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ooooo
oufomavmedwfMo0g'pm
yxrapmif? 'kwd,apmif
ESifh
wdarmaoMo0g'pm
yxrapmif? 'kwd,apmif
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh
wdarmaowkdYxHokdYa&;ykdYcJhaom
&Sifaygvk\pmapmifrsm;ukd qifjcifavhvmjcif;
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
LIGHT TO MY PATH BOOK DISTRIBUTION
Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, CANADA
rmwdum
pum;csD;........................................4
1/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pHerlemwpfck...................6
2/ wrefawmfwkdY\trIawmfjrwf .....................16
3/ &Sifaygvk\0rf;ajrmufjcif; .......................29
4/ wdarmaoxHrSowif;pum; ......................36
5/ omíwkd;yGm;&ifhusufjcif; ........................48
6/ csDaqmifjcif; ...............................60
7/ tjrJwrf;toifhjyifxm;jcif; ......................65
8/ edd*kH;csKyfrSwfcsufrsm; ...........................75
9/ a&muf&SdvmrnfhESpfodrfhp&mtaMumif; .................89
10/ w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl ..........................99
11/ tvkyfrvkyfvkdolrsm;ukd owdxm;&rnfhtaMumif; .........111
12/ wdarmao\omoemhwm0ef .....................121
13/ &Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf ......................132
14/ tvkd&Sdonf-qkawmif;olrsm; .....................142
15/ trsKd;orD;rsm;xHokdYtrSmpm ......................150
16/ oif;tkyfrsm; ..............................162
17/ oif;axmufrsm; ............................179
18/ bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;\eufeJrIY ..................188
19/ vSnfhjzm;wwfaom0dnmOfqkd;rsm; ..................197
ouf
ooooo
oufomavmedwfMo0g'pm
yxrapmif? 'kwd,apmif
ESifh
wdarmaoMo0g'pm
yxrapmif? 'kwd,apmif
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh
wdarmaowkdYxHokdYa&;ykdYcJhaom
&Sifaygvk\pmapmifrsm;ukd qifjcifavhvmjcif;
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf) 0def; rufvD,kd'fh
LIGHT TO MY PATH BOOK DISTRIBUTION
Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, CANADA
rmwdum
pum;csD;........................................4
1/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pHerlemwpfck...................6
2/ wrefawmfwkdY\trIawmfjrwf .....................16
3/ &Sifaygvk\0rf;ajrmufjcif; .......................29
4/ wdarmaoxHrSowif;pum; ......................36
5/ omíwkd;yGm;&ifhusufjcif; ........................48
6/ csDaqmifjcif; ...............................60
7/ tjrJwrf;toifhjyifxm;jcif; ......................65
8/ edd*kH;csKyfrSwfcsufrsm; ...........................75
9/ a&muf&SdvmrnfhESpfodrfhp&mtaMumif; .................89
10/ w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl ..........................99
11/ tvkyfrvkyfvkdolrsm;ukd owdxm;&rnfhtaMumif; .........111
12/ wdarmao\omoemhwm0ef .....................121
13/ &Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf ......................132
14/ tvkd&Sdonf-qkawmif;olrsm; .....................142
15/ trsKd;orD;rsm;xHokdYtrSmpm ......................150
16/ oif;tkyfrsm; ..............................162
17/ oif;axmufrsm; ............................179
18/ bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;\eufeJrIY ..................188
19/ vSnfhjzm;wwfaom0dnmOfqkd;rsm; ..................197
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20/ bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;twGufusifhMuHrYI ..............206
21/ rkqkd;rrsm; ................................217
22/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm; .........................227
23/ aus;uRefrsm; ..............................236
24/ rdpämq&mrsm; ..............................246
25/ wdarmaoxHokdYtrSmpum; .....................254
26/ &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdESifh ........................266
27/ ppfol&Jrsm;? tm;upm;orm;rsm;? v,fvkyfolrsm; .........281
28/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif; ........289
29/ jrihfjrwfaomtokH;cHwefqm ......................299
30/ tvGefcJ,Of;aomumv ........................310
31/ n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESifhEIwfuywfawmf ...............320
32/ wdarmaotm;tyfESif;aomwm0ef .................330
33/ ighxHokdYvmyg ..............................336
pum;csD;
oufomavmedwfMo0g' yxrESifh'kwd,apmifonf oufomavmedwf
NrdKU(rsufarSmufacwf*&dEkdifiH)&Sdtoif;awmfrS n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;tv,fü
a&muf&SdaeMuaom ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;ESpfodrfhcGeftm;ay;&eftwGuf a&;om;cJh
aompmapmifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þpmapmifwGifocifa,½I jyefvnfqif;<uvm
rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom ,kHMunfolwkdYrSar;jref;cJhcsufrsm;ukd &Sifaygvku
txl;vdyfrlía&;om;xm;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYonf 4if;wkdY
&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&onfh tcuftcJrsm;Mum;üyif 4if;wkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usif
teD;tem;&Sd tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;twGufarQmfvifhjcif;t&mü4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;
t&mü4if;? cspfjcif;t&mü4if;ykHOyrmaumif;rsm;tjzpf &yfwnf&SifoefcJhMuonf/
olwkdY\ykHoufaoaumif;rsm;twGuf &SifaygvkucsD;usL;pum;qkdcJhaomfvnf;
ocifc&pfawmfüþxufru ykdíwkd;yGm;&ifhusufvmMu&eftwGufvnf; pdefac:
cJhonf/ 'kwd,pmapmifwGif &Sifaygvkonf ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vm
csdefukdapmifhpm;onfhtaejzifh tvkyfrvkyfawmhaom tjcm;olrsm;tay:ürSDckd
aeMuaom,kHMunfolrsm;ukd twlvdyfrlía&;om;qkH;rxm;onf/
wdarmaoxHokdYa&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonfh &Sifaygvk\pmapmifrsm;rSmrlum;
touft&G,ftm;jzihf Eke,faeaomoif;tkyfwdarmaotm; oGefoifqkH;r&if;
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGufa&;om; cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ wrefawmfaygvkonf
wdarmaotm;oif;tkyf? oif;axmufwkdY\ t*Fgt&nftcsif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í4if;?
ta&twGuftm;jzihfwkd;yGm;vsuf&Sdaom rkqkd;rrsm;ukdrnfokdYulnD apmifha&Smuf&
rnfhta&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í 4if;ponfhtaxGaxGaomtaMumif; t&mrsm;twGuf
tMuHjyKoGefoifay;cJhonf/ rdrdoGefoifay;cJhaom or®mw&m;tay:ü rm;rm;&yf
NyD;xkdor®mw&m;ukdumuG,f&ef wdarmaotm;zcifwpfOD;rS rdrd\om;tm;
a&;om;ay;ykdYonfhtcg &SifaygvkucGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;a&;om;cJhonf/
ouf
ooooo
20/ bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½Idif;jcif;twGufusifhMuHrYI ..............206
21/ rkqkd;rrsm; ................................217
22/ toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm; .........................227
23/ aus;uRefrsm; ..............................236
24/ rdpämq&mrsm; ..............................246
25/ wdarmaoxHokdYtrSmpum; .....................254
26/ &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdESifh ........................266
27/ ppfol&Jrsm;? tm;upm;orm;rsm;? v,fvkyfolrsm; .........281
28/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif; ........289
29/ jrihfjrwfaomtokH;cHwefqm ......................299
30/ tvGefcJ,Of;aomumv ........................310
31/ n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESifhEIwfuywfawmf ...............320
32/ wdarmaotm;tyfESif;aomwm0ef .................330
33/ ighxHokdYvmyg ..............................336
pum;csD;
oufomavmedwfMo0g' yxrESifh'kwd,apmifonf oufomavmedwf
NrdKU(rsufarSmufacwf*&dEkdifiH)&Sdtoif;awmfrS n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;tv,fü
a&muf&SdaeMuaom ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;ESpfodrfhcGeftm;ay;&eftwGuf a&;om;cJh
aompmapmifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þpmapmifwGifocifa,½I jyefvnfqif;<uvm
rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom ,kHMunfolwkdYrSar;jref;cJhcsufrsm;ukd &Sifaygvku
txl;vdyfrlía&;om;xm;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYonf 4if;wkdY
&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&onfh tcuftcJrsm;Mum;üyif 4if;wkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usif
teD;tem;&Sd tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;twGufarQmfvifhjcif;t&mü4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;
t&mü4if;? cspfjcif;t&mü4if;ykHOyrmaumif;rsm;tjzpf &yfwnf&SifoefcJhMuonf/
olwkdY\ykHoufaoaumif;rsm;twGuf &SifaygvkucsD;usL;pum;qkdcJhaomfvnf;
ocifc&pfawmfüþxufru ykdíwkd;yGm;&ifhusufvmMu&eftwGufvnf; pdefac:
cJhonf/ 'kwd,pmapmifwGif &Sifaygvkonf ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vm
csdefukdapmifhpm;onfhtaejzifh tvkyfrvkyfawmhaom tjcm;olrsm;tay:ürSDckd
aeMuaom,kHMunfolrsm;ukd twlvdyfrlía&;om;qkH;rxm;onf/
wdarmaoxHokdYa&;om;ay;ykdYcJhonfh &Sifaygvk\pmapmifrsm;rSmrlum;
touft&G,ftm;jzihf Eke,faeaomoif;tkyfwdarmaotm; oGefoifqkH;r&if;
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGufa&;om; cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ wrefawmfaygvkonf
wdarmaotm;oif;tkyf? oif;axmufwkdY\ t*Fgt&nftcsif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í4if;?
ta&twGuftm;jzihfwkd;yGm;vsuf&Sdaom rkqkd;rrsm;ukdrnfokdYulnD apmifha&Smuf&
rnfhta&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í 4if;ponfhtaxGaxGaomtaMumif; t&mrsm;twGuf
tMuHjyKoGefoifay;cJhonf/ rdrdoGefoifay;cJhaom or®mw&m;tay:ü rm;rm;&yf
NyD;xkdor®mw&m;ukdumuG,f&ef wdarmaotm;zcifwpfOD;rS rdrd\om;tm;
a&;om;ay;ykdYonfhtcg &SifaygvkucGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;a&;om;cJhonf/
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þtcef;qufavhvmrIwGifyg&Sdaom usrf;pmapmifESifhwuG&Sif;vif;csuf
rsm;ygaom þor®musrf;pmtzGifh#Dumonf tcsdefwkdtwGif;üwpfcgwnf;
tNyD;jywfzwf½I&efr&nf&G,fxm;yg/ pmzwfoltm;ol(okdY)olr\tcsdefukd,lí
ESHYESHYpyfpyfzwf½IygrnfhtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdufwGef;vkdygonf/ bk&m;ocifhEIwf
uywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukdem;vnfoabmaygufí toufwmüvufawGY
tokH;csí &Sifoef&efbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;
avQmufyg/ þtzGifh#Dumusrf;onf vrf;ñTefpmtkyfwpftkyfrQomjzpfNyD;
4if;onfoifhtm;or®mw&m;qDokdYom vrf;jyoGm;rnfr[kwf? xkdor®mw&m;ukd
toufwmtm;ajymif;vJay;aomtajctae txdvufawGYtokH;cs&SifoefEkdif
&efvnf;ulnDay;ygrnf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\EIwf
uywfawmfukdoifhtm;vSpf[jyojcif;jzihf þpmtkyfukdtokH;jyK&ef auseyftm;&
ygapaomf/ or®musrf;pm&Sdta&;ygaom þusrf;pmapmifrsm;ukdavhvm
&efoiftcsdef,lrItay:ü bk&m;ocifrS<u,f0pGmaumif;csD;csay;ygapaomf/
þtcef;qufavhvmrI&Sd tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;ESifhtwl þpmtkyfonfEkdifiH
(40)ausmfü ocifukd,fawmfjrwf\ trIawmfüyg0ifaeMuaomoif;tkyf?
c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;ESifh omref,kHMunfolrsm;\vufxJwGifa&muf&Sd
vmygawmhrnf/ þpmtkyfa&muf&Sdonfhae&mwkdif;wGif bk&m;ocifurdrd\EkdifiH
awmfus,fjyefYwkd;yGm;ap&eftokH;jyKzdkY auseyftm;&awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;uREkfyf
ESifhtwlqkawmif;ay;yg/
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
1
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pHerlemwpfck
1 ouf 1;1-10 ukdzwfyg/
wrefawmf&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\'kwd,tBudrfomoemhc&D;pOfwGif
oufomavmedwfNrdKUBuD;ü rnfokdYaexkdifcJhaMumif;ukd wrefawmf(17)wGifuREkfyfwkdY
zwf½IMu&onf/ rdrdvkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmftwGuf &SifaygvkvufcH&&SdcJh
aomwkefYjyefrIrSmodrfraumif;cJhyg/ &Sifaygvk\a[mMum;csufonf NrdKUaevlxk
BuD;ukdpdwftaESmifht,Sufay;cJhaomaMumifh toufab;rSvGwfajrmuf&ef xkdNrdKU&Sd
,kHMunfolrsm;uulnDay;cJh&onf(wrefawmf 17;1-10)/ þokdYaom cufcJMurf;
wrf;onfhc&D;tptOD;rsm;tMum;üyif bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfrSmtrIawmf
ukdvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifaecJh&m toif;awmfwpfyg;zGm;jrifvmNyD; wkd;wuf&Sifoef
cJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\enf;pepfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\enfpepfESifhrwlyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGif tBudrfrnfrQus½IH;cJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ oufomavm
edwfNrdKUol? NrdKUom;rsm;u rdrd\a[mMum;csufukd jiif;y,fcJhMuaMumif;ukdod&Sd&NyD;
aemuf xkdNrdKUukdpGefYcGmoGm;csdefü &SifaygvkcHpm;&rnfht&mukdomuREkfyfpdwful;Munfh
rdygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocif½IjrifokH;oyfykHrSmuGJjym;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjrifü
us½IH;jcif;[k½IjrifcH&onfht&mrsm;ukd aumif;usKd;tvkdYiSm bk&m;ociftokH;jyK
Ekdifygonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUü toif;awmfwpfyg;ukdwnfaxmifcJh½kHomru
xkdtoif;awmfonf teD;tem;ygwf0ef;usif&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGufxda&mufrI
&Sdaom pHerlemaumif;vnf;jzpfcJhonf/
þpmapmifonf &Sifaygvk? oDvESifhwdavaowkdYxHrS a&muf&Sdvmaom
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þtcef;qufavhvmrIwGifyg&Sdaom usrf;pmapmifESifhwuG&Sif;vif;csuf
rsm;ygaom þor®musrf;pmtzGifh#Dumonf tcsdefwkdtwGif;üwpfcgwnf;
tNyD;jywfzwf½I&efr&nf&G,fxm;yg/ pmzwfoltm;ol(okdY)olr\tcsdefukd,lí
ESHYESHYpyfpyfzwf½IygrnfhtaMumif; uREkfyfwkdufwGef;vkdygonf/ bk&m;ocifhEIwf
uywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ukdem;vnfoabmaygufí toufwmüvufawGY
tokH;csí &Sifoef&efbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmftm; ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;
avQmufyg/ þtzGifh#Dumusrf;onf vrf;ñTefpmtkyfwpftkyfrQomjzpfNyD;
4if;onfoifhtm;or®mw&m;qDokdYom vrf;jyoGm;rnfr[kwf? xkdor®mw&m;ukd
toufwmtm;ajymif;vJay;aomtajctae txdvufawGYtokH;cs&SifoefEkdif
&efvnf;ulnDay;ygrnf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfygonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\EIwf
uywfawmfukdoifhtm;vSpf[jyojcif;jzihf þpmtkyfukdtokH;jyK&ef auseyftm;&
ygapaomf/ or®musrf;pm&Sdta&;ygaom þusrf;pmapmifrsm;ukdavhvm
&efoiftcsdef,lrItay:ü bk&m;ocifrS<u,f0pGmaumif;csD;csay;ygapaomf/
þtcef;qufavhvmrI&Sd tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;ESifhtwl þpmtkyfonfEkdifiH
(40)ausmfü ocifukd,fawmfjrwf\ trIawmfüyg0ifaeMuaomoif;tkyf?
c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;ESifh omref,kHMunfolrsm;\vufxJwGifa&muf&Sd
vmygawmhrnf/ þpmtkyfa&muf&Sdonfhae&mwkdif;wGif bk&m;ocifurdrd\EkdifiH
awmfus,fjyefYwkd;yGm;ap&eftokH;jyKzdkY auseyftm;&awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;uREkfyf
ESifhtwlqkawmif;ay;yg/
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fhtuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
tuf(zf)0def;rufvD,kd'fh
1
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pHerlemwpfck
1 ouf 1;1-10 ukdzwfyg/
wrefawmf&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\'kwd,tBudrfomoemhc&D;pOfwGif
oufomavmedwfNrdKUBuD;ü rnfokdYaexkdifcJhaMumif;ukd wrefawmf(17)wGifuREkfyfwkdY
zwf½IMu&onf/ rdrdvkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmftwGuf &SifaygvkvufcH&&SdcJh
aomwkefYjyefrIrSmodrfraumif;cJhyg/ &Sifaygvk\a[mMum;csufonf NrdKUaevlxk
BuD;ukdpdwftaESmifht,Sufay;cJhaomaMumifh toufab;rSvGwfajrmuf&ef xkdNrdKU&Sd
,kHMunfolrsm;uulnDay;cJh&onf(wrefawmf 17;1-10)/ þokdYaom cufcJMurf;
wrf;onfhc&D;tptOD;rsm;tMum;üyif bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfrSmtrIawmf
ukdvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifaecJh&m toif;awmfwpfyg;zGm;jrifvmNyD; wkd;wuf&Sifoef
cJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\enf;pepfrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\enfpepfESifhrwlyg/ uREkfyfwkdY
BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;wGif tBudrfrnfrQus½IH;cJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ oufomavm
edwfNrdKUol? NrdKUom;rsm;u rdrd\a[mMum;csufukd jiif;y,fcJhMuaMumif;ukdod&Sd&NyD;
aemuf xkdNrdKUukdpGefYcGmoGm;csdefü &SifaygvkcHpm;&rnfht&mukdomuREkfyfpdwful;Munfh
rdygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocif½IjrifokH;oyfykHrSmuGJjym;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjrifü
us½IH;jcif;[k½IjrifcH&onfht&mrsm;ukd aumif;usKd;tvkdYiSm bk&m;ociftokH;jyK
Ekdifygonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUü toif;awmfwpfyg;ukdwnfaxmifcJh½kHomru
xkdtoif;awmfonf teD;tem;ygwf0ef;usif&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGufxda&mufrI
&Sdaom pHerlemaumif;vnf;jzpfcJhonf/
þpmapmifonf &Sifaygvk? oDvESifhwdavaowkdYxHrS a&muf&Sdvmaom
ouf
ooooo
pmapmifjzpfonf(i,f? 1)/ olwkdYonf oufomavmedwftoif;awmftm; vdyfrl
ay;ykdYcJhMuonf/ þtoif;awmfonf tzbk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYü
wnfaomtoif;awmfjzpfaMumif; &SifaygvkrSajymMum;xm;csufukdtcef;i,f(1)
wGifowdjyKyg/ þtoif;awmf&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tdrfom;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ESifhukd;pm;rIrsm;onf tzbk&m;ocifESifhom;
awmfocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYüom&Sdaeygonf/
&SifaygvkrS oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdYonf4if;wkdY\
trnfrsm;tm; qkawmif;&müazmfjyí? 4if;wkdYtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdtpOf
aus;Zl;wifaeMuaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ rdrdomoemjyKaeaomolwkdYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;jcif;onf wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ vkyfaeust&mjzpfonf/
þtcsufonf omoemjyKjcif;\ta&;BuD;aom tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/
olonfrnfonfht&yfa'oukdrqkda&mufaeygap þ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
qkawmif;ay;EkdifcJhonf/
tcef;i,f(2)ü ]]oifwkdYtaygif;ukdtaMumif;jyKojzihf}} [laomtokH;
tEIef;udk &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufrSm tvGefjyif;xefcJhaomtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ þusrf;
ykd'fwGifrl&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdqkawmif;&mü
olwkdYtaygif;ukdtaMumif;jyKí omrefazmfjycJhaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ þokdYqkd
&mü olwkdYtwGufjyKvkyfaom&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;oHrsm;onftenf;i,fom
ta&;ygonf[krqkdvkdyg/ wpfcgwpf&Hü uREkfyfwkdYtpGrf;aqmifEkdifqkH;t&mrSm
uREkfyfwkdY\rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh cspf&aomolwkdYukdowd&í olwdkYtwGufbk&m;ocifukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;um vufawmfxJokdYqufuyftyfcJhjcif;omjzpfonf/ þuJhokdY
aomfqkawmif;oHrsm;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifem;qifvsuf&Sdaeygonf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tv,fü ysHUESHYvsuf&SdaomoefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukd
vGefpGmaus;Zl;wifvsuf&SdaecJhygonf/ tzbk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½IwkdY\vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkuazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYtv,f&Sdbk&m;
0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifcsufukdvnf;azmfjyxm;onf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSm trsKd;rsKd;aomenf;vrf;rsm;tm;jzihf oufaownf
vsuf&Sdonf/ aemufqufwGJusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif oufomavmedwftoif;awmfü
bk&m;0dnmOfawmfrSvkyfaqmifcJhonfh t&mrsm;ukd &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm;rQa0
xm;onf/
,kHMunfaompdwfESifhusihfaomolwkdY\tusifh(i,f? 3)
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ,kHMunfaompdwfESifhusifh
aom 4if;wkdY\tusifhtwGuf bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfarSmufütpOfatmufarhvsuf
&SdaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ vkyfaqmifrItm;vkH;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifhxGufay:vmMu
onfr[kwfyg/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomvkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;ürwnf
bJ? vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwGifomtajcwnfaeMuonf/ vkyfaqmifrIwpfckonf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaomtcg 4if;onfbk&m;0dnmOfawmf\
qifhac:jcif;ESifh vrf;jyjcif;wkdYukdemcHjcif;ü tjrpfwnfaecJhNyDjzpfonf/ ,kHMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh tusifhukdusifhaomolwkdYonf Zmwdyuwdü4if;? rdrdwkdY\ukd,fykdif
t,ltqrsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;ü4if;taojzpfaeMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif
\vrf;jyrIESifhtpGrf;ay;rIwkdYwGifom rSDckdtm;xm;aeMuonf/ oufomavmedwf
« 8 »« 7 »
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pmapmifjzpfonf(i,f? 1)/ olwkdYonf oufomavmedwftoif;awmftm; vdyfrl
ay;ykdYcJhMuonf/ þtoif;awmfonf tzbk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYü
wnfaomtoif;awmfjzpfaMumif; &SifaygvkrSajymMum;xm;csufukdtcef;i,f(1)
wGifowdjyKyg/ þtoif;awmf&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tdrfom;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ESifhukd;pm;rIrsm;onf tzbk&m;ocifESifhom;
awmfocifa,½Ic&pfwkdYüom&Sdaeygonf/
&SifaygvkrS oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdYonf4if;wkdY\
trnfrsm;tm; qkawmif;&müazmfjyí? 4if;wkdYtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdtpOf
aus;Zl;wifaeMuaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ rdrdomoemjyKaeaomolwkdYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;jcif;onf wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ vkyfaeust&mjzpfonf/
þtcsufonf omoemjyKjcif;\ta&;BuD;aom tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/
olonfrnfonfht&yfa'oukdrqkda&mufaeygap þ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
qkawmif;ay;EkdifcJhonf/
tcef;i,f(2)ü ]]oifwkdYtaygif;ukdtaMumif;jyKojzihf}} [laomtokH;
tEIef;udk &SifaygvktokH;jyKxm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/ ,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufrSm tvGefjyif;xefcJhaomtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhygonf/ þusrf;
ykd'fwGifrl&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdqkawmif;&mü
olwkdYtaygif;ukdtaMumif;jyKí omrefazmfjycJhaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ þokdYqkd
&mü olwkdYtwGufjyKvkyfaom&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;oHrsm;onftenf;i,fom
ta&;ygonf[krqkdvkdyg/ wpfcgwpf&Hü uREkfyfwkdYtpGrf;aqmifEkdifqkH;t&mrSm
uREkfyfwkdY\rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh cspf&aomolwkdYukdowd&í olwdkYtwGufbk&m;ocifukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;um vufawmfxJokdYqufuyftyfcJhjcif;omjzpfonf/ þuJhokdY
aomfqkawmif;oHrsm;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocifem;qifvsuf&Sdaeygonf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;tv,fü ysHUESHYvsuf&SdaomoefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukd
vGefpGmaus;Zl;wifvsuf&SdaecJhygonf/ tzbk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½IwkdY\vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkuazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYtv,f&Sdbk&m;
0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifcsufukdvnf;azmfjyxm;onf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSm trsKd;rsKd;aomenf;vrf;rsm;tm;jzihf oufaownf
vsuf&Sdonf/ aemufqufwGJusrf;ykd'frsm;wGif oufomavmedwftoif;awmfü
bk&m;0dnmOfawmfrSvkyfaqmifcJhonfh t&mrsm;ukd &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm;rQa0
xm;onf/
,kHMunfaompdwfESifhusihfaomolwkdY\tusifh(i,f? 3)
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ,kHMunfaompdwfESifhusifh
aom 4if;wkdY\tusifhtwGuf bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfarSmufütpOfatmufarhvsuf
&SdaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ vkyfaqmifrItm;vkH;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifhxGufay:vmMu
onfr[kwfyg/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomvkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;ürwnf
bJ? vlYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwGifomtajcwnfaeMuonf/ vkyfaqmifrIwpfckonf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf jzpfwnfvmaomtcg 4if;onfbk&m;0dnmOfawmf\
qifhac:jcif;ESifh vrf;jyjcif;wkdYukdemcHjcif;ü tjrpfwnfaecJhNyDjzpfonf/ ,kHMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh tusifhukdusifhaomolwkdYonf Zmwdyuwdü4if;? rdrdwkdY\ukd,fykdif
t,ltqrsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;ü4if;taojzpfaeMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif
\vrf;jyrIESifhtpGrf;ay;rIwkdYwGifom rSDckdtm;xm;aeMuonf/ oufomavmedwf
« 8 »« 7 »
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NrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf xkdtcsufukdem;vnfxm;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdY
ukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifaeNyD; olwkdYtv,füvnf; vIyf&Sm;vsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdY
uvnf;bk&m;ocif\OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIukd emcHvkdufavQmufMuNyD; bk&m;
ocif\cGeftm;AvESifh OmPfynmukdrSDckdtm;xm;aecJhMuonf/ &v'ftaejzihf
olwkdY\tv,fü BuD;rm;xif&Sm;aomt&mrsm; jzpfysufaecJhMuonf/
cspfaompdwfESifhjyKvkyfaomolwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI(i,f? 3)
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukdtaemufrSvIHY
aqmfwGef;ykdYaeaomt&mrSmcspfjcif;arwåmjzpfonf/ olwkdYtxJüjynfhvQHpGmpD;qif;
aeaom ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmESifhtwl teD;tem;ywf0ef;usif&Sdvlrsm;
txHokdYvufvSrf;í trIawmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\*kPfyumoe(okdY)trsm;
\todtrSwfjyKcH&jcif;wkdY\ wGef;ykdYaphaqmfrIaMumifh þtrIukdaqmifcJhMuonf
r[kwfyg/ ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmonf olwkdYtxJütvGefxufjrwfoefrm
aeaomaMumifhom olwpfyg;xHüxkdokdYvufvSrf;í trIawmfaqmifEkdifcJhMujcif;
jzpfonf/ cufcJMurf;wrf;aomtcsdefrsm;wGif vkdtyfaomMuHhckdifrI? ZGJ? vkHYvukd
þcspfjcif;arwåmu yHhykd;vIYHaqmfay;cJhonf/
arQmfvifhaompdwfrS vIYHaqmfay;aomolwkdY\wnfMunfrI(i,f? 3)
bk&m;ociftxHütapcHjcif;onf tjrJwrf;vG,fulaeonfht&m
awmhr[kwfyg/ þ,kHMunfolrsmtaejzifhvufavsmht&IH;ay;csifcJhrnfh tcsdefrsm;
pGm&SdcJhygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usifuvnf; olwdkYudktjrJwrf; awmh
vufcHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf&efolrsm;txHrS4if;? ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYtxHrS4if;?
ywf0ef;usifteD; tem;&Sdtjcm;olxHrS4if; wkdufckdufjcif;ukdcHcJhMuaomfvnf;
vufavsmht½IH;ray;cJhMuyg/ ocifa,½IüykdifqkdifcJhMuaomt&mukd4if;? ocif
a,½Iqif;<uvmcJhonfhtaMumif;ukd4if; olwkdYtpOfowd&vsuf&SdMuonf/
þavmuBuD;onf olwkdY\ppfrSefaomtdrfawmfr[kwfaMumif;ukd4if;?
