t&m
onf urÇmhtEHSUa&BuD;jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd jzpfay:ap
cJhonf/ aem{ESihfaem{\ rdom;pkrsm;om xkdysufpD;jcif;rSvGwfajrmufcJh
onf/ aem{\acwfumvwGif bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;xm;onfh
t&mrsm;ukd toufcsrf;omcGifhray;cJhvQif ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fí? rdpäm
'd|dw&m;rsm;ukd a[majymaomolrsm;ukd w&m;pD&ifzdkY wkefYqkdif;aeygrnf
vm;/
bk&m;ocifonf aom'kHNrdKUESihfa*garm&NrdKUwkdYukd zsufqD;cJhaomf
vnf; ajzmifhrwfaomoljzpfonfh avmwukdu,fwifcJhonf(i,f 7)/
avmwonf þNrdKUrsm;ürSDwif;aexkdifcJhMuaom olrsm;ESihfrwlbJ? rdrd\
teD;em;wpf0kdufrS npfnrf;rIrsm;ESihf Oya'rJhpGmjyKrlrIrsm;ukd awGUjrif&
onfwGif pdwfaomua&mufcJh&onf/ rdrdawGUjrif&aom qkd;0g;onfh
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;aMumifh avmw\pdwf0dnmOfrSmaeYpOf n§if;yef;jcif;ukd
cHcJh&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf avmw\pdwfESvkH;ESif4if;\ tokdif;t0kdif;rS
tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifh olrnfokdY0rf;enf;ylaqG;aeonfukd bk&m;ocifjrif
342 343rdpämya&mzufrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
\ukd,fykdifpdwful;,Ofrsm;rS a&mufvmcJhMuonf/
olwkdY\raumif;rItwGuf bk&m;ocifonf þrdpämya&mzufrsm;
ukd w&m;pD&ifcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\tjypf'Pfudk olwkdYtay:ücsdwfqGJ
xm;vQuf&SdNyD; olwkdYtay:ürnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkdjyKwfusvmEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY\raumif;aomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd apmifhMunfhraeyg
[kxifrSwfcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;ESihftwlvGwfajrmufcJhrnf[k olwkdY
,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ okdYaomfbk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf tdyfaysmf
raeyg/ xkdw&m;pD&ifjcif;onf tvGefEkd;Mum;íolwkdYukdrnfonfhtcsdefwGif
rqkd ckeftkyfzkdYtqifoihfjyifqifaeygonf/ olwkdYonf ajrmufjrm;pGmaom
olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;cJhMuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocifxHwGif
&Sif;vif;csuf rysufruGufay;cJhMu&ygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f 4-10 wGif&Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocifonf raumif;rI
'kp½kdufukd tNrJwrf;w&m;pD&ifaMumif;ukdjyo&ef "r®a[mif;om"ursm;ukd
ay;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 4 t&? bk&m;ocifonf tjypfusL;vGefaom
aumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd csrf;omvGwfNidrf;cGihfray;cJhyg/ þewfqkd;rsm;onf
wcsdefwpfcgwGif bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefrsm;jzpfcJhMu[efwlonf/
þewfqkd;rsm;onf tjypfukdusL;vGefcJhMuí bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukd
w&m;pD&ifcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukdi&JxJokdYcsí w&m;pD&ifjcif;
aeY&ufrwkdifrDtxd olwkdYukdcsKyfaESmifxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
þaumif;uifwrefrsm;ukd þaMumufrufzG,fw&m;pD&ifjcif;rS vGwfNidrf;
cGihfray;cJhyg/ olwkdY\aemufqkH;w&m;pD&ifjcif;rSm tvGefaocsmaeNyD;
aMumufrufzG,fvnf; aumif;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfcsdefuaumif;
uifbkHxufrSaumif;uifwrefrsm; jzpfcJhMuonfh 0dnmOfqkd;rsm;ukd touf
csrf;omray;vQif vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;jzihf bk&m;ocifhom;orD;rsm;
\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;aeMuonfhvlom;rsm;ukd bk&m;ociftoufcsrf;
omay;ygrnfvm;/
tcef; 5 wGif &Sifayw½ku þurÇmBuD;ukd a&vTrf;rkd;jcif;jzihf
zsufqD;zkdY bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fcJhonfhaem{\ acwfumvukd ajymjycJh
onf/ aem{onf bk&m;ocif\a&SUwGif ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd a[m
ajymcJhaomfvnf; vlwdkYuem;axmifzdkY jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ þtcsif;t&m
onf urÇmhtEHSUa&BuD;jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd jzpfay:ap
cJhonf/ aem{ESihfaem{\ rdom;pkrsm;om xkdysufpD;jcif;rSvGwfajrmufcJh
onf/ aem{\acwfumvwGif bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;xm;onfh
t&mrsm;ukd toufcsrf;omcGifhray;cJhvQif ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fí? rdpäm
'd|dw&m;rsm;ukd a[majymaomolrsm;ukd w&m;pD&ifzdkY wkefYqkdif;aeygrnf
vm;/
bk&m;ocifonf aom'kHNrdKUESihfa*garm&NrdKUwkdYukd zsufqD;cJhaomf
vnf; ajzmifhrwfaomoljzpfonfh avmwukdu,fwifcJhonf(i,f 7)/
avmwonf þNrdKUrsm;ürSDwif;aexkdifcJhMuaom olrsm;ESihfrwlbJ? rdrd\
teD;em;wpf0kdufrS npfnrf;rIrsm;ESihf Oya'rJhpGmjyKrlrIrsm;ukd awGUjrif&
onfwGif pdwfaomua&mufcJh&onf/ rdrdawGUjrif&aom qkd;0g;onfh
tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;aMumifh avmw\pdwf0dnmOfrSmaeYpOf n§if;yef;jcif;ukd
cHcJh&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf avmw\pdwfESvkH;ESif4if;\ tokdif;t0kdif;rS
tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifh olrnfokdY0rf;enf;ylaqG;aeonfukd bk&m;ocifjrif
342 343rdpämya&mzufrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
cJhonf/ þtwGufaMumihfyif bk&m;ocifonf aom'kHNrdKUESihfa*garm&NrdKU
qDokdY apvTwfvkdfufaom aMumufrufzG,fw&m;pD&ifjcif;rS avmwukd
u,fEIwfcJhonf/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;rusa&mufrDwGif avmwukd NrdKUjyifokdY
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ESvkH;wGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;aMumifh 0efxkyfBuD;wpfckukd xrf;ae&onf/ t
aMumif;rSm olwkdYonfpmwef\vufxJü tokH;awmfcH wefqmyvmrsm;
jzpfaeMuNyD;? þavmu\arSmufrSm;rIrsm;rS vGwfajrmufump&Sdao;onfh
,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;ukd zrf;qD;owfjzwfaeMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
þrdpämya&mzufrsm;u vGwfajrmufjcif;twGuf uwdu0wfjyKcJh Muaomf
vnf; olwdkYukd,fwkdifu tjypf'kp½kduf\ aus;uRefrsm;jzpfaecJhMuonf/
&Sifayw½konf þae&mwGif þrdpämya&mzufrsm;ukd uJh&JUykwf
cwfajymqkdjcif;rvkyfcJhyg/ olonf xkdolwkdY\taMumif;trSefw&m;ukd
bk&m;ocifESifh bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufukd tvGefpdwftm;xufoefpGm
&SmBuHaeao pdwfESvkH;ESihftwlajymjyaejcif;omjzpfonf/ olonf þrdpäm
q&mrsm;\ aemufokdYvkdufjcif;ESihf 4if;wdkY\enf;vrf;rsm;üvJusoGm;
jcif;\ aMumufrufzG,ftEÅ&m,ftaMumif;ukd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; owd
ay;xm;onf/ þae&müawGU&aom&Sifayw½k\pum;vkH;rsm;wGif ppfrSef
jyif;xefrIwpfck&Sdaeonf/ þrdpämq&mrsm;u uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf
rsm;rS bk&m;ocif\okd;pkukd zsufqD;aejcif;tm; tpGrf;&SdorQjzihfumuG,f
Mu&rnf/ þrdpämya&mzufrsm;u ,laqmifvmEkdifaomysufpD;jcif;ukd
&Sifayw½ku aumif;aumif;odxm;aomaMumihf olonftvGeftm;rmef
ygygESifhþodkYajymqdkae&jcif;jzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;onf tb,faMumihfaemufvkdufwpf
okdufukd tNrJwrf;pkaqmif;EkdifcJhMuonf[k oifxifygoenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;ukd rnfonfht&muaphapmfwkdufwGef;
ygoenf;/
&Sifayw½k\ajymqkdxm;csuft&? rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mwpf
a,mufukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYcGJjcm;odEkdifrnfenf;/ olwkdY\t,l0g'
348 349rdpämya&mzufrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
umvrSya&mzufrsm;ukd AmvrfESihf ckdif;EIdif;cJhonf/ avmuDpnf;pdrfOpöm
rsm;onf olwkdYukdor®mw&m;vrf;rSvrf;vTJoGm;atmif pkHprf;aoG;aqmif
cJhMuonf/ olwkdYübk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm;ukd a0iSzkdYwefzkd;&Sdaom t&m
wpfckrQr&Sdyg/ olwkdYonf a&r&Sdaomprf;a&wGif;rsm;jzpfMuNyD;? olwkdYay;
zkdYuwdjyKxm;aom usef;rmvef;qef;jcif;ukd ray;EkdifcJhMuyg (i,f 17)/
&Sifayw½ku þrdpämya&mzufrsm;ukd avwkdufívGifhaysmufoGm;
aomrkd;wdrfESifhvnf; ckdif;EIdif;cJhonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ Zmwdqefaom
qkd;npfonfh wyfrufrIrsm;\ arSmufvSefvl;vSdrfhjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ teuf
½Idif;qkH;aomarSmifrkdufonf þrdpämya&mzufrsm;ukd apmifhpm;aeNyD;? xkdae
&mwGif olwkYd\'kp½kduftrIrsm;twGuf jyif;jyif;xefxeftjypfay;jcif;ukd
cHMu&rnfjzpfonf/
þtwkta,mifacgif;aqmifrsm;\ EIwfyg;pyfwGiftcsnf;ESD;
pum;om&Sdonf (i,f 18)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqkd&vQif olwkdYwGifta&;yg
onhfpum;ajymzdkYr&Sdyg/ olwkdYonf Zmwdyuwd\wyfrufjcif;\ qGJaqmif
&maxmifvTm;aompum;rsm;ukd ajymcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;
tajccHOya'orsm;ukd *½krpkdufyg/ olwkdYonf qkd;npfaomZmwdyuwd
\wyfrufjcif;tm;jzihfom aphaqmfjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ &Sifayw½k\pdwf
ESvkH;wGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;aMumifh 0efxkyfBuD;wpfckukd xrf;ae&onf/ t