xkdxufBuD; us,fcrf;em;aomt&mukd ocifa,½Iujyifqifay;aeonf [laom
tcsufukd4if; olwkdYaumif;aumif;em;vnfoabmaygufwwfMuonf/ aojcif;
w&m;qkdonfrSm ocifa,½I\rsufarSmufawmfokdY 0ifa&mufEkdifrnfhvrf; jzpf
aMumif;ukdolwkdY owd&aeMuonf/ olwkdYonf þavmupnf;pdrfrsm;
ukdvkdufpm;jcif;ausmhuGif;ü ausmhrdjcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ olwkdY\pdwftm½kHrsm;udk
txufaumif;uifESifh ocifa,½ItxHüompl;pkdufxm;cJhMuonf/ cufcJ
aomtcsdefrsm;wGifa&SUwkd;NyD; avQmufvSrf;Ekdif&ef þtcsufrsm;u owådcGeftm;
rsm;ukday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvku,kHMunfolwkdYtm;4if;wkdYukd bk&m;ocifu
a&G;aumufawmfrlNyD; cspfawmfrlonfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ oufomavm
edwfNrdKU&SdolwkdYtxHokdY owif;aumif;w&m;rnfokdYa&muf&SdvmcJhonfh taMumif;
ukdvnf; olwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;ajymjycJhonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;onf
olwkdYtxHokdY a[mjyoGefoifjcif;pum;vkH;rsm;taejzihfom a&muf&SdcJhonf
r[kwfyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;onf 4if;\aemufuG,fü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmfESifha&muf&SdvmNyD; eufeJaomem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;rsm;
ukdjzpfapcJhonf/ tjcm;pum;vkH;rsm;jzifhqkd&vQif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfonf
þa'ookdYa&muf&SdvmpOfu bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf tvGefwefckd;ygxd
a&mufaomenf;vrf;jzifhvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGif bk&m;
« 10 »« 9 »
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NrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf xkdtcsufukdem;vnfxm;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdY
ukdvrf;jyOD;aqmifaeNyD; olwkdYtv,füvnf; vIyf&Sm;vsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdY
uvnf;bk&m;ocif\OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIukd emcHvkdufavQmufMuNyD; bk&m;
ocif\cGeftm;AvESifh OmPfynmukdrSDckdtm;xm;aecJhMuonf/ &v'ftaejzihf
olwkdY\tv,fü BuD;rm;xif&Sm;aomt&mrsm; jzpfysufaecJhMuonf/
cspfaompdwfESifhjyKvkyfaomolwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI(i,f? 3)
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukdtaemufrSvIHY
aqmfwGef;ykdYaeaomt&mrSmcspfjcif;arwåmjzpfonf/ olwkdYtxJüjynfhvQHpGmpD;qif;
aeaom ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmESifhtwl teD;tem;ywf0ef;usif&Sdvlrsm;
txHokdYvufvSrf;í trIawmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\*kPfyumoe(okdY)trsm;
\todtrSwfjyKcH&jcif;wkdY\ wGef;ykdYaphaqmfrIaMumifh þtrIukdaqmifcJhMuonf
r[kwfyg/ ocifa,½I\cspfjcif;arwåmonf olwkdYtxJütvGefxufjrwfoefrm
aeaomaMumifhom olwpfyg;xHüxkdokdYvufvSrf;í trIawmfaqmifEkdifcJhMujcif;
jzpfonf/ cufcJMurf;wrf;aomtcsdefrsm;wGif vkdtyfaomMuHhckdifrI? ZGJ? vkHYvukd
þcspfjcif;arwåmu yHhykd;vIYHaqmfay;cJhonf/
arQmfvifhaompdwfrS vIYHaqmfay;aomolwkdY\wnfMunfrI(i,f? 3)
bk&m;ociftxHütapcHjcif;onf tjrJwrf;vG,fulaeonfht&m
awmhr[kwfyg/ þ,kHMunfolrsmtaejzifhvufavsmht&IH;ay;csifcJhrnfh tcsdefrsm;
pGm&SdcJhygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usifuvnf; olwdkYudktjrJwrf; awmh
vufcHcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf&efolrsm;txHrS4if;? ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYtxHrS4if;?
ywf0ef;usifteD; tem;&Sdtjcm;olxHrS4if; wkdufckdufjcif;ukdcHcJhMuaomfvnf;
vufavsmht½IH;ray;cJhMuyg/ ocifa,½IüykdifqkdifcJhMuaomt&mukd4if;? ocif
a,½Iqif;<uvmcJhonfhtaMumif;ukd4if; olwkdYtpOfowd&vsuf&SdMuonf/
þavmuBuD;onf olwkdY\ppfrSefaomtdrfawmfr[kwfaMumif;ukd4if;?
xkdxufBuD; us,fcrf;em;aomt&mukd ocifa,½Iujyifqifay;aeonf [laom
tcsufukd4if; olwkdYaumif;aumif;em;vnfoabmaygufwwfMuonf/ aojcif;
w&m;qkdonfrSm ocifa,½I\rsufarSmufawmfokdY 0ifa&mufEkdifrnfhvrf; jzpf
aMumif;ukdolwkdY owd&aeMuonf/ olwkdYonf þavmupnf;pdrfrsm;
ukdvkdufpm;jcif;ausmhuGif;ü ausmhrdjcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ olwkdY\pdwftm½kHrsm;udk
txufaumif;uifESifh ocifa,½ItxHüompl;pkdufxm;cJhMuonf/ cufcJ
aomtcsdefrsm;wGifa&SUwkd;NyD; avQmufvSrf;Ekdif&ef þtcsufrsm;u owådcGeftm;
rsm;ukday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvku,kHMunfolwkdYtm;4if;wkdYukd bk&m;ocifu
a&G;aumufawmfrlNyD; cspfawmfrlonfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjycJhonf/ oufomavm
edwfNrdKU&SdolwkdYtxHokdY owif;aumif;w&m;rnfokdYa&muf&SdvmcJhonfh taMumif;
ukdvnf; olwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;ajymjycJhonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;onf
olwkdYtxHokdY a[mjyoGefoifjcif;pum;vkH;rsm;taejzihfom a&muf&SdcJhonf
r[kwfyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;onf 4if;\aemufuG,fü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmf\wefckd;awmfESifha&muf&SdvmNyD; eufeJaomem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;rsm;
ukdjzpfapcJhonf/ tjcm;pum;vkH;rsm;jzifhqkd&vQif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfonf
þa'ookdYa&muf&SdvmpOfu bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf tvGefwefckd;ygxd
a&mufaomenf;vrf;jzifhvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGif bk&m;
« 10 »« 9 »
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ocifrnfokdYvIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifcJhonfukd &SifaygvkawGYjrifcJh&aomtcg bk&m;
ocifonfxkdolwkdYtwGuf xl;jcm;aom&nf&G,fcsufwpfck&SdcJhrnfh taMumif;
udkvnf;odjrifem;vnfcJhonf/
tcef;i,f(5)ESifh(6)wGif &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdY
tm;4if;wkdYtwGuf wkyp&mykHOyrmukd wrefawmfwkdY\ toufwmxHrS&,lMu&ef
pdefac:wkdufwGef;xm;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(6)ukdMunfhjcif;jzihf oufomavmedwfNrdKU
&Sdtoif;awmfonf jyif;xefaomqif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifaeMuaomfvnf; xkdtcsif;
t&monf 4if;wkdYtm;ocifbk&m;txHü tapcHjcif;trIrSr[efYwm;cJhaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfMu&onf/ olwkdYonfwrefawmfwkdYukd ESpfvrf;ESpfoG,fjzifh Oyrm
wifwkycJhMujcif;jzifh tcuftcJukdMuHhMuHhcH&ifqkdif&if; ocifa,½Iuay;xm;cJh
aomarQmfvihfcsufay:ü pdwfESvkH;jrKyfESHxm;cJhMuonf/ yxrtaejzihf olwkdYonf
tcuftcJukdMuHhMuHHhcH&ifqkdifwwfaom wrefwmfwkdY\pdwf"mwfukdtwk,lcJhMu
onf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf &Sifaygvktm; vlxkBuD;uNrdKUjyif
bufokdYqGJxkwf,laqmifoGm;cJhMuonfhtjzpfukd awGYjrifcJhMuonf/ c&pf,mef
toufwmonf vG,fulacsmarmrnfht&mr[kwfcJhonfudkueOD;uwnf;uyif
olwkdYem;vnfoabmaygufcJhMuonf/ &SifaygvkESifhtjcm;wrefawmfwkdYonf
cufcJMurf;wrf;aomb0tajctaersm;ukd vufavQmht½IH;ray;bJ MuHhMuHhcH&if
qkdifcJhMuykHrsm;ukd olwkdYawGYjrifcJhMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm xkdykHOyrmukdvkdufavsmuf
usihfokH;&efa&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/
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« 12 »« 11 »
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« 12 »« 11 »
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« 14 »« 13 »
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« 14 »« 13 »
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twGuftokH;jyKEkdifaom bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsDD;rGrf;yg/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;oem;cJhaom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftwGuf ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wwifcsD;rGrf;yg/ cufcJaomtcsdefrsm;ü *wdawmfjrwfwkdYukd
oifhtm;jyefvnfowday;zkdY bk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
2
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rsm;twGuftHhzG,faumif;aom ykHOyrmaumif;wpfcktjzpf rnfokdYoufaojycJh
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usifrIrsm;aMumifh þa'oukdpGefYcGmoGm;&efwGef;tm;ay;cHcJh &onf/ okdYaomfvnf;
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« 15 »
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twGuftokH;jyKEkdifaom bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsDD;rGrf;yg/
uREkfyfwkdYtm;ay;oem;cJhaom tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftwGuf ocifbk&m;ukd
aus;Zl;wwifcsD;rGrf;yg/ cufcJaomtcsdefrsm;ü *wdawmfjrwfwkdYukd
oifhtm;jyefvnfowday;zkdY bk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
2
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1 ouf 2;1-12 ukdzwfyg/
tvGefBuD;rm;aom tcuftcJtwm;tqD;rsm;&Sdvifhupm; oufom
avmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf 4if;wkdY\ywf0ef;usife,fy,f&Sd tjcm;,kHMunfol
rsm;twGuftHhzG,faumif;aom ykHOyrmaumif;wpfcktjzpf rnfokdYoufaojycJh
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a&muf&SdcJhpOfwGif vlxkBuD;uomreftm;jzifh vIdufvdIufvSJvSJr&SdcJhMuyg/ ckcHqefY
usifrIrsm;aMumifh þa'oukdpGefYcGmoGm;&efwGef;tm;ay;cHcJh &onf/ okdYaomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonf tpGrf;xufvSaomtrIwpfyg;ukdaqmif&Guf&ef auseyftm;&
awmfrlcJh&m þt&yfütoif;awmfwpfyg;ukdwnfaxmifcJhonf/
tcef;BuD;(2)wGif &SifaygvkurdrdESifhwuG rdrd\vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;u
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tMum;ürnfokdY trIawmfaqmifcJhMuaMumif;ukd
jyefvnfowd&aecJhonf/ þtcef;wGif c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;taejzihf
trIawmfudkrnfokdYxrf;aqmifMu&rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í xl;jcm;aom
taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd wifjy&ef&Sdaeonf/ uREkfyfwkdYxrf;&GufaeMuaom
trIawmfjrwfrsm;wGifvkdufemusihfMuHMu&rnfh ykHOyrmwpfckukd&Sifaygvk
uwifjyay;xm;onf/
&Sifaygvkutoif;awmftm; 4if;wkdYrdrdESifhtwl&SdaecJhaomMu tcsdefrsm;
onf½IH;edrfhrIwpfckr[kwfaMumif; jyefvnftoday;jcif;jzihf tcef;BuD;(2)ukdpwif
xm;onf/ &Sifaygvktm; NrdKUjyifokdYxGufoGm;&ef rnfokdYtwif;tusyf apckdif;cHcJh
« 15 »
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tcsif;t&monf ½IH;edrfhrIwpfcktjzpf tb,frQvG,fvifhwulcHpm;cJh EkdifaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfEkdifygonf/ &SifaygvkurlxkdokdYr½Ijrif? rokH;oyfcJhyg/ xkdtpm;
olonfocifbk&m;ukdom rvTJwrf;tm½kHjyKcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf oufom
avmedwfNrdKUukd pGefYcGmausmckdif;oGm;&ef&SdaecJhaomfvnf; rdrdudkqifh
ac:cJhaombk&m;ocifonf xkda'oywf0ef;usifü rdrdtokH;jyKcJhaomtcsdefrsm;
ukdbkef;awmftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhygvdrhfrnf[k &Sifaygvk,kHMunfaecJhonf/ bk&m;
ocifonfrawmfwqtrSm;rsKd;ukdrvkyfyg/ bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfaomt&mwkdif;
wGif&nf&G,fcsuf&Sdonf/ tjzpftysufrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdawGYjrif&onfhtwkdif;
tjrJwrf;awmhr[kwfwwfMuyg/ BuD;rm;aomqkH;½IH;rI[kxifrSwf&aom t&mukd
tokH;jyKí BuD;av;aomaumif;usKd;w&m;ukd bk&m;ocifutxajrmufapEkdif
onf/þtcsufukd rvTJwrf;tm½kHjyK&if; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdY
onf trIYawmfudkpGrf;pGrf;wrHvkyfaqmifcJhMu&ayvdhrfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf owif;aumif;w&m;a[mMum;jcif; omoemawmfütjrJ
wrf;vkdvkdqif;&J'ku©ukdawGYMuKH&ifqkdifcJh&NyD; tEkdifusihfapmfum;jcif;ukdvnf;
cHcJh&onf/ ol\a[majymoGefoifcsufukd em;rvnfcJhaomolrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/
vlwpfcsKdUuol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukd jyif;jyif;xefxefuefYuGufwkefYjyefcJhMu
onf/ þjyóemrsm;onf &SifaygvkoufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYra&mufrD zdvdyÜdNrdKUü
&SdaecJhpOfuyifqkdifcJh&aomt&mjzpfonf/ xkdNrdKUwGif&SifaygvkESifh taygif;tyg
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&ifqkdifcJhMuonf/ okdYaomfvnf; þokdYaomtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;rsm;
tMum;rSmyifolwkdYonf arQmfvifhcsufysufokOf;roGm;cJhMuyg/ zdvdyÜdNrdKUukdpGefYcGmNyD;
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aqmifcJhMuonf/ &SifaygvkESifhol\ vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;onf
þtrIawmfukd4if;wkdY\ um,OmPpGrf;tm;jzihf rvkyfaqmifcJhMuaMumif;ukd
owdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f(2)u ]]bk&m;ocifukdtrSDjyKí BuD;pGmaomwGef;vSefjcif;
ESifhwuG? bk&m; ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;awmfukd oifwdkYtm;&J0HhpGma[majymMu\}}
[kajymjyxm;onf/ zdvdyÜdNrdKUü xkdokdYaomtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifjcif;rsm;ukd
MuKHawGY&NyD;aemufwGif &SifaygvkESifhol\vkyfazmfaqmif zufrsm;onfbk&m;ocif
\ulnDrpjcif;tm;jzihf owif;aumif;w&m;a[majymjcif;ukd qufvufívkyf
aqmifEkdifcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYü&SdaomvlYumOmPpGrf;tm;rsm;rSm rvkH
avmufyg/ olwkdY\ESvkH;om;xJü bk&m;ocifxnfhoGif;ay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd
qufvufí oufomavmedwfNrdKUudkoGm;NyD;a[majymEkdif&ef olwkdYonfbk&m;
ocifücGeftm;opfrsm;ukd&SmawGYcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwfNrdKUü
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ]]BuD;pGmaom wkdufvSefjcif;ESifhwuG}} a[majymcJhMu
onfukd tcef;i,f(2)wGifowdjyKyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;twGuf BuD;pGmaom
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&ifqkdif&efvdkvkdvm;vm;&SdcJhMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf&efolESifhppfNydKifxkd;&ef
twGufqifhac:jcif;ukdcHxm;Muygonf/ wkdufyGJqifEGJae&aom ppfol&Jrsm;jzpf
onfhtavsmuf wcgw&HütcuftcJrsm;ukdawGYMuKHMu&rnfhtjzpfukd uREkfyfwkdY
vufcHxm;Mu&rnf/ owif;aumif;w&m;a[majyma0iSjcif;onf vG,fulaom
trIjzpfaomaMumifh a[majyma0iSmMuonfr[kwfyg/ vltrsm;tMum;odzkdY
« 18 »« 17 »
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tcsif;t&monf ½IH;edrfhrIwpfcktjzpf tb,frQvG,fvifhwulcHpm;cJh EkdifaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfEkdifygonf/ &SifaygvkurlxkdokdYr½Ijrif? rokH;oyfcJhyg/ xkdtpm;
olonfocifbk&m;ukdom rvTJwrf;tm½kHjyKcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf oufom
avmedwfNrdKUukd pGefYcGmausmckdif;oGm;&ef&SdaecJhaomfvnf; rdrdudkqifh
ac:cJhaombk&m;ocifonf xkda'oywf0ef;usifü rdrdtokH;jyKcJhaomtcsdefrsm;
ukdbkef;awmftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhygvdrhfrnf[k &Sifaygvk,kHMunfaecJhonf/ bk&m;
ocifonfrawmfwqtrSm;rsKd;ukdrvkyfyg/ bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfaomt&mwkdif;
wGif&nf&G,fcsuf&Sdonf/ tjzpftysufrsm;onf 4if;wkdYukdawGYjrif&onfhtwkdif;
tjrJwrf;awmhr[kwfwwfMuyg/ BuD;rm;aomqkH;½IH;rI[kxifrSwf&aom t&mukd
tokH;jyKí BuD;av;aomaumif;usKd;w&m;ukd bk&m;ocifutxajrmufapEkdif
onf/þtcsufukd rvTJwrf;tm½kHjyK&if; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyfwkdY
onf trIYawmfudkpGrf;pGrf;wrHvkyfaqmifcJhMu&ayvdhrfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf owif;aumif;w&m;a[mMum;jcif; omoemawmfütjrJ
wrf;vkdvkdqif;&J'ku©ukdawGYMuKH&ifqkdifcJh&NyD; tEkdifusihfapmfum;jcif;ukdvnf;
cHcJh&onf/ ol\a[majymoGefoifcsufukd em;rvnfcJhaomolrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/
vlwpfcsKdUuol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukd jyif;jyif;xefxefuefYuGufwkefYjyefcJhMu
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&SdaecJhpOfuyifqkdifcJh&aomt&mjzpfonf/ xkdNrdKUwGif&SifaygvkESifh taygif;tyg
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&ifqkdifcJhMuonf/ okdYaomfvnf; þokdYaomtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;rsm;
tMum;rSmyifolwkdYonf arQmfvifhcsufysufokOf;roGm;cJhMuyg/ zdvdyÜdNrdKUukdpGefYcGmNyD;
oufomavmedwfNrdKU owif;aumif;w&m;a[majymjcif;ukd qufvufívkyf
aqmifcJhMuonf/ &SifaygvkESifhol\ vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;onf
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owdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f(2)u ]]bk&m;ocifukdtrSDjyKí BuD;pGmaomwGef;vSefjcif;
ESifhwuG? bk&m; ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;awmfukd oifwdkYtm;&J0HhpGma[majymMu\}}
[kajymjyxm;onf/ zdvdyÜdNrdKUü xkdokdYaomtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifjcif;rsm;ukd
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\ulnDrpjcif;tm;jzihf owif;aumif;w&m;a[majymjcif;ukd qufvufívkyf
aqmifEkdifcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYü&SdaomvlYumOmPpGrf;tm;rsm;rSm rvkH
avmufyg/ olwkdY\ESvkH;om;xJü bk&m;ocifxnfhoGif;ay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd
qufvufí oufomavmedwfNrdKUudkoGm;NyD;a[majymEkdif&ef olwkdYonfbk&m;
ocifücGeftm;opfrsm;ukd&SmawGYcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwfNrdKUü
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ]]BuD;pGmaom wkdufvSefjcif;ESifhwuG}} a[majymcJhMu
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twGufqifhac:jcif;ukdcHxm;Muygonf/ wkdufyGJqifEGJae&aom ppfol&Jrsm;jzpf
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vufcHxm;Mu&rnf/ owif;aumif;w&m;a[majyma0iSjcif;onf vG,fulaom
trIjzpfaomaMumifh a[majyma0iSmMuonfr[kwfyg/ vltrsm;tMum;odzkdY
« 18 »« 17 »
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twdkuftcHjyKqefYusifjcif;ESifh tcuftcJrsm;ukd&ifqkdif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;
pdwf"mwfrusoifhyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd Mum;odvkdolrsm;uMum;odEkdif
&efo,faqmifoGm;&mü twkduftcHjyKqefYusifjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efwrefawmf
rsm;rStqifoifhjzpfaeMuonf/ þtrIawmftwGufvkdtyfaompGrf;&nfcGeftm;
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jcif;? npfnL;jcif;ESifhjzpfwnfaeaomaphaqmfrIrsm;rS ay:xGufvmcJhMuonf
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vnf;rjyKvkyfcJhyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;yGJrsm;ü vltrsm;tm;ocifc&pfawmfukd,kHMunf
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azmfa&GaomqufqHa&;rsm;jzifh b0ifawGYoGm;apjcif; (okdY) ajzazsmfjcif;
rsm;ukdvkyfEkdifMuygaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;uom olwkdY\
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olwkdYukdpnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;zkdY&efvnf; olYütpDtpOfrsm; (okdY)enf;pepfrsm;r&SdcJhyg/
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wpfyg;omykdifaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk,kHMunfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\pdwf&if;rSmjzLpifvS
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bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfwkdif vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifap&efcGifhjyKxm;cJhygonf/ oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfu@? or®mw&m;awmfukda[majymjcif;u@wkdYESifh
pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkückdifrmaomtjrifwpfck&SdcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpf
Muonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ,aeYwGifbk&m;ocif 0dnmOfawmf\
tvkyfu@ESifh or®mw&m;awmfa[majymjcif;u@wkdYukdtjrifopfjzifh jyefvnf
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0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfw&m;a[mjcif;wkdYukdtokH;jyK&mü orkdif;wpfavQmuf
auseyftm;&vsuf&SdaecJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGifvnf; xkdtwkdif;
qufívkyfaqmifoGm;ygOD;rnf/ trIawmfjrwfü&Sifaygvk t"dutav;xm;
aomt&mrSm 0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfawmfyifjzpfonf/ þESpfyg;wkdY\aygif;
pyfjcif;onf &Sifaygvk\a[majymcsufukdMum;em&aom olwkdY\toufwmü
tpGrf;xufaom oufa&mufrIukdjzpfapcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdonfbk&m;ocif todtrSwfjyKcH&aomolwpfOD;jzpf
aMumif;ajymMum;cJhonf(i,f? 4)/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf þ&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf
« 20 »« 19 »
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pdwf"mwfrusoifhyg/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd Mum;odvkdolrsm;uMum;odEkdif
&efo,faqmifoGm;&mü twkduftcHjyKqefYusifjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdif&efwrefawmf
rsm;rStqifoifhjzpfaeMuonf/ þtrIawmftwGufvkdtyfaompGrf;&nfcGeftm;
rSmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmf&SifxHrSa&mufvmcJhonf/
tcef;i,f(3)t& wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\a[majymjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;
jcif;? npfnL;jcif;ESifhjzpfwnfaeaomaphaqmfrIrsm;rS ay:xGufvmcJhMuonf
r[kwf/ aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfxJodkYvlwkdYukdvSnfhjzm;í odrf;oGif;&efvnf;
rBudK;pm;cJhyg/ xkdYtjyif &Sifaygvkonfr½kd;rom;? oHo,jzpfzG,fenf;pepfrsm;jzifh
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vnf;rjyKvkyfcJhyg/ {0Ha*vdw&m;yGJrsm;ü vltrsm;tm;ocifc&pfawmfukd,kHMunf
vufcHMu&ef a&SUokdYxGufvmapjcif;(okdY)vufrsm;ukdajr§mufapjcif;wkdYukdjyKvkyf
ap&efrSmuREkfyfwkdYtwGuftb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunf
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azmfa&GaomqufqHa&;rsm;jzifh b0ifawGYoGm;apjcif; (okdY) ajzazsmfjcif;
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vlwkdYuolYukdtav;xm;tm½kHjyKvmrnfhta&; ukd&SifaygvkurvdkcsifcJhyg/
olwkdYukdpnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;zkdY&efvnf; olYütpDtpOfrsm; (okdY)enf;pepfrsm;r&SdcJhyg/
or®mw&m;awmfukdMum;odaomolwkdY\toufwmukd ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh
toufukday;Ekdifaomwefcdk;ukd oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfbk&m;
wpfyg;omykdifaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk,kHMunfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\pdwf&if;rSmjzLpifvS
ygonf/ vlwkdYukdEkdifiHawmfokdY jzm;a,mif;odrf;oGif;&efrBudK;pm;cJhyg/ olonf
EIwfuywfw&m;awmfukd opöm&Sd&Sda[majymjcif;tm;jzihf xkdolwkdY\toufwmü
bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfwkdif vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifap&efcGifhjyKxm;cJhygonf/ oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfu@? or®mw&m;awmfukda[majymjcif;u@wkdYESifh
pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkückdifrmaomtjrifwpfck&SdcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpf
Muonfhtm;avsmfpGm uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ,aeYwGifbk&m;ocif 0dnmOfawmf\
tvkyfu@ESifh or®mw&m;awmfa[majymjcif;u@wkdYukdtjrifopfjzifh jyefvnf
½IjrifMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlwkdY\toufwmukdajymif;vJ&ef rdrd\
0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfw&m;a[mjcif;wkdYukdtokH;jyK&mü orkdif;wpfavQmuf
auseyftm;&vsuf&SdaecJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvwGifvnf; xkdtwkdif;
qufívkyfaqmifoGm;ygOD;rnf/ trIawmfjrwfü&Sifaygvk t"dutav;xm;
aomt&mrSm 0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfawmfyifjzpfonf/ þESpfyg;wkdY\aygif;
pyfjcif;onf &Sifaygvk\a[majymcsufukdMum;em&aom olwkdY\toufwmü
tpGrf;xufaom oufa&mufrIukdjzpfapcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrdonfbk&m;ocif todtrSwfjyKcH&aomolwpfOD;jzpf
aMumif;ajymMum;cJhonf(i,f? 4)/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf þ&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf
« 20 »« 19 »
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awmfwefckd;tpGrf;xuf&jcif;rSm olonf0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfawmfwkdYudk
t"dutav;xm;aomaMumifhomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifuolYtm;oD;oefYcGJcefY
qifhac:xm;cJhaomaMumifhvnf;jzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&m
rsm;ukdvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh a&G;aumufjcif;
ukdcHcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifuolYtm;qifhac:í a[majymapaom
t&mukda[majymcJhonf/ olonf bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKcH&olwpfOD;tjzpf
ESifhaexkdiftouf&Sif&if;trIawmfukdaqmifcJhonf/ olonfvlwkdYESpfouf
apzkdYw&m;awmfukda[majymonfr[kwf/ rdrdtm;þ&nf&G,fcsuftwGufa&G;
aumufcJhaom bk&m;ocifESpfoufapzkdYa[majymjcif;jzpfonf/
vlwkdYonfocifbk&m;\EIwfuywfawmfukd tjrJwrf;awmh,kHMunf
vufcHjcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ wpfcgw&HwGifolwkdYonfausmckdif;vSnfhjyefcJhMuovkd
&Sifaygvk\ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif;ukdvnf; ajymcJhMuonf/ wpfcgw&HwGif
ukd,fxdvufa&mufvnf;wkdufckdufcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½IyifvQifjiif;y,fcHcJh&
onfr[kwfygvm;/ wrefawmfrsm;onf olwkdYa[majymaomw&m;awmf
twGufaMumifh xkd;Budwf½kdufESufjcif;? cJESifhypfaygufjcif;wkdYukdcHcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf
vnf;ay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcrSm tb,frQBuD;aeapumrlolwkdYonf vlxHrSr[kwf?
bk&m;ocifxHrS todtrSwfjyKcHjcif;ukd&SmMuHjcif;tm; olwkdY\&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif
tjzpfowfrSwfcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf ol\a[majymcsufrsm;wGif ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukdra&G;
cs,fcJhyg/ ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYajymqkdMuaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonfr½kd;
rom;csD;ajr§mufpum;rsm;ukdajymqkdaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukd
ajymqkdwwfaomolonf vlwkdYukdpnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&efBudK;pm;&mü em;0ifcsKdb0if
ckdufaprnfhpum;rsm;tm;vkH;ukdajymwwfygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ajr§mufvkH;yifh
vkH;rsm;ukda&G;cs,fp&mtjzpfrowfrSwfcJhyg/ or®mw&m;ukd½kd;½kd;pif;pifav;om
a[majymcJhygonf/ ol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukd Mum;em&aomolwkdY\toufwm
wGif 0dnmOfawmfrSqufvufívIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&efukdomvkdcsifcJhonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif vlwkdYonfolwkdYMum;csifí em;,m;aeaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrSajym
ay;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYaemufukdvkdufMujcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifolwkdYukd
b0ifckdufapaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\aemufokdYvkdufcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
rSmþt&mrsm;ESifhrwif;wdrfcJhyg/ ol\a[majymcsufukd Mum;em&aomolwkdY\
toufwmrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf0ifa&mufvIyf&Sm;í ppfrSefaom
ajymif;vJjcif;ukdaqmifusOfvm&efukdtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf avmbw&m;ukdvTrf;jcKHzkH;uG,fxm;jcif;vnf; rvkyfcJhyg
(i,f? 5-6)/ olonfaiGaMu;t&mukdrufarmrIr&SdcJhyg/ ol\teD;tem;üawGYjrif
&aomvkdtyfcsufrsm;twGuf uGJaMucJhaomESvkH;om;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifu
olYukdwGef;ydkYaejcif;aMumifhom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;cJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ ol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukdMum;&olwkdYu olYukdykdufqHay;onfjzpfap?