aMumif;rSm olwkdYonfpmwef\vufxJü tokH;awmfcH wefqmyvmrsm;
jzpfaeMuNyD;? þavmu\arSmufrSm;rIrsm;rS vGwfajrmufump&Sdao;onfh
,kHMunfolvlopfrsm;ukd zrf;qD;owfjzwfaeMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
þrdpämya&mzufrsm;u vGwfajrmufjcif;twGuf uwdu0wfjyKcJh Muaomf
vnf; olwdkYukd,fwkdifu tjypf'kp½kduf\ aus;uRefrsm;jzpfaecJhMuonf/
&Sifayw½konf þae&mwGif þrdpämya&mzufrsm;ukd uJh&JUykwf
cwfajymqkdjcif;rvkyfcJhyg/ olonf xkdolwkdY\taMumif;trSefw&m;ukd
bk&m;ocifESifh bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufukd tvGefpdwftm;xufoefpGm
&SmBuHaeao pdwfESvkH;ESihftwlajymjyaejcif;omjzpfonf/ olonf þrdpäm
q&mrsm;\ aemufokdYvkdufjcif;ESihf 4if;wdkY\enf;vrf;rsm;üvJusoGm;
jcif;\ aMumufrufzG,ftEÅ&m,ftaMumif;ukd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; owd
ay;xm;onf/ þae&müawGU&aom&Sifayw½k\pum;vkH;rsm;wGif ppfrSef
jyif;xefrIwpfck&Sdaeonf/ þrdpämq&mrsm;u uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf
rsm;rS bk&m;ocif\okd;pkukd zsufqD;aejcif;tm; tpGrf;&SdorQjzihfumuG,f
Mu&rnf/ þrdpämya&mzufrsm;u ,laqmifvmEkdifaomysufpD;jcif;ukd
&Sifayw½ku aumif;aumif;odxm;aomaMumihf olonftvGeftm;rmef
ygygESifhþodkYajymqdkae&jcif;jzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;onf tb,faMumihfaemufvkdufwpf
okdufukd tNrJwrf;pkaqmif;EkdifcJhMuonf[k oifxifygoenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;ukd rnfonfht&muaphapmfwkdufwGef;
ygoenf;/
&Sifayw½k\ajymqkdxm;csuft&? rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mwpf
a,mufukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYcGJjcm;odEkdifrnfenf;/ olwkdY\t,l0g'
348 349rdpämya&mzufrsm;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihftoufwm&SifoefykHtm;jzihfajzMum;ay;yg/
rdpämq&mrsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifayw½kurnf
odkYajymcJhoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGif rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;ukd rnfokdY
wkefYjyefMu&rnfenf;/
toif;awmf\ trIawmfukd zsufqD;aeaomolrsm;\ tEÅ&m,f
ukdvlwkdYtm;owday;jcif;ESihf xdkzsufqD;olrsm;tm;uJh&JUykwfcwf
ajymqkdjcif;wdkY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g'rsm;tm;jzihf vrf;vTJjcif;ukdrcH&rnf
taMumif; or®mw&m;ukd &Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
tm; oihfukday;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY&JUtoif;awmfukd rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;xHrS umuG,f
apmifha&Smufay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mtcsKdUukd oifukd,fwkdifod&Sdxm;ygovm;/
olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;
udkjrifEdkif&efzGifh[ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
3838
3838
38
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQifwpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQifwpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
2 ay 2;20-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þusrf;csufonf uREkfyfwkdYaemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;cJhonfh
tykdif;ESihf trSefwu,foufqkdifaeaomfvnf;? 4if;ukdoD;jcm;avhvm&ef
tcsdef,l&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½konf rdpämya&mzufrsm;ESihf
4if;wkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ þrSm;,Gif;
aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf ocifa,½Iukd ausmckdif;cJhMuNyD;? Eke,faom
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;rSvrf;vTJoGm;atmif zefwD;aeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif &Sifayw½ku u,fwif&Sifocifa,½Ic&pfukd
oduRrf;jcif;tm;jzihf avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihf uif;vGwfcJhMuaomfvnf;
tjypf'kp½kdufü jyefvnfausmhrdoGm;MuaomvlwpfpktaMumif;ukd ajymjy
xm;ygonf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf rnfolwkdYukd&nfñTef;aeygoenf;/
þvlrsm;onf avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihfuif;vGwfcJhMuaMumif;ukd
owdjyKyg/ þae&mü npfnL;jcif;[laomt&monf tjypf'kp½kdufESihf
þavmu\bk&m;w&m;uif;rJhaom enf;vrf;rsm;ukd&nfñGef;onf/
uREkfyfwdkYrSDwif;aexkdifaeaomþavmuBuD;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukd qefYusifaeygonf/ þavmuBuD;onf bk&m;ocifukd
rodouJhokdY odzkdYvnf;pdwfqE´r&Sdyg/ þtcsif;t&monf txufüazmf
350
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESihftoufwm&SifoefykHtm;jzihfajzMum;ay;yg/
rdpämq&mrsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifayw½kurnf
odkYajymcJhoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGif rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;ukd rnfokdY
wkefYjyefMu&rnfenf;/
toif;awmf\ trIawmfukd zsufqD;aeaomolrsm;\ tEÅ&m,f
ukdvlwkdYtm;owday;jcif;ESihf xdkzsufqD;olrsm;tm;uJh&JUykwfcwf
ajymqkdjcif;wdkY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g'rsm;tm;jzihf vrf;vTJjcif;ukdrcH&rnf
taMumif; or®mw&m;ukd &Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
tm; oihfukday;oem;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY&JUtoif;awmfukd rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mrsm;xHrS umuG,f
apmifha&Smufay;zkdY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&mtcsKdUukd oifukd,fwkdifod&Sdxm;ygovm;/
olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ukd bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;
udkjrifEdkif&efzGifh[ay;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHü awmif;avQmufyg/
3838
3838
38
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQifwpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQifwpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
2 ay 2;20-22 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þusrf;csufonf uREkfyfwkdYaemufqkH;qifjcifESvkH;oGif;cJhonfh
tykdif;ESihf trSefwu,foufqkdifaeaomfvnf;? 4if;ukdoD;jcm;avhvm&ef
tcsdef,l&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/ &Sifayw½konf rdpämya&mzufrsm;ESihf
4if;wkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/ þrSm;,Gif;
aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;onf ocifa,½Iukd ausmckdif;cJhMuNyD;? Eke,faom
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;rSvrf;vTJoGm;atmif zefwD;aeMuygonf/
tcef;i,f 20 wGif &Sifayw½ku u,fwif&Sifocifa,½Ic&pfukd
oduRrf;jcif;tm;jzihf avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihf uif;vGwfcJhMuaomfvnf;
tjypf'kp½kdufü jyefvnfausmhrdoGm;MuaomvlwpfpktaMumif;ukd ajymjy
xm;ygonf/ wrefawmfBuD;onf rnfolwkdYukd&nfñTef;aeygoenf;/
þvlrsm;onf avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihfuif;vGwfcJhMuaMumif;ukd
owdjyKyg/ þae&mü npfnL;jcif;[laomt&monf tjypf'kp½kdufESihf
þavmu\bk&m;w&m;uif;rJhaom enf;vrf;rsm;ukd&nfñGef;onf/
uREkfyfwdkYrSDwif;aexkdifaeaomþavmuBuD;onf bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdif
aomt&mrsm;ukd qefYusifaeygonf/ þavmuBuD;onf bk&m;ocifukd
rodouJhokdY odzkdYvnf;pdwfqE´r&Sdyg/ þtcsif;t&monf txufüazmf
350
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
jycJhaomolrsm;\ toufwm&SifoefykHukd ajymjyaeygonf/ olwkdYonf
aumif;rGefaomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefcJhMuNyD;? olwkdY\teD;tem;&Sd bk&m;
rJhaomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcJhMuum bk&mocif\EIwfuywfawmfESihf
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; vkdufzufnDpGm
aexkdifcJhonf/
&Sifayw½kajymaeonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf ocifa,½IukdoduRrf;cJh
Muonf/ ocifa,½Ionf olwkdYukdtjypf\aus;uRefb0rSvGwfajrmufap
&ef <uqif;vmcJhaMumif;ukd olwkdYem;vnfcJhMuonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þod
uRrf;jcif;u þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihf uif;vGwfatmif
pGrf;atmifay;cJhonf[k &Sifayw½kuajymxm;onf/ þoduRrf;jcif;onf
OD;aESmufÓPftm;jzihf oduRrf;jcif;oufoufr[kwfyg/ þoduRrf;jcif;
onfolwkdY\toufwm&SifoefykHukd tusKd;oufa&mufrIjzpfapcJhonf/
odkYaomf olwkdYonfavmuDnpfnL;jcif;rsm;ü jyefvnfausmhrdí
us½IH;MuaomaMumihf ,cktajctaeonf ,cifjzpfcJhonfhtajctae
xufykdíqkd;0g;cJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ &Sifayw½ku uREkfyfukdrnfonfh
t&majymjyaeygoenf;/ þusrf;ykd'fi,fESihfywfoufí uREkfyfwkdYajymqkd
aqG;aEG;&rnfht&mrsm;&Sdonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,fukd em;vnfzkdY? vlwpfa,mufonfocifc&pfawmf
\wefckd;awmftm;jzihf tcsKdUtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESifh vGwfuif;EkdifcJhaomfvnf;
bk&m;ocif\ ppfrSefaomom;orD;wpfOD;r[kwfbJ&SdaeEkdifonf [laom
tcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYtodtrSwfjyKMuzkdYvdktyfonf/ xkduJhokdYaomyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfukd oduRrf;íocifc&pfawmftm;jzihf temNidrf;
jcif; (okdY) wkdYxdjcif;ukdcH&Ekdifaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ppfrSefaom om;orD;
rsm;b,faomtcgurQ rjzpfcJhMuyg/ &SifróJ 13&Sd ocifa,½I\ykHOyrm
rSausmufxlxyfaomt&yfü aygufonfhrsKd;aphuJhokdYyif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
tcsdefumvwpfcktxd &SifoefcJhaomfvnf; cufcJjcif;rsm;ESihf pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd BuHKawGU&aomtcgü vJNydKysufpD;oGm;cJhMuonf/
xkdtcsif;t&mtm;jzihf olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;trSef rjzpfcJh
onfukdodEkdifonf/
ocifa,½Iukd tajccHususoduRrf;aomfvnf; xkdoduRrf;jcif;ukd
ausmckdif;oGm;aomolrsm;onf ,ciftajctaexufyifykdíqkd;0g;cJhMu
aMumif;ukd &Sifayw½krnfokdY azmfjyxm;onfukdowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;olonf vspfvsL½Ijcif;ESihf r,kHMunfjcif;wkdYjzihf toif;awmf
ukd n§if;yef;cJhcsdefü bk&m;ocifonf olYtm;*½kPmawmfudkjyocJhaMumif;
ukd ajymjycJhonf/
]]wcsdefu igonf uJh&JUaomol? n§if;qJaomol? Murf;MuKwfaom
oljzpfzl;aomfvnf;? xkdkokdYigonf ,kHjcif;r&Sd? trSefrodbJjyKaom
aMumifh *½kPmawmfukd igcH&NyD}} (1 wd 1;13)/
toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ocifa,½I\emrawmf
ukdapmfum;ajymqkdjcif;xuf qkd;0g;aomt&mwpfck&Sdonf/ 4if;rSmocif
a,½Irnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhonfh
t&mukdvnf;aumif; ododESifhxkdt&mrsm;ukd usL;vGefjcif;yifjzpfonf/ &Sif
aygvkonf toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhonfhtcsdefumvwGif bk&m;
ocif\trIawmftaMumif;ukd em;rvnfcJhyg/ ocifc&pfawmfukd olawGU
352 353
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
jycJhaomolrsm;\ toufwm&SifoefykHukd ajymjyaeygonf/ olwkdYonf
aumif;rGefaomtoufwmjzihf &SifoefcJhMuNyD;? olwkdY\teD;tem;&Sd bk&m;
rJhaomvkyf&yfrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcJhMuum bk&mocif\EIwfuywfawmfESihf
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; vkdufzufnDpGm
aexkdifcJhonf/
&Sifayw½kajymaeonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf ocifa,½IukdoduRrf;cJh
Muonf/ ocifa,½Ionf olwkdYukdtjypf\aus;uRefb0rSvGwfajrmufap
&ef <uqif;vmcJhaMumif;ukd olwkdYem;vnfcJhMuonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þod
uRrf;jcif;u þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd avmuDnpfnL;jcif;ESihf uif;vGwfatmif
pGrf;atmifay;cJhonf[k &Sifayw½kuajymxm;onf/ þoduRrf;jcif;onf
OD;aESmufÓPftm;jzihf oduRrf;jcif;oufoufr[kwfyg/ þoduRrf;jcif;
onfolwkdY\toufwm&SifoefykHukd tusKd;oufa&mufrIjzpfapcJhonf/
odkYaomf olwkdYonfavmuDnpfnL;jcif;rsm;ü jyefvnfausmhrdí
us½IH;MuaomaMumihf ,cktajctaeonf ,cifjzpfcJhonfhtajctae
xufykdíqkd;0g;cJhaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ &Sifayw½ku uREkfyfukdrnfonfh
t&majymjyaeygoenf;/ þusrf;ykd'fi,fESihfywfoufí uREkfyfwkdYajymqkd
aqG;aEG;&rnfht&mrsm;&Sdonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,fukd em;vnfzkdY? vlwpfa,mufonfocifc&pfawmf
\wefckd;awmftm;jzihf tcsKdUtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;ESifh vGwfuif;EkdifcJhaomfvnf;
bk&m;ocif\ ppfrSefaomom;orD;wpfOD;r[kwfbJ&SdaeEkdifonf [laom
tcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYtodtrSwfjyKMuzkdYvdktyfonf/ xkduJhokdYaomyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf ocifc&pfawmfukd oduRrf;íocifc&pfawmftm;jzihf temNidrf;
jcif; (okdY) wkdYxdjcif;ukdcH&Ekdifaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ppfrSefaom om;orD;
rsm;b,faomtcgurQ rjzpfcJhMuyg/ &SifróJ 13&Sd ocifa,½I\ykHOyrm
rSausmufxlxyfaomt&yfü aygufonfhrsKd;aphuJhokdYyif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
tcsdefumvwpfcktxd &SifoefcJhaomfvnf; cufcJjcif;rsm;ESihf pkHprf;aESmuf
,Sufjcif;rsm;ukd BuHKawGU&aomtcgü vJNydKysufpD;oGm;cJhMuonf/
xkdtcsif;t&mtm;jzihf olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ om;orD;rsm;trSef rjzpfcJh
onfukdodEkdifonf/
ocifa,½Iukd tajccHususoduRrf;aomfvnf; xkdoduRrf;jcif;ukd
ausmckdif;oGm;aomolrsm;onf ,ciftajctaexufyifykdíqkd;0g;cJhMu
aMumif;ukd &Sifayw½krnfokdY azmfjyxm;onfukdowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;olonf vspfvsL½Ijcif;ESihf r,kHMunfjcif;wkdYjzihf toif;awmf
ukd n§if;yef;cJhcsdefü bk&m;ocifonf olYtm;*½kPmawmfudkjyocJhaMumif;
ukd ajymjycJhonf/
]]wcsdefu igonf uJh&JUaomol? n§if;qJaomol? Murf;MuKwfaom
oljzpfzl;aomfvnf;? xkdkokdYigonf ,kHjcif;r&Sd? trSefrodbJjyKaom
aMumifh *½kPmawmfukd igcH&NyD}} (1 wd 1;13)/
toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ocifa,½I\emrawmf
ukdapmfum;ajymqkdjcif;xuf qkd;0g;aomt&mwpfck&Sdonf/ 4if;rSmocif
a,½Irnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;? ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhonfh
t&mukdvnf;aumif; ododESifhxkdt&mrsm;ukd usL;vGefjcif;yifjzpfonf/ &Sif
aygvkonf toif;awmfukd n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhonfhtcsdefumvwGif bk&m;
ocif\trIawmftaMumif;ukd em;rvnfcJhyg/ ocifc&pfawmfukd olawGU
352 353
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
BuHK&cdsefwGif t&mtm;vkH;rSm tajccHususajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ olonf
ajrüjyyf0yfvsufOD;cs0efcHí toufwmwpfckvkH;ukd vufawmfüqufuyf
tyfESHcJhonf/ rodíjypfrSm;jcif;onf qkd;0g;ygaomfvnf; rdrdvkyfaeonfh
t&mukdtukeftpifodvQufESifh jypfrSm;jcif;rSmykdíyifqkd;0g;NyD;ykdíwif;usyf
aomw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukdcH&rnfjzpfonf/
,aeYwGif u,fwifjcif;vrf;ukd oduRrf;xm;aomolrsm;&SdMuyg
onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfukd wpfenf;r[kwf
wpfenf;jzihf BuHKawGUcHpm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf toufwmü tema&m*g
Nidrf;jcif;ukd cHpm;&aumif;cHpm;cJhMurnf/ olwkdYonf wpfckckukdpGJvrf;aerI
(okdY) tusihfqkd;wpfckcktm;atmifEkdifjcif;ukd bk&m;ocifxHrSawGUBuHK
aumif;awGUBuHKcJhMuonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;xJrStcsKdUrSm ocif
a,½I\emrawmfü trIawmfukdyifaqmifaeMuygonf/ þuJhodkYaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;taMumif;ukd ocifa,½Iu róJ 7;22-23 wGif rnfokdYajymxm;
onfukdMunfhyg/
]]xkdaeYüum;? ocif? ocif tuREkfyfwdkYonf ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf
qkH;rMo0g'ay;ygNyDr[kwfavm/ ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf ewfqkd;wkdYukd
ESifxkwfygNyDavm/ ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf rsm;pGmaomwefckd;wkdYukd
jyygNyDr[kwfavm[k trsm;aomolwkdYonf avQmufMuvdrfhrnf/
xkdokdYavQmufMuaomtcg oifwkdYukdigtvsif;rod/ t"r®trIukd
jyKaomolwkdY ighxHrSz,fMu[k olwkdYtm;twnfhtvif;igajym
rnf/}}
þusrf;abmiftquftpyfxJü &Sifayw½kajymjyaeaomolrsm;
onf róJ 7ü ocifa,½IajymjycJhaomolrsm;uJhokdYyif jzpfaMumif;ukd
owd&yg/ &Sifayw½konf ocifbk&m;\emrawmftm;jzihf a&mufvmMu
onfh rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;u rdrdwdkYonf ocifbk&m;\ukd,fpm;ajymqkdaeMuygonf[k
a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\aumif;rGefaomtoufwm
&SifoefykHtm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? om,memaysmfzG,fpum;vkH;rsm;tm;jzihf
vnf;aumif; vlwdkYukdvSnfhjzm;cJhMuaomfvnf;? olwkdYonftjypf'kp½kdufü
ydwfavSmif;rdaeí us½IH;aeolrsm;jzpfvQufaeonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;\
jzpfwnfrIukd ajymjy&ef&Sifayw½ku xkdacwfumvrSpum;ykHwpfckukd tokH;
jyKcJhonf/ ]]acG;onfrdrdtefzwfukd jyefípm;\/ 0ufonfvnf;aq;NyD;rS
&GHUwGifvl;jyef\}} (i,f 22)/
npfywfayusHjcif;ESihf &GHUvl;jcif;onf 0ufwkdY\obm0jzpfonf/
rdrd\tefzwfukd jyefpm;jcif;rSmvnf; acG;wkdY\obm0jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\vlrsm;onf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd trSefwu,fapmifhMunfhaeMuvQif
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ rSm;,Gif;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ukd ra&S;raESmif;wGifawGUjrif
Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\jzpfwnfrItrSefukd rMumrDtcsdefwGif xkwfazmf
jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\tjypfrsm;ü ausmhrdvQufaeMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY
rnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonfukd jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I\emrawmf
tm;jzifh a&mufvmolwkdif;onf ocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;r[kwf
Muyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\wkdYxdjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&olwkdif;vnf; ocif
a,½I\om;orD;rrnfyg/
ocifc&pfawmfukd oduRrf;í xkdoduRrf;jcif;ukd ausmckdif;cJhMu
354 355wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
BuHK&cdsefwGif t&mtm;vkH;rSm tajccHususajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ olonf