ray;onfjzpfapqufía[mMum;aecJhygonf/ ol\a[majymcsufukdMum;em&
aomolwkdY\ *½kPmoufjcif;ukdcH&&eftwGufrBudK;pm;cJhyg/ aiGaMu;twGuf
toem;cHjcif;? qGJaqmifjcif;rsKd;ukdvnf;rvkyfcJhyg/ olonfbk&m;ocif\qifhac:
jcif;ukdcHcJh&oljzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifuaxmufyHhay;urf;rnfhtaMumif;ukdolodae
cJhonf/
wyfrufjcif;avmbonf c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;twGuf
« 22 »« 21 »
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bk&m;ocifonfolYukdoD;oefYcGJxkwfa&G;cs,fcJhonf/ &SifaygvkjyKvkyfcJhaom trI
awmfwefckd;tpGrf;xuf&jcif;rSm olonf0dnmOfawmfESifhEIwfuywfawmfwkdYudk
t"dutav;xm;aomaMumifhomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifuolYtm;oD;oefYcGJcefY
qifhac:xm;cJhaomaMumifhvnf;jzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&m
rsm;ukdvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh a&G;aumufjcif;
ukdcHcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifuolYtm;qifhac:í a[majymapaom
t&mukda[majymcJhonf/ olonf bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKcH&olwpfOD;tjzpf
ESifhaexkdiftouf&Sif&if;trIawmfukdaqmifcJhonf/ olonfvlwkdYESpfouf
apzkdYw&m;awmfukda[majymonfr[kwf/ rdrdtm;þ&nf&G,fcsuftwGufa&G;
aumufcJhaom bk&m;ocifESpfoufapzkdYa[majymjcif;jzpfonf/
vlwkdYonfocifbk&m;\EIwfuywfawmfukd tjrJwrf;awmh,kHMunf
vufcHjcif;r&SdcJhMuyg/ wpfcgw&HwGifolwkdYonfausmckdif;vSnfhjyefcJhMuovkd
&Sifaygvk\ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif;ukdvnf; ajymcJhMuonf/ wpfcgw&HwGif
ukd,fxdvufa&mufvnf;wkdufckdufcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½IyifvQifjiif;y,fcHcJh&
onfr[kwfygvm;/ wrefawmfrsm;onf olwkdYa[majymaomw&m;awmf
twGufaMumifh xkd;Budwf½kdufESufjcif;? cJESifhypfaygufjcif;wkdYukdcHcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf
vnf;ay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcrSm tb,frQBuD;aeapumrlolwkdYonf vlxHrSr[kwf?
bk&m;ocifxHrS todtrSwfjyKcHjcif;ukd&SmMuHjcif;tm; olwkdY\&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif
tjzpfowfrSwfcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf ol\a[majymcsufrsm;wGif ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukdra&G;
cs,fcJhyg/ ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYajymqkdMuaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYonfr½kd;
rom;csD;ajr§mufpum;rsm;ukdajymqkdaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ ajr§mufvkH;yifhvkH;rsm;ukd
ajymqkdwwfaomolonf vlwkdYukdpnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&efBudK;pm;&mü em;0ifcsKdb0if
ckdufaprnfhpum;rsm;tm;vkH;ukdajymwwfygonf/ &Sifaygvkonf ajr§mufvkH;yifh
vkH;rsm;ukda&G;cs,fp&mtjzpfrowfrSwfcJhyg/ or®mw&m;ukd½kd;½kd;pif;pifav;om
a[majymcJhygonf/ ol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukd Mum;em&aomolwkdY\toufwm
wGif 0dnmOfawmfrSqufvufívIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&efukdomvkdcsifcJhonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif vlwkdYonfolwkdYMum;csifí em;,m;aeaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrSajym
ay;aomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYaemufukdvkdufMujcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifolwkdYukd
b0ifckdufapaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY\aemufokdYvkdufcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
rSmþt&mrsm;ESifhrwif;wdrfcJhyg/ ol\a[majymcsufukd Mum;em&aomolwkdY\
toufwmrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf0ifa&mufvIyf&Sm;í ppfrSefaom
ajymif;vJjcif;ukdaqmifusOfvm&efukdtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf avmbw&m;ukdvTrf;jcKHzkH;uG,fxm;jcif;vnf; rvkyfcJhyg
(i,f? 5-6)/ olonfaiGaMu;t&mukdrufarmrIr&SdcJhyg/ ol\teD;tem;üawGYjrif
&aomvkdtyfcsufrsm;twGuf uGJaMucJhaomESvkH;om;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifu
olYukdwGef;ydkYaejcif;aMumifhom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;cJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ ol\a[majymcsufrsm;ukdMum;&olwkdYu olYukdykdufqHay;onfjzpfap?
ray;onfjzpfapqufía[mMum;aecJhygonf/ ol\a[majymcsufukdMum;em&
aomolwkdY\ *½kPmoufjcif;ukdcH&&eftwGufrBudK;pm;cJhyg/ aiGaMu;twGuf
toem;cHjcif;? qGJaqmifjcif;rsKd;ukdvnf;rvkyfcJhyg/ olonfbk&m;ocif\qifhac:
jcif;ukdcHcJh&oljzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifuaxmufyHhay;urf;rnfhtaMumif;ukdolodae
cJhonf/
wyfrufjcif;avmbonf c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;twGuf
« 22 »« 21 »
ouf
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jyóem wpfckjzpfaeEkdifonf/ &SifaygvkwkdY\acwfumv wGife,fvSnfh {0Ha*vd
q&mrsm; ESifhya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifvlwkdY\ay;urf;pGefYMuJrIukd
rSDckdtm;xm;Mu&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdY&&SdEkdifonfht&mtay:ü avmbpdwf
wufítm½kHa&muf oGm;&efrSmtvGefvG,fulcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
pdefac:csufrSm owif;aumif; w&m;ukda[mMum;&mü xm;&SdaomuREkfyfwkdY\pdwf
&if;trSefukdjyefvnfqef;ppf&efyifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf uRekfyfwkdY
&&SdEkdifonfht&mrsm; (aiGaMu;? csD;usL; pum;? vlwkdY\owdjyKcH&jcif;)twGuf
owif;aumif;w&m;ukda[majymaeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;tjrpf
tiftm;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Muygovm; okdYwnf;r[kwf
bk&m;ocifvlwkdY\ ay;urf;pGefYMuJrIESifh rsufESmomay;rIukd&&Sd&ef &SdorQaom
enf;pepfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKaeMuygovm;/
&Sifaygvkurdrdonftoif;awmftwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfapvkdonfh
taMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(6)wGifa&;om;xm;ygonf/ olwkdY\tv,fü vGwfvyfpGm
a[majym&efESifh vGwfvyfpGmtrIawmfaqmifjcif;ukd ola&G;cs,fcJhygonf/ olwkdY
txHrS aiGaMu;aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;rygbJESifh xGufcGmoGm;&efukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaecJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifuoifhukdqifhac:NyD; oloGm;apvkdaom
ae&mudkoGm;&mü avsmhayghaomvpmukdoifvufcHygrnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifu
oifhukdqifhac:íoGm;apvkdaomae&mwGifoifhtwGufaiGaMu;axmufyHhrIrsm;
r&SdcJhvQifvnf; oifxkdqifhac:jcif;ukd vkdvkdvm;vm;vufcHygrnfvm;/ aiGaMu;
onftrIawmf xufykdíta&;BuD;ygovm;/ &Sifaygvk\t&if;cHpdwfrSm owif;
aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majym&efjzpfonf/ olonfþtrIukd vGwfvGwfvyfvyf
ESifhtepfemcHNyD; vkyfaqmifoGm;&efvkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdxrf;&GufaeaomtrIawmfukd om;orD;rsm;tm;jyKpk
apmifha&Smufaeaom rdcifwpfOD;ESifhEIdif;,SOfazmfjycJhonf/ rdcifwpfOD;yrm &Sifaygvk
onftoif;awmftwGuf BuD;av;aomay;qyftepfemcHrIrsm;ukdjyKvkyf&ef vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaecJhonf/ rdcifwpfOD;onfrdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd jyKpkysKd;axmifay;&ef
twGufrnfokdYaomtcaMu;ukday;qyf&ef arQmfvifhxm;oenf;/ rdcifwpfOD;
pdwfqE´rSm olr\om;orD;rsm;BuD;jyif;vmNyD; &ifhusufjcif;okdYa&mufvmjcif;ukd
awGYjrif&&efyifjzpfonf/ olronfEl;nHhodrfarGYjcif;? apwemarwåmwkdYESifhtwl
om;orD;rsm;ukd tcrJhvGwfvyfpGmjyKpkysKd;axmif&if; apmifha&Smufay;ygonf/
olronf om;orD;rsm;twGuf olr\oufawmifhoufomjzifhaexkdifEkdifonfh
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdyifpGefYvTwftepfemcH&ef tqifoifh&Sdaeonf/ &SifaygvkESifh
vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYukd tvGefcspfcif
oHa,mZOfwG,fNidaeaomaMumifh xkdoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
rdrdwkdY\toufukdyifpGefYvTwf &efvkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeonfhtaMumif;ukdtcef;i,f
(8)wGif&Sifaygvku ajymjyxm;onf/
wrefawmfrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rdcif
ozG,fjzpfaeMuonfhtaMumif;ukd uGJjym;aomtjypfwpfrsKd;jzifh tcef;i,f(9)wGif
xyfavmif;azmfjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\ rdcifrsm;
tvm;aeYa&mnygxkd,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf tywfwukwfBudK;pm;½kef;uef&if;
trIawmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;wGifrarmEkdif? ryef;Ekdif
jzpfcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\0dnmOfom;orD;rsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom cspfjcif;arwåmu
olwkdYukd xkdokdYvkyfaqmifEkdif&efwGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolwkdYukdjyKpkapmifha&Smuf
&ef olwkdY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh oufomacsmifcsdrIwkdYukd ab;z,fxm;cJhMuonf/
« 24 »« 23 »
ouf
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jyóem wpfckjzpfaeEkdifonf/ &SifaygvkwkdY\acwfumv wGife,fvSnfh {0Ha*vd
q&mrsm; ESifhya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifvlwkdY\ay;urf;pGefYMuJrIukd
rSDckdtm;xm;Mu&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdY&&SdEkdifonfht&mtay:ü avmbpdwf
wufítm½kHa&muf oGm;&efrSmtvGefvG,fulcJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
pdefac:csufrSm owif;aumif; w&m;ukda[mMum;&mü xm;&SdaomuREkfyfwkdY\pdwf
&if;trSefukdjyefvnfqef;ppf&efyifjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf uRekfyfwkdY
&&SdEkdifonfht&mrsm; (aiGaMu;? csD;usL; pum;? vlwkdY\owdjyKcH&jcif;)twGuf
owif;aumif;w&m;ukda[majymaeMuygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;tjrpf
tiftm;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Muygovm; okdYwnf;r[kwf
bk&m;ocifvlwkdY\ ay;urf;pGefYMuJrIESifh rsufESmomay;rIukd&&Sd&ef &SdorQaom
enf;pepfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKaeMuygovm;/
&Sifaygvkurdrdonftoif;awmftwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfapvkdonfh
taMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(6)wGifa&;om;xm;ygonf/ olwkdY\tv,fü vGwfvyfpGm
a[majym&efESifh vGwfvyfpGmtrIawmfaqmifjcif;ukd ola&G;cs,fcJhygonf/ olwkdY
txHrS aiGaMu;aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;rygbJESifh xGufcGmoGm;&efukd vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaecJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifuoifhukdqifhac:NyD; oloGm;apvkdaom
ae&mudkoGm;&mü avsmhayghaomvpmukdoifvufcHygrnfvm;/ bk&m;ocifu
oifhukdqifhac:íoGm;apvkdaomae&mwGifoifhtwGufaiGaMu;axmufyHhrIrsm;
r&SdcJhvQifvnf; oifxkdqifhac:jcif;ukd vkdvkdvm;vm;vufcHygrnfvm;/ aiGaMu;
onftrIawmf xufykdíta&;BuD;ygovm;/ &Sifaygvk\t&if;cHpdwfrSm owif;
aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majym&efjzpfonf/ olonfþtrIukd vGwfvGwfvyfvyf
ESifhtepfemcHNyD; vkyfaqmifoGm;&efvkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaecJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdxrf;&GufaeaomtrIawmfukd om;orD;rsm;tm;jyKpk
apmifha&Smufaeaom rdcifwpfOD;ESifhEIdif;,SOfazmfjycJhonf/ rdcifwpfOD;yrm &Sifaygvk
onftoif;awmftwGuf BuD;av;aomay;qyftepfemcHrIrsm;ukdjyKvkyf&ef vkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaecJhonf/ rdcifwpfOD;onfrdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd jyKpkysKd;axmifay;&ef
twGufrnfokdYaomtcaMu;ukday;qyf&ef arQmfvifhxm;oenf;/ rdcifwpfOD;
pdwfqE´rSm olr\om;orD;rsm;BuD;jyif;vmNyD; &ifhusufjcif;okdYa&mufvmjcif;ukd
awGYjrif&&efyifjzpfonf/ olronfEl;nHhodrfarGYjcif;? apwemarwåmwkdYESifhtwl
om;orD;rsm;ukd tcrJhvGwfvyfpGmjyKpkysKd;axmif&if; apmifha&Smufay;ygonf/
olronf om;orD;rsm;twGuf olr\oufawmifhoufomjzifhaexkdifEkdifonfh
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdyifpGefYvTwftepfemcH&ef tqifoifh&Sdaeonf/ &SifaygvkESifh
vkyfazmfaqmifzufrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYukd tvGefcspfcif
oHa,mZOfwG,fNidaeaomaMumifh xkdoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
rdrdwkdY\toufukdyifpGefYvTwf &efvkdvkdvm;vm;&SdaeonfhtaMumif;ukdtcef;i,f
(8)wGif&Sifaygvku ajymjyxm;onf/
wrefawmfrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rdcif
ozG,fjzpfaeMuonfhtaMumif;ukd uGJjym;aomtjypfwpfrsKd;jzifh tcef;i,f(9)wGif
xyfavmif;azmfjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\ rdcifrsm;
tvm;aeYa&mnygxkd,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf tywfwukwfBudK;pm;½kef;uef&if;
trIawmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;wGifrarmEkdif? ryef;Ekdif
jzpfcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\0dnmOfom;orD;rsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom cspfjcif;arwåmu
olwkdYukd xkdokdYvkyfaqmifEkdif&efwGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/ ,kHMunfolwkdYukdjyKpkapmifha&Smuf
&ef olwkdY\tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh oufomacsmifcsdrIwkdYukd ab;z,fxm;cJhMuonf/
« 24 »« 23 »
ouf
ooooo
owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ tESpfom&trSefw&m;ukd EIwfoufouf
jzifhoma[majymjcif;rSm rvkHavmufyg/ wrefawmfrsm;onfowif;aumif;
w&m;awmf\tESpfom& trSefw&m;ukdtoufwmtm;jzihfvnf; oufaojycJh
Muonf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\tv,fü oefY&Sif;í ajzmifh
rwfNyD;ajcmufypfuif;toufwmjzifh aexkdif&SifoefcJhMuonf (tcef;i,f 10)/
olwkdYonf olwkdYudk,fwkdifa[majymaomw&m;awmf\ykHOyrmaumif;rsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYEIwfjzifha[majymonfhtwkdif; aexkdiftouf&SifroGm;jcif;onf
tvGefqkd;aomt&mjzpfonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUom;rsm;onf wrefawmf\
toufwmü twk,lzG,faomykHOyrmukdawGYcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf wrefawmfwkdY\trIawmfjrwfukdzcifwpfOD;\ wm0ef
0wå&m;ESifhvnf; EIdif;,SOfxm;jyefonf/ zcifwpfOD;u ol\om;orD;rsm;ukdjyKrl
qufqHonfhtwkdif; wrefawmfwkdYonfvnf; olwkdY\0dnmOfom;orD;rsm;ukd
jyKrlqufqHcJhMuonf/ cufcJaomtcsdefrsm;wGifcGeftm;ay;í pdwf"mwfusqif;
aomtcsdefrsm;wGif az;rwGJulay;cJhMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onfuav;i,frsm;
tvm;ikd,kdatmfnnf;aomtcgü olwkdYukdaxG;ayGYESpfodrfhay;rnfhvufrsm;ukd
vkdtyfonfhtcsdefrsKd;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYukdyufokdif;&pfywfí ab;tEÅ&m,frS
umuG,f[efYwm;ay;rnfh xkdokdYaomvufrsKd;ukdvkdtyfonfhtcsdefrsKd;vnf;&SdcJh
onf/ þt&mrSmwrefawmfwkdYuolwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;cJhaomt&myif
jzpfonf/ zcifrsm;tvm;wrefawmffrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
wkdYtm;4if;wkdYukd rdrd\EkdifiHawmfxJokdY cGJcefYqifhac:cJhaombk&m;ocifESifh trSef
xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpf &SifoefaexkdifMu&ef EId;aqmfwkdufwGef;cJhMuonf/
wrefawmfwkdYonf olwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukdocifc&pfawmfü olwkdYjzpfwnf
a&muf&SdEkdifaom tajctaetm;vkH;okdYa&muf&SdvmEkdif&ef aphaqmfwkdufwGef;&if;
pdefac:cJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;txHü trIawmfaqmifjcif;tvkyfonfvG,fulrnf
r[kwfouJhokdY tjrJwrf;vnf;csD;rGrf;axmremjyKcH&rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
trIawmfomoemrsm;ü t"duusaomt&mBuD;ESpfckukd tpOfxdef;odrf;&ef
&Sifaygvkupdefac:xm;onf/
yxrt&mrSm uREfkyfwkdYonfay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcukdrrIyJ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\wefckd;awmfü or®mw&m;ukda[majymMu&ef pl;pkdufxm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdY\todtrSwfjyKcH&jcif; tm;&SmBuHjcif;
(okdY)vlwkdYukdocifc&pfawmftxHokdY pnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&ef twGuf vlYy&d,m,f
rsm;ESifh enf;pepfrsm; tm;&SmBuHjcif;wdkYtm;jzifh udk,fhudk,fudk ab;acsmf
vrf;vTJoGm;apjcif;ukd cGifhrjyKoifhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
u rdrdtvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; vlwkdYukdtjypf azmfjyzkdYESifh toufwm ajymif;vJ
ay;jcif;rsm;ukdaqmif,lvm&ef xkd0dnmOfawmfü uREkfyfwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;
ESifhukd;pm;jcif;wkdYukd ykHtyfxm;&rnf/
'kwd,t&mrSm uREkfyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\vlrsm;txHü trIawmf
aqmifaomtcg rdbrsm;yrmjyKrlqufqH&if; trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&ef
udk,fhudk,fudkqufuyftyfESHxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfBuD;rm;aom pGefYvTwftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukdvkyfaqmifzkdYvkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/ El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;? cspfjcif;*½kPm? toufwmykHOyrm
aumif;rsm;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdom&SmMuHí ukd,fcE¨m
awmfukdwnfaqmufzkdY uREkfyfwkdYonfukd,fhukdukd,fay;qyfxm;Mu&rnf/
« 26 »« 25 »
ouf
ooooo
owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ tESpfom&trSefw&m;ukd EIwfoufouf
jzifhoma[majymjcif;rSm rvkHavmufyg/ wrefawmfrsm;onfowif;aumif;
w&m;awmf\tESpfom& trSefw&m;ukdtoufwmtm;jzihfvnf; oufaojycJh
Muonf/ olwkdYonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\tv,fü oefY&Sif;í ajzmifh
rwfNyD;ajcmufypfuif;toufwmjzifh aexkdif&SifoefcJhMuonf (tcef;i,f 10)/
olwkdYonf olwkdYudk,fwkdifa[majymaomw&m;awmf\ykHOyrmaumif;rsm;jzpfcJhMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYEIwfjzifha[majymonfhtwkdif; aexkdiftouf&SifroGm;jcif;onf
tvGefqkd;aomt&mjzpfonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKUom;rsm;onf wrefawmf\
toufwmü twk,lzG,faomykHOyrmukdawGYcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkonf wrefawmfwkdY\trIawmfjrwfukdzcifwpfOD;\ wm0ef
0wå&m;ESifhvnf; EIdif;,SOfxm;jyefonf/ zcifwpfOD;u ol\om;orD;rsm;ukdjyKrl
qufqHonfhtwkdif; wrefawmfwkdYonfvnf; olwkdY\0dnmOfom;orD;rsm;ukd
jyKrlqufqHcJhMuonf/ cufcJaomtcsdefrsm;wGifcGeftm;ay;í pdwf"mwfusqif;
aomtcsdefrsm;wGif az;rwGJulay;cJhMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onfuav;i,frsm;
tvm;ikd,kdatmfnnf;aomtcgü olwkdYukdaxG;ayGYESpfodrfhay;rnfhvufrsm;ukd
vkdtyfonfhtcsdefrsKd;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYukdyufokdif;&pfywfí ab;tEÅ&m,frS
umuG,f[efYwm;ay;rnfh xkdokdYaomvufrsKd;ukdvkdtyfonfhtcsdefrsKd;vnf;&SdcJh
onf/ þt&mrSmwrefawmfwkdYuolwkdYtwGuf vkyfaqmifay;cJhaomt&myif
jzpfonf/ zcifrsm;tvm;wrefawmffrsm;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
wkdYtm;4if;wkdYukd rdrd\EkdifiHawmfxJokdY cGJcefYqifhac:cJhaombk&m;ocifESifh trSef
xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpf &SifoefaexkdifMu&ef EId;aqmfwkdufwGef;cJhMuonf/
wrefawmfwkdYonf olwkdY\om;orD;rsm;ukdocifc&pfawmfü olwkdYjzpfwnf
a&muf&SdEkdifaom tajctaetm;vkH;okdYa&muf&SdvmEkdif&ef aphaqmfwkdufwGef;&if;
pdefac:cJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;txHü trIawmfaqmifjcif;tvkyfonfvG,fulrnf
r[kwfouJhokdY tjrJwrf;vnf;csD;rGrf;axmremjyKcH&rnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
trIawmfomoemrsm;ü t"duusaomt&mBuD;ESpfckukd tpOfxdef;odrf;&ef
&Sifaygvkupdefac:xm;onf/
yxrt&mrSm uREfkyfwkdYonfay;qyf&rnfhtzkd;tcukdrrIyJ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\wefckd;awmfü or®mw&m;ukda[majymMu&ef pl;pkdufxm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf vlwkdY\todtrSwfjyKcH&jcif; tm;&SmBuHjcif;
(okdY)vlwkdYukdocifc&pfawmftxHokdY pnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&ef twGuf vlYy&d,m,f
rsm;ESifh enf;pepfrsm; tm;&SmBuHjcif;wdkYtm;jzifh udk,fhudk,fudk ab;acsmf
vrf;vTJoGm;apjcif;ukd cGifhrjyKoifhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
u rdrdtvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; vlwkdYukdtjypf azmfjyzkdYESifh toufwm ajymif;vJ
ay;jcif;rsm;ukdaqmif,lvm&ef xkd0dnmOfawmfü uREkfyfwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;
ESifhukd;pm;jcif;wkdYukd ykHtyfxm;&rnf/
'kwd,t&mrSm uREkfyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\vlrsm;txHü trIawmf
aqmifaomtcg rdbrsm;yrmjyKrlqufqH&if; trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&ef
udk,fhudk,fudkqufuyftyfESHxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfBuD;rm;aom pGefYvTwftepfemcHjcif;rsm;ukdvkyfaqmifzkdYvkdvkd
vm;vm;&SdaeMu&rnf/ El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;? cspfjcif;*½kPm? toufwmykHOyrm
aumif;rsm;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\todtrSwfjyKjcif;ukdom&SmMuHí ukd,fcE¨m
awmfukdwnfaqmufzkdY uREkfyfwkdYonfukd,fhukdukd,fay;qyfxm;Mu&rnf/
« 26 »« 25 »
ouf
ooooo
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majymMuJJjzefY&mü twkduftcHjyKqefYusif
cH&jcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdif&ef oifvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdygovm;/
oifonfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfxuf oifh&JUenf;pepfrsm;? tpDtpOf
rsm;ESifh oif\xl;jcm;aomyifukd,ft&nftaoG;wkdYukd ykdNyD;,kHMunf
tm;xm;aeonf[k ukd,fhukdukd,fod&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/
oifonftrIawmfaqmif&mü vlwkdYESpfoufapzkdYBudK;pm;aeaMumif; ukd,fh
ukdukd,fawGYjrifod&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ þt&monfbk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf
wkd;wufjcif;trIukd rnfokdY[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufygoenf;/
rdcif? zcif[laomrdbwkdY\ tusihfp½kdufvu©Pmum; tb,fenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þtusifhp½kdufvu©Pmrsm;ukdc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmf
ESifh uREkfyfwkdY\omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü xkdociftwGuf rnfokdYoufao
jyMu&rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ukd,fawmfonf oif\trIawmfomoemrsm;ukdqef;ppfí ol\oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfukd oif,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;r&SdcJhonfhtajctae? t
aMumif;t&mtm;vkH;ukd azmfjyay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhü0dnmOfzcif (okdY) rdcif&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ olwkdYonfoifhukdrnfokdY
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;í aumif;csD;ay;cJhMuoenf;/ xkdolwkdYwpfa,muf
csif;pDtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifhteD;tem;&Sd
vlwkdYtwGuf zcifaumif;? rdcifaumif;wpfOD;tjzpf&SdaeEkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmf
ukdxyfavmif;ay;oem;&ef ukd,fawmfukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifxrf;aqmifaeaomtrIawmfü bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;\ tod
trSwfjyKjcif;ukd&SmMuH&ef ukd,fhukdukd,fqufuyftyfESHyg/ vlwkdY\tod
trSwfjyKjcif;ukd &SmMuHvkdonfhoifhü&SdaewwfaompdwfqE´rsm;ukd ½kdufcsKd;
ay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 28 »« 27 »
ouf
ooooo
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majymMuJJjzefY&mü twkduftcHjyKqefYusif
cH&jcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdif&ef oifvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sdygovm;/
oifonfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfxuf oifh&JUenf;pepfrsm;? tpDtpOf
rsm;ESifh oif\xl;jcm;aomyifukd,ft&nftaoG;wkdYukd ykdNyD;,kHMunf
tm;xm;aeonf[k ukd,fhukdukd,fod&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/
oifonftrIawmfaqmif&mü vlwkdYESpfoufapzkdYBudK;pm;aeaMumif; ukd,fh
ukdukd,fawGYjrifod&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ þt&monfbk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf
wkd;wufjcif;trIukd rnfokdY[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufygoenf;/
rdcif? zcif[laomrdbwkdY\ tusihfp½kdufvu©Pmum; tb,fenf;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf þtusifhp½kdufvu©Pmrsm;ukdc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmf
ESifh uREkfyfwkdY\omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü xkdociftwGuf rnfokdYoufao
jyMu&rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ukd,fawmfonf oif\trIawmfomoemrsm;ukdqef;ppfí ol\oefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfukd oif,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;r&SdcJhonfhtajctae? t
aMumif;t&mtm;vkH;ukd azmfjyay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhü0dnmOfzcif (okdY) rdcif&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/ olwkdYonfoifhukdrnfokdY
cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;í aumif;csD;ay;cJhMuoenf;/ xkdolwkdYwpfa,muf
csif;pDtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifhteD;tem;&Sd
vlwkdYtwGuf zcifaumif;? rdcifaumif;wpfOD;tjzpf&SdaeEkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmf
ukdxyfavmif;ay;oem;&ef ukd,fawmfukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifxrf;aqmifaeaomtrIawmfü bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;\ tod
trSwfjyKjcif;ukd&SmMuH&ef ukd,fhukdukd,fqufuyftyfESHyg/ vlwkdY\tod
trSwfjyKjcif;ukd &SmMuHvkdonfhoifhü&SdaewwfaompdwfqE´rsm;ukd ½kdufcsKd;
ay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 28 »« 27 »
ouf
ooooo
3
&Sifaygvk\ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
1 ouf 2;13-20 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü rdcif? zcif
wpfOD;t&mü&yfwnf&SifoefcJhonf/ olYukdþtokdif;t0ef;u aEG;aEG;axG;axG;
rBudKqkdcJhMuaomfvnf; vltcsKdUuol\a[majymcsufukd vufcH,kHMunfcJhMu
onf/ &SifaygvkonfolwdkYwpfa,mufcsif;pDtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;cJhonf (i,f? 13)/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf EIwfuywfw&m;awmfukd vlYtxH
rSjzpfwnfaomt&mtjzpfvufrcHcJhMubJ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfw&m;
tjzpfvufcHí ,kHMunfcJhMuaMumif;ukdtcef;i,f 13 wGifowdjyKMunfhyg/ bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfolwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü olwkdYMum;emae&aomt&monf
bk&m;ocifxHrSjzpfaMumif;ukd odjrifapaomem;vnfrIukd aqmifusOf;ay;cJhonf/
þtcsif;t&mtwGuf &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/
xkdYtjyif xkdEIwfuywfawmfw&m;onf4if;ukd,kHMunfvuf cHaomolwkdYü
tvkyfvkyfaeonfhtaMumif;ukdvnf;owdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
onf touf&Sif\/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf4if;ukd,kHMunfí vufcHMuaomol
wkdY\toufwmukd ajymif;vJíjyKjyifEkdifaomwefckd;&Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmonf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfaMumif; tckdifrmqkH;oufaorSm 4if;onf
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwkdY\ toufwmukdajymif;vJjyKjyifay;cJhjcif;wGif&Sdaeonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf jyKjyifajymif;vJí ukpm;aysmufuif;apEkdif
aomwefckd;&SdaMumif;ukd &efolwkdYuodaeMuonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
rsm;txHü&Sifaygvka[majymcJhaomEIwfuywfawmfonf ,aeYtcsdeftxd
toufwmrsm;ukdajymif;vJvsuf&Sdonf/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonft,l0g'rsm;?