ajrüjyyf0yfvsufOD;cs0efcHí toufwmwpfckvkH;ukd vufawmfüqufuyf
tyfESHcJhonf/ rodíjypfrSm;jcif;onf qkd;0g;ygaomfvnf; rdrdvkyfaeonfh
t&mukdtukeftpifodvQufESifh jypfrSm;jcif;rSmykdíyifqkd;0g;NyD;ykdíwif;usyf
aomw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukdcH&rnfjzpfonf/
,aeYwGif u,fwifjcif;vrf;ukd oduRrf;xm;aomolrsm;&SdMuyg
onf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfukd wpfenf;r[kwf
wpfenf;jzihf BuHKawGUcHpm;Muonf/ olwkdYonf toufwmü tema&m*g
Nidrf;jcif;ukd cHpm;&aumif;cHpm;cJhMurnf/ olwkdYonf wpfckckukdpGJvrf;aerI
(okdY) tusihfqkd;wpfckcktm;atmifEkdifjcif;ukd bk&m;ocifxHrSawGUBuHK
aumif;awGUBuHKcJhMuonf/ trSefqkd&vQif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;xJrStcsKdUrSm ocif
a,½I\emrawmfü trIawmfukdyifaqmifaeMuygonf/ þuJhodkYaom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;taMumif;ukd ocifa,½Iu róJ 7;22-23 wGif rnfokdYajymxm;
onfukdMunfhyg/
]]xkdaeYüum;? ocif? ocif tuREkfyfwdkYonf ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf
qkH;rMo0g'ay;ygNyDr[kwfavm/ ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf ewfqkd;wkdYukd
ESifxkwfygNyDavm/ ukd,fawmftcGihfESihf rsm;pGmaomwefckd;wkdYukd
jyygNyDr[kwfavm[k trsm;aomolwkdYonf avQmufMuvdrfhrnf/
xkdokdYavQmufMuaomtcg oifwkdYukdigtvsif;rod/ t"r®trIukd
jyKaomolwkdY ighxHrSz,fMu[k olwkdYtm;twnfhtvif;igajym
rnf/}}
þusrf;abmiftquftpyfxJü &Sifayw½kajymjyaeaomolrsm;
onf róJ 7ü ocifa,½IajymjycJhaomolrsm;uJhokdYyif jzpfaMumif;ukd
owd&yg/ &Sifayw½konf ocifbk&m;\emrawmftm;jzihf a&mufvmMu
onfh rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;taMumif;ukd ajymjyaecJhygonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;u rdrdwdkYonf ocifbk&m;\ukd,fpm;ajymqkdaeMuygonf[k
a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\aumif;rGefaomtoufwm
&SifoefykHtm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? om,memaysmfzG,fpum;vkH;rsm;tm;jzihf
vnf;aumif; vlwdkYukdvSnfhjzm;cJhMuaomfvnf;? olwkdYonftjypf'kp½kdufü
ydwfavSmif;rdaeí us½IH;aeolrsm;jzpfvQufaeonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;\
jzpfwnfrIukd ajymjy&ef&Sifayw½ku xkdacwfumvrSpum;ykHwpfckukd tokH;
jyKcJhonf/ ]]acG;onfrdrdtefzwfukd jyefípm;\/ 0ufonfvnf;aq;NyD;rS
&GHUwGifvl;jyef\}} (i,f 22)/
npfywfayusHjcif;ESihf &GHUvl;jcif;onf 0ufwkdY\obm0jzpfonf/
rdrd\tefzwfukd jyefpm;jcif;rSmvnf; acG;wkdY\obm0jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\vlrsm;onf þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd trSefwu,fapmifhMunfhaeMuvQif
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ rSm;,Gif;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ukd ra&S;raESmif;wGifawGUjrif
Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\jzpfwnfrItrSefukd rMumrDtcsdefwGif xkwfazmf
jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY\tjypfrsm;ü ausmhrdvQufaeMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdY
rnfolrnf0gjzpfMuonfukd jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/ ocifa,½I\emrawmf
tm;jzifh a&mufvmolwkdif;onf ocifa,½IESihfoufqkdifaomolrsm;r[kwf
Muyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\wkdYxdjcif;ukd BuHKawGUcHpm;&olwkdif;vnf; ocif
a,½I\om;orD;rrnfyg/
ocifc&pfawmfukd oduRrf;í xkdoduRrf;jcif;ukd ausmckdif;cJhMu
354 355wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aomolwkdY\ ed*kH;onfocifc&pfawmfukd roduRrf;cJhjcif;xufyif ykdíqkd;0g;
vdrfhrnf[k &Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;onf/ olwkdYtay:ü
usa&mufrnfh w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf ocifa,½Iukd vkH;vkH;r,kHMunfcJhaom
olrsm;tay:ü usa&mufrnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;xufykdí jyif;xefqkd;0g;cJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ opöm&SdwnfMunfjcif;twGuf aumif;uifbkHü qkvm'frsm;&Sd
ouJhokdY? ocifa,½Iay;oem;aom u,fwifjcif;ukd jiif;qefaomolrsm;ü
twGufvnf; w&m;pD&ifjcif;twkdif;twm yrmPtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
r,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ESihf
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmukdBuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdifygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&;ocifukd trSefwu,foduRrf;jcif;r&SdbJ? emr
awmftm;jzihf trIawmfaqmifEkdifygovm;/
rodíjypfrSm;aomtjypfESihf odvQufjypfrSm;aomtjypfwkdY\
jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aom rdpämya&mzufwpfa,mufukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY cGJjcm;
odjrifEkdifrnfenf;/ rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufwpfa,mufonf
ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufESihfwlEkdifygovm;/
a&mufvmrnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht
&mukd oif,l&ygoenf;/
oifonf bk&mocif\ppfrSefaomom;orD;wpfa,muf[kwfyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IESihftrSefoufqkdifaMumif;ukd
rnfokdYodEkdifMurnfenf;/ ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;ESihf bmom
w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;toufwmwkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihfukdor®mw&m;t;xkwfazmfjyay;aomaMumifh ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; xkdor®mw&m;ukd vufawGU
&SifoefEkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmfukdoGef;avmif;ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhteD;ywf0ef;usifü Mum;emae&aom w&m;a'oemrsm;ukd
cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifpGrf;tm; ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/ trSefESihftrSm;ukd cGJjcm;odEkdifzkdY ulnDay;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY&JUtokdif;t0kdif;ü rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;&Sdygo
vm;/ ocifbk&m;onf or®mw&m;tm; oduRrf;jcif;ukd olwkdYtm;
ay;oem;zkdY qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdef,lyg/ ocifbk&m;onf
olwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;odkY jyefvnfqGJaqmifzdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
356 357
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
aomolwkdY\ ed*kH;onfocifc&pfawmfukd roduRrf;cJhjcif;xufyif ykdíqkd;0g;
vdrfhrnf[k &Sifayw½ku uREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;onf/ olwkdYtay:ü
usa&mufrnfh w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf ocifa,½Iukd vkH;vkH;r,kHMunfcJhaom
olrsm;tay:ü usa&mufrnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;xufykdí jyif;xefqkd;0g;cJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ opöm&SdwnfMunfjcif;twGuf aumif;uifbkHü qkvm'frsm;&Sd
ouJhokdY? ocifa,½Iay;oem;aom u,fwifjcif;ukd jiif;qefaomolrsm;ü
twGufvnf; w&m;pD&ifjcif;twkdif;twm yrmPtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
r,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ESihf
bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;r*FvmukdBuHKawGUcHpm;Ekdifygovm;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&;ocifukd trSefwu,foduRrf;jcif;r&SdbJ? emr
awmftm;jzihf trIawmfaqmifEkdifygovm;/
rodíjypfrSm;aomtjypfESihf odvQufjypfrSm;aomtjypfwkdY\
jcm;em;csufrSm tb,fenf;/
rSm;,Gif;aom rdpämya&mzufwpfa,mufukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdY cGJjcm;
odjrifEkdifrnfenf;/ rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufwpfa,mufonf
ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufESihfwlEkdifygovm;/
a&mufvmrnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht
&mukd oif,l&ygoenf;/
oifonf bk&mocif\ppfrSefaomom;orD;wpfa,muf[kwfyg
ovm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½IESihftrSefoufqkdifaMumif;ukd
rnfokdYodEkdifMurnfenf;/ ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;ESihf bmom
w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;toufwmwkdY\ jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihfukdor®mw&m;t;xkwfazmfjyay;aomaMumifh ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; xkdor®mw&m;ukd vufawGU
&SifoefEkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmfukdoGef;avmif;ay;&ef awmif;avQmufyg/
oifhteD;ywf0ef;usifü Mum;emae&aom w&m;a'oemrsm;ukd
cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifpGrf;tm; ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/ trSefESihftrSm;ukd cGJjcm;odEkdifzkdY ulnDay;&efawmif;avQmufyg/
oifwkdY&JUtokdif;t0kdif;ü rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämya&mzufrsm;&Sdygo
vm;/ ocifbk&m;onf or®mw&m;tm; oduRrf;jcif;ukd olwkdYtm;
ay;oem;zkdY qkawmif;ay;&ef tcsdef,lyg/ ocifbk&m;onf
olwkdYukd rdrdtxHyg;odkY jyefvnfqGJaqmifzdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
356 357
wpfzefausmhrdí½IH;vQif
3939
3939
39
ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
2 ay 3;1-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½konf rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYxHü rSm;,Gif;aomrdpäm
ya&mzufrsm;trSef&Sdjcif;taMumif;ESihf owif;aumif;\or®mw&m;vrf;
rSaoGz,foGm;jcif;\ tEÅ&m,fukdajymjyaecJhygonf/ pmwefonf bk&m;
ocihfEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukdtvGJvGJtrSm;rSm;jzpfap&mü tvGef
wuf<uaeygonf/ &Sifayw½k\0efxkyfrSm rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfrsm;tae
jzihf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukdem;vnfoabmaygufí olwkdY\acwf
umvü tvGefrsm;jym;onfh rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifjcif;rsm;ukd wkdufvSef
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3939
3939
39
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wdkYonf tcsdefumvESihf zefqif;jcif;ukdcHxm;Mu&NyD;? uREkfyfwkdY\touf
wmonf tcsdefumvxJwGif vnfywf&Sifoef&onf/ ESpftenf;i,f
uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefNyD;aemufwGif ysufpD;aysmufuG,foGm;Mu&onf/ uREkfyf
wkdY\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf tBuHtpnfrsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfzkdY ESpf
tenf;i,fom&&SdMuonf/ bk&m;ocifwGif þuJhokdYaom uefYowfcsuf
rsKd;r&Sdyg/ jyefvnf<uqif;vmzdkY MueYfMumaejcif;aMumifh jyefvnf<uqif;
rvmawmh[k rqkdvkdyg/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\uwdawmfukd apmifhxdef;&müaES;auG;aomol
r[kwfaMumif;ukd jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ tcsdefumvESihfywfoufí
uREkfyfwkdY\t,ltqrsm;aMumifhom bk&m;ocifrSmMuefYMumaeonf[k
xifrSwf&jcif;jzpfonf/ ESpfumvtcsKdUukd xm0&umvESihf EIdif;,SOfMunfh
vQif bmrsm;&Sdrnfenf;/ 4if;wdkYonf xm0&umvESihfEIdif;,SOfvQiftvGef
wkdawmif;vSaomaMumihf a&wGufzkdYyifcufcJygvdrfhrnf/
uREkfyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zkdY ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm bk&m;ocif
xkdokdYMuefYMumaejcif;onf aus;Zl;awmfESihf *½kPmw&m;wkdYaMumihfjzpf
onf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif,ck<uqif;vmygu vlb,f
362 363ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESpfa,mufonf xdkjyefvnf<uvmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfcJhMuvdrfh
rnfenf;/ þMuefYMumjcif;onf vlom;wkdY\tusKd;twGufjzpfonf/ þokdY
MuefYMumaecsdefwGif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfa&SUokdYcsDvQuf EkdifiHawmfrSm
us,fjyefYvm&onf/ ra&rwGufEkdifatmifrsm;jym;aomolrsm;onf w&m;
awmf\ wkYdxdjcif;ukd cH&NyD;? ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;<uqif;vmrnfrSm trSefjzpfaomfvnf;rnfonfhtcdsefwGif <uvm
qif;vmrnfukdrl uREkfyfwkdYtwdtus rodEkdifMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYodxm;aom
t&mrSm ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;rwkdiftcsdefumvonf bk&m;
ocifESihf oihfjrwfíuREkfyfwkdY\tjypfukd cGihfvTwfcHzkdYaemufqkH;tcGihfta&;
jzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif &Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;onf olckd;uJhokdY
jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukd aMunmcJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyf
wdkY rarQmfvihfqkH;tcsdefwGif jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfjzpfonf/ olckd;rnf
onfhtcsdefüa&mufvmrnfukd oifwkdYodxm;vQif oifwkdY\wHcg;rsm;ukd
rydwfbJxm;rnfvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pifMu,faomtoufwmjzihf &Sifoef
zdkYaphapmfcH&rnftaMumif; ocifbk&m;u oljyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdef
ukd uREkfyfwdkYtm;&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&SdjzihfrajymjycJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtcsdef
wGifrqdk oljyefvnf<uqif;vmEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtaejzihf tqifoihf
jzpfaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/
zefqif;&Sifbk&m;ocifu xkwfaz:ajymjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olonf
rvSnfhjzm;wwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\pum;onf owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif
txajrmufjynfhpkHygvdrfhrnf/ aumif;uifonf BuD;aomwkef[D;oH ESihf
twlaysmufuG,foGm;í ajrBuD;rSmvnf;rD;jzihf zsufqD;cH&rnfhaeY&uf
a&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ tjypf'kp½dkufESihf pGef;xif;aeaomt&m tm;vkH;
zsufqD;cH&rnf/ toufwma[mif;rSrnfonhft&mrQ usef&pfrnf
r[kwfyg/ oefY&Sif;ípifMu,faomt&mrsm;om usef&pfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;onfMuefYMumaeaomfvnf; uwdawmf
rsm;tm;vkH;ukd jynfhpkHapcJhvdrfhrnf[k tmrcHxm;onf/ zefqif;&Sifbk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd oHo,jzpfcJhMuaomolrsm;twGuf xkdaeY&uf
onf tb,frQpdwfroufomzG,f qkd;0g;onfhaeY&ufjzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf oihfjrwfavsmfuefaomtawG; (MunfjzLaompdwf)ESihf
jrwfaomtusifhwkdYukd &Sdxm;jcif;tm;jzihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfaeMuaomolrsm;jzpfygapaomf....
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½k ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oihfjrwfavsmfuefaomtawG;
(MunfjzLaompdwf)ukd &SdMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ oihfjrwfavsmfuef
aomtawG; (MunfjzLaompdwf)\ &efolrsm;rSm rnfonfht&m
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ tcsdeftcgowfrSwfcsufESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;
csufrSrnfonfht&mukd uREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihf pyfvsOf;írnfonfht&mukd
uREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\xkdEIwf
uywfawmfESifh uwdawmfrsm;ukd ,kHMunfpdwfcsEkdifygovm;/
364 365ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ESpfa,mufonf xdkjyefvnf<uvmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfcJhMuvdrfh
rnfenf;/ þMuefYMumjcif;onf vlom;wkdY\tusKd;twGufjzpfonf/ þokdY
MuefYMumaecsdefwGif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfa&SUokdYcsDvQuf EkdifiHawmfrSm
us,fjyefYvm&onf/ ra&rwGufEkdifatmifrsm;jym;aomolrsm;onf w&m;
awmf\ wkYdxdjcif;ukd cH&NyD;? ocifa,½Iukd ,kHMunfvufcHMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;<uqif;vmrnfrSm trSefjzpfaomfvnf;rnfonfhtcdsefwGif <uvm
qif;vmrnfukdrl uREkfyfwkdYtwdtus rodEkdifMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdYodxm;aom
t&mrSm ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;rwkdiftcsdefumvonf bk&m;
ocifESihf oihfjrwfíuREkfyfwkdY\tjypfukd cGihfvTwfcHzkdYaemufqkH;tcGihfta&;
jzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 10 wGif &Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;onf olckd;uJhokdY
jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukd aMunmcJhonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm uREkfyf
wdkY rarQmfvihfqkH;tcsdefwGif jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfjzpfonf/ olckd;rnf
onfhtcsdefüa&mufvmrnfukd oifwkdYodxm;vQif oifwkdY\wHcg;rsm;ukd
rydwfbJxm;rnfvm;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf pifMu,faomtoufwmjzihf &Sifoef
zdkYaphapmfcH&rnftaMumif; ocifbk&m;u oljyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdef
ukd uREkfyfwdkYtm;&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&SdjzihfrajymjycJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtcsdef
wGifrqdk oljyefvnf<uqif;vmEkdifygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtaejzihf tqifoihf
jzpfaeMu&rnfjzpfonf/
zefqif;&Sifbk&m;ocifu xkwfaz:ajymjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olonf
rvSnfhjzm;wwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\pum;onf owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefwGif
txajrmufjynfhpkHygvdrfhrnf/ aumif;uifonf BuD;aomwkef[D;oH ESihf
twlaysmufuG,foGm;í ajrBuD;rSmvnf;rD;jzihf zsufqD;cH&rnfhaeY&uf
a&mufvmygvdrfhrnf/ tjypf'kp½dkufESihf pGef;xif;aeaomt&m tm;vkH;
zsufqD;cH&rnf/ toufwma[mif;rSrnfonhft&mrQ usef&pfrnf
r[kwfyg/ oefY&Sif;ípifMu,faomt&mrsm;om usef&pfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;onfMuefYMumaeaomfvnf; uwdawmf
rsm;tm;vkH;ukd jynfhpkHapcJhvdrfhrnf[k tmrcHxm;onf/ zefqif;&Sifbk&m;
ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfukd oHo,jzpfcJhMuaomolrsm;twGuf xkdaeY&uf
onf tb,frQpdwfroufomzG,f qkd;0g;onfhaeY&ufjzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf oihfjrwfavsmfuefaomtawG; (MunfjzLaompdwf)ESihf
jrwfaomtusifhwkdYukd &Sdxm;jcif;tm;jzihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfaeMuaomolrsm;jzpfygapaomf....