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;oufoufxufykdygonf/ or®musrf;pmukdt,l0g'
oufouftwGufom ½IjrifMuaomolwkdYonftvGefwefckd;BuD;tpGrf;xufaom
t&mudk vufvGwfqkH;½IH;aeMuonf/ or®musrf;pmonftouf&Sifí xdxd
a&mufa&mufvIyf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf 4if;ukdMum;emíemcH
MurnfholwkdY\toufrsm;ukdajymif;vJí jyKjyifEkdifaomwefckd;&Sdonf/ þt&mrSm
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfüjzpfysufcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\toufwmü EIwfuywfw&m;awmf
rSm &SifoefvIyf&Sm;aevifhupm; EIwfuywfw&m;awmfonfolwkdYtm; ppfaMum
jcif;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;rScsrf;omray;cJhyg/ trSefqkd&vQif xkdacwfxdkumv
tajctaewGif EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk,HkMunfjcif;onf qif;&J'ku©cH&rnfh
tajc taersKd;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(14)wGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;
onf wNrdKUwnf;aetrsKd;om;csif;rsm;\vufü n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;
ukdcHMu&aMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/
þodkYaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsKd; MuKHawGY&aomtawGYtMuKHonf rnf
okdYjzpfcJhrnfukd &SifaygvkodaecJhygonf/ olonfvnf;rdrd\trsKd;om;csif;jzpf
aom ,k'vlrsKd;wkdY\vufüqif;&J'ku©ukd cHpm;awGYMuKHcJh&onf/ olwkdYonf ocif
a,½IukdvufcH,kHMunf&efjiif;y,fcJhMuNyD; ocifa,½Iukdar&Sd,tjzpf a<u;aMumf
a[majymaomolwkdYukdvnf; &efvkdvmMuonf (i,f? 15)/
bk&m;ocifonf wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYtm;rdrd\vlrsm;tjzpf vufcHrnfh
« 30 »
ouf
ooooo
3
&Sifaygvk\ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
1 ouf 2;13-20 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tay:ü rdcif? zcif
wpfOD;t&mü&yfwnf&SifoefcJhonf/ olYukdþtokdif;t0ef;u aEG;aEG;axG;axG;
rBudKqkdcJhMuaomfvnf; vltcsKdUuol\a[majymcsufukd vufcH,kHMunfcJhMu
onf/ &SifaygvkonfolwdkYwpfa,mufcsif;pDtwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;cJhonf (i,f? 13)/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf EIwfuywfw&m;awmfukd vlYtxH
rSjzpfwnfaomt&mtjzpfvufrcHcJhMubJ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfw&m;
tjzpfvufcHí ,kHMunfcJhMuaMumif;ukdtcef;i,f 13 wGifowdjyKMunfhyg/ bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfolwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü olwkdYMum;emae&aomt&monf
bk&m;ocifxHrSjzpfaMumif;ukd odjrifapaomem;vnfrIukd aqmifusOf;ay;cJhonf/
þtcsif;t&mtwGuf &Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/
xkdYtjyif xkdEIwfuywfawmfw&m;onf4if;ukd,kHMunfvuf cHaomolwkdYü
tvkyfvkyfaeonfhtaMumif;ukdvnf;owdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
onf touf&Sif\/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf4if;ukd,kHMunfí vufcHMuaomol
wkdY\toufwmukd ajymif;vJíjyKjyifEkdifaomwefckd;&Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmonf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfaMumif; tckdifrmqkH;oufaorSm 4if;onf
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwkdY\ toufwmukdajymif;vJjyKjyifay;cJhjcif;wGif&Sdaeonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf jyKjyifajymif;vJí ukpm;aysmufuif;apEkdif
aomwefckd;&SdaMumif;ukd &efolwkdYuodaeMuonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
rsm;txHü&Sifaygvka[majymcJhaomEIwfuywfawmfonf ,aeYtcsdeftxd
toufwmrsm;ukdajymif;vJvsuf&Sdonf/ xkdEIwfuywfawmfonft,l0g'rsm;?
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;oufoufxufykdygonf/ or®musrf;pmukdt,l0g'
oufouftwGufom ½IjrifMuaomolwkdYonftvGefwefckd;BuD;tpGrf;xufaom
t&mudk vufvGwfqkH;½IH;aeMuonf/ or®musrf;pmonftouf&Sifí xdxd
a&mufa&mufvIyf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf 4if;ukdMum;emíemcH
MurnfholwkdY\toufrsm;ukdajymif;vJí jyKjyifEkdifaomwefckd;&Sdonf/ þt&mrSm
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfüjzpfysufcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\toufwmü EIwfuywfw&m;awmf
rSm &SifoefvIyf&Sm;aevifhupm; EIwfuywfw&m;awmfonfolwkdYtm; ppfaMum
jcif;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;rScsrf;omray;cJhyg/ trSefqkd&vQif xkdacwfxdkumv
tajctaewGif EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk,HkMunfjcif;onf qif;&J'ku©cH&rnfh
tajc taersKd;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(14)wGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;
onf wNrdKUwnf;aetrsKd;om;csif;rsm;\vufü n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;
ukdcHMu&aMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/
þodkYaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsKd; MuKHawGY&aomtawGYtMuKHonf rnf
okdYjzpfcJhrnfukd &SifaygvkodaecJhygonf/ olonfvnf;rdrd\trsKd;om;csif;jzpf
aom ,k'vlrsKd;wkdY\vufüqif;&J'ku©ukd cHpm;awGYMuKHcJh&onf/ olwkdYonf ocif
a,½IukdvufcH,kHMunf&efjiif;y,fcJhMuNyD; ocifa,½Iukdar&Sd,tjzpf a<u;aMumf
a[majymaomolwkdYukdvnf; &efvkdvmMuonf (i,f? 15)/
bk&m;ocifonf wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYtm;rdrd\vlrsm;tjzpf vufcHrnfh
« 30 »
ouf
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taMumif;rSm ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ,kHMunf&eftvGefcufcJcJhonf/ olwkdY\tjrif
ü wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifhrxkdufwefyg/ tcef;i,f
(16)t& wrefawmfwkdY\a[majymjcif;tm;jzifh wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYüu,fwifjcif;
&&SdMurnfhta&;ukd rvkdvm;aom,k'vlwkdYonf wrefawmfrsm;tm;olwkdYtxHokdY
roGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif;enf;rsKd;pkHokH;í BudK;pm;[efYwm;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvk\
tqkdt& wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfysHUESHYoGm;rnfhta&;udk
[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufjcif;jzihf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYonf'kp½kduftrIukd twkdif;twmwpfck
txdpkykHxm;cJhMuonf/ þt&mrSm tvGefqkd;&Gm;aomt&mtwdyifjzpfonf/
,aeYwGifvnf; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfysHUESHYjcif;ukd enf;rsKd;pkHjzihf
uREkfyfwkdY[efYwm;aESmifh,SufaeEkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ twk,lzG,fraumif;aom
ykHOyrmqkd;rsm;jzihf [efYwm;aESmifh,SufEkdifonf/ udk,fawmf&Sifu uREkfyfwkdYtxHokdY
aqmifusOf;vmaomolwkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ra0iSjcif;tm;
jzifhvnf; [efYwm;aESmifh,SufEkdifonf/ xkdYtjyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd
oGm;ía[majymzkdYqifhac:jcif;cH&olrsm;ukd ulnDyHhykd;&efESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
&ef uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukdtokH;rjyKjcif; tm;jzihfvnf;aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;
EkdifMuonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;jcif;onf tjypf
'kp½dkufukdpkykHxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkuqkdxm;onf/ þokdYaomtjypf
'kp½kdufrsm; uREkfyfwkdYü&SdaevQif0efcsawmif;yefzdkYvkdtyfygonf/ ,k'vlwkdYtwGuf
rSmrl bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukd w&m;pD&ifNyD;cJhNyDjzpfonf (tcef;i,f 16 ukdMunfhyg)/
þtjypf'kp½kdufrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtwGufrjzpfygapESifh/
&SifaygvkoufomavmedwfNrdKUü&SdaepOfwGif olYtm;qefYusifín§if;yef;
ESdyfpufrIBuD;ay:aygufvmaomaMumifh olYukdNrdKUrSxGufcGmzkdYwGef;tm;ay;cJh&onf/
olonf,kHMunfolwkdY\tyg;rS xGufcGmoGm;&aomfvnf; enf;rsKd;pHukdtokH;jyKíol
wdkYxHodkYjyefvm&efBudK;pm;chJonfhtaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(17)wGif&Sifaygvku
,kHMunfolwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzifh olwkdYtyg;rSxGufcGmcJh&
aomfvnf;ol\ pdwftm½kHESifhqkawmif;oHwkdYrSm olwkdYESifhtwlqufí&SdaecJhonf/
olwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&mavQmufvSrf;rItajctaetwGuf tvGefpkd;&drf
ywfoufrI&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYjzwfoef;&Sifoefaeaomywf0ef;usif tajc
taeukdvnf;odcJhonf/ oludk,füuvnf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckvkH;\ qefYusif
wkdufckdufrIrsKd;ukdawGYMuKHcJh&zl;onf/ xkdYaMumifh þa'o&Sd ,HkMunfolwkdY\
vkHjcKHa&;ESifh wkd;wuf&ifhusufrItwGuf olylyefcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmftm; oGma&mufa[m
ajymaomNrdKUwkdif;rStjrJwrf;vkdvkdxGufoGm;zkdY zdtm;ay;cHcJh&onfrSm
pdwf0ifpm;zG,ftcsufjzpfonf/ olonfxkda'o&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
BuD;rm;aom0efxkyfBuD;ukd o,fykd;xm;&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYESifhtcsdeftMumBuD;ae&ef cGifhrjyKcJhyg/ &Sifaygvkonf ta&twGuf
tm;jzifhrsm;Ekdifoavmufrsm;aomvlwkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmf
tm;a[majyma0iS&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifuqifhac:cJhonfhtaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdonf/ &Sifaygvkae&ma'owpfckü tcsdefumvMumjrihf
pGmaexkdif&efrSm bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfr[kwfcJhyg/
þokdYqkd&aomfvnf; &Sifaygvkonf ol\wrefawmft½kduft&mukd
tav;teufxm;í bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;4if;wkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ü BuD;xGm;&ifh
usufvmMuzkdY jyKpkapmifha&Smufí cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&efenf;rsKd;pkHjzihfBudK;pm;
tm;xkwfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYjyefvmí ,kHMunfolrsm;
ESifhawGYqkH&eftvkd&SdcJhaomfvnf; pmwefuolukdqD;wm;cJhonfukdtcef;i,f(18)
« 32 »« 31 »
ouf
ooooo
taMumif;rSm ,k'vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ,kHMunf&eftvGefcufcJcJhonf/ olwkdY\tjrif
ü wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifhrxkdufwefyg/ tcef;i,f
(16)t& wrefawmfwkdY\a[majymjcif;tm;jzifh wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYüu,fwifjcif;
&&SdMurnfhta&;ukd rvkdvm;aom,k'vlwkdYonf wrefawmfrsm;tm;olwkdYtxHokdY
roGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif;enf;rsKd;pkHokH;í BudK;pm;[efYwm;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvk\
tqkdt& wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfysHUESHYoGm;rnfhta&;udk
[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufjcif;jzihf ,k'vlrsKd;wkdYonf'kp½kduftrIukd twkdif;twmwpfck
txdpkykHxm;cJhMuonf/ þt&mrSm tvGefqkd;&Gm;aomt&mtwdyifjzpfonf/
,aeYwGifvnf; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfysHUESHYjcif;ukd enf;rsKd;pkHjzihf
uREkfyfwkdY[efYwm;aESmifh,SufaeEkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ twk,lzG,fraumif;aom
ykHOyrmqkd;rsm;jzihf [efYwm;aESmifh,SufEkdifonf/ udk,fawmf&Sifu uREkfyfwkdYtxHokdY
aqmifusOf;vmaomolwkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd ra0iSjcif;tm;
jzifhvnf; [efYwm;aESmifh,SufEkdifonf/ xkdYtjyif owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd
oGm;ía[majymzkdYqifhac:jcif;cH&olrsm;ukd ulnDyHhykd;&efESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
&ef uREkfyfwkdY\t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukdtokH;rjyKjcif; tm;jzihfvnf;aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;
EkdifMuonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;jcif;onf tjypf
'kp½dkufukdpkykHxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkuqkdxm;onf/ þokdYaomtjypf
'kp½kdufrsm; uREkfyfwkdYü&SdaevQif0efcsawmif;yefzdkYvkdtyfygonf/ ,k'vlwkdYtwGuf
rSmrl bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukd w&m;pD&ifNyD;cJhNyDjzpfonf (tcef;i,f 16 ukdMunfhyg)/
þtjypf'kp½kdufrsKd;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtwGufrjzpfygapESifh/
&SifaygvkoufomavmedwfNrdKUü&SdaepOfwGif olYtm;qefYusifín§if;yef;
ESdyfpufrIBuD;ay:aygufvmaomaMumifh olYukdNrdKUrSxGufcGmzkdYwGef;tm;ay;cJh&onf/
olonf,kHMunfolwkdY\tyg;rS xGufcGmoGm;&aomfvnf; enf;rsKd;pHukdtokH;jyKíol
wdkYxHodkYjyefvm&efBudK;pm;chJonfhtaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(17)wGif&Sifaygvku
,kHMunfolwkdYukdajymjycJhonf/ ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzifh olwkdYtyg;rSxGufcGmcJh&
aomfvnf;ol\ pdwftm½kHESifhqkawmif;oHwkdYrSm olwkdYESifhtwlqufí&SdaecJhonf/
olwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&mavQmufvSrf;rItajctaetwGuf tvGefpkd;&drf
ywfoufrI&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYjzwfoef;&Sifoefaeaomywf0ef;usif tajc
taeukdvnf;odcJhonf/ oludk,füuvnf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckvkH;\ qefYusif
wkdufckdufrIrsKd;ukdawGYMuKHcJh&zl;onf/ xkdYaMumifh þa'o&Sd ,HkMunfolwkdY\
vkHjcKHa&;ESifh wkd;wuf&ifhusufrItwGuf olylyefcJhygonf/
&Sifaygvkonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmftm; oGma&mufa[m
ajymaomNrdKUwkdif;rStjrJwrf;vkdvkdxGufoGm;zkdY zdtm;ay;cHcJh&onfrSm
pdwf0ifpm;zG,ftcsufjzpfonf/ olonfxkda'o&Sd,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
BuD;rm;aom0efxkyfBuD;ukd o,fykd;xm;&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifu
olwkdYESifhtcsdeftMumBuD;ae&ef cGifhrjyKcJhyg/ &Sifaygvkonf ta&twGuf
tm;jzifhrsm;Ekdifoavmufrsm;aomvlwkdYtxHü owif;aumif;w&m;awmf
tm;a[majyma0iS&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifuqifhac:cJhonfhtaMumif;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdonf/ &Sifaygvkae&ma'owpfckü tcsdefumvMumjrihf
pGmaexkdif&efrSm bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfr[kwfcJhyg/
þokdYqkd&aomfvnf; &Sifaygvkonf ol\wrefawmft½kduft&mukd
tav;teufxm;í bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;4if;wkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;ü BuD;xGm;&ifh
usufvmMuzkdY jyKpkapmifha&Smufí cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&efenf;rsKd;pkHjzihfBudK;pm;
tm;xkwfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYjyefvmí ,kHMunfolrsm;
ESifhawGYqkH&eftvkd&SdcJhaomfvnf; pmwefuolukdqD;wm;cJhonfukdtcef;i,f(18)
« 32 »« 31 »
ouf
ooooo
wGifowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvkonf0dnmOfawmfESifhjynfhaeaom bk&m;ocif\vljzpfcJh
ygonf/ olonfewfqkd;rsm;ukdESifxkwfcJhNyD; ol\toufwmtm;jzihf tHhzG,ft&m
rsm;ukdbk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhonfhtjzpftysufrsm;ukd awGYMuKHcJh&aomoljzpf
aomfvnf; þae&mwGifpmwef\qD;wm;jcif;ukdcH&onf/
&Sifaygvkonf trIawmfxrf;aqmif&mü pmwefESifhtjrJvkdvkd,SOfNydKif
wkdufckdufcJh&onf/ 2 aum 22;7-9 wGif pmwefESifhvkH;yef;aecJh&onfh ol\
tawGYtMuKHukd&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onf/
igcH&aomAsm'dwfawmfjrwfü igonfaxmifvTm;aompdwf r&Sdapjcif;iSm?
ighudk'Pfcwfaom pmwef\wrefwnf;[l aomihgukd,füpl;aomql;ukd
ay;awmfrl\/ xkdqif;&Jjcif;ESifh uif;vGwfrnfhtaMumif;okH;Budrfajrmuf
atmifocifbk&m;ukdigqkawmif;í toem;cHvQifighaus;Zl;onfoihf
tzkdYavmufay\/ ighwefckd;onftm;enf;jcif;tjzpfü pkHvifwwfonf
[krdefYawmfrl\/ xkdYaMumifh c&pfawmf\wefckd;ighay:üudef;0yfrnfh
taMumif;ightm;enf;jcif;tjzpfukd 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh*kPf,ljcif;
iSmomíigtvkd&Sd\/
&Sifaygvkonf þ ]]pmwef\wref}} ESdyfpufjcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/ bk&m;
ociftxHawmfü qkawmif;toem;cHcJhaomfvnf; q&mocifuþ ]]ukd,füpl;
aomql;}} ukdrz,f&Sm;ay;cJhyg/ &Sifaygvk oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYoGm;í,kHMunfol
wkdYukdcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;rnfhta&;ukd pmwefrSrnfokdYqD;wm;cJhonfukd þusrf;
ykd'fwGifawGYEkdifonf/
þtjzpftysufrS uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;&efvkdtyfaom tcsuf(2)csuf&Sd
onf/ yxrtcsufrSm pmwefonfwuf<uvIyf&Sm; aeaomfvnf; &Sifaygvk\
tajctaet&yf&yfukdxdef;csKyfaeolrSm bk&m;ocifyifjzpfíonf/ &efolonf
a,mbtxHrS olykdifqkdifaomt&mtm;vkH; rnfokdYcGm,lcJhonfukdowd&apyg
onf/ pmwefonf rdrdü&SdorQtpGrf;ukdtukefokH;cJhaomfvnf; tqkH;wGifocif
bk&m;omatmifyGJcHcJhonf/ a,mbonfppfaMumjcif;umvwGifuG,fum
apmifrjcif;cH&NyD; tqkH;wGifomíBuD;aomaumif;csD;rsm;ukday;cH&onf/ bk&m;
ocifonfrdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf pmwefukdyiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf/ &Sifaygvk\
]]ukd,füpl;aomql;}} rSmvnf;tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu &Sifaygvktm;
rdrdonfolYukdqufvufí 'ku©a0'emukday;&ef ]]pmwef\wref}}ukdtcGifhay;rnf
jzpfaomfvnf; xkdwreftm;jzifh rdrd\wefckd;ukdoufaojyrnf[k ajymjycJhonf/
&Sifaygvk oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYoGm;rnfhta&;ukd pmwefuqD;wm;cJhaomf
vnf;pmwefü xdef;csKyfykdifaomtmPm&Sdonf[krqkdvkdyg/ pmwef\vkyfaqmif
csufrsm;ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifonfrdrdbkef;awmfukdxif&Sm;apygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYoGm;í ,kHMunfolwkdYESifhrawGYqkHEkdifcJhvifh
upm; oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfrSm wkd;yGm;vsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdYonf
teD;tem;&SdvlwkdYtwGuf yHkOyrmaumif;rsm;jzpfcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
&Sifaygvk rygbJolwkdYukd&ifhusufvmap&ef olwkdY&ifqdkifawGYBuKHcJhaom ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKcJhyg onf/
þae&mü uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;&rnfh 'kwd,tcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
atmifjrifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\tjrifüatmifjrifrIESifhtjrJwrf;awmhrwlyg
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYrSm bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf[laom ykHum;csyf
wpfckvkH;udkjynfhjynfhpkHpkH½Ijrif&ef tjrJvkdvkdysufuGufwwfMuygonf/ &Sifaygvk
onftoufwmukd ]]ukd,füpl;aomql;}} ESifhtwljzwfoef;cJh&onf/ þokdY ql;pl;
'PfukdcHaevifhupm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfrSm qufíysHUESHYcJhygonf/ tqkH;
« 34 »« 33 »
ouf
ooooo
wGifowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvkonf0dnmOfawmfESifhjynfhaeaom bk&m;ocif\vljzpfcJh
ygonf/ olonfewfqkd;rsm;ukdESifxkwfcJhNyD; ol\toufwmtm;jzihf tHhzG,ft&m
rsm;ukdbk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhonfhtjzpftysufrsm;ukd awGYMuKHcJh&aomoljzpf
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&Sifaygvkonf trIawmfxrf;aqmif&mü pmwefESifhtjrJvkdvkd,SOfNydKif
wkdufckdufcJh&onf/ 2 aum 22;7-9 wGif pmwefESifhvkH;yef;aecJh&onfh ol\
tawGYtMuKHukd&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onf/
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ighudk'Pfcwfaom pmwef\wrefwnf;[l aomihgukd,füpl;aomql;ukd
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atmifocifbk&m;ukdigqkawmif;í toem;cHvQifighaus;Zl;onfoihf
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taMumif;ightm;enf;jcif;tjzpfukd 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh*kPf,ljcif;
iSmomíigtvkd&Sd\/
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tajctaet&yf&yfukdxdef;csKyfaeolrSm bk&m;ocifyifjzpfíonf/ &efolonf
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apmifrjcif;cH&NyD; tqkH;wGifomíBuD;aomaumif;csD;rsm;ukday;cH&onf/ bk&m;
ocifonfrdrd\bkef;awmftwGuf pmwefukdyiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf/ &Sifaygvk\
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jzpfaomfvnf; xkdwreftm;jzifh rdrd\wefckd;ukdoufaojyrnf[k ajymjycJhonf/
&Sifaygvk oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYoGm;rnfhta&;ukd pmwefuqD;wm;cJhaomf
vnf;pmwefü xdef;csKyfykdifaomtmPm&Sdonf[krqkdvkdyg/ pmwef\vkyfaqmif
csufrsm;ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifonfrdrdbkef;awmfukdxif&Sm;apygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwfNrdKUokdYoGm;í ,kHMunfolwkdYESifhrawGYqkHEkdifcJhvifh
upm; oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfrSm wkd;yGm;vsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdYonf
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&Sifaygvk rygbJolwkdYukd&ifhusufvmap&ef olwkdY&ifqdkifawGYBuKHcJhaom ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKcJhyg onf/
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atmifjrifjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\tjrifüatmifjrifrIESifhtjrJwrf;awmhrwlyg
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wpfckvkH;udkjynfhjynfhpkHpkH½Ijrif&ef tjrJvkdvkdysufuGufwwfMuygonf/ &Sifaygvk
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« 34 »« 33 »
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aomfvnf; bk&m;ocif oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd omoemjyefYyGm;a&;tpDtpOfukd
aumif;csD;ay;cJhygonf/ pmwef\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwkdYrSm oJxJa&oGef
½IH;edrfhcJh&onf/
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jcif;ESifhOD;&pfo&zljzpfMuaMumif;ukdowday;&if; þtcef;BuD;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;onf/
ocifbk&m;\a&SUawmfü olwkdYonf&Sifaygvk\bkef;toa&jzpfMuvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\taMumif;ukdpOf;pm;aom
tcgwGif0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhjynhfcJh&onf/ olwkdYonf tcuftcJrsm;ukd&ifqkdif
awGYMuKHcJh&aomfvnf; ocifbk&m;udk,kHMunfvufcHvmMuonfhtjzpfaMumifh
&SifaygvkrSmMunfEl;yDwdjzpfcJh&onf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd olwkdY,kHMunfvufcH
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aMumifh&Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifvsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdY
aexkdif&mNrdKUü BuD;rm;aomtwm;tqD;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifawGYMuKHcJhMuvifhupm;
bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYukd &ifhusufapawmfrlcJhonfhtwGuf &SifaygvktvGef0rf;
ajrmufcJh&onf/
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onf/ OD;&pfo&zlqkdonfrSm opöm&Sd&SdtrIawmfukdxrf;&GufcJhMuaom ,kHMunfol
rsm;twGufqkvmbfjzpfonf[k or®musrf;pmwGifawGY&onf/ þOD;&pfo&zlukd
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qkukd&rnfhtaMumif;ajy;Muavmh/ NydKifyGJüNydKifí tcsif;csif;xkdufaomol
rnfonfum; t&m&müwyfrufjcif;ukdcsKyfwnf;wwf\/ xkdolwkdYonf
nd§K;EGrf;ysufpD;wwfaom yef;OD;&pfukd&jcif;tvkdiSmjyKMu\/ igwkdYrlum;
rnd§K;EGrf;rysufpD;Ekdifaom yef;OD;&pfukd&jcif;tvkdYiSmjyKMu\/}}
&Sifaygvkonfqkukd&vkdcJhonf/ olonfocifbk&m;ukd auseyf
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trIawmfukdxrf;&GufcJhonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf olYOD;&pf
o&zl\tpdwftykdif;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf&SifaygvkBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif
rI\toD;tyGifhrsm;jzpfMuNyD; xkdt&mtwGufolonf aumif;uifbHkü
qkvmbfukdvufcH&&Sdygvdrhfrnf/
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<uqif;vmaomtcg xkdocif\a&SUawmfüolwkdYonf ol\bkef;toa&jzpfMu
rnfhtaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ olwkdYtwGuf*kPf,lcJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;
jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif &Sifaygvkt&Su fruGJaprnfh taMumif;t&if;
rSm olwkdYyifjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfolwkdYukdocifbk&m;tm; opöm&Sd&Sdxrf;&GufcJh
aomtrIawmf\toD;tyGifhrsm;tjzpf qufoEkdifcJhygvdrhfrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
EIwfuywfawmfukd,kHMunfjcif;ESifhEIwfuywfawmftwkdif; &Sifoefaexkdif
jcif;wkdY\ qufpyfrIum;tb,fenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfukdemcHzkdY tpOfoifh
« 36 »« 35 »
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aomfvnf; bk&m;ocif oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd omoemjyefYyGm;a&;tpDtpOfukd
aumif;csD;ay;cJhygonf/ pmwef\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwkdYrSm oJxJa&oGef
½IH;edrfhcJh&onf/
&Sifaygvku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;4if;wkdYonf ol\arQmfvifhjcif;? 0rf;ajrmuf
jcif;ESifhOD;&pfo&zljzpfMuaMumif;ukdowday;&if; þtcef;BuD;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;onf/
ocifbk&m;\a&SUawmfü olwkdYonf&Sifaygvk\bkef;toa&jzpfMuvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY\taMumif;ukdpOf;pm;aom
tcgwGif0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhjynhfcJh&onf/ olwkdYonf tcuftcJrsm;ukd&ifqkdif
awGYMuKHcJh&aomfvnf; ocifbk&m;udk,kHMunfvufcHvmMuonfhtjzpfaMumifh
&SifaygvkrSmMunfEl;yDwdjzpfcJh&onf/ ocifc&pfawmfukd olwkdY,kHMunfvufcH
cJhMuonfhjzpfpOfü wpfpdwfwpfykdif;tm;jzihfyg0ifEkdif&efolukd tcGifhxl;ay;cJhaom
aMumifh&Sifaygvkonfbk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifvsuf&SdaecJhonf/ olwkdY
aexkdif&mNrdKUü BuD;rm;aomtwm;tqD;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifawGYMuKHcJhMuvifhupm;
bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYukd &ifhusufapawmfrlcJhonfhtwGuf &SifaygvktvGef0rf;
ajrmufcJh&onf/
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onf/ OD;&pfo&zlqkdonfrSm opöm&Sd&SdtrIawmfukdxrf;&GufcJhMuaom ,kHMunfol
rsm;twGufqkvmbfjzpfonf[k or®musrf;pmwGifawGY&onf/ þOD;&pfo&zlukd
&Sifaygvku 1 aum? 9;24-25 wGifajymjyxm;onfrSm-
]]ajrwvif;üNydKifíajy;Muaomoltaygif;wkdYonf NydKifíajy;Muaomf
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qkukd&rnfhtaMumif;ajy;Muavmh/ NydKifyGJüNydKifí tcsif;csif;xkdufaomol
rnfonfum; t&m&müwyfrufjcif;ukdcsKyfwnf;wwf\/ xkdolwkdYonf
nd§K;EGrf;ysufpD;wwfaom yef;OD;&pfukd&jcif;tvkdiSmjyKMu\/ igwkdYrlum;
rnd§K;EGrf;rysufpD;Ekdifaom yef;OD;&pfukd&jcif;tvkdYiSmjyKMu\/}}
&Sifaygvkonfqkukd&vkdcJhonf/ olonfocifbk&m;ukd auseyf
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aqmif;Ekdif&ef[laom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifhtwl aexkdiftouf&Sif&if;
trIawmfukdxrf;&GufcJhonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf olYOD;&pf
o&zl\tpdwftykdif;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonf&SifaygvkBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif
rI\toD;tyGifhrsm;jzpfMuNyD; xkdt&mtwGufolonf aumif;uifbHkü
qkvmbfukdvufcH&&Sdygvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmaomtcg xkdocif\a&SUawmfüolwkdYonf ol\bkef;toa&jzpfMu
rnfhtaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ olwkdYtwGuf*kPf,lcJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;
jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcgwGif &Sifaygvkt&Su fruGJaprnfh taMumif;t&if;
rSm olwkdYyifjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfolwkdYukdocifbk&m;tm; opöm&Sd&Sdxrf;&GufcJh
aomtrIawmf\toD;tyGifhrsm;tjzpf qufoEkdifcJhygvdrhfrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
EIwfuywfawmfukd,kHMunfjcif;ESifhEIwfuywfawmftwkdif; &Sifoefaexkdif
jcif;wkdY\ qufpyfrIum;tb,fenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfukdemcHzkdY tpOfoifh
« 36 »« 35 »
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bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf oifhtoufwmtm;rnfokdYjyKjyif
ajymif;vJvsuf&SdaecJhoenf;/
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tcsKdUjzifh uREkfyfwkdY[efYwm;aESmifh,SufaeEkdifMuygovJ/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\bkef;awmfxif&Sm;zkdY&eftwGuf pmwefukdyiftokH;
jyKaeygonf[laomtcsufrS rnfonfht&mukdoif oif,l&ygoenf;/
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ukdqufo&efoihfütb,ft&m&Sdygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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pmwefonfuREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckdufí zdpD;ESdyfpufaomtcsdeftcgwGifyif
bk&m;ocif\ emrawmftm;jzihfatmifEkdifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&&SdEkdifaom
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rnfhta&;rSoifhukdumuG,fzkdY&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
rdrdtm;opöm&Sd&SdjzihftapcHaeaomolwkdYtay:ü uwdjyKxm;aom
qkvmbfrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þavmuüoifxrf;&Gufaeaom trIawmftwGufomí BuD;rm;aom
toD;tyGifhukday;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 38 »« 37 »
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bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf oifhtoufwmtm;rnfokdYjyKjyif