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifayw½k ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oihfjrwfavsmfuefaomtawG;
(MunfjzLaompdwf)ukd &SdMuzdkYpdefac:cJhonf/ oihfjrwfavsmfuef
aomtawG; (MunfjzLaompdwf)\ &efolrsm;rSm rnfonfht&m
rsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ tcsdeftcgowfrSwfcsufESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;
csufrSrnfonfht&mukd uREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESihf pyfvsOf;írnfonfht&mukd
uREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\xkdEIwf
uywfawmfESifh uwdawmfrsm;ukd ,kHMunfpdwfcsEkdifygovm;/
364 365ocifbk&m;<uvmjcif;rSm tb,frSmenf;
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifbk&m;onf oljyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd tb,fhaMumihf
MuefYMumaeapygoenf; (i,f 9ukd Munfhyg)/
oifonf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihf
jzpfaeygovm;/ ocifbk&m;reufjzefwGif jyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnfukd oifodvQif oihftoufwmü rnfonfht&mukd ajymif;vJ
cJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oihfpdwfukd oefYpifaq;aMumí oifhjrwfavsmf
uefaomtawG;jzihf jznfhay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ avmuDtawG;
avmuDenf;vrf;ESihf pyfvsOf;aomwyfrufrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
z,f&Sm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
EIwfuywfawmfonf t<uif;rJhrSefuefygonf[laom pdwfcs ,kH
MunfrIukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;EkdifMuonfhtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wif csD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;u oljyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[k uwday;cJhaom
aMumihfaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m; jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom tvif;atmufü
aeYpOf&SifoefEkdifzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
4040
4040
40
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonftb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonftb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
2 ay 3;11-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf jynfhpkHjcif;okdY
a&mufvdrfhrnfhtaMumif;ukd rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; jyefvnftoday;
aecJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmí ajrBuD;ukdw&m;pD&ifrnfhaeY
a&mufvmaeygonf/ þajrBuD;onfwpfaeYwGif rD;tm;jzihfzsufqD;cH&rnfh
taMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyygonf/ &Sifayw½kwkdY\acwfrS rSm;,Gif;
aom rdpämq&mrsm;u ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ESihf w&m;pD&if
jcif;t,ltqrsm;ukd avSmifajymifoa&mfcJhMuonf/ olwkYdonfa&mufvm
rnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd rrIbJ'kp½kdufoufwmü &SifoefcJhMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;onf MuefYMumaeaomaMumihf trSefwu,fjyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnfr[kwfouJhokdY þavmuukdw&m;pD&ifrnfvnf;r[kwf[k ,kHMunfcJh
Muonf/ þt,ltq\qifjcifÓPfuif;rJhjcif;ESihf rkdufrJjcif;ukdolwkdYtm;
today;cJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tNrJwrf;tqifoihfjzpfaeMuzdkY pdefac:cJh
onf/\
tcef;BuD; 3\ aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ]]þt&mtvkH;
pkHwkdYonf tukeftpifysufokOf;ajymufysufoGm;rnfjzpfaomaMumifh oifwkdY
366
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ocifbk&m;onf oljyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd tb,fhaMumihf
MuefYMumaeapygoenf; (i,f 9ukd Munfhyg)/
oifonf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tqifoihf
jzpfaeygovm;/ ocifbk&m;reufjzefwGif jyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnfukd oifodvQif oihftoufwmü rnfonfht&mukd ajymif;vJ
cJhvdrfhrnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf oihfpdwfukd oefYpifaq;aMumí oifhjrwfavsmf
uefaomtawG;jzihf jznfhay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/ avmuDtawG;
avmuDenf;vrf;ESihf pyfvsOf;aomwyfrufrIrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
z,f&Sm;ay;zkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
EIwfuywfawmfonf t<uif;rJhrSefuefygonf[laom pdwfcs ,kH
MunfrIukd uREkfyfwkdY&Sdxm;EkdifMuonfhtwGuf ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wif csD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;u oljyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[k uwday;cJhaom
aMumihfaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m; jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom tvif;atmufü
aeYpOf&SifoefEkdifzkdY ulnDrpay;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
4040
4040
40
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonftb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonftb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
2 ay 3;11-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifayw½ku bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf jynfhpkHjcif;okdY
a&mufvdrfhrnfhtaMumif;ukd rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; jyefvnftoday;
aecJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmí ajrBuD;ukdw&m;pD&ifrnfhaeY
a&mufvmaeygonf/ þajrBuD;onfwpfaeYwGif rD;tm;jzihfzsufqD;cH&rnfh
taMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjyygonf/ &Sifayw½kwkdY\acwfrS rSm;,Gif;
aom rdpämq&mrsm;u ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ESihf w&m;pD&if
jcif;t,ltqrsm;ukd avSmifajymifoa&mfcJhMuonf/ olwkYdonfa&mufvm
rnfhw&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd rrIbJ'kp½kdufoufwmü &SifoefcJhMuonf/ ocif
bk&m;onf MuefYMumaeaomaMumihf trSefwu,fjyefvnf<uqif;vm
rnfr[kwfouJhokdY þavmuukdw&m;pD&ifrnfvnf;r[kwf[k ,kHMunfcJh
Muonf/ þt,ltq\qifjcifÓPfuif;rJhjcif;ESihf rkdufrJjcif;ukdolwkdYtm;
today;cJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;
jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tNrJwrf;tqifoihfjzpfaeMuzdkY pdefac:cJh
onf/\
tcef;BuD; 3\ aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sifayw½ku ]]þt&mtvkH;
pkHwkdYonf tukeftpifysufokOf;ajymufysufoGm;rnfjzpfaomaMumifh oifwkdY
366
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
onf tb,fokdYaomoljzpftyfoenf;}}[laom ar;cGef;ukdar;cJhygonf
(i,f 11)/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrduwdjyKxm;onfhtwkdif; urÇmBuD;ukd w&m;
pD&ifzkdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmvQif uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYjyKrl&SifoefMu&rnfenf;/
þtcef;BuD;\aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif þar;cGef;ESihfywfoufí &Sifayw½k\
tajzukd uREkfyfwkdYavhvmokH;oyfoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnftm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnftm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
ocifbk&m;þavmuokdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom
tcsuft& uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;tm;jzihf &SifoefMu&rnf[k &Sifayw½kuajymjyxm;onf/
uav;rsm;u olwkdY\zcifBuD;tdrfjyefvmaeonfukd odcJhMuvQifolwkdYonf
pum;em;raxmifjcif; tjyKtrlwpfckukd vufyl;vufusyftawGUrcH&zkdY
ukd,fhukd,fukdtpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;jyifqifMuygvdrfhrnfr[kwfygvm;/ omref
todpdwfuyif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmvQif uREkfyfwdkYukd EIwfuywf
awmftm; emcHaeonfhtajctaeESihf awGUoifhonf[k ajymygvdrfhrnf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnfay:xGef;vmcsdefü t&SufuGJtusKd;enf;jcif;wpfckrQ
r&SdrnfhtoufwmrsKd;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
onf cyfodrf;aomtrIwkdYü oefY&Sif;pGm usihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmf&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf
olwkdYtqifoihfjzpfaejcif;u xkdaeY&ufukdykdí vQifvQifjrefjrefa&muf&Sd
vmaprnfhtaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ róJ 24;14 wGif ocifa,½Iurdrd\
wynfhawmfwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd avmuDEkdifiHt&yf&yf&Sd
orQwkdYü a[majymNyD;onfhtcsdefüom aemufqkH;aomumva&mufvm
rnf[k ajymcJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh þEkdifiHawmfESihf,SOfaom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd
vlrsKd;toD;oD;wkdYxHü oufaowpfcktjzpf a[majymcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ xkd
aemufrSom aemufqkH;aomumva&muf&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;rwkdifrDwGif NyD;ajrmufatmif
vkyfzkdY tvkyfwpfck&Sdonf/ EkdifiHawmfokdY 0ifa&mufvmMurnfh 0dnmOfrsm;
pGm&Sdaeao;onf/ aemufqkH;aom aeY&ufa&muf&Sdvmaeonfukd od&Sd
jcif;ESihftwl tjypf'kp½kdufü vrf;aysmufaeaomolrsm;ukd vufurf;u,f
wifí okd;tkyfxJokdY jyefvnf,laqmifvmMu&efrSm uREkfyfwkdY\wm0ef
jzpfonf/
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmhuwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmhuwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
bk&m;ocif\ aeY&ufeD;uyfvmaejcif;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESihftwl
uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdoifhonfh 'kwd,ajrmufwkefYjyefrIrSm uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvm
jcif;ukd arQmfvifhí apmifhMunfhjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½dkufonf ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaom qif;&J'ku©ESihf emusifrIrsm;ukdjzpfapcJhonf/ 4if;onfuREkfyf
wkdY\ wuf<ujyif;xefrIESifh cGeftm;pGrf;tifrsm;ukd aysmufjy,foGm;apcJh
onf/ 4if;onf uREkfyfwkdYcspf&aomolrsm;ukd aojcif;tm;jzihf,laqmifoGm;
cJhonf/ 4if;onf0rf;enf;jcif; rsuf&nfrsm;ESihf pdwf'ku©a&mufjcif;rsm;ukd
jzpfapcJhonf/ txl;ojzihf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf 4if;onfjiif;y,fcH&
jcif;ESihf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;ukd jzpfapcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
368 369
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
onf tb,fokdYaomoljzpftyfoenf;}}[laom ar;cGef;ukdar;cJhygonf
(i,f 11)/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrduwdjyKxm;onfhtwkdif; urÇmBuD;ukd w&m;
pD&ifzkdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmvQif uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYjyKrl&SifoefMu&rnfenf;/
þtcef;BuD;\aemufqkH;tykdif;wGif þar;cGef;ESihfywfoufí &Sifayw½k\
tajzukd uREkfyfwkdYavhvmokH;oyfoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
oifwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmjcif;
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnftm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnftm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
tm;jzihf &Sifoef&rnf
ocifbk&m;þavmuokdY jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom
tcsuft& uREkfyfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;pGmusihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;tm;jzihf &SifoefMu&rnf[k &Sifayw½kuajymjyxm;onf/
uav;rsm;u olwkdY\zcifBuD;tdrfjyefvmaeonfukd odcJhMuvQifolwkdYonf
pum;em;raxmifjcif; tjyKtrlwpfckukd vufyl;vufusyftawGUrcH&zkdY
ukd,fhukd,fukdtpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;jyifqifMuygvdrfhrnfr[kwfygvm;/ omref
todpdwfuyif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmvQif uREkfyfwdkYukd EIwfuywf
awmftm; emcHaeonfhtajctaeESihf awGUoifhonf[k ajymygvdrfhrnf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnfay:xGef;vmcsdefü t&SufuGJtusKd;enf;jcif;wpfckrQ
r&SdrnfhtoufwmrsKd;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY&SifoefMu&rnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwm
onf cyfodrf;aomtrIwkdYü oefY&Sif;pGm usihfBuHajymqkdí bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmf&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 12 wGif ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf
olwkdYtqifoihfjzpfaejcif;u xkdaeY&ufukdykdí vQifvQifjrefjrefa&muf&Sd
vmaprnfhtaMumif;ukd owdjyKyg/ róJ 24;14 wGif ocifa,½Iurdrd\
wynfhawmfwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd avmuDEkdifiHt&yf&yf&Sd
orQwkdYü a[majymNyD;onfhtcsdefüom aemufqkH;aomumva&mufvm
rnf[k ajymcJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh þEkdifiHawmfESihf,SOfaom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd
vlrsKd;toD;oD;wkdYxHü oufaowpfcktjzpf a[majymcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ xkd
aemufrSom aemufqkH;aomumva&muf&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;rwkdifrDwGif NyD;ajrmufatmif
vkyfzkdY tvkyfwpfck&Sdonf/ EkdifiHawmfokdY 0ifa&mufvmMurnfh 0dnmOfrsm;
pGm&Sdaeao;onf/ aemufqkH;aom aeY&ufa&muf&Sdvmaeonfukd od&Sd
jcif;ESihftwl tjypf'kp½kdufü vrf;aysmufaeaomolrsm;ukd vufurf;u,f
wifí okd;tkyfxJokdY jyefvnf,laqmifvmMu&efrSm uREkfyfwkdY\wm0ef
jzpfonf/
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmhuwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmhuwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvmjcif;ukd arQmfvifhMuavmh
bk&m;ocif\ aeY&ufeD;uyfvmaejcif;ukd od&Sdxm;jcif;ESihftwl
uREkfyfwkdYü&Sdoifhonfh 'kwd,ajrmufwkefYjyefrIrSm uwdawmfrsm;jynfhpkHvm
jcif;ukd arQmfvifhí apmifhMunfhjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½dkufonf ajrmuf
jrm;pGmaom qif;&J'ku©ESihf emusifrIrsm;ukdjzpfapcJhonf/ 4if;onfuREkfyf
wkdY\ wuf<ujyif;xefrIESifh cGeftm;pGrf;tifrsm;ukd aysmufjy,foGm;apcJh
onf/ 4if;onf uREkfyfwkdYcspf&aomolrsm;ukd aojcif;tm;jzihf,laqmifoGm;
cJhonf/ 4if;onf0rf;enf;jcif; rsuf&nfrsm;ESihf pdwf'ku©a&mufjcif;rsm;ukd
jzpfapcJhonf/ txl;ojzihf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf 4if;onfjiif;y,fcH&
jcif;ESihf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;ukd jzpfapcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
368 369
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ay:xGef;rnfhaeY&uf eD;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf rkd;aumif;uif
opf? ajrBuD;opfwkdYESihf ,SOfaomuwdawmftay:ü pl;pkdufxm;Mu&rnf/
xkdtcsif;t&monf tHhzG,fESpfodrfhjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYü,laqmifvmay;yg
vdrfhrnf/ xkdaeY&ufwGif wkdif;EkdifiHwkdYrSm tcsif;csif;ppfrcif;Muawmhyg/
qkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;rsm;? [m&Dudef;rkefwkdif;rsm;? ajrivsifvIyfjcif;rsm;? tpm
acgif;yg;jcif;rsm; &yfwefYoGm;cJhMuygrnf/ xkdaumif;uifopfESihfajrBuD;opf
wGif ocifa,½Ionf av;pm;*kPfjyKjcif;ESihfwuG bkef;toa&ukd &&SdcJh
ygvdrfhrnf/ emusifrIrsm;ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;r&Sdawmhonfht&yfwGif olYukd
uREkfyfwkdYOD;csí jyyf0yfukd;uG,fcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ þaumif;uifopfESihf
ajrBuD;opfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif; pHtdrfjzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
aumif;uifopf? ajrBuD;opfESihf,SOfaom þuwdawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ESpfodrfhjcif;cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd ay;oihfonf/ þurÇma[mif;
wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wdkYukd cHMu&
rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;onftqkH;towfr[kwfyg/ xkdt&m\ tjcm;
wpfzufwGif aumif;uifopf? ajrBuD;opfü ocifa,½IESihftwl xm0&
&Sifoef&rnf[laom tHhzG,fuwdawmfjynfhpkHjcif;&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfhenf;wl xGef;vif;awmufyaeaomþ tem*wfukduREkfyf
tawG;\ A[kdtcsuftcsmae&müxm;&SdMu&rnf/
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwftnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwftnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
MuavmhMuavmh
MuavmhMuavmh
Muavmh
wwd,taejzihf? tcef;i,f 14 wGif wrefawmfayw½ku
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd arQmfvifh
apmifhpm;aeMuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwdkYonf tnpftaMu;uifpifí? tjypf
wifjcif;ESihfuif;um ocifbk&m;\a&SUawmfokdY Nidrf0yfpGma&mufzdkY tpGrf;
ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ygrnf/ ,kHMunfolwkdYonf npfnrf;jcif;? tjypf
&Sdjcif;wkdYESihf uif;vGwfMu&ygrnf/ þt&monf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIr&SdbJ
jzpfrvmEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf pnf;urf;&SdzdkYvkdtyfonf/ okdYaomf
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;onf olwkdYtay:ü
tvGefpdwf&Snfonf;cHaeaMumif;ukd today;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;xkdokdY pdwf&Snfonf;
cHaejcif;onf ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolrsm;u,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufzdkY jzpf
aMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iomtcsdefapmí <uqif;vmcJhvQif
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukdoduRrf;cGifh&&SdcJhMurnf
r[kwfyg/ owfrSwfxm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;tm; vkH;or®mw&m;ukd
oduRrf;vmonftxd ocifbk&;apmifhpm;aeygonf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; wref
awmfaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ñTefjycJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku bk&m;
ocifonf &SifaygvkukdeufeJaom ÓPfynmay;cJhNyD;ola&;om;xm;onfh
pmrsm;ukdbk&m;ocifu rIwfoGif;cJhaMumif; todtrSwfjyKcJhonf/ tcsKdU
aomolrsm;u &Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufrsm;onf em;vnfzkdYcJ,Of;onf[k
,kd;pGyfcJhMuNyD;? tcsKdUuvnf; &Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdt"dyÜg,f
arSmufvSefcJhMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl uREkfyfwkdYonf
toufwmukd ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tcsdefwkdif;
tqifoihfjzpfaeaom toufwmrsKd;jzihf &SifoefMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;ukd
&SifaygvkESihf &Sifayw½kwkdYtjynfht0oabmwlxm;Muonf/
370 371tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
ay:xGef;rnfhaeY&uf eD;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwkdYonf rkd;aumif;uif
opf? ajrBuD;opfwkdYESihf ,SOfaomuwdawmftay:ü pl;pkdufxm;Mu&rnf/
xkdtcsif;t&monf tHhzG,fESpfodrfhjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYü,laqmifvmay;yg
vdrfhrnf/ xkdaeY&ufwGif wkdif;EkdifiHwkdYrSm tcsif;csif;ppfrcif;Muawmhyg/
qkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;rsm;? [m&Dudef;rkefwkdif;rsm;? ajrivsifvIyfjcif;rsm;? tpm
acgif;yg;jcif;rsm; &yfwefYoGm;cJhMuygrnf/ xkdaumif;uifopfESihfajrBuD;opf
wGif ocifa,½Ionf av;pm;*kPfjyKjcif;ESihfwuG bkef;toa&ukd &&SdcJh
ygvdrfhrnf/ emusifrIrsm;ESihf qif;&J'ku©rsm;r&Sdawmhonfht&yfwGif olYukd
uREkfyfwkdYOD;csí jyyf0yfukd;uG,fcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ þaumif;uifopfESihf
ajrBuD;opfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif; pHtdrfjzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
aumif;uifopf? ajrBuD;opfESihf,SOfaom þuwdawmfonf
uREkfyfwkdYtm; ESpfodrfhjcif;cGeftm;opfrsm;ukd ay;oihfonf/ þurÇma[mif;
wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ppfaMumpkHprf;jcif;wdkYukd cHMu&
rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;onftqkH;towfr[kwfyg/ xkdt&m\ tjcm;
wpfzufwGif aumif;uifopf? ajrBuD;opfü ocifa,½IESihftwl xm0&
&Sifoef&rnf[laom tHhzG,fuwdawmfjynfhpkHjcif;&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;
jzpfMuonfhenf;wl xGef;vif;awmufyaeaomþ tem*wfukduREkfyf
tawG;\ A[kdtcsuftcsmae&müxm;&SdMu&rnf/
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwftnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwftnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
tnpftaMu;ESihfuif;pifrnfhtaMumif; tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
MuavmhMuavmh
MuavmhMuavmh
Muavmh
wwd,taejzihf? tcef;i,f 14 wGif wrefawmfayw½ku
,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpfESihf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd arQmfvifh
apmifhpm;aeMuonfESihftrQ uREkfyfwdkYonf tnpftaMu;uifpifí? tjypf
wifjcif;ESihfuif;um ocifbk&m;\a&SUawmfokdY Nidrf0yfpGma&mufzdkY tpGrf;
ukefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&ygrnf/ ,kHMunfolwkdYonf npfnrf;jcif;? tjypf
&Sdjcif;wkdYESihf uif;vGwfMu&ygrnf/ þt&monf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIr&SdbJ
jzpfrvmEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf pnf;urf;&SdzdkYvkdtyfonf/ okdYaomf
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;onf olwkdYtay:ü
tvGefpdwf&Snfonf;cHaeaMumif;ukd today;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifayw½ku ocifbk&m;xkdokdY pdwf&Snfonf;
cHaejcif;onf ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolrsm;u,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufzdkY jzpf
aMumif;a&;om;cJhonf/ ocifa,½Iomtcsdefapmí <uqif;vmcJhvQif