ajymif;vJvsuf&SdaecJhoenf;/
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tcsKdUjzifh uREkfyfwkdY[efYwm;aESmifh,SufaeEkdifMuygovJ/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\bkef;awmfxif&Sm;zkdY&eftwGuf pmwefukdyiftokH;
jyKaeygonf[laomtcsufrS rnfonfht&mukdoif oif,l&ygoenf;/
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ajymjyxm;ygoenf;/
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aomtrIawmfjrwf\ toD;tyGifhtjzpfqufocJhygvdhrfrnf/ bk&m;ocif
ukdqufo&efoihfütb,ft&m&Sdygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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xm;í&aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
pmwefonfuREkfyfwkdYukdwkdufckdufí zdpD;ESdyfpufaomtcsdeftcgwGifyif
bk&m;ocif\ emrawmftm;jzihfatmifEkdifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY&&SdEkdifaom
aMumifh bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
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rnfhta&;rSoifhukdumuG,fzkdY&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
rdrdtm;opöm&Sd&SdjzihftapcHaeaomolwkdYtay:ü uwdjyKxm;aom
qkvmbfrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
þavmuüoifxrf;&Gufaeaom trIawmftwGufomí BuD;rm;aom
toD;tyGifhukday;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 38 »« 37 »
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1 ouf 3;1-13 ukdzwfyg/
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0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh OD;&pfo&zljzpfaMumif;ukd ueOD;tcef;BuD;wGiftoday;cJhonf/
olwkdYawGocifbk&m;txHokdY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;twGuf &Sifaygvküwm0ef&SdaecJhNyD;
,ckwGifvnf;olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfESifh&if;ESD;qufqHrIküqufvufí
wkd;wuf&ifhusufvmrnfhtaMumif;pdwfESvkH;xJü0efxkyf0efBuD;ukd xrf;xm;ae
&onf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf ocifa,½ItxHüjyK vkyfxm;
aom 4if;wkdY\qufuyftyfEHSrItwGufaMumifh qif;&J'ku©ukd tBuD;tus,f
&ifqkdifaeMu&onf/ olwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeaom b0tajctaersm;
ESifhpyfvsOf;í &SifaygvkrSmpkd;&drfylyefaecJh&onf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif &Sifaygvku,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdtmoifNrdKUü&SdpOf
wGifolwdkYtwGufxm;&Sdaom rdrd\pkd;&drfylyefrIukdratmifhtD;Ekdifaom tcgwGif
olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&if; cGeftm;ay;zkdYwdarmaoukdapvTwfcJh&
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ueOD;tcef;BuD;wGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;
txHokdY &Sifaygvkukd,fwkdifukd,fa&mufroGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif; pmwefu[efYwm;
aESmifh,SufcJhonfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonfþ
toif;awmfukd 4if;wkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHaeaom cufcJqif;&Jjcif;üESpfodrfh&if; wkduf
wGef;EId;aqmfay;zkdY pdwftm;xufoefaecJhaomaMumifh rdrdukd,fpm;wdarmaoukd
þcufcJyifyef;csdefüolwkdY tm;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGuf apvTwfcJhonf/
olwkdYtwGufxm;&daom &Sifaygvk\eufeJaom pkd;&drfylyefay;rIukdawGY
jrif&csdefwGif þt&monfolwkdYtwGuf tb,frQESpfodrfhtm;ay;&mjzpfaecJhyg
rnfenf;/ olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;aMumifhwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
]]ra&&mraocsm}} rjzpfrnfhtaMumif;,kHMunfjcif;ü olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&ef
twGuf wdarmaoukdapvTwfcJh&aMumif;ukdowdjyKyg (i,f 2)/ ,kHMunfol
rsm;u4if;wkdY&ifqkdifae&aom qif;&J'ku©tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfcsufü oHo,
pdwfrsm;jzpfay:vmMurnfukd &Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf/ 4if;wkdY\
oHo,ar;cGef;rsm;ukdajzMum;ay;&eftwGuf wdarmaoukdapvTwfzkdY &Sifaygvk
qkH;jzwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frsm;wGif c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfta&;BuD;ykHukduREkfyf
wkdYawGYjrifMu&onf/ þuJhokdYaomtcsdefwGifoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmf
onf ulnDyHhykd;rIESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;rIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaMumuf&GHUí
0dnmOfa&;&mü&ifh usufaomacgif;aqmifrsm;ukdvkdtyfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\vlwkdYwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tcsif;csif;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EkdifMuapzkdYoefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf wefckd;tpGrf;rsm;ukdtpOfay;ygvdrhfrnf/ wdarmaorSm
þtoif;awmfukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmfzkdY bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fcefYxm;aomoljzpf
onf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKUü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdqefYusifí twkduf
tcHjyKaerIrsm;ukd wrefawmf&SifaygvkodcJhygonf/ rdrd\,kHMunfcsufaMumifhf
tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcHae&jcif;ukd &Sifaygvk rtHhMocJhyg/
olwkdYtwGufompkd;&drfylyefcJh&onf/ olwkdYrnfokdYaomtajctaersKd;ü
&SdaeMuonfukdodvkdcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;4if;wkdY\,HkMunfcsufrsm;ukd
« 40 »
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wdarmaoxHrSowif;pum;
1 ouf 3;1-13 ukdzwfyg/
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYonfrdrd\
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh OD;&pfo&zljzpfaMumif;ukd ueOD;tcef;BuD;wGiftoday;cJhonf/
olwkdYawGocifbk&m;txHokdY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;twGuf &Sifaygvküwm0ef&SdaecJhNyD;
,ckwGifvnf;olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmfESifh&if;ESD;qufqHrIküqufvufí
wkd;wuf&ifhusufvmrnfhtaMumif;pdwfESvkH;xJü0efxkyf0efBuD;ukd xrf;xm;ae
&onf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf ocifa,½ItxHüjyK vkyfxm;
aom 4if;wkdY\qufuyftyfEHSrItwGufaMumifh qif;&J'ku©ukd tBuD;tus,f
&ifqkdifaeMu&onf/ olwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeaom b0tajctaersm;
ESifhpyfvsOf;í &SifaygvkrSmpkd;&drfylyefaecJh&onf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif &Sifaygvku,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdtmoifNrdKUü&SdpOf
wGifolwdkYtwGufxm;&Sdaom rdrd\pkd;&drfylyefrIukdratmifhtD;Ekdifaom tcgwGif
olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&if; cGeftm;ay;zkdYwdarmaoukdapvTwfcJh&
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ueOD;tcef;BuD;wGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;
txHokdY &Sifaygvkukd,fwkdifukd,fa&mufroGm;EkdifrnfhtaMumif; pmwefu[efYwm;
aESmifh,SufcJhonfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonfþ
toif;awmfukd 4if;wkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHaeaom cufcJqif;&Jjcif;üESpfodrfh&if; wkduf
wGef;EId;aqmfay;zkdY pdwftm;xufoefaecJhaomaMumifh rdrdukd,fpm;wdarmaoukd
þcufcJyifyef;csdefüolwkdY tm;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&eftwGuf apvTwfcJhonf/
olwkdYtwGufxm;&daom &Sifaygvk\eufeJaom pkd;&drfylyefay;rIukdawGY
jrif&csdefwGif þt&monfolwkdYtwGuf tb,frQESpfodrfhtm;ay;&mjzpfaecJhyg
rnfenf;/ olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;aMumifhwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
]]ra&&mraocsm}} rjzpfrnfhtaMumif;,kHMunfjcif;ü olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&ef
twGuf wdarmaoukdapvTwfcJh&aMumif;ukdowdjyKyg (i,f 2)/ ,kHMunfol
rsm;u4if;wkdY&ifqkdifae&aom qif;&J'ku©tm;jzihf 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfcsufü oHo,
pdwfrsm;jzpfay:vmMurnfukd &Sifaygvkem;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf/ 4if;wkdY\
oHo,ar;cGef;rsm;ukdajzMum;ay;&eftwGuf wdarmaoukdapvTwfzkdY &Sifaygvk
qkH;jzwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
þusrf;ykd'fi,frsm;wGif c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfta&;BuD;ykHukduREkfyf
wkdYawGYjrifMu&onf/ þuJhokdYaomtcsdefwGifoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmf
onf ulnDyHhykd;rIESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;rIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifukdaMumuf&GHUí
0dnmOfa&;&mü&ifh usufaomacgif;aqmifrsm;ukdvkdtyfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\vlwkdYwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tcsif;csif;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EkdifMuapzkdYoefY&Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf wefckd;tpGrf;rsm;ukdtpOfay;ygvdrhfrnf/ wdarmaorSm
þtoif;awmfukdwkdufwGef;EId;aqmfzkdY bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fcefYxm;aomoljzpf
onf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKUü owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdqefYusifí twkduf
tcHjyKaerIrsm;ukd wrefawmf&SifaygvkodcJhygonf/ rdrd\,kHMunfcsufaMumifhf
tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcHae&jcif;ukd &Sifaygvk rtHhMocJhyg/
olwkdYtwGufompkd;&drfylyefcJh&onf/ olwkdYrnfokdYaomtajctaersKd;ü
&SdaeMuonfukdodvkdcJhonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;4if;wkdY\,HkMunfcsufrsm;ukd
« 40 »
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pGefYvTwfoGm;Mu&ef pmwefonfolwkdYudkpkHprf; aESmifh,SufrnfhtaMumif; ukdvnf;
odaecJhonf/ ,kHMunfolwkdY rdrdwkdY&ifqkdifae& aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESifh n§if;yef;
ESdyfpufrIrsm;ukd MuHhMuHhcH&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ausmfvTm;EkdifMu&ef cGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;jcif; r[mwm0efBuD;wpf&yfESifhtwl&Sifaygvkonf wdarmao
ukdapvTwfcJhonf/
toif;awmf\owif;pum;rsm;ESifhtwl wdarmaooufwmavmedwf
NrdKUrSjyefa&mufvmaomtcgor,onf &SifaygvktwGuftb,frQaom
aumif;csD;r*Fvmwpfyg;jzpfcJhygrnfenf;/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\
toufwmückdifrmaom ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhBuD;pGmaomcspfjcif;wkdYukdawGYjrifcJh&
aMumif;wdarmaou&SifaygvkukdajymjycJhonf(i,f 6)/ xkdYtjyif oufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u&SifaygvkESifhol\ vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm; ukdtb,frQ
xifxif &Sm;&Sm;owd&rSwfrdaeMuaMumif;ukdvnf;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukd awGYjrifcsifoavmuf olwkdYuvnf;&SifaygvkukdawGYjrifcsifcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvk twGuftvGef0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;aumif;jzpfcJhygonf/
oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwdkYu ,kHMunfcsufukdrpGefYvTwfcJhonftaMumif;ukd
0rf;omtm;&jzifhMum;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(8)wGif ]],ckrSmoifwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifüwnfMunf vQifigwkdYonftouf&SifMuonf}}[kajymcJhonf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGifxrf;aqmifcJhaomtrIawmfjrwfonftv
[morjzpfcJh[laomowif;onf &Sifaygvkukdvlopf? pdwfopfESifhtm;rmefopf
rsm;ukday;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onfvnf; þokdYaomcGeftm;ay;ESpf
odrfhrIrsKd;ukd trIawmfxrf;&Guf&müvkdtyfMuonf/ rMumcPqkdovkdyif
bk&m;ocifujyKwif;wHcg;rsm;ukdzGifhí uREkfyfwdkYvkyfaqmifrIrsm;\toD;tyGifhukd
awGYjrifapygvdrhfrnf/ þt&muopfvGifvef;qef;aom cGeftm;ESifhZGJvkHYv
wkdYukday;ygonf/ wdarmaoaqmif,lvmcJhaom owif;pum;rsm;aMumifh
&Sifaygvk\pdwfESvkH;xJü bk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf; axmremjyKjcif;rsm;ESifhjynfhvQHaecJh
ygonf/ ]]igwkdY\bk&m;ocifa&SUü oifwkdY\taMumif;aMumifh igwkdYcH&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;taygif;ukdaxmufí? oifwkdYtaMumif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfukdtb,fokdYqyfEkdifoenf;}} [k 1 ouf 3;9 wGifar;cJhonf/ olwkdY
txHodkYwpfzefoGm;a&mufí trIawmfaqmifEkdifrnfhtcGifhta&; ukd&&SdEkdifrnfh
taMumif;omíqkawmif;&ef þtcsif;t&mu &SifaygvkukdcGeftm;opfrsm;ay;
cJhonf (i,f 10)/
&Sifaygvkonf þtykdif;ukdoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwkdYtwGufjyK
vkyfaomqkawmif;csuf(3)csufjzihf tqkH;owfxm;ygonf/ ol\yxrqkawmif;
csufrSm olwkdYtxHokdYoGm;a&mufvnfywfEkdif&ef c&D;vrf;ukdbk&m;ocifu&Sif;
vif;ay;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf(i,f 11)/ &Sifaygvk\ pdwfqE´rSm
olwkdYESifhukd,fwkdifukd,fusaexdkifí olwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;&ef
ESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&efyifjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvk\'kwd,qkawmif;csufrSm olwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmrsm;wkd;yGm;í
jynfhvQHvmatmif bk&m;cifuzefwD;ay;zkdYjzpfonf/ wpfpkHwpfckjynfhvQH
ípd;usvmzkdY&efrSm yxrOD;pGmavmif;jznfhzkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
arwåmukdoifukd,fwkdifrodvQif xkdcspfjcif;arwåmonf oifhüjynfhvQHpD;usrvm
Ekdifyg/ bmrQr&Sdjcif;xJrS tb,ft&mukdrQoifxkwfíray;Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmjzihf jynfhae½kHomruvQHíusvmzkdYtvkdYiSm bk&m;
ocifonf xkdcspfjcif;arwåmjzifhjynfhaeMu&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:cJhygonf/
« 42 »« 41 »
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pGefYvTwfoGm;Mu&ef pmwefonfolwkdYudkpkHprf; aESmifh,SufrnfhtaMumif; ukdvnf;
odaecJhonf/ ,kHMunfolwkdY rdrdwkdY&ifqkdifae& aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESifh n§if;yef;
ESdyfpufrIrsm;ukd MuHhMuHhcH&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ausmfvTm;EkdifMu&ef cGeftm;
ay;wkdufwGef;jcif; r[mwm0efBuD;wpf&yfESifhtwl&Sifaygvkonf wdarmao
ukdapvTwfcJhonf/
toif;awmf\owif;pum;rsm;ESifhtwl wdarmaooufwmavmedwf
NrdKUrSjyefa&mufvmaomtcgor,onf &SifaygvktwGuftb,frQaom
aumif;csD;r*Fvmwpfyg;jzpfcJhygrnfenf;/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\
toufwmückdifrmaom ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhBuD;pGmaomcspfjcif;wkdYukdawGYjrifcJh&
aMumif;wdarmaou&SifaygvkukdajymjycJhonf(i,f 6)/ xkdYtjyif oufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u&SifaygvkESifhol\ vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm; ukdtb,frQ
xifxif &Sm;&Sm;owd&rSwfrdaeMuaMumif;ukdvnf;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukd awGYjrifcsifoavmuf olwkdYuvnf;&SifaygvkukdawGYjrifcsifcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvk twGuftvGef0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;aumif;jzpfcJhygonf/
oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwdkYu ,kHMunfcsufukdrpGefYvTwfcJhonftaMumif;ukd
0rf;omtm;&jzifhMum;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(8)wGif ]],ckrSmoifwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifüwnfMunf vQifigwkdYonftouf&SifMuonf}}[kajymcJhonf/
oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGifxrf;aqmifcJhaomtrIawmfjrwfonftv
[morjzpfcJh[laomowif;onf &Sifaygvkukdvlopf? pdwfopfESifhtm;rmefopf
rsm;ukday;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onfvnf; þokdYaomcGeftm;ay;ESpf
odrfhrIrsKd;ukd trIawmfxrf;&Guf&müvkdtyfMuonf/ rMumcPqkdovkdyif
bk&m;ocifujyKwif;wHcg;rsm;ukdzGifhí uREkfyfwdkYvkyfaqmifrIrsm;\toD;tyGifhukd
awGYjrifapygvdrhfrnf/ þt&muopfvGifvef;qef;aom cGeftm;ESifhZGJvkHYv
wkdYukday;ygonf/ wdarmaoaqmif,lvmcJhaom owif;pum;rsm;aMumifh
&Sifaygvk\pdwfESvkH;xJü bk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf; axmremjyKjcif;rsm;ESifhjynfhvQHaecJh
ygonf/ ]]igwkdY\bk&m;ocifa&SUü oifwkdY\taMumif;aMumifh igwkdYcH&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;taygif;ukdaxmufí? oifwkdYtaMumif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfukdtb,fokdYqyfEkdifoenf;}} [k 1 ouf 3;9 wGifar;cJhonf/ olwkdY
txHodkYwpfzefoGm;a&mufí trIawmfaqmifEkdifrnfhtcGifhta&; ukd&&SdEkdifrnfh
taMumif;omíqkawmif;&ef þtcsif;t&mu &SifaygvkukdcGeftm;opfrsm;ay;
cJhonf (i,f 10)/
&Sifaygvkonf þtykdif;ukdoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwkdYtwGufjyK
vkyfaomqkawmif;csuf(3)csufjzihf tqkH;owfxm;ygonf/ ol\yxrqkawmif;
csufrSm olwkdYtxHokdYoGm;a&mufvnfywfEkdif&ef c&D;vrf;ukdbk&m;ocifu&Sif;
vif;ay;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf(i,f 11)/ &Sifaygvk\ pdwfqE´rSm
olwkdYESifhukd,fwkdifukd,fusaexdkifí olwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;&ef
ESifhcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;&efyifjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvk\'kwd,qkawmif;csufrSm olwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmrsm;wkd;yGm;í
jynfhvQHvmatmif bk&m;cifuzefwD;ay;zkdYjzpfonf/ wpfpkHwpfckjynfhvQH
ípd;usvmzkdY&efrSm yxrOD;pGmavmif;jznfhzkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
arwåmukdoifukd,fwkdifrodvQif xkdcspfjcif;arwåmonf oifhüjynfhvQHpD;usrvm
Ekdifyg/ bmrQr&Sdjcif;xJrS tb,ft&mukdrQoifxkwfíray;Ekdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf
bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmjzihf jynfhae½kHomruvQHíusvmzkdYtvkdYiSm bk&m;
ocifonf xkdcspfjcif;arwåmjzifhjynfhaeMu&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:cJhygonf/
« 42 »« 41 »
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\tdrfawmfom;rsm;txHokdYjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;cspfjcif;
arwåmjynfhvQHvQuf pD;qif;roGm;apMuonfhtjzpfukdawGYjrifcJh&onfh tb,frQ
aomolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukdausmckdif;oGm;NyD;cJhMuoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtcsif;csif;
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; OD;pGmrcspfEkdifMuvQif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;ywf0ef;usifü tb,f
okdYaomoufaoaumif;rsm; uREkfyfwkdYjzpfEkdifMurnfenf;/ c&pfawmfüwnfaeMu
aom uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd cspfjcif;trIukd uREkfyfwkdY\ESvkH;om;ü
yxrOD;pGmrawGYEkdifvQif r,HkMunfolwkdYtxHü ocifbk&m;\cspfjcif;arwåm
w&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYajymqkdoufaocHEkdifMurnfenf;/
oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolrsm;\toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf\cspf
jcif;arwåmw&m;jynfh0vmNyD; tcsif;csif;txHokdY vQHuspD;qif;vmaomtcg
aemufwpfqifhrSm xdkcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkvlwkdif;tm;a0iS&efyifjzpfcJhonf/
xkdodkYa0iS&mwGif r,kHMunfol rsm;ESifhtoif;awmfjyify&Sdvlrsm;yg0ifcJhMuygonf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmukdolwdkYukd,f wkdifawGYMuKHcHpm;í tcsif;csif;tMum;ü oufaojy
cJhrSomvQif tjcm;olwpfOD;ukdqufvufía0iSEkdifcJhMuayrnf/ xkdtcsif;t&m
olwkdY txJütrSefwu,fjzpfysufaomtcg olwkdYteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;
txHokdYvnf; vQHusípD;qif;EkdifapcJhMuonf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\wwd,qkawmif;
csufrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif;vGwfí oefY&Sif;jcif;
yg&rDückdifcHhapzkdYiSm olwkdYtm;ocifukd,fawmfbk&m;rS cGeftm;opfrsm;ay;oem;zkdY
jzpfonf/ awGYMuKHae&aomqif;&J'ku©rsm; uif;&Sif;aysmufuG,foGm;rnfh
taMumif; &Sifaygvkqkrawmif;cJhaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ oufomavm
edwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf,ckawGYMuKHae&aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rSmueOD;
uwnf;u cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;NyD;om;jzpfaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f(3)
wGifajymjyxm;onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\toufwmonf
tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif;vGwfí oefY&Sif;jcif;t&mokdY a&muf&eftvkdYiSm bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&aomppfaMumjcif;ukdtokH;jyKrnfhtaMumif;&Sifaygvk
uþae&mwGifqkawmif;ay;xm;onf/ rD;jyif;zkdrSxGufvmaom jyif;xefonfh
rD;awmufrsm;yrm þppfaMumjcif;rsm;onf4if;\roefY&Sif;jcif;? rpifMu,fjcif;
rsm;ukdavmifNr§dKufoGm;í 4if;wkdYukdocifbk&m;ESifhykdíeD;pyf&if;ESD;vmatmif
qGJac:oGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonfppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd
tokH;jyKí uREkfyfwkdYukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,faprnfhtjzpfukd tcGifhay;Murnfhtpm;?
xkdt&mrsm;ESifhvGwfuif;atmif b,fESBudrfb,fEScgrsm; xGufajy;a&Smif&Sm;cJhMuyg
oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf toufwmyifyef;qif;&Jjcif;? cufcJjcif;rsm;ukd
rvGJraoG&ifqkdifawGYMuKHMu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifucGifhjyKxm;aom tcuftcJrsm;
tm;jzihfuREkfyfwkdYrSmoefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif oufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolrsm;onfowif;
aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf 'ku©qif;&Jukd&ifqkdifawGYMuHKMu&ef ueOD;uwnf;
uyifcGJcefYrSwfom;xm;NyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifMu&onf/ xkdokdYaom
tcuftcJrsm;tv,füyif olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmESifh txl;<u,f0vsuf? xkd
cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;onf olwdkYtcsif;csif;tay:ü4if;? olwkdY\tokdif;t0ef;rsm;
tay:üvnf;aumif; jynfhvQHvQufpD;qif;oGm;ap&ef bk&m;ocifjyKawmfrlrnfh
taMumif;&Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ olwkdY&if qkdifae&aomppfaMumjcif;
ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYukdoefYpifí rdrdtxHyg;okdYqGJac:vm&ef
« 44 »« 43 »
ouf
ooooo
þcspfjcif;arwåmjynfhvQHípD;qif;oGm;&rnfh yxrae&mrSmbk&m;ocif
\tdrfawmfom;rsm;txHokdYjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;cspfjcif;
arwåmjynfhvQHvQuf pD;qif;roGm;apMuonfhtjzpfukdawGYjrifcJh&onfh tb,frQ
aomolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ukdausmckdif;oGm;NyD;cJhMuoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtcsif;csif;
wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; OD;pGmrcspfEkdifMuvQif uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;ywf0ef;usifü tb,f
okdYaomoufaoaumif;rsm; uREkfyfwkdYjzpfEkdifMurnfenf;/ c&pfawmfüwnfaeMu
aom uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd cspfjcif;trIukd uREkfyfwkdY\ESvkH;om;ü
yxrOD;pGmrawGYEkdifvQif r,HkMunfolwkdYtxHü ocifbk&m;\cspfjcif;arwåm
w&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYajymqkdoufaocHEkdifMurnfenf;/
oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolrsm;\toufwmü ocifc&pfawmf\cspf
jcif;arwåmw&m;jynfh0vmNyD; tcsif;csif;txHokdY vQHuspD;qif;vmaomtcg
aemufwpfqifhrSm xdkcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkvlwkdif;tm;a0iS&efyifjzpfcJhonf/
xkdodkYa0iS&mwGif r,kHMunfol rsm;ESifhtoif;awmfjyify&Sdvlrsm;yg0ifcJhMuygonf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmukdolwdkYukd,f wkdifawGYMuKHcHpm;í tcsif;csif;tMum;ü oufaojy
cJhrSomvQif tjcm;olwpfOD;ukdqufvufía0iSEkdifcJhMuayrnf/ xkdtcsif;t&m
olwkdY txJütrSefwu,fjzpfysufaomtcg olwkdYteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;
txHokdYvnf; vQHusípD;qif;EkdifapcJhMuonf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\wwd,qkawmif;
csufrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif;vGwfí oefY&Sif;jcif;
yg&rDückdifcHhapzkdYiSm olwkdYtm;ocifukd,fawmfbk&m;rS cGeftm;opfrsm;ay;oem;zkdY
jzpfonf/ awGYMuKHae&aomqif;&J'ku©rsm; uif;&Sif;aysmufuG,foGm;rnfh
taMumif; &Sifaygvkqkrawmif;cJhaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ oufomavm
edwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf,ckawGYMuKHae&aom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rSmueOD;
uwnf;u cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;NyD;om;jzpfaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f(3)
wGifajymjyxm;onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\toufwmonf
tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif;vGwfí oefY&Sif;jcif;t&mokdY a&muf&eftvkdYiSm bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&aomppfaMumjcif;ukdtokH;jyKrnfhtaMumif;&Sifaygvk
uþae&mwGifqkawmif;ay;xm;onf/ rD;jyif;zkdrSxGufvmaom jyif;xefonfh
rD;awmufrsm;yrm þppfaMumjcif;rsm;onf4if;\roefY&Sif;jcif;? rpifMu,fjcif;
rsm;ukdavmifNr§dKufoGm;í 4if;wkdYukdocifbk&m;ESifhykdíeD;pyf&if;ESD;vmatmif
qGJac:oGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonfppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;ukd
tokH;jyKí uREkfyfwkdYukdoefY&Sif;pifMu,faprnfhtjzpfukd tcGifhay;Murnfhtpm;?
xkdt&mrsm;ESifhvGwfuif;atmif b,fESBudrfb,fEScgrsm; xGufajy;a&Smif&Sm;cJhMuyg
oenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;onf toufwmyifyef;qif;&Jjcif;? cufcJjcif;rsm;ukd
rvGJraoG&ifqkdifawGYMuKHMu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifucGifhjyKxm;aom tcuftcJrsm;
tm;jzihfuREkfyfwkdYrSmoefYpifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/
þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif oufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolrsm;onfowif;
aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf 'ku©qif;&Jukd&ifqkdifawGYMuHKMu&ef ueOD;uwnf;
uyifcGJcefYrSwfom;xm;NyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifMu&onf/ xkdokdYaom
tcuftcJrsm;tv,füyif olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmESifh txl;<u,f0vsuf? xkd
cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;onf olwdkYtcsif;csif;tay:ü4if;? olwkdY\tokdif;t0ef;rsm;
tay:üvnf;aumif; jynfhvQHvQufpD;qif;oGm;ap&ef bk&m;ocifjyKawmfrlrnfh
taMumif;&Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ olwkdY&if qkdifae&aomppfaMumjcif;
ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYukdoefYpifí rdrdtxHyg;okdYqGJac:vm&ef
« 44 »« 43 »
ouf
ooooo
tokH;jyKaMumif;ukdvnf;&Sifaygvk uolwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/ þppfaMumjcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKíbk&m;ocifonf oufomavmedwftoif;awmfukd
tm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;cJhNyD;? olwkdYonfteD;tem;ywf0ef;usif&Sdtjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdaom ykHOyrmwpfckjzpfaecJhMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\pkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rItaMumif;ukd þusrf;csufu rnfokdYazmfjyxm;ygoenf;/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mxJü tcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; yHhykd;ulnDítm;ay;
wkdufwGef;Mu&efvdktyfonfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfh
t&mudko,f,lMu&oenf;/ oifcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;ay;zkdY wpfa,muf
a,muf&Sdygovm;/
c&pf,mefrsm;onf ,cktwGif;qif;&J'ku©ukdcHpm;awGYMuKHzkdY vkdygovm;/
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmürnfonfht&mukd
txajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKH&aom ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukdtokH;jyK íbk&m;ocif
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdoefYpifrGrf;rHaeygonf/ xkdoefYpifapaomrD;awmuf
rsm;ukdtoufwmrSz,f&Sm;&ef bk&m;ocifukdoifawmif;avQmufzl;yg
ovm;/
bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd olwpfyg;tm;ay;rQ&efqE´&SdaevQif
xkdcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüjznfhwif;xm;&efrSm tb,f
aMumifhta&;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifrawGYMuKH? rcHpm;&aom
t&mukd olwpfyg;tm;rQa0ay;Ekdifygrvm;/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mxJü uREkfyfwkdYonftcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukd
wpfa,mufOD;pGmrcspfMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåm
ukdr,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rQa0EkdifMuygrnfvm;? &Sif;jyyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhtoufwmukdykHoGif;í oefYpif&ef ppfaMumjcif;ukd
rnfodkYtokH;jyKcJhoenf;/ ppfaMumjcif;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;jzihf rnfokdY
aomoifcef;pmukdoif,lcJh&ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,ckwGifxl;jcm;aomppfaMumjcif;wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd oifawGYMuKHae&yg ovm;/
xkdt&mtm;jzihf b0oifcef;pmukdoifMum;ay;&eftwGuf4if;?