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukdoduRrf;cGifh&&SdcJhMurnf
r[kwfyg/ owfrSwfxm;aom,kHMunfolrsm;tm; vkH;or®mw&m;ukd
oduRrf;vmonftxd ocifbk&;apmifhpm;aeygonf/
tcef;i,f 6 wGif &Sifayw½kurdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; wref
awmfaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd ñTefjycJhonf/ &Sifayw½ku bk&m;
ocifonf &SifaygvkukdeufeJaom ÓPfynmay;cJhNyD;ola&;om;xm;onfh
pmrsm;ukdbk&m;ocifu rIwfoGif;cJhaMumif; todtrSwfjyKcJhonf/ tcsKdU
aomolrsm;u &Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufrsm;onf em;vnfzkdYcJ,Of;onf[k
,kd;pGyfcJhMuNyD;? tcsKdUuvnf; &Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdt"dyÜg,f
arSmufvSefcJhMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl uREkfyfwkdYonf
toufwmukd ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tcsdefwkdif;
tqifoihfjzpfaeaom toufwmrsKd;jzihf &SifoefMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;ukd
&SifaygvkESihf &Sifayw½kwkdYtjynfht0oabmwlxm;Muonf/
370 371tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
&Sif,mukyf ESihf &Sifayw½k yxr? 'kwd,pmapmif
&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; rSm;,Gif;aomrdpämq&m
wkdY\ aoG;aqmif&mokdY rvkdufrdzkdYESihf olwkdY&&Sdxm;onfh vkHNcHKpdwfcs&onfh
tajctaerS a&GUavsmhroGm;zkdY ukd,fhukd,fukdapmifha&SmufumuG,fMu&rnfh
taMumif;ajymcJhonf/ þae&mü &Sifayw½ajymjyaeonfh vkHNcHKpdwfcs&
onfhtajctae(wnfMunfjcif;)qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/ þusrf;abmif
tquftpyft&? vkHNcHKpdwfcs&aomtajctae(wnfMunfjcif;)qkdonfrSm
rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g'rsm;ukd qefYusifwkdufvSefjcif;ESihf wkduf½kdufqufpyf
aeygonf/ EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdcGeftm;&Sdjcif;
ESifh vkHNcHKpdwfcs&jcif;tajctaewGif xm;xm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf ewfqkd;\vSnfhjzm;jcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYfqefYusifwGef;
vSefEkdifonf/ ewfqkd;onf rdrd\tvdrftnmrsm;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYukdw&pyf
AkH;BuJwkdufckdufaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfhae&mü oGm;a&mufEkdifygo
enf;/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf vkHNcHKaomwyfqkwfae&m,lEkdifonfhwpfck
wnf;aomae&mrSm bk&m;ocifhEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;üjzpfonf/
or®musrf;pm\ or®mw&m;ukdpm;okH;jcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdYocifbk&m;
ESihftwlavQmufvSrf;jcif;wGif BuD;xGm;vmEkdifygonf/ EIwfuywfawmfü
bk&m;ocifcsjyxm;aom tajccHenf;Oya'orsm;ukd emcHvkdufavQmuf
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pmzwfy&dowfrsm;ukd todynmA[kokwESHYpyfí ocifbk&m;ü&J&ihfaom
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uREkfyfwkdYonf EIwfuywfawmfütcsdef,lMu&rnf/
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372 373tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
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toufwmüvnf;aumif; usKd;ausysufpD;oGm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
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oabmaygufí 4if;\or®mw&m;ukd emcHvkdufavQmuf&rnf/ uRekfyfwkdY\
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pmzwfy&dowfrsm;ukd todynmA[kokwESHYpyfí ocifbk&m;ü&J&ihfaom
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&Sifayw½ku rdrd\pmapmifukd rdrd\pmzwfy&dowfwkdYtm; ocif
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ocifc&pfawmftm; oduRrf;jcif;üBuD;xGm;wkd;yGm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ þod
uRrf;jcif;onf EIwfuywfawmfrSvnf;aumif;? wrefawmfwkdY\oGefoif
csufrsm;rSvnf;aumif; a&mufvmygonf/ bk&m;ocif\BuHtifvu©Pm
ESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd od&Sdem;vnfzkdY EIwfuywfawmfukd uREkfyfwkdYavhvm
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372 373tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
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ay;í jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd
oduRrf;jcif;ü aus;Zl;awmfukdvufcH&&Sd&ef uREkfyfwkdY\tpGrf;tpüvnf;
BuD;xGm;wkd;wufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ &ifhusufaom,kHMunfolqkdonfrSm
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onf/ xkduJhokdYaomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdulnDrp
ygapaomf ....
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pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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ajrBuD;opfwkdYESihf tpm;xkd;vdrfhrnf[k &Sifayw½kuaz:jycJhonf/
þtcsufrS rnfonfhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;csufukd oihf&&Sdygo
enf;/ oihftm;rnfonfh pdefac:csufrsKd;ukd ay;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocihf EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd vkHNcHK
pdwfcs&í cGeftm;&SdaomtajctaersKd;ü rnfokdYxm;&Sdygoenf;/
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wufMu&efrSm tb,fhtaMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
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opfESihf,SOfaom tHhzG,fuwdawmftwGuf ocifbk&m;ukd csD;rGrf;
zdkYtcsdef,lyg/
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wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdEIwfuywfawmftm; emcHvkdufavQmufí opöm
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ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
374 375tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
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ay;í jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;ukd &nfñTef;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd
oduRrf;jcif;ü aus;Zl;awmfukdvufcH&&Sd&ef uREkfyfwkdY\tpGrf;tpüvnf;
BuD;xGm;wkd;wufMu&rnfjzpfonf/ &ifhusufaom,kHMunfolqkdonfrSm
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Ekdifaomoljzpfonf/ olonfemrawmfjrwfü trIawmfaqmiftapcH&ef
twGufocifbk&m;ay;oem;xm;onfh pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ESihf cGeftm;ukd
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tm;Avü trIawmfaqmif&if; &SifoefEkdifpGrf;aomolrsm;ukd &SmBuHae&
onf/ xkduJhokdYaomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdY bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdulnDrp
ygapaomf ....
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf þurÇmajrBuD;ukdzsufqD;í aumif;uifopf?
ajrBuD;opfwkdYESihf tpm;xkd;vdrfhrnf[k &Sifayw½kuaz:jycJhonf/
þtcsufrS rnfonfhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;csufukd oihf&&Sdygo
enf;/ oihftm;rnfonfh pdefac:csufrsKd;ukd ay;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocihf EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukd vkHNcHK
pdwfcs&í cGeftm;&SdaomtajctaersKd;ü rnfokdYxm;&Sdygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfukd oduRrf;jcif;ü wkd;wufBuD;xGm;jcif;ESihf ocif
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csufrSm tb,fenf;/ xkdt&mESpfckvkH;ü uREkfyfwkdYBuD;xGm;wkd;
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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ocifbk&m;\taocHjcif;u tjypf'kp½kdufukd atmifEkdifcJhjcif;
twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ tjypf'kp½kduf r&SdawmhrnfhajrBuD;
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wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ xkdEIwfuywfawmftm; emcHvkdufavQmufí opöm
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ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
374 375tb,fokdYaomoljzpftHhonf
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;tzGJU (LTMP) onf
pmtkyfpmaya&;om;jyKpkjcif;ESihf jzefYjzL;jcif;omoemvkyfief;jzpfNyD;?
tm&S? vufwiftar&duESihf tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf
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aqmifrsm;pGmü or®musrf;pmoifwef;wuf&ef (okdY) olwkdY\omo
emvkyfief;twGuf or®musrf;pmavhvm&m üvkdtyfaomtaxmuf
tuljyKypönf;rsm;ukd0,f,lEkdif&efESihf ukd,fykdifavhvmrIrsm;twGuf
t&if;tjrpfrsm;r&SdMuyg/ F. Wayne Mac Lead onf Action In-
ternational Ministries \ tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfNyD;? olonfurÇmhw0Srf;
rStultnDvkdtyfaomoif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESihf c&pf,meftrIaqmif
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oifMum;jcif;ü4if;? {0Ha*vdvkyfief;rsm;ü4if;? cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
jcif;rsm;ü4if; tokH;cHvsuf&SdMuonf/ þpmtkyfwGJrsm;ü &Sdaeaom
pmtkyfrsm;tm; tdE´d,bmom? jyifopfbmom? pydefbmom? jrefrm
bmomESihf a[wD c&DtkdvJbmomwkdYjzihf jyefqkdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrSm c&pf,meftm;vkH;twGuf pmtkyftvkHtavmuf
&&SdEkdif&ef twwfEkdifqkH;jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzpfonf/
LTMP omoemvkyfief;onf ,kHMunfjcif;üwnfxm;aom
trIawmfjzpf onfhtm;avsmfpGm? urÇmw0Srf;&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tm;
cGeftm;ay;jcif;? EId;aqmfwkdufwGef; jcif;rsm;twGuf pmtkyfrsm;ukd
jzefYjzL;Ekdif&ef vkdtyfaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ociftm; ,kHMunfyHktyfxm;onf/ þpmtkyfrsm;tm; tjcm;
bmompum;jzihf jyefqkdjcif;twGuf4if;? þxufruykdíjzefYa0Ekdif&ef
twGuf4if; bk&m;ocifvrf;zGihfay;&ef oifqkawmif;ay;Ekdifyg
ovm;/
Light To My Path omoemvkyfie;fESihfpyfvsOf;aom
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukdodvkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ website jzpf
aom www.ltmp.ca. üavhvmedkifygonf/
jrefrmbmomjzihf jyefqkdxm;aom pmtkyfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
pkHprf;vkdvQif atmufygvdyfpmtwkdif; qufoG,fyg/
Light To My Path Myanmar
GPO Box 1021
Yangon, Myanmar.
Ph: 09779912305
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;
Light To My Path pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&;tzGJU (LTMP) onf
pmtkyfpmaya&;om;jyKpkjcif;ESihf jzefYjzL;jcif;omoemvkyfief;jzpfNyD;?
tm&S? vufwiftar&duESihf tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;&Sd vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESihf
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Light To My Path Myanmar
GPO Box 1021
Yangon, Myanmar.
Ph: 09779912305