xkdt&müoifhtm;oefYpifrGrf;rHay;&eftwGuf4if;? ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ xdef;csKyfjcif;wefckd;tmPmonf vufawmfxJü&Sdaeaom
aMumifh bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhteD;tem;w0kduf&Sd c&pfawmfukd,fcE¨mawmf\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd
awGYjrifEkdif&ef oiftjrifrsm;ukdzGifhay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhteD;tem;w0kduf&Sdolrsm;txHü ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmukd
vufawGYusaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihfjyoEkdif&ef vrf;jyay;zkdYocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ppfaMumjcif;ü½kef;uefae&aomolrsm;(okdY) &ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aom
olrsm;oifhteD;tem;ü&Sdygovm;? bk&m;ocifonfþppfaMumjcif;
tm;jzihf olwkdYukdcGeftm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;í wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfay;
&efawmif;avQmufyg/ wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;ESifh yHhykd;ulnDay;jcif;twGuf
« 46 »« 45 »
ouf
ooooo
tokH;jyKaMumif;ukdvnf;&Sifaygvk uolwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/ þppfaMumjcif;
rsm;ukd tokH;jyKíbk&m;ocifonf oufomavmedwftoif;awmfukd
tm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;cJhNyD;? olwkdYonfteD;tem;ywf0ef;usif&Sdtjcm;
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tvGefxda&mufrI&Sdaom ykHOyrmwpfckjzpfaecJhMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\pkd;&drf
ywfoufay;rItaMumif;ukd þusrf;csufu rnfokdYazmfjyxm;ygoenf;/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mxJü tcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; yHhykd;ulnDítm;ay;
wkdufwGef;Mu&efvdktyfonfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfh
t&mudko,f,lMu&oenf;/ oifcGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;ay;zkdY wpfa,muf
a,muf&Sdygovm;/
c&pf,mefrsm;onf ,cktwGif;qif;&J'ku©ukdcHpm;awGYMuKHzkdY vkdygovm;/
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmürnfonfht&mukd
txajrmufjynfhpkHapygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKH&aom ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukdtokH;jyK íbk&m;ocif
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdoefYpifrGrf;rHaeygonf/ xkdoefYpifapaomrD;awmuf
rsm;ukdtoufwmrSz,f&Sm;&ef bk&m;ocifukdoifawmif;avQmufzl;yg
ovm;/
bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmukd olwpfyg;tm;ay;rQ&efqE´&SdaevQif
xkdcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtxJüjznfhwif;xm;&efrSm tb,f
aMumifhta&;ygoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYukd,fwkdifrawGYMuKH? rcHpm;&aom
t&mukd olwpfyg;tm;rQa0ay;Ekdifygrvm;/
c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mxJü uREkfyfwkdYonftcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukd
wpfa,mufOD;pGmrcspfMuvQif uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåm
ukdr,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rQa0EkdifMuygrnfvm;? &Sif;jyyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhtoufwmukdykHoGif;í oefYpif&ef ppfaMumjcif;ukd
rnfodkYtokH;jyKcJhoenf;/ ppfaMumjcif;ESifh qif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;jzihf rnfokdY
aomoifcef;pmukdoif,lcJh&ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,ckwGifxl;jcm;aomppfaMumjcif;wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd oifawGYMuKHae&yg ovm;/
xkdt&mtm;jzihf b0oifcef;pmukdoifMum;ay;&eftwGuf4if;?
xkdt&müoifhtm;oefYpifrGrf;rHay;&eftwGuf4if;? ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ xdef;csKyfjcif;wefckd;tmPmonf vufawmfxJü&Sdaeaom
aMumifh bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oifhteD;tem;w0kduf&Sd c&pfawmfukd,fcE¨mawmf\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd
awGYjrifEkdif&ef oiftjrifrsm;ukdzGifhay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhteD;tem;w0kduf&Sdolrsm;txHü ocifc&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmukd
vufawGYusaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihfjyoEkdif&ef vrf;jyay;zkdYocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ppfaMumjcif;ü½kef;uefae&aomolrsm;(okdY) &ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aom
olrsm;oifhteD;tem;ü&Sdygovm;? bk&m;ocifonfþppfaMumjcif;
tm;jzihf olwkdYukdcGeftm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;í wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfay;
&efawmif;avQmufyg/ wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;ESifh yHhykd;ulnDay;jcif;twGuf
« 46 »« 45 »
ouf
ooooo
tokH;awmfcHwefqmyvmtjzpf oifvkyfaqmifEkdifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;
&SdvQifxkdt&mrsm;ukdazmfjyay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
5
omíwkd;yGm;vsuf
1 ouf 4;1-12 ukdzwfyg/
þpmapmifwGif&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\
aumif;uGufrsm;ukdrsm;pGmajym&ef&Sdaeonf/ xkdokdYqkd&mwGif oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypftemtqmr&Sd[krqkdvkdyg/ olwkdYonfteD;tem;
ywf0ef;usif&SdvlwdkYtwGuf tpGrf;xufaomykHOyrmrsm;jzpfaecJhMucsdefüyif
&SifaygvkonfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;üqufvufíwkd;yGm;Mu&ef wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
cJhonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif ocifbk&m;ESifhuREkfyfwkdY\ &if;ESD;quf
EG,fjcif;wkd;wufrI&yfwefYoGm;onfhtcsdefrsKd;&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY onftoufwm
üjzpfwnfaeaomt&mü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jítm;&auseyfaecJhMuonf/ þ
usrf;csuf\pdefac:oHrSm xkdokdY&yfwefYroGm;Mu&efyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh
ywfoufonfh ajrmufjrm;pGmaomt&mwkdYukdawGYMuKHcHpm;zkdY&Sdaeygonf/ &Sifaygvk
\pdefac:csufrSmqufvufíwkd;yGm;NyD; bk&m;ocifukdykdíodjrifcHpm;&efjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif bk&m;ocifukdESpfouftm;&oGm;ap&ef rnfokdYusifhMuH
aexkdif&rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &SifaygvkuoGefoifcsufrsm;ay;cJhNyD;jzpf
onf/ vufawGYtokH;rjyKaom oGefoifcsufrsm;onf ten;fi,fomtokH;0if
ygonf/ þtoif;awmfonf&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd em;axmif,kHom
ruoif,lavhvmxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd toufwmüvufawGYusifhMuHaecJh
MuNyD;jzpfonf(i,f? 1)/ þt&mtwGuf &Sifaygvkuaus;Zl;wifrqkH;jzpfaecJh
« 47 »
ouf
ooooo
tokH;awmfcHwefqmyvmtjzpf oifvkyfaqmifEkdifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;
&SdvQifxkdt&mrsm;ukdazmfjyay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
5
omíwkd;yGm;vsuf
1 ouf 4;1-12 ukdzwfyg/
þpmapmifwGif&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;\
aumif;uGufrsm;ukdrsm;pGmajym&ef&Sdaeonf/ xkdokdYqkd&mwGif oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypftemtqmr&Sd[krqkdvkdyg/ olwkdYonfteD;tem;
ywf0ef;usif&SdvlwdkYtwGuf tpGrf;xufaomykHOyrmrsm;jzpfaecJhMucsdefüyif
&SifaygvkonfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;üqufvufíwkd;yGm;Mu&ef wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
cJhonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif ocifbk&m;ESifhuREkfyfwkdY\ &if;ESD;quf
EG,fjcif;wkd;wufrI&yfwefYoGm;onfhtcsdefrsKd;&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY onftoufwm
üjzpfwnfaeaomt&mü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jítm;&auseyfaecJhMuonf/ þ
usrf;csuf\pdefac:oHrSm xkdokdY&yfwefYroGm;Mu&efyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh
ywfoufonfh ajrmufjrm;pGmaomt&mwkdYukdawGYMuKHcHpm;zkdY&Sdaeygonf/ &Sifaygvk
\pdefac:csufrSmqufvufíwkd;yGm;NyD; bk&m;ocifukdykdíodjrifcHpm;&efjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif bk&m;ocifukdESpfouftm;&oGm;ap&ef rnfokdYusifhMuH
aexkdif&rnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &SifaygvkuoGefoifcsufrsm;ay;cJhNyD;jzpf
onf/ vufawGYtokH;rjyKaom oGefoifcsufrsm;onf ten;fi,fomtokH;0if
ygonf/ þtoif;awmfonf&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd em;axmif,kHom
ruoif,lavhvmxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd toufwmüvufawGYusifhMuHaecJh
MuNyD;jzpfonf(i,f? 1)/ þt&mtwGuf &Sifaygvkuaus;Zl;wifrqkH;jzpfaecJh
« 47 »
ouf
ooooo
onf/
,ckwGif&Sifaygvku olwkdYtxHüoGefoifay;cJhaomt&mrsm;ukdomíwkd;
yGm;vsuf emcHvkdufavsmufMu&efwkdufwGef;aoG;aqmifcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifukd
odjcif;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdodjrifjcif;wdkYukd tifwkduf
tm;wkdufvkyfaqmifMuzkdYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfrjzpfpavmuft&mav;ü
wif;wdrfa&mifh&JaeEkdifMuonf/ bk&m;ocifukdoif,HkMunfukd;pm;aecJhNyD;NyDvm;/
xkdxufydkNyD;,kHMunfukd;pm;vkdufyg/ ocifbk&m;u oifhukdtokH;jyKcJhaMumif;ukd
oifawGYjrifNyD;NyDvm;/ xkdxufykdítokH;jyK&efawmif;avQmufvkdufyg/ oifhtouf
wmüxl;jcm;aomtjypf'kp½kdufwpfyg;ukd oifatmifEkdifcJhzl;ygovm;? xkdxufrsm;
aomatmifEkdifjcif;rsm;ukdawmif;avQmufvkdufyg/ oufomavmedwftoif;awmf
twGuf&Sifaygvk\wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcsufrSm olwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&m
rsm;ukdqufvufívkyfaqmif,kHomru? xkdxufykdNyD;vkyfaqmifMuzkdYjzpfonf/
oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdtqkH;xdwkdif opöm&Sd&SdemcHusihfMuH&rnfhtaMumif;t&if;rSm
xkdoGefoifcsufrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\tcGifhawmftm;jzifh olwkdYtm;ay;tyfcJh
jcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(2)wGif&Sifaygvku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;ajymjyxm;
onf/ olwkdYtxHü &SifaygvkuoGefoifay;cJhaomt&monf &Sifaygvk\tvkd
qE´t&r[kwfyg/ xkdt&monfolwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\
tvdkqE´yifjzpfonf/ olwkdYukday;tyfxm;aom oGefoifqkH;rcsufrsm;ukd olwkdY
vkdufemusihfMuHzkdYvkdtyfonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdt&mrsm;onfocifa,½IxHrS
a&muf&Sdvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfaomaMumifhyifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf touf
awmftay:üt"duu@BuD;(3)ckukd trIxm;&rnfhtaMumif;ukdtxl;ajymjy
xm;onf/
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tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfrSm olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ukda&muf&efjzpf
aMumif;ajymjyxm;cJhonf/ oefY&Sif;apjcif;[laompum;vkH;onf oefY&Sif;jcif;
ESifhajzmifhrwfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;jcif;[laom
t"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYudk rdrdtwGuf oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;cJhonf/
olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;ípifMu,fjcif;t&mukd a&muf&SdvmMu&efrSm bk&m;
ocif\&nfrSef;csufyifjzpfonf/
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ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfjzpfaomaMumifholwkdYonf rw&m;aomarxkefrDS0Jjcif;ukd
a&Smif&Sm;&efvkdtyfaMumif; &SifaygvkuqufvufíajymjycJhonf/ rw&m;aom
arxkefukdrSD0Jjcif;jzifholwkdY bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü toa&ysufcJhMu&
onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; aexkdif&SifoefcJh&onfhywf0ef;usif
tokdif;t0ef;onf uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usifenf;wl umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;rsm;ESifh
jynfhíaecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukdtrsm;ESifh rwlwpfrlxl;jcm;
atmifqifhac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü &ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&aompHkprf; aESmifh,Sufjcif;
rSmvnf; twkta,mifr[kwf? vufawGYppfrSefaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdY onftusihfpm&dwåysufjym;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;&SdaMumfjimrsm;?
½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;rsm;ESifh pmtkyfpmayrsm;wGifawGYjrifMu&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
vkyfief;cGifrsm;&Sdpum;pjrnfajymqkdjcif;rsm;wGifvnf; xkdt&mrsm;ESifhjynfhíae
onf/ þavmuBuD;twGufvufcHzG,fjzpfaom udk,fusifhw&m;pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;
« 50 »« 49 »
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onf/
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odjcif;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdodjrifjcif;wdkYukd tifwkduf
tm;wkdufvkyfaqmifMuzkdYjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfrjzpfpavmuft&mav;ü
wif;wdrfa&mifh&JaeEkdifMuonf/ bk&m;ocifukdoif,HkMunfukd;pm;aecJhNyD;NyDvm;/
xkdxufydkNyD;,kHMunfukd;pm;vkdufyg/ ocifbk&m;u oifhukdtokH;jyKcJhaMumif;ukd
oifawGYjrifNyD;NyDvm;/ xkdxufykdítokH;jyK&efawmif;avQmufvkdufyg/ oifhtouf
wmüxl;jcm;aomtjypf'kp½kdufwpfyg;ukd oifatmifEkdifcJhzl;ygovm;? xkdxufrsm;
aomatmifEkdifjcif;rsm;ukdawmif;avQmufvkdufyg/ oufomavmedwftoif;awmf
twGuf&Sifaygvk\wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcsufrSm olwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&m
rsm;ukdqufvufívkyfaqmif,kHomru? xkdxufykdNyD;vkyfaqmifMuzkdYjzpfonf/
oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdtqkH;xdwkdif opöm&Sd&SdemcHusihfMuH&rnfhtaMumif;t&if;rSm
xkdoGefoifcsufrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\tcGifhawmftm;jzifh olwkdYtm;ay;tyfcJh
jcif;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(2)wGif&Sifaygvku ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;ajymjyxm;
onf/ olwkdYtxHü &SifaygvkuoGefoifay;cJhaomt&monf &Sifaygvk\tvkd
qE´t&r[kwfyg/ xkdt&monfolwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\
tvdkqE´yifjzpfonf/ olwkdYukday;tyfxm;aom oGefoifqkH;rcsufrsm;ukd olwkdY
vkdufemusihfMuHzkdYvkdtyfonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdt&mrsm;onfocifa,½IxHrS
a&muf&Sdvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfaomaMumifhyifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf touf
awmftay:üt"duu@BuD;(3)ckukd trIxm;&rnfhtaMumif;ukdtxl;ajymjy
xm;onf/
umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;(rw&m;aomarxkefrSD0Jjcif;)
tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfrSm olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ukda&muf&efjzpf
aMumif;ajymjyxm;cJhonf/ oefY&Sif;apjcif;[laompum;vkH;onf oefY&Sif;jcif;
ESifhajzmifhrwfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;jcif;[laom
t"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYudk rdrdtwGuf oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;cJhonf/
olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;ípifMu,fjcif;t&mukd a&muf&SdvmMu&efrSm bk&m;
ocif\&nfrSef;csufyifjzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;jcif;toufwmtwGuf olwkdYukdoD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;jcif;onf
ocifbk&m;\tvkdawmfjzpfaomaMumifholwkdYonf rw&m;aomarxkefrDS0Jjcif;ukd
a&Smif&Sm;&efvkdtyfaMumif; &SifaygvkuqufvufíajymjycJhonf/ rw&m;aom
arxkefukdrSD0Jjcif;jzifholwkdY bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü toa&ysufcJhMu&
onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; aexkdif&SifoefcJh&onfhywf0ef;usif
tokdif;t0ef;onf uREkfyfwkdY\ywf0ef;usifenf;wl umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;rsm;ESifh
jynfhíaecJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukdtrsm;ESifh rwlwpfrlxl;jcm;
atmifqifhac:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\acwfumvü &ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&aompHkprf; aESmifh,Sufjcif;
rSmvnf; twkta,mifr[kwf? vufawGYppfrSefaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/
uREkfyfwkdY onftusihfpm&dwåysufjym;rIrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;&SdaMumfjimrsm;?
½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;rsm;ESifh pmtkyfpmayrsm;wGifawGYjrifMu&ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\
vkyfief;cGifrsm;&Sdpum;pjrnfajymqkdjcif;rsm;wGifvnf; xkdt&mrsm;ESifhjynfhíae
onf/ þavmuBuD;twGufvufcHzG,fjzpfaom udk,fusifhw&m;pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;
« 50 »« 49 »
ouf
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umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ukda&Smif&Sm;rnfqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fcE¨mukd
rnfokdYxdef;csKyf&rnfukdoif,lzkdYvkdaMumif; &Sifaygvku tcef;i,f(4)wGif&Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif;wifjyxm;onf/ þonfrSmtaMumif;jycsufr&SdbJ awmif;qkdxm;onfh
t&mr[kwfyg/ 0dnmOfawmfESifhtoD;tyGifhwpfyg;rSm umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
r[kwfygvm;/ oifhtoufwmü umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tjypfESifhvkH;yrf;cJh&zl;yg
ovm;? umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;toD;tyGifhukd toufwmüoufaojyEkdifzkdY
oifqkawmif;&efvkdtyfayvdrhfrnf/ pkHprf;aESmifh,SufcH&onfhtcsdefwGif umr
*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf oifhrsufvkH;rsm;ukdydwfypfygrnf (okdY) oifhOD;acgif;ukd
tjcm;wzufokdYvSnfhypfvkdufrnfjzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf
vlwkdYtxHrSxkdokdYaom pdwfqE´ukd,lypfvkdufí tjypfukdusL;vGef&ef pdwfqE´
yifr&Sd awmh[kcHpm;Mu&onf/ okdYaomf xkdokdYaomtajctaerSm tjrJwrf;
awmhrjzpfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif tjypf'kp½kdufESifheufeuf eJeJvkH;yef;
&aomtcsdeftcg rsKd;&Sdwwfygonf/ xkdodkYaomtcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif pm&dwå
azsmufjym;jcif;tjypfü rus½IH;&eftwGufxkdt&mukd wkdufxkwf&eftwGuf4if;?
uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fcE¨mukd csKyfwnf;zkdY&eftwGuf4if; bk&m;ocif\tpGrf;ay;rIrsKd;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfygvdrhfrnf/
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;ukd rusifhBuHMuaombk&m;ocifukd rodonfh
wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYonf oufavmedwfNrdKUwGif&SdcJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfwkdYonf4if;wkdY\
udavomwyfrufjcif;pdwfESifh umr&r®ufpdwfwkdYüukd,fhukdukd,f
ykHtyfxm;Muonf/ ZmwdtaoG;tom;awmifhwrIrsm;ukdtcGifhay;í
olwkdY\tjyKtrlrsm;ukdxdef;csKyf apcJhMuonf/ ukd,fcE¨muwyfrufaom
t&mwkdif;ukd jznfhqnf;vkyfaqmifay;Muonf/ bk&m;w&m;odjcif;
ESifhukd,fusihfw&m;tajccH pnf;rsOf;rsm;jzifhtouf wmukdrtkyfpkd;cJhMuyg/
olwkdYonfukd,fcE¨m\ udavomwyfrufjcif;aemufokdY vkdufavQmufcJh
Muonf(i,f 5)/ xkduJhokdYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm; uREkfyfwkdY\acwfBuD;wGif &Sifoef
aexdkifaeMuygonf/
umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tjypfukd usL;vGefaomtcgwGif ukd,fhukdukd,f
npfnL;aponfr[kwf xkdtjypfukdtwlusL;vGefaom tjcm;oludkvnf;npfnL;
apaMumif; tcef;i,f(6)wGif&Sifaygvkuol\pmzwfolwkdYukd jyefvnftoday;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; rw&m;aomarxkefukdrSD0JaomolwkdYtm; 'Pf
cwfpD&ifrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutoday;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY
ukdoefY&Sif;apjcif;iSmac:awmfrlxm;onf(i,f? 7)/ umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ESifh
bk&;ocifjy|mef;aom oefY&Sif;jcif;t&mwkdYonf vkH;0o[ZmwrjzpfMuyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm oufomavmedwf toif;om;
rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&m Adrmefawmfjzpfonf/ þAdrmef
awmfukdnpfnL;apjcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdjypfrSm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\Adrmefawmfukd&,lí umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;rSm
tb,frQqkd;&Gm;onfhvkyf&yfjzpfygoenf;/ xkdYaMumifh Adrmefawmfukdbk&m;
ociftokH;jyK&eftwGuf oefY&Sif;ípifMu,fatmifxdef;odrf;&rnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmf
txHüoefY&Sif;í temtqmr&Sdaomolrsm;tjzpfESifhqufovkdcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh
yifolwkdY\toufwmukdtrsKd;rsKd;aom umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ESifh vGwfuif;vQuf
« 52 »« 51 »
ouf
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rSmbk&m;ocif\pHcsdefpHñTef;ESifh tvGefuGmjcm;vSygonf/
umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ukda&Smif&Sm;rnfqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fcE¨mukd
rnfokdYxdef;csKyf&rnfukdoif,lzkdYvkdaMumif; &Sifaygvku tcef;i,f(4)wGif&Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif;wifjyxm;onf/ þonfrSmtaMumif;jycsufr&SdbJ awmif;qkdxm;onfh
t&mr[kwfyg/ 0dnmOfawmfESifhtoD;tyGifhwpfyg;rSm umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;
r[kwfygvm;/ oifhtoufwmü umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tjypfESifhvkH;yrf;cJh&zl;yg
ovm;? umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;toD;tyGifhukd toufwmüoufaojyEkdifzkdY
oifqkawmif;&efvkdtyfayvdrhfrnf/ pkHprf;aESmifh,SufcH&onfhtcsdefwGif umr
*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf oifhrsufvkH;rsm;ukdydwfypfygrnf (okdY) oifhOD;acgif;ukd
tjcm;wzufokdYvSnfhypfvkdufrnfjzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf
vlwkdYtxHrSxkdokdYaom pdwfqE´ukd,lypfvkdufí tjypfukdusL;vGef&ef pdwfqE´
yifr&Sd awmh[kcHpm;Mu&onf/ okdYaomf xkdokdYaomtajctaerSm tjrJwrf;
awmhrjzpfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmwGif tjypf'kp½kdufESifheufeuf eJeJvkH;yef;
&aomtcsdeftcg rsKd;&Sdwwfygonf/ xkdodkYaomtcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif pm&dwå
azsmufjym;jcif;tjypfü rus½IH;&eftwGufxkdt&mukd wkdufxkwf&eftwGuf4if;?
uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fcE¨mukd csKyfwnf;zkdY&eftwGuf4if; bk&m;ocif\tpGrf;ay;rIrsKd;ukd
uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyfygvdrhfrnf/
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;ukd rusifhBuHMuaombk&m;ocifukd rodonfh
wpfyg;trsKd;wkdYonf oufavmedwfNrdKUwGif&SdcJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfwkdYonf4if;wkdY\
udavomwyfrufjcif;pdwfESifh umr&r®ufpdwfwkdYüukd,fhukdukd,f
ykHtyfxm;Muonf/ ZmwdtaoG;tom;awmifhwrIrsm;ukdtcGifhay;í
olwkdY\tjyKtrlrsm;ukdxdef;csKyf apcJhMuonf/ ukd,fcE¨muwyfrufaom
t&mwkdif;ukd jznfhqnf;vkyfaqmifay;Muonf/ bk&m;w&m;odjcif;
ESifhukd,fusihfw&m;tajccH pnf;rsOf;rsm;jzifhtouf wmukdrtkyfpkd;cJhMuyg/
olwkdYonfukd,fcE¨m\ udavomwyfrufjcif;aemufokdY vkdufavQmufcJh
Muonf(i,f 5)/ xkduJhokdYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm; uREkfyfwkdY\acwfBuD;wGif &Sifoef
aexdkifaeMuygonf/
umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tjypfukd usL;vGefaomtcgwGif ukd,fhukdukd,f
npfnL;aponfr[kwf xkdtjypfukdtwlusL;vGefaom tjcm;oludkvnf;npfnL;
apaMumif; tcef;i,f(6)wGif&Sifaygvkuol\pmzwfolwkdYukd jyefvnftoday;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; rw&m;aomarxkefukdrSD0JaomolwkdYtm; 'Pf
cwfpD&ifrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutoday;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY
ukdoefY&Sif;apjcif;iSmac:awmfrlxm;onf(i,f? 7)/ umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ESifh
bk&;ocifjy|mef;aom oefY&Sif;jcif;t&mwkdYonf vkH;0o[ZmwrjzpfMuyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm oufomavmedwf toif;om;
rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf&m Adrmefawmfjzpfonf/ þAdrmef
awmfukdnpfnL;apjcif;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdjypfrSm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\Adrmefawmfukd&,lí umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;rSm
tb,frQqkd;&Gm;onfhvkyf&yfjzpfygoenf;/ xkdYaMumifh Adrmefawmfukdbk&m;
ociftokH;jyK&eftwGuf oefY&Sif;ípifMu,fatmifxdef;odrf;&rnf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYtm; ocifc&pfawmf
txHüoefY&Sif;í temtqmr&Sdaomolrsm;tjzpfESifhqufovkdcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh
yifolwkdY\toufwmukdtrsKd;rsKd;aom umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;ESifh vGwfuif;vQuf
« 52 »« 51 »
ouf
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oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomtoufwmrsKd;jzihf &SifoefaexkdifMu&efwkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcJh
onf/
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vkyfaqmifaecJhMuNyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(9)wGif&SifaygvktodtrSwf
jyKxm;onf/ olwkdYtcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; cspfMu&rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdYukdoGefoifay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmonf rmaua'ged
jynft&yf&yfü&SdaomnDtpfukdtaygif;wkdYtxHtxdus,fjyefYoGm;cJhonf/ &Sifayg
vkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; nDtpfukdcsif;cspfjcif;u@ü tod
ay;wkdufwGef;ae&jcif;rSm olwkdYonfxkdu@ütm;enf;aeMujcif;aMumifh
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf xkdu@üþxufruomíwkd;yGm;Mu&ef tvkd&SdaomaMumifh
wkdufwGef;today;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf/
þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom cspfjcif;arwåmonf zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;í
wkd;wufzkdYvkdaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;zkdY&efvkdtyfonf/
þodkYjzpfvm&efrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYbufrS vkHYvpkdufxkwfívkyf
aqmifzkdY&efvkdtyfcJhonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymif;vJypfrnfhtcsdefukdom apmifharQmfwwfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYbufrSvkHYvpkduf
xkwfítpjyKvkyfaqmif&efrBudK;pm;cJhMuyg/ bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aomt&m
ukdtokH;jyK&müopöm&SdaMumif;ukd oufaojyNyD;rSomvQif þxufruaomt&m
rsm;ukdjyefvnf ay;tyfrnfjzpfaMumif;ukdoabmraygufbJ bk&m;ocifu
þxufrsm;aom cspfjcif;arwåmukday;urf;zkdY&efom uREkfyfwkdYvkdcsifMuonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmü jynfhvQHvsuf
pD;qif;EkdifMu&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd þxufykdí&SmMuHzefwD;Mu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
oufomavmedwftoif;awmfü xl;jcm;aumif;jrwfonfht&mrsm;jzpf
ysufaeaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkurl þxufBuD;rm;aomt&mrsm;twGuf olwkdYukd
qifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/ &SifaygvkonfoefY&Sif;aumif;jrwfaomt&mü
rwif;wdrfMuzdkYtwGufqifhac:xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;rsm; ukdjzefYum;
vsuf trSwftom; rjyK&ao;aome,fy,frsm;okdY ajcqefUMu&efqifhac:
wkdufwGef; xm;onf/ c&pf,meftoufwmü &Sufp&mtaumif;qkH;t&mrSm
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xnfhoGif;ay;xm;aomt&mxuf
avsmhavsmhayghayghvkyfaqmifjcif;ESifhuREkfyfwkdYwwfpGrf;Ekdifaom twdkif;twm
txd jynfhjynfh00rvkyfaqmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifaygvkonf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; twkdif;twmuefYowfcsufrsm; ukdqefYxkwf
í nDtpfukdcsif;cspfjcif;yg&rDü þxufruomvGefaumif;jrufMu&ef
pdefac:xm;onf/
Nidrf0yfpGmaewwfaomtoufwm
þoifcef;pmtykdif;ü toif;awmfrStm½kHpl;pkduftav;ay;&ef &Sifaygvk
,laqmifvmaom aemufqkH;tykdif;u@wpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ tcef;i,f(11)
wGif&Sifaygvkonf ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdkY\toufwmukd jyifyvlwkdY\a&SUü
Nidrf0yfpGmusifhMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmrsKd;ukd zefwD;aexkdifjcif;ukd
« 54 »« 53 »
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u@yifjzpfonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHBunfolrsm;onf þtcsif;t&mukd
vkyfaqmifaecJhMuNyD;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(9)wGif&SifaygvktodtrSwf
jyKxm;onf/ olwkdYtcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; cspfMu&rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdYukdoGefoifay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmonf rmaua'ged
jynft&yf&yfü&SdaomnDtpfukdtaygif;wkdYtxHtxdus,fjyefYoGm;cJhonf/ &Sifayg
vkonf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; nDtpfukdcsif;cspfjcif;u@ü tod
ay;wkdufwGef;ae&jcif;rSm olwkdYonfxkdu@ütm;enf;aeMujcif;aMumifh
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf xkdu@üþxufruomíwkd;yGm;Mu&ef tvkd&SdaomaMumifh
wkdufwGef;today;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf/
þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom cspfjcif;arwåmonf zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;í
wkd;wufzkdYvkdaomt&mjzpfaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;zkdY&efvkdtyfonf/
þodkYjzpfvm&efrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYbufrS vkHYvpkdufxkwfívkyf
aqmifzkdY&efvkdtyfcJhonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukd
ajymif;vJypfrnfhtcsdefukdom apmifharQmfwwfMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYbufrSvkHYvpkduf
xkwfítpjyKvkyfaqmif&efrBudK;pm;cJhMuyg/ bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aomt&m
ukdtokH;jyK&müopöm&SdaMumif;ukd oufaojyNyD;rSomvQif þxufruaomt&m
rsm;ukdjyefvnf ay;tyfrnfjzpfaMumif;ukdoabmraygufbJ bk&m;ocifu
þxufrsm;aom cspfjcif;arwåmukday;urf;zkdY&efom uREkfyfwkdYvkdcsifMuonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ukd cspfjcif;arwåmü jynfhvQHvsuf
pD;qif;EkdifMu&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd þxufykdí&SmMuHzefwD;Mu&ef pdefac:cJhonf/
oufomavmedwftoif;awmfü xl;jcm;aumif;jrwfonfht&mrsm;jzpf
ysufaeaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkurl þxufBuD;rm;aomt&mrsm;twGuf olwkdYukd
qifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/ &SifaygvkonfoefY&Sif;aumif;jrwfaomt&mü
rwif;wdrfMuzdkYtwGufqifhac:xm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;rsm; ukdjzefYum;
vsuf trSwftom; rjyK&ao;aome,fy,frsm;okdY ajcqefUMu&efqifhac:
wkdufwGef; xm;onf/ c&pf,meftoufwmü &Sufp&mtaumif;qkH;t&mrSm
bk&m;ocifu uREkfyfwkdY\txJü xnfhoGif;ay;xm;aomt&mxuf
avsmhavsmhayghayghvkyfaqmifjcif;ESifhuREkfyfwkdYwwfpGrf;Ekdifaom twdkif;twm
txd jynfhjynfh00rvkyfaqmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifaygvkonf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; twkdif;twmuefYowfcsufrsm; ukdqefYxkwf
í nDtpfukdcsif;cspfjcif;yg&rDü þxufruomvGefaumif;jrufMu&ef
pdefac:xm;onf/
Nidrf0yfpGmaewwfaomtoufwm
þoifcef;pmtykdif;ü toif;awmfrStm½kHpl;pkduftav;ay;&ef &Sifaygvk
,laqmifvmaom aemufqkH;tykdif;u@wpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ tcef;i,f(11)
wGif&Sifaygvkonf ,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdkY\toufwmukd jyifyvlwkdY\a&SUü
Nidrf0yfpGmusifhMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmrsKd;ukd zefwD;aexkdifjcif;ukd
« 54 »« 53 »
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4if;wkdY\b0&nfrSef;csuftjzpf owfrSwfvkyfaqmifMu&efpdefac:xm;onf/
þNidrf0yfpGmusihfMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmonf ukd,fhtvkyfukdudk,ftm½kH
pkdufvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh4if;? rdrdwkdY\vufjzifh udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifjcif;jzihf4if;
oufaocHMu&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(11)wGifawGY&aom ]]avhvmpnf;yl;cH,lavmh(b0&nfrSef;
csufwpfcktjzpfowfrSwfzefwD;avmh)}}[laompum;pkukdowdjyKyg/ wpfenf;
tm;jzihfqkd&vQif Nidrf0yfpGmusifhMuHaexkdifjcif;t&monf pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifh
MuyfMuyfrwfrwf usifhMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmjzpfí 4if;onfb0
\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom Nidrf0yfpGmusihfMuHaexkdifwwfonfhtoufwm
twGuf ,kHMunfolwkdif;ü ukd,fhtvkyfukd,ftm½kHxm;vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ukd,fhtvkyfukdukd,fvkyf
aqmifMu&efajymqkd&mü olonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY
rdom;pkrsm;ukd axmufyHhauR;arG;&eftwGuf tvkyfvkyfjcif;jzihf rdrdwkdY\vdktyf
csufrsm;ukdukd,fwkdif*½kpkdufMu&ef ajymqkdaejcif;jzpfonf/ þokdYaeYpOfusihfMuH
aexkdifjcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYonfjyifyvlwkdY\ ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd&&SdMurnfjzpf
onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESifhoufqkdifaom
t&mrsm;ü pdwftm;xufoefvsuf&SdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;rnfonfhtcsdefürqdk
<uqif; vmrnfhta&;ukdarQmfvifhaeMuonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;u
ocifbk&m;onf rdrdwkdY touf&Sifcsdeftcgüyif <uqif;vmrnf[k
tckdiftrm,kHMunfMuaomaMumifh rdrdwkdY\tvkyfESifhrdom;pkrsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKí
bk&m;trIawmfüaysmfykdufcJhMuonfh tjzpfrSmvnf;tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdygonf/
xkdYaMumifh &SifaygvkuolwkdYtm;bk&m; ocif<uqif;vmcsdefukdapmifhpm;aepOfüyif
ukd,fhtvkyfukdqufvufí vkyfukdif aqmif&GufMu&efajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf
(i,f? 11)/ olwdkYonftjcm;rnfolYtay:rSmrQrSDckdaeírjzpfyg/
ocifa,½Ireufjzefü<uqif;vmrnfukd od&Sdxm;vQifyifuREkfyfwkdYü
rnfonfht&mrQ ajymif;vJjyKjyifzkdYrvkdtyfaom toufwmrsKd;jzifhtoufwmukd
tqifoifhjyifíaexkdifMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ukd
vkyfaqmifzkdY bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtm;qifhac:onfhtaMumif;ukd ,kHMunfaom
aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpf
onf/ oifonfpuf½Hkwpfckütvkyfvkyfae&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocifonfoifhukd
xkdae&mücefYtyfxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifausmif;wufíynmqnf;yl;
ae&jcif;rSmxkdt&monfaumif;uifbkH&Sd tzbk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfjzpf
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifhrdom;pkukdaxmufyHhauR;arG;&eftwGuf v,fuGif;jyif
wkdYüoiftvkyfvkyfae&jcif;rSm xkdt&mukdbk&m;ocifonf oifhxHrSarQmfvifhxm;
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifukdqifhac:ívkyfaqmifapcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd
ocifbk&m;<uqif;vmaomtcgüyif oifvkyfaqmifcsifae&ygrnf/ tcsKdUaom
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifa,½IrMumrDqif;<uvmawmh
rnf[k,kHMunfMuaomaMumifh 4if;wkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKxm;
cJhMuonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yfonf olwkdYukdauR;arG;jyKpk&eftwGuf tjcm;olrsm;
ukd0efxkyf0efykd;jzpfapcJhonf/ olwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;rS axmufyHhauR;arG;rnfholr&Sd
awmhaomaMumifhtusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqkdifcJhMu&onf/ xkdYaMumifh
&Sifaygvku ukd,fhrdom;pkukdukd,fapmifha&SmufauR;arG; &efwdkufwGef;EId;aqmf
« 56 »« 55 »
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4if;wkdY\b0&nfrSef;csuftjzpf owfrSwfvkyfaqmifMu&efpdefac:xm;onf/
þNidrf0yfpGmusihfMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmonf ukd,fhtvkyfukdudk,ftm½kH
pkdufvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh4if;? rdrdwkdY\vufjzifh udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifjcif;jzihf4if;
oufaocHMu&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(11)wGifawGY&aom ]]avhvmpnf;yl;cH,lavmh(b0&nfrSef;
csufwpfcktjzpfowfrSwfzefwD;avmh)}}[laompum;pkukdowdjyKyg/ wpfenf;
tm;jzihfqkd&vQif Nidrf0yfpGmusifhMuHaexkdifjcif;t&monf pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifh
MuyfMuyfrwfrwf usifhMuHaexkdifwwfaomtoufwmjzpfí 4if;onfb0
\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom Nidrf0yfpGmusihfMuHaexkdifwwfonfhtoufwm
twGuf ,kHMunfolwkdif;ü ukd,fhtvkyfukd,ftm½kHxm;vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ukd,fhtvkyfukdukd,fvkyf
aqmifMu&efajymqkd&mü olonfoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY
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csufrsm;ukdukd,fwkdif*½kpkdufMu&ef ajymqkdaejcif;jzpfonf/ þokdYaeYpOfusihfMuH
aexkdifjcif;tm;jzihf olwkdYonfjyifyvlwkdY\ ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;ukd&&SdMurnfjzpf
onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;ESifhoufqkdifaom
t&mrsm;ü pdwftm;xufoefvsuf&SdMuonf/ ocifbk&m;rnfonfhtcsdefürqdk
<uqif; vmrnfhta&;ukdarQmfvifhaeMuonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;u
ocifbk&m;onf rdrdwkdY touf&Sifcsdeftcgüyif <uqif;vmrnf[k
tckdiftrm,kHMunfMuaomaMumifh rdrdwkdY\tvkyfESifhrdom;pkrsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKí
bk&m;trIawmfüaysmfykdufcJhMuonfh tjzpfrSmvnf;tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdygonf/
xkdYaMumifh &SifaygvkuolwkdYtm;bk&m; ocif<uqif;vmcsdefukdapmifhpm;aepOfüyif
ukd,fhtvkyfukdqufvufí vkyfukdif aqmif&GufMu&efajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf
(i,f? 11)/ olwdkYonftjcm;rnfolYtay:rSmrQrSDckdaeírjzpfyg/
ocifa,½Ireufjzefü<uqif;vmrnfukd od&Sdxm;vQifyifuREkfyfwkdYü
rnfonfht&mrQ ajymif;vJjyKjyifzkdYrvkdtyfaom toufwmrsKd;jzifhtoufwmukd
tqifoifhjyifíaexkdifMu&ygrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ukd
vkyfaqmifzkdY bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYtm;qifhac:onfhtaMumif;ukd ,kHMunfaom
aMumifh uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYvkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpf
onf/ oifonfpuf½Hkwpfckütvkyfvkyfae&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocifonfoifhukd
xkdae&mücefYtyfxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifausmif;wufíynmqnf;yl;
ae&jcif;rSmxkdt&monfaumif;uifbkH&Sd tzbk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfjzpf
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifhrdom;pkukdaxmufyHhauR;arG;&eftwGuf v,fuGif;jyif
wkdYüoiftvkyfvkyfae&jcif;rSm xkdt&mukdbk&m;ocifonf oifhxHrSarQmfvifhxm;
aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ oifukdqifhac:ívkyfaqmifapcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd
ocifbk&m;<uqif;vmaomtcgüyif oifvkyfaqmifcsifae&ygrnf/ tcsKdUaom
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifa,½IrMumrDqif;<uvmawmh
rnf[k,kHMunfMuaomaMumifh 4if;wkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKxm;
cJhMuonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yfonf olwkdYukdauR;arG;jyKpk&eftwGuf tjcm;olrsm;
ukd0efxkyf0efykd;jzpfapcJhonf/ olwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;rS axmufyHhauR;arG;rnfholr&Sd
awmhaomaMumifhtusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqkdifcJhMu&onf/ xkdYaMumifh
&Sifaygvku ukd,fhrdom;pkukdukd,fapmifha&SmufauR;arG; &efwdkufwGef;EId;aqmf
« 56 »« 55 »
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csufrjzpfoifhyg/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd *½kwpkdufvkyfaqmifí
rdrdwkdY\pDrHcefYcGJrIYatmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;
jcif;rsKd;jzihf ukd,fhtrIukdaqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaeMu&ygrnf/
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npfnL;jcif;'kp½kduf[laom pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;ukdqD;wm;Mu&eftwGuf4if;?
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,kHMunfjcif;ü4if;? trIawmfaqmif&mü4if; oifukdykdíqefYxkwftokH;
jyKzkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhukd0kdif;&Hxm;aom pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsm;ukdatmifEkdifzkdYumr*kPf
csKyfwnf;jcif;toD;tyGifhukd oifhtm;ykdíay;urf;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avsmufyg/
oifhteD;tem;&SdvlwkdYukd cspfcifEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;opfrsm;ukdawGYjrifEkdif&ef
twGuf oifhtjrifrsm;ukdzGifh[ay;zkdYbk&m; ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifuqifhac:í oifhukdvkyfapvkdaomt&mukd vkyfaqmif&mü
« 58 »« 57 »
ouf
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cJh&onf/ bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sdaom olwkdY\cspfjcif;arwåmonf4if;?
bk&m;ocifjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhta&;ukd tmoDojyif;jyaejcif;onf4if;?
olwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;vkdtyfaeaomt&mrsm;ukd vspfvsL½I&eftwGuf taMumif;jy
csufrjzpfoifhyg/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd *½kwpkdufvkyfaqmifí
rdrdwkdY\pDrHcefYcGJrIYatmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;
jcif;rsKd;jzihf ukd,fhtrIukdaqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaeMu&ygrnf/
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdYonfbk&m;ocif
ESifhqufqH&if;ESD;rIwGif þxufruomíwkd;yGm;Mu&eftwGuf4if;? umr*kPf
npfnL;jcif;'kp½kduf[laom pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;ukdqD;wm;Mu&eftwGuf4if;?
olwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;ukdaxmufyHhauR;arG;&eftwGuf ukd,fhvufjzihfudk,fwkdif
tvkyfvkyfMu&ef twGuf4if; pdefac:cJhonf/ þokdYvkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh olwkdYonf
ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0ef;\ MunfndKav;pm;jcif;ukdcH&í bk&m;ocifukdvnf;
tm;&auseyfapMuayrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifawmif;qkdjy|mef;xm;onfxuf avsmhayghpGmvkyfaqmif
ay;jcif;jzihf oifwif;wdrfa&mifh&Jí auseyfaecJhzl;ygovm;? &Sif;jyyg/
oifaexkdif&mywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0ef;wGif umr*kPfnpfnL;jcif;\
pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;onf tb,frQjyif;xefygoenf;/ xkdt&monf
toif;awmfukd rnfokdYxdckdufapygoenf/
umr*kPfcsKyfwnf;jcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ xkdt&monf0dnmOf
awmf\wpfckaomtoD;tyGifhjzpfaejcif;twGuf rnfokdYaomtm;ay;
ESpfodrfhrIrsKd;ukd oifcHpm;&ygoenf;/ xkdt&monfuREkfyfwkdYtm; tjypf
wGif;xJokdYusroGm;ap&ef rnfokdYuG,fumay;oenf;/
ocifa,½Ireufjzefü<uqif;vmrnfhta&;ukd oifodaecJhvQifoifhü
rnfonfht&mrsm; ajymif;vJjyKjyifzkdYvkdygoenf;/
uREkfyfwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;ü vkdtyfvsuf&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd axmufyHhay;
urf;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufu uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfonfht&mukd
oGefoifay;ygoenf;/bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aom rdom;pkrsm;ta&;yg
t&ma&mufjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufurnfonfht&mukduREkfyf
wkdYtm;oGefoifay;ygoenf;/ c&pf,meftrIawmfudk aqmif&mü
uREkfyfwkdY\ rdom;pkrsm;ukd vspfvsL½Ixm;jcif;ujzpfEkdifygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
,kHMunfjcif;ü4if;? trIawmfaqmif&mü4if; oifukdykdíqefYxkwftokH;
jyKzkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhukd0kdif;&Hxm;aom pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsm;ukdatmifEkdifzkdYumr*kPf
csKyfwnf;jcif;toD;tyGifhukd oifhtm;ykdíay;urf;&ef ocifbk&m;ukd
awmif;avsmufyg/
oifhteD;tem;&SdvlwkdYukd cspfcifEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;opfrsm;ukdawGYjrifEkdif&ef
twGuf oifhtjrifrsm;ukdzGifh[ay;zkdYbk&m; ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifuqifhac:í oifhukdvkyfapvkdaomt&mukd vkyfaqmif&mü
« 58 »« 57 »
ouf
ooooo
opöm&Sd&SdvkyfaqmifzkdYbk&m;ocif\ tapmifhtrukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhb0twGufxm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;xuf
avsmhayghívkyfaqmifcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\cGifhvTwf
jcif;w&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhrdom;pktwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ olwdkY\vdk
tyfcsufrsm;ukdaxmufyHhay;urf;Ekdif&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ulnDrp
jcif;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
6
csDaqmifjcif;
1 ouf 4;13-18 ukdzwfyg/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<u
qif;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í oif,lp&mrsm;&Sdaeao;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrif zwf½IcJhMuonfhtwkdif; þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
touf&Sifcsdeftcgüyif ocifa,½I<uqif;vmrnfhta&;ukd arQmfvifh
aecJhMuonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaom olwkdYu ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;aomar;cGef;rsm;ukdar;cJhMuonf/ þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif
&SifaygvkuolwkdYar;aom ar;cGef;tcsKdUukd tcsdef,lí ajzMum;xm;onf/
&SifaygvkrSjyefvnfwkefYjyef ajzMum;ay;xm;onfh yxrar;cGef;rSm
aovGefoGm;aom c&pf,mefrsm;ESifhoufqkdifaomar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f
(13)wGif &SifaygvkuolwkdYtm; cspfcif&aom,kHMunfolrsm;aoqkH;oGm;jcif;
tay:ü þavmuDom;0rf;enf;ylaqG;MuouJhokdY ylaqG;aezkdYtaMumif;r&Sd
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ,cifa,½Iukd,fwkdifu aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcJhouJhokdY
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifhoufqkdifaomolrsm;ukdvnf; xajrmufapygvdrhfrnf
(i,f? 14)/ rdrd\taocHjcif;jzifh ocifa,½Ionftjypfw&m;\ tcukday;qyf
cJhNyD; aojcif;w&m;\wefckd;udkvnf;½kdufcsKd;cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh ocifa,½IESifhouf
qkdifaomolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf b0\tqkH;towfr[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f(15-16)wGif &Sifaygvkuqufvufí ocifa,½Ijyefvnf
<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufa&muf&SdvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/ ocif
« 59 »
ouf
ooooo
opöm&Sd&SdvkyfaqmifzkdYbk&m;ocif\ tapmifhtrukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhb0twGufxm;&Sdxm;aom bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;xuf
avsmhayghívkyfaqmifcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\cGifhvTwf
jcif;w&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhrdom;pktwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ olwdkY\vdk
tyfcsufrsm;ukdaxmufyHhay;urf;Ekdif&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ulnDrp
jcif;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
6
csDaqmifjcif;
1 ouf 4;13-18 ukdzwfyg/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfonf ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<u
qif;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í oif,lp&mrsm;&Sdaeao;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrif zwf½IcJhMuonfhtwkdif; þ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkdY
touf&Sifcsdeftcgüyif ocifa,½I<uqif;vmrnfhta&;ukd arQmfvifh
aecJhMuonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaom olwkdYu ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;aomar;cGef;rsm;ukdar;cJhMuonf/ þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif
&SifaygvkuolwkdYar;aom ar;cGef;tcsKdUukd tcsdef,lí ajzMum;xm;onf/
&SifaygvkrSjyefvnfwkefYjyef ajzMum;ay;xm;onfh yxrar;cGef;rSm
aovGefoGm;aom c&pf,mefrsm;ESifhoufqkdifaomar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f
(13)wGif &SifaygvkuolwkdYtm; cspfcif&aom,kHMunfolrsm;aoqkH;oGm;jcif;
tay:ü þavmuDom;0rf;enf;ylaqG;MuouJhokdY ylaqG;aezkdYtaMumif;r&Sd
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ,cifa,½Iukd,fwkdifu aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcJhouJhokdY
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifhoufqkdifaomolrsm;ukdvnf; xajrmufapygvdrhfrnf
(i,f? 14)/ rdrd\taocHjcif;jzifh ocifa,½Ionftjypfw&m;\ tcukday;qyf
cJhNyD; aojcif;w&m;\wefckd;udkvnf;½kdufcsKd;cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh ocifa,½IESifhouf
qkdifaomolrsm;twGuf aojcif;w&m;onf b0\tqkH;towfr[kwfyg/
tcef;i,f(15-16)wGif &Sifaygvkuqufvufí ocifa,½Ijyefvnf
<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufa&muf&SdvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd ajymjyxm;onf/ ocif
« 59 »
ouf
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a,½Ionfus,favmifaomtrdefYay;oHESifh twl<uqif;vmygrnf/ MoZmwduú
BuD;aomppfAkdvfcsKyfwpfOD;ESifh 4if;\trdefYay;oHukdapmifhpm;aeaom ppfwyfBuD;
ESifhtvm;o@mefwlonf/ us,favmifaomtrdefYay;oHwpfcsufESifhtwl
þavmuBuD;\uHMur®monf wHqdyfcwfNyD;om;jzpfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ EIwfxGuf
rdefYqkdoHwpfcsufonfaumif;uifAkdvfcsKyftiftm;pkukd þurÇmokdYappm;
cJhayrnf/ xkdtrdefYay;oHukd>rufqkdrnfhaeY&uf a&muf&Sdvmygrnf/ xkdtcsif;
t&monf tcsKdUaomolrsm;twGuf atmifjrifjcif;vu©Pmwpfyg;jzpf
aomfvnf; tcsKdU aomolrsm;twGufrSmrl ½IH;edrfhjcif;t"dyÜg,fukdaqmifygvdrhfrnf/
ocifa,½Ionf aumif;uifwrefrif;trdefYay;oHESifh twl<uqif;vm
rnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkuajymcJhonf (i,f 16)/ aumif;uifwrefrif;
rSmaumif;uifxuf&Sd aumif;uifwrefrsm;teuf &mxl;tm;jzihftBuD;qkH;jzpf
onf/ xkdaumif;uifwrefrif;\trnfemrrSm rdau©vjzpfaMumif;ukd ,k' 1;9
rSod&Sd&onf/ aumif;uifwrefrif;rSm rdau©vjzpfaMumif;ukd&nfñTef;azmfjy
aomusrf;csufrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ pmwefukdaumif;uifxufrSypfcscJholrSm rdau©v
jzpfaMumif;ukd Asm'dwf 12;7-9 tm;jzihfuREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;Muonf/
]]aumif;uifüppfjzpf\/ rdau©vESifhol\ aumif;uifwrefwkdYonfe*g;
ukdppfwkdufMu\/ e*g;ESifhol\wrefwkdYonfppfwkdufírEkdifMu/ aumif;
uifüvnf;olwkdYaep&mr&Sd/ xkdtcg þavmuwpfEkdifiHvkH;ukdvSnfh
jzm;í rm&fewfpmweftrnf&Sdaom a&S;a>ra[mif;e*g;BuD;ukd4if;? olESifh
twlol\wrefwkdYukd4if; ajrokdYcsvkdufMu\/}}
'Ha,vtem*wådusrf;wGifvnf; rdau©vukduREkfyfwkdYawGY&onf/ xkdae
&mwGif rdau©vonf ay&odEkdifiHwpf0kdufü tkyfpkd;aeaomrdpämtmPmpufwkdYukd
qD;wm&eftwGufppfcif;aeMu\/ 'Ha,v 12;1 wGifvnf; olYtm;bk&m;ocif
vlwkdY\trIudpöukdapmihfaomoltjzpfazmfjyxm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonfhtcsufrSm ocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcg aumif;uifwrefrif;rdau©vESifhwuG 4if;\ppf
wyfBuD;ESifhtwl jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsufyifjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfrdpäm
tmPmpufrsm;ESifh,SOfNydKifí ppfcif;umolwkdYtm;vkH;ukd ed*kH;csKyfoGm;aprnfjzpf
onf/
tcef;i,f(16)wGif ocifbk&m;onf wHykd;awmfukdrIwfjcif;ESifhwuGjyef
vnf<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;onf/ wHykd;c&m
ukdppfyGJwpfyGJtm;aMujimzkdY&eftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ wefckd;tmPmBuD;aom
&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;a&muf &Sdvmjcif;ukdaMujim&eftwGufvnf;tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/
ocifa,½IrSm xkdppfyGJtwGufa&muf&Sdvmrnfh &Sifbk&ifyifjzpfonf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcg aoqkH;oGm;cJhNyD;aom,kHMunf
olrsm;onftoufjyef&Sifí ocifa,½IESifhqkHawGY&ef tmumoaumif;uifokdY
wuf<uoGm;rnfjzpfonf(i,f 17)/ ocifa,½ItrSefjzpfonf[laomtcsufESifh
pyfvsOf;írSm;p&mtaMumif;&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ xkdumvwGifodomxif&Sm;aom
erdwfvu©Pmrsm;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ þtcsif;t&mrsm;tm;vkH; jzpfysufaomtcsdef
wGiftouf&Sifvsuf&Sdaomolrsm;onf ocifa,½I\ rsufarSmufawmfüa&muf
oGm;Mu&eftwGuf rkd;wdrfay:okdYcsDaqmifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ xkdtcsdefrSpí
,kHMunfolrsm;onfocifbk&m;ESifhtwl xm0&cHpm;Mu&ayawmhrnf/
þoGefoifcsufjzifh wpfOD;udkwpfOD;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef; Mu&ef&Sifaygvk
uoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYukd pdefac:xm;cJhonf(i,f 18)/? ,kHMunfolrsm;
« 62 »« 61 »
ouf
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a,½Ionfus,favmifaomtrdefYay;oHESifh twl<uqif;vmygrnf/ MoZmwduú
BuD;aomppfAkdvfcsKyfwpfOD;ESifh 4if;\trdefYay;oHukdapmifhpm;aeaom ppfwyfBuD;
ESifhtvm;o@mefwlonf/ us,favmifaomtrdefYay;oHwpfcsufESifhtwl
þavmuBuD;\uHMur®monf wHqdyfcwfNyD;om;jzpfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ EIwfxGuf
rdefYqkdoHwpfcsufonfaumif;uifAkdvfcsKyftiftm;pkukd þurÇmokdYappm;
cJhayrnf/ xkdtrdefYay;oHukd>rufqkdrnfhaeY&uf a&muf&Sdvmygrnf/ xkdtcsif;
t&monf tcsKdUaomolrsm;twGuf atmifjrifjcif;vu©Pmwpfyg;jzpf
aomfvnf; tcsKdU aomolrsm;twGufrSmrl ½IH;edrfhjcif;t"dyÜg,fukdaqmifygvdrhfrnf/
ocifa,½Ionf aumif;uifwrefrif;trdefYay;oHESifh twl<uqif;vm
rnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; &SifaygvkuajymcJhonf (i,f 16)/ aumif;uifwrefrif;
rSmaumif;uifxuf&Sd aumif;uifwrefrsm;teuf &mxl;tm;jzihftBuD;qkH;jzpf
onf/ xkdaumif;uifwrefrif;\trnfemrrSm rdau©vjzpfaMumif;ukd ,k' 1;9
rSod&Sd&onf/ aumif;uifwrefrif;rSm rdau©vjzpfaMumif;ukd&nfñTef;azmfjy
aomusrf;csufrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ pmwefukdaumif;uifxufrSypfcscJholrSm rdau©v
jzpfaMumif;ukd Asm'dwf 12;7-9 tm;jzihfuREkfyfwkdYem;vnfxm;Muonf/
]]aumif;uifüppfjzpf\/ rdau©vESifhol\ aumif;uifwrefwkdYonfe*g;
ukdppfwkdufMu\/ e*g;ESifhol\wrefwkdYonfppfwkdufírEkdifMu/ aumif;
uifüvnf;olwkdYaep&mr&Sd/ xkdtcg þavmuwpfEkdifiHvkH;ukdvSnfh
jzm;í rm&fewfpmweftrnf&Sdaom a&S;a>ra[mif;e*g;BuD;ukd4if;? olESifh
twlol\wrefwkdYukd4if; ajrokdYcsvkdufMu\/}}
'Ha,vtem*wådusrf;wGifvnf; rdau©vukduREkfyfwkdYawGY&onf/ xkdae
&mwGif rdau©vonf ay&odEkdifiHwpf0kdufü tkyfpkd;aeaomrdpämtmPmpufwkdYukd
qD;wm&eftwGufppfcif;aeMu\/ 'Ha,v 12;1 wGifvnf; olYtm;bk&m;ocif
vlwkdY\trIudpöukdapmihfaomoltjzpfazmfjyxm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdYoabmaygufem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonfhtcsufrSm ocifa,½I
jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcg aumif;uifwrefrif;rdau©vESifhwuG 4if;\ppf
wyfBuD;ESifhtwl jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsufyifjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfrdpäm
tmPmpufrsm;ESifh,SOfNydKifí ppfcif;umolwkdYtm;vkH;ukd ed*kH;csKyfoGm;aprnfjzpf
onf/
tcef;i,f(16)wGif ocifbk&m;onf wHykd;awmfukdrIwfjcif;ESifhwuGjyef
vnf<uqif;vmrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;onf/ wHykd;c&m
ukdppfyGJwpfyGJtm;aMujimzkdY&eftwGuf tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ wefckd;tmPmBuD;aom
&Sifbk&ifwpfyg;a&muf &Sdvmjcif;ukdaMujim&eftwGufvnf;tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/
ocifa,½IrSm xkdppfyGJtwGufa&muf&Sdvmrnfh &Sifbk&ifyifjzpfonf/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmaomtcg aoqkH;oGm;cJhNyD;aom,kHMunf
olrsm;onftoufjyef&Sifí ocifa,½IESifhqkHawGY&ef tmumoaumif;uifokdY
wuf<uoGm;rnfjzpfonf(i,f 17)/ ocifa,½ItrSefjzpfonf[laomtcsufESifh
pyfvsOf;írSm;p&mtaMumif;&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ xkdumvwGifodomxif&Sm;aom
erdwfvu©Pmrsm;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ þtcsif;t&mrsm;tm;vkH; jzpfysufaomtcsdef
wGiftouf&Sifvsuf&Sdaomolrsm;onf ocifa,½I\ rsufarSmufawmfüa&muf
oGm;Mu&eftwGuf rkd;wdrfay:okdYcsDaqmifjcif;ukdcHMu&onf/ xkdtcsdefrSpí
,kHMunfolrsm;onfocifbk&m;ESifhtwl xm0&cHpm;Mu&ayawmhrnf/
þoGefoifcsufjzifh wpfOD;udkwpfOD;cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef; Mu&ef&Sifaygvk
uoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYukd pdefac:xm;cJhonf(i,f 18)/? ,kHMunfolrsm;
« 62 »« 61 »
ouf
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jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm olwkdYonfjyif;xefaomqif;&J'ku©ukd &ifqkdifawGYMuKHcJhMu
onf/ wcsKdUaomolwkdYrSm ocifa,½Itay:üxm;&Sdaom 4if;wkdY\qufuyf
tyfESHrIaMumifh toufab;ukdyifawGYMuKHaeMuayvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolwkdY\
aoqkH;jcif;onfed*kH;r[kwfyg/ þaovGefoGm;NyD;aomolwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd
tmumoaumif;uifüqkHawGYzkdY xkdocif\toHawmfukdMum;í &Sifjyefxajrmuf
MurnfhaeY&ufa&muf&Sdvmygrnf/ þtwGufaMumifhtjypf'kp½kdufü epfrGef;
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u,fwif&Sif ocifbk&m;\ rsufarSmufawmfwGif xm0&pHpm;&eftwGuf
tpomjzpfonf/
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rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&cHpm;&rnf[laom awmufyaeonfharQmfvifhjcif;
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pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf þavmuüppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifawGYMuKH&mü
olwkdYukd,kHMunfrIrsm;ay;tyfcJhygvdrhfrnf/
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oifcsufrS rnfokdYaomcGeftm;ay;jcif;rsKd;ukd oifxl;xl;jcm;jcm;&&SdcHpm;
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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ocifbk&m;uwzefjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[k uwday;xm;csuf
twGufaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdefwGif tqifoifhrjzpfao;
aomolwpfOD;wpfa,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdyk*¾dKvftwGufqkawmif;
ay;&eftcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
bk&m;ocifESifhtwl xm0&pHpm;&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufjzihf&Sifoef
aexkdifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
« 64 »« 63 »
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tyfESHrIaMumifh toufab;ukdyifawGYMuKHaeMuayvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomfolwkdY\
aoqkH;jcif;onfed*kH;r[kwfyg/ þaovGefoGm;NyD;aomolwkdYonf ocifa,½Iukd
tmumoaumif;uifüqkHawGYzkdY xkdocif\toHawmfukdMum;í &Sifjyefxajrmuf
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aysmufqkH;aeaomolrsm;\ 0rf;enf;ylaqG;jcif;rsKd;jzihfylaqG;aezkdYrvkdyg/
aojcif;w&m; onfolwkdYtwGufvrf;qkH;r[kwfyg/ aojcif;w&m;onf4if;wkdY\
u,fwif&Sif ocifbk&m;\ rsufarSmufawmfwGif xm0&pHpm;&eftwGuf
tpomjzpfonf/
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twGufppfrSefonfhcGeftm;ay;csuf trSefjzpfcJhygrnf/ þavmuüaexkdifpOfwGif
olwkdY\b0onfvG,fulacsmarGYaernfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;\
rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&cHpm;&rnf[laom awmufyaeonfharQmfvifhjcif;
ukdolwkdYykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ bk&m;ocifESifhtwl xm0&pHpm;&rnf[laom
pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf þavmuüppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifawGYMuKH&mü
olwkdYukd,kHMunfrIrsm;ay;tyfcJhygvdrhfrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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jcif;w&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom uREkfyfwkdY½IjrifokH;oyfykHukdrnfokdY
ajymif;vJapygoenf;/
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,kHMunfolwkdY\ tem*wfarQmfvifhcsufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvk\oGef
oifcsufrS rnfokdYaomcGeftm;ay;jcif;rsKd;ukd oifxl;xl;jcm;jcm;&&SdcHpm;
ygvJ/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
aojcif;wefckd;ukd csKd;zJhzsufqD;aom ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;csD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;uwzefjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[k uwday;xm;csuf
twGufaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdefwGif tqifoifhrjzpfao;
aomolwpfOD;wpfa,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdyk*¾dKvftwGufqkawmif;
ay;&eftcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
bk&m;ocifESifhtwl xm0&pHpm;&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufjzihf&Sifoef
aexkdifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
« 64 »« 63 »
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tjrJwaptoifhjzpfvsuf
1 ouf 5;1-11 ukdzwfyg/
&Sifaygvkonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnfqif;<uvmrnfhtaMumif;ukda[m
ajymoGefoifay;cJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYtwGufwzefjyefvnf
<uqif;vmaomtcg olwkdYonfocifhukdtmumaumif;uifü awGYqkHrnf[kajym
jycJhonf/ olwkdYonfvnf;þarQmfvifhcsufjzihf wpfOD;udkwpfOD;cGeftm;ay;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ xkd<uqif;vmaomaeYwGif aovGefoGm;NyD;aom bk&m;ocif\vlwkdY
onfOD;pGmxajrmufcJhMurnf/ xkdYaemufwGif&Sifvsuf&Sdaeaomolrsm;rSm csDaqmif
jcif;cH&í olwkdYtm;vkH;onfocifbk&m;ESifhtwl xm0&pHpm;Muayvdrhfrnf/
þoGefoifaqG;aEG;csuftm;vkH;onf wpfckaomar;cGef;ukdar;p&mjzpf
apcJhonf/ xkdar;cGef;rSmrnfonfhtcsdefwGif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmyg
rnfenf;[líjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuvnf; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
ocifa,½Ionf nOfhtcgüvmaomolckd;uJhokdY <uqif;vmygvdrhfrnf[k
ajzMum;cJhonf(i,f 2)/ olckd;vmrnfhtcsdefukd tb,folrQrodyg/ olckd;onf
uREkfyfwkdYarQmf vifhrxm;aomtcsdefwGifvmygvdrhfrnf/ ocifbk&m;rSmvnf;
xkdtwkdif;yif<uqif;vmygrnf/ rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkd <uqif;vmEkdifygonf/
ocifa,½IrnfonfhtcsdefwGif <uqif;vmygrnfenf; [laomar;cGef;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkütajzr&SdcJhyg/ okdYjzpfaomaMumifh oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfol wkdYtm; tjrJwaptoifhjzpfvsufaeMu&efukdom wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
ocifa,½Iuoljyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[k uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycJhaomf
vnf; tqifoifhrjzpfao;aomol ajrmufjrm;pGm&SdaecJhMuygrnf/ aemufqkH;
aomaeY&ufwGif vlwkdYonfNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;taMumif;ukd OD;pm;ay;ajym
qkdaqG;aEG;cJhMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; olwkdYtay:üBuD;rm;aom ysufpD;jcif;a&muf&Sd
vmrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;onf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmaomtcgwGif vlwkdYonfta&jcKHNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhvkHjcKHa&;wkdYwGif aexkdif&Sif
oefaeMurnfjzpfonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIonf bk&m;ociftay:ür[kwf?
urÇmhEkdifiHrsm;tMum;ü olwkdY\tpGrf;tpjzihfwnfaqmufzefwD;xm;aom
Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhvkHjcKHa&;wkdYwGifjzpfonf/ olwkdY\vkHjcKHa&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh
Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;csufrsm;onf rnfonfh&v'fukdrQ&&Sdaprnfr[kwfcJhyg/
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vmaomaeYonf olwkdYürvTJomra&Smifoma&muf&SdvmcJhygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdYajym
qkdaqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm;vkH; ta&;tygqkH;u@wpfckukd olwkdYarhavsmhaecJhMuonf/
xkdt&mrSm bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;&,ljcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdaeY&ufwGif olwkdY
ESifhb,faomtcgurQ Nidrf;csrf;aqG;aEG;rIukdrvkyfcJhaom oefY&Sif;aomjrihfjrwf
onfhbk&m;ocifa&SUwGif&yfMu&ayvdrhfrnf/ tb,frQqkd;&Gm;aomaeYjzpfcJhygrnf
enf;/ bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;r&rcsif; ppfrSefaomNidrf;csrf;a&;qkdonfrSm
r&SdEkdifyg/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeYukd rnfolurQBudKwifa[mudef;
rxkwfEkdifyg/ acwftqufquf&SdrsKd;qufopfrsm;u ocifa,½IukdolwkdYtouf
&Sifcsdefü jyefvmrnf[karQmfvifhcJhMuonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYuvnf;
ocifbk&m;ukdolwkdY\ acwfumvüqif;<uvmzkdYarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/ þ
taMumif;t&mESifhywfoufí t½kd;&Sif;qkH;tajzrSm ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
« 66»
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tjrJwaptoifhjzpfvsuf
1 ouf 5;1-11 ukdzwfyg/
&Sifaygvkonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnfqif;<uvmrnfhtaMumif;ukda[m
ajymoGefoifay;cJhygonf/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYtwGufwzefjyefvnf
<uqif;vmaomtcg olwkdYonfocifhukdtmumaumif;uifü awGYqkHrnf[kajym
jycJhonf/ olwkdYonfvnf;þarQmfvifhcsufjzihf wpfOD;udkwpfOD;cGeftm;ay;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ xkd<uqif;vmaomaeYwGif aovGefoGm;NyD;aom bk&m;ocif\vlwkdY
onfOD;pGmxajrmufcJhMurnf/ xkdYaemufwGif&Sifvsuf&Sdaeaomolrsm;rSm csDaqmif
jcif;cH&í olwkdYtm;vkH;onfocifbk&m;ESifhtwl xm0&pHpm;Muayvdrhfrnf/
þoGefoifaqG;aEG;csuftm;vkH;onf wpfckaomar;cGef;ukdar;p&mjzpf
apcJhonf/ xkdar;cGef;rSmrnfonfhtcsdefwGif ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmyg
rnfenf;[líjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuvnf; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
ocifa,½Ionf nOfhtcgüvmaomolckd;uJhokdY <uqif;vmygvdrhfrnf[k
ajzMum;cJhonf(i,f 2)/ olckd;vmrnfhtcsdefukd tb,folrQrodyg/ olckd;onf
uREkfyfwkdYarQmf vifhrxm;aomtcsdefwGifvmygvdrhfrnf/ ocifbk&m;rSmvnf;
xkdtwkdif;yif<uqif;vmygrnf/ rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqkd <uqif;vmEkdifygonf/
ocifa,½IrnfonfhtcsdefwGif <uqif;vmygrnfenf; [laomar;cGef;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkütajzr&SdcJhyg/ okdYjzpfaomaMumifh oufomavmedwf
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ocifa,½Iuoljyefvnf<uqif;vmygrnf[k uREkfyfwkdYukdajymjycJhaomf
vnf; tqifoifhrjzpfao;aomol ajrmufjrm;pGm&SdaecJhMuygrnf/ aemufqkH;
aomaeY&ufwGif vlwkdYonfNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;taMumif;ukd OD;pm;ay;ajym
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vmrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;onf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
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Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhvkHjcKHa&;wkdYwGifjzpfonf/ olwkdY\vkHjcKHa&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh
Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;csufrsm;onf rnfonfh&v'fukdrQ&&Sdaprnfr[kwfcJhyg/
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vmaomaeYonf olwkdYürvTJomra&Smifoma&muf&SdvmcJhygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdYajym
qkdaqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm;vkH; ta&;tygqkH;u@wpfckukd olwkdYarhavsmhaecJhMuonf/
xkdt&mrSm bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;&,ljcif;yifjzpfonf/ xkdaeY&ufwGif olwkdY
ESifhb,faomtcgurQ Nidrf;csrf;aqG;aEG;rIukdrvkyfcJhaom oefY&Sif;aomjrihfjrwf
onfhbk&m;ocifa&SUwGif&yfMu&ayvdrhfrnf/ tb,frQqkd;&Gm;aomaeYjzpfcJhygrnf
enf;/ bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;r&rcsif; ppfrSefaomNidrf;csrf;a&;qkdonfrSm
r&SdEkdifyg/
ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeYukd rnfolurQBudKwifa[mudef;
rxkwfEkdifyg/ acwftqufquf&SdrsKd;qufopfrsm;u ocifa,½IukdolwkdYtouf
&Sifcsdefü jyefvmrnf[karQmfvifhcJhMuonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYuvnf;
ocifbk&m;ukdolwkdY\ acwfumvüqif;<uvmzkdYarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/ þ
taMumif;t&mESifhywfoufí t½kd;&Sif;qkH;tajzrSm ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
« 66»
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aeMu&ygrnf/
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aomolrsm;uJhokdYr[kwfaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk,kHMunfpdwfcsxm;onf/ ocifbk&m;
jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomaeYwGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY tqifoifh
rjzpfaomtaetxm;wGif &SdaecJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonftvif;wGif
&Sifoefaexkdifaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnfqif;<uvmcsdefwGif
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rsm;onf ocifbk&m;<uqif;vmaomaeY&ufwGif bk&m;ocifukdajz&Sif;csufay;
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« 68 »« 67 »
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jyefvnf<uqif;vmaomaeYwGif oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY tqifoifh
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onf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdtvkyftauR;rjyKMu/ bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD;quf
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rsm;ukdvnf;tokH;rjyKMu/olwkdYonf0dnmOfa&;t&mü ysif;&daeMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvf
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&rnf/ olwkdY\toufwmukd tv[mookH;jzKef;aeMuonf/ olwkdYonfokH;r&
aomi,fom;(tapcH)rsm;jzpfMuonf/
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onfr,kHMunfolrsm;omr[kwfaMumif;ukd oabmaygufxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/
c&pf,mefrsm;yifvQifocifbk&m;jyefvnf <uqif;vmcsdeftwGif; toifhtae
txm;wGifr&SdyJjzpfaeEkdifonf/ tu,fí oifonfbk&m;ociftrIukdvnf;
raqmif? oifhtm;ay;tyfxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;udkvnf;tokH;rjyKbJ
aeaevQif ocifbk&m;ukdawGYzkdY oiftoifhrjzpfao;yg/ xkdYtjyif oifhtouf
wmütoifhjzpfvkdvQif oifhtm;vGrf;rkd;tEkdif,laeaomtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;usL;vGef
jcif;ukd&yfwefYypf&ygrnf/
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jzifhBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfzkdYvdktyfonf/ &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfwkdY
tm;ormowd&Sdí ukd,fhudkukd,fxdef;csKyfMuzkdYvkdaMumif; ajymcJhonf(i,f 6)/
ormowd(Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;)&Sdjcif;qkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdY\teD;tem;&Sd uREkfyfwkdYukd
vTrf;rkd;xdef;csKyfEkdifaomt&mrsm;ukd rsufpda'gufaxmufMunfhí uREkfyfwkdY\pdwf
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uREkfyfwkdYtaoG;tom;Zmwd\ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd4if; owdxm;jcif;yifjzpf
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NyD;vkdtyfaomt&mrsm;ukd jyifqifvkyfaqmifEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnf
qif;<uvmcsdeftwGuf uREkfyfwkdYtpOfojzihfaezkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwdkY\owdw&m;ukd
b,fawmhrQvufvTwfírjzpfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&mc&D;ü tjrJwrf;vkHYv
0D&d,&Sd&rnfjzpfouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;vTJoGm;apEkdifonfh &efol\BudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIukdvnf;owdxm;&ygrnf/
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« 68 »« 67 »
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0dnmOfawmf\ toD;tyGifhwpfckjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mukdtoufwmü
vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfaMumif; od&Sdaomoltajrmuftjrm;&Sdaomfvnf; b,faom
tcgwGifrQvkyfEkdifrnfhykHray:yg/ ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf rSefuefaom
t&mukd vkyfaqmifzkdY&eftwGuf vkdtyfaomBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIukday;ygonf/
0dnmOf a&;&mEkd;Mum;rIwpfckwnf;ESifhrvkHavmufyg/ emcHvdkufavQmufzkdYvnf;
vkdygonf/ þtwGufaMumifh pnf;urf;&SdzkdYESifhukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;
zkdYvdktyfonf/ qkdvkdonf rSmBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIESifh ZGJaumif;zkdYvdktyfonf/
oihfwifhrSefuefaomt&mukd vkyfaqmifzkdY ukd,fukdukdjiif;y,fzkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;
&Sdae&efvnf;vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGifwdkufyGJwpfck&Sdaeygonf/
ppfonfawmfrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm xkdppfyGJudkETJzkdY&eftwGuf4if;?
ocifc&pfawmf\ppfrSefí oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomppfonfawmfrsm;tjzpfESifh
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8)/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m; ykdí,kHMunfpdwfcs
aprnf/ pdwfzdpD;rIESifhppfaMumjcif;rsm; MuHhMuHh&ifqkdifEkdifzkdY &J&ifhjcif;owådESifh
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uay;qyf&rnfhtcukdrrIyJ emcHvkdufavsmufEkdif&efESifh opöm&Sd&ef,kHMunfol
wpfa,mufukd pGrf;aqmifay;ygonf/ &ifqkdifawGYMuKH&aomt&mrsm; t"dyÜg,f
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bk&mocif jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufonf ykdíeD;uyfvmonfESifhtrQ
,kHMunfolwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;onfvnf;prf;ppfcH&rnfjzpfonf/ pmwef
onf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; cvkwfxdvJusoGm;ap&eftwGuf rdrd\BudK;yrf;
tm;xkwfrIukdjr§ifhwifygrnf/ bk&m;ocifjyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd apmifhqkdif;
aecsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd MuHhcdkifoefrmapaeygrnf/
qufvufí &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY tm;ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd apmihfpm;aecsdefwGifcspfjcif;arwåm&iftkyf
wefqmukdvnf;0wfqifxm;Mu&ef vkdtyfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ cspfjcif;arwåm
rygyJtrIawmfukdaqmifvQif ocifbk&m;ukdt½kdtaoay;&mrusyg/ olYukdrcspf
vQifolYudk*kPfrjyKEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh pdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;
onfcspfjcif;arwåm\ EId;aqmfcsufaMumifhjzpfvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/
ocifbk&m;onf cHpm;rIrygaomemcHvkdufavsmufjcif;xufykdaomt&mukdarQmf
vifhaeygonf/ ocifbk&m;ukdtcpm;jyKEkdifaomenf;vrf;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ vlYtcsKdU
uocifbk&m;ukd xkH;pHtpOftvmaMumifh tcpm;jyKMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;
ausmif;ukdykHrSefwufMuonf/ toif;awmf\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;Mu
onf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonfxkdokdYaomtpOftvmü BuD;jyif;vmcJhMuaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifESifh qufEG,f&if;ESD;rIr&Sdaomfvnf;bk&m;
ausmif;ukdopöm&Sd&Sdwufa&mufaomolrsm;jzpf&kHomru bk&m;ausmif;ta&;
udpöwGifvnf;&ufa&mMuonf/ trsm;pkurl aMumuf&GHUrIESifhtwl wm0ef
0wå&m;wpfyg;taejzihfvkyfaqmifMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;\pdwfxJwGif
bk&m;ocifukdrcpm;vQif (okdY) remcHvQifolwkdYü uHMur®mqkd;wpfckckjzpfrnf[k
awG;xif&if; aMumuf&GHUaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ukd
« 70 »« 69 »
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0dnmOfawmf\ toD;tyGifhwpfckjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mukdtoufwmü
vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfaMumif; od&Sdaomoltajrmuftjrm;&Sdaomfvnf; b,faom
tcgwGifrQvkyfEkdifrnfhykHray:yg/ ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;jcif;onf rSefuefaom
t&mukd vkyfaqmifzkdY&eftwGuf vkdtyfaomBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIukday;ygonf/
0dnmOf a&;&mEkd;Mum;rIwpfckwnf;ESifhrvkHavmufyg/ emcHvdkufavQmufzkdYvnf;
vkdygonf/ þtwGufaMumifh pnf;urf;&SdzkdYESifhukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;
zkdYvdktyfonf/ qkdvkdonf rSmBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIESifh ZGJaumif;zkdYvdktyfonf/
oihfwifhrSefuefaomt&mukd vkyfaqmifzkdY ukd,fukdukdjiif;y,fzkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;
&Sdae&efvnf;vkdtyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGifwdkufyGJwpfck&Sdaeygonf/
ppfonfawmfrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm xkdppfyGJudkETJzkdY&eftwGuf4if;?
ocifc&pfawmf\ppfrSefí oefY&Sif;pifMu,faomppfonfawmfrsm;tjzpfESifh
avQmufvSrf;&eftwGuff4if;? uREkfyfwkdY\pdwfESifhcE¨mukd pnf;urf;wus
MuyfrwfzkdYvdktyfonf/
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aezkdY ol? olronf,kHMunfjcif;&iftkyfweffqmukd 0wfqifxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf(i,f
8)/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m; ykdí,kHMunfpdwfcs
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uay;qyf&rnfhtcukdrrIyJ emcHvkdufavsmufEkdif&efESifh opöm&Sd&ef,kHMunfol
wpfa,mufukd pGrf;aqmifay;ygonf/ &ifqkdifawGYMuKH&aomt&mrsm; t"dyÜg,f
r&Sdaom tcgwGif,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifukdqufvufíukd;pm;\/
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,kHMunfolwkdY\ ,kHMunfjcif;onfvnf;prf;ppfcH&rnfjzpfonf/ pmwef
onf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; cvkwfxdvJusoGm;ap&eftwGuf rdrd\BudK;yrf;
tm;xkwfrIukdjr§ifhwifygrnf/ bk&m;ocifjyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd apmifhqkdif;
aecsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd MuHhcdkifoefrmapaeygrnf/
qufvufí &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY tm;ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefukd apmihfpm;aecsdefwGifcspfjcif;arwåm&iftkyf
wefqmukdvnf;0wfqifxm;Mu&ef vkdtyfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ cspfjcif;arwåm
rygyJtrIawmfukdaqmifvQif ocifbk&m;ukdt½kdtaoay;&mrusyg/ olYukdrcspf
vQifolYudk*kPfrjyKEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh pdwf&if;pdwfxm;rsm;
onfcspfjcif;arwåm\ EId;aqmfcsufaMumifhjzpfvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/
ocifbk&m;onf cHpm;rIrygaomemcHvkdufavsmufjcif;xufykdaomt&mukdarQmf
vifhaeygonf/ ocifbk&m;ukdtcpm;jyKEkdifaomenf;vrf;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ vlYtcsKdU
uocifbk&m;ukd xkH;pHtpOftvmaMumifh tcpm;jyKMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;
ausmif;ukdykHrSefwufMuonf/ toif;awmf\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;Mu
onf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonfxkdokdYaomtpOftvmü BuD;jyif;vmcJhMuaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifESifh qufEG,f&if;ESD;rIr&Sdaomfvnf;bk&m;
ausmif;ukdopöm&Sd&Sdwufa&mufaomolrsm;jzpf&kHomru bk&m;ausmif;ta&;
udpöwGifvnf;&ufa&mMuonf/ trsm;pkurl aMumuf&GHUrIESifhtwl wm0ef
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bk&m;ocifukdrcpm;vQif (okdY) remcHvQifolwkdYü uHMur®mqkd;wpfckckjzpfrnf[k
awG;xif&if; aMumuf&GHUaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ukd
« 70 »« 69 »
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vkyfaqmifcpm;rIrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHokdYarT;BudKifaom ylaZmfouúmozG,f
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tyfESHjcif;[laom [if;cwftarT;tBudKifwkdYjzihf pD&ifxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vm
csdeftwGuftqifoihfjzpfzkdYqkdvQif olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdt<uif;rJhcspfaom
olrsm;jzpfzkdYvdktyfaMumif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifhtcpm;jyKrI
rsm;onf cspfjcif;arwåmrSpD;qif;vmaom t&mrsm;jzpfzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þonf
rSmtrIawmftwGuf wpfckwnf;aomppfrSefonfhpdwfxm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
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ocifbk&m;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfaezkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ESifh
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wnfvmzkdY ocifa,½IvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif ckdifrmaom,kHMunfcsuf
wpfck&SdzkdYvdktyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufESifh pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf ocif
a,½I\um;wkdifxufüvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIwGifom tjrpfwnfae&rnf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\ vkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzihf
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pkHapygrnf/ þarQmfvifhcsufonf olwkdYukd,fwdkifvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif
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trIukd,HkMunfí vufcHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;ukd taotcsmvkyfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/
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MuzkdYbk&m;ocifua&;qGJzefqif;xm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü
wnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;\ cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESifh aumif;BuD;ay;
jcif;ukdvkdtyfMuonf/ olwkdY\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ESifh yifukd,ftpGrf;tpwkdYukd
« 72 »« 71 »
ouf
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aMumuf&GHUaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\rsufESmomawmfukd&&SdzkdY wwfEkdiforQ
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifaeMuonf/ usefaomolrsm;url bk&m;ocifukdpdwfESvkH;
t<uif;rJh cspfaomaMumifhtcpm;jyKaeMuonf/ þuJhokdYaom,kHMunfolrsm;\
vkyfaqmifcpm;rIrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHokdYarT;BudKifaom ylaZmfouúmozG,f
vGifharsmvmMuonf/ þylaZmfouúmrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifESpfouftm;&pGmjzihf
vufcHaeonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdylaZmfouúmwkdYonf cspfjcif;arwåmESifhqufuyf
tyfESHjcif;[laom [if;cwftarT;tBudKifwkdYjzihf pD&ifxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vm
csdeftwGuftqifoihfjzpfzkdYqkdvQif olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdt<uif;rJhcspfaom
olrsm;jzpfzkdYvdktyfaMumif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifhtcpm;jyKrI
rsm;onf cspfjcif;arwåmrSpD;qif;vmaom t&mrsm;jzpfzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þonf
rSmtrIawmftwGuf wpfckwnf;aomppfrSefonfhpdwfxm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf rdrdtm;pdwfESvkH;t<uif;rJhcspfaomolwkdYukd &SmMuHvsuf&Sdonf/
tcef;i,f(8)wGifvnf; &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwdkYtm;
u,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufrnf[k arQmfvifhjcif;wnf;[laom oHcarmufvkH;ukdaqmif
xm;zkdYvkdaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ arQmfvifhjcif;[kuREkfyfwkdYqkd&mwGif rdrdwkdYjzpfcsifaom
t&mrsm;ukdarQmfvifhjcif;rqkdvkdyg/ uREkfyfwkdYþae&müajymqkdaeaom arQmfvifh
jcif;qkdonfht&mrSm ckdifrmaomcH,lcsufukdqkdvkdonf/ &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm;
ocifbk&m;twGuf tqifoihfjzpfaezkdYqkdvQif uREkfyfwkdY\u,fwifjcif;ESifh
ywfoufí þokdYaomckdifrmonfh ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIukd&Sdxm;zkdYvkdaMumif;ajymae
jcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif uREkfyfwkdYüu,fwifjcif;[laomt&mjzpf
wnfvmzkdY ocifa,½IvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif ckdifrmaom,kHMunfcsuf
wpfck&SdzkdYvdktyfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufESifh pdwfcs,kHMunfrIonf ocif
a,½I\um;wkdifxufüvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIwGifom tjrpfwnfae&rnf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;onf ocifc&pfawmf\ vkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzihf
w&m;pD&ifjcif;rS vGwfajrmuf&efu,fwifjcif;ukd vufcH&&SdzkdYtwGufcGJcefYrSwfom;
xm;aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf(i,f 9)/ ocifa,½Ionf olwdkYtwGuftaocHcJh
aomaMumifh olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&pkd;pHEkdifMuNyDjzpf
onf (i,f 10)/ olwkdYürdrd\tMuHtpnfrsm;ukdvnf; opöm&Sd&Sdjznfhqnf;jynfh
pkHapygrnf/ þarQmfvifhcsufonf olwkdYukd,fwdkifvkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mrsm;wGif
tajcrjyKxm;yg/ ocifa,½IuolwkdYukd,fpm; vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaomtrIütajc
jyKxm;onf/ u,fwifjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIüom
tajcjyKxm;aomaMumifh rus½IH;Ekdifyg/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefü
tpOfoifhjzpfzkdY qkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYukd,fpm;ocifc&pfawmfu vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhaom
trIukd,HkMunfí vufcHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;ukd taotcsmvkyfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/
þae&mwGif aemufxyfavhvmokH;oyfp&mwpfck&Sdaeao;onf/ &Sifayg
vkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdef
twGuf jyifqifaecsdefwGiftcsif;csif; wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfíwpfOD;ukdwpfOD;wnf
aqmufMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymjyxm;onf(i,f 11)/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqif;vmjcif;twGuf tqifoifhjzpfzkdYjyifqifjcif;udpöonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;jzihf
tptqkH;jyKvkyfaomt&mrsKd;r[kwfay/ uREkfyfwkdYonfwpfOD;ukdwpfOD; vkdtyfae
MuzkdYbk&m;ocifua&;qGJzefqif;xm;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfü
wnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;\ cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;jcif;ESifh aumif;BuD;ay;
jcif;ukdvkdtyfMuonf/ olwkdY\ pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ESifh yifukd,ftpGrf;tpwkdYukd
« 72 »« 71 »
ouf
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uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyf Muonf/ tvm;wlyif olwkdYuvnf; ocifbk&m;\jyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdeftwGif;jyifqifrIvkyf&mwGif uREkfyf\aumif;BuD;r*FvmESifh cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;jcif;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/
þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdY
tm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf rnfokdYtqifoifhjyifqifxm;
&rnfukd em;vnfvmzkdYulnDay;cJhonf/ qeffYusiftwkduftcHjyKcH&jcif;rsm;ukd
MuKHawGYvmEkdifaomaMumifh owd0D&d,ESifhaeMu&ef olwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/
xkdYtjyifudk,fhukdukd,fcsKyfqnf;MuzkdY&eftwGuf4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? ocif
bk&m;\u,fwifjcif;wefqmukd ,lwif0wfqifMuzkdY&eftwGuf4if; olwkdYukdpdef
ac:xm;onf/ ocifbk&m;'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGufolwkdY
jyifqifaerIYwGif tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;í
&yfwnfay;Mu&efukdvnf; ajymMum;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdefukd wpfOD;wpfa,mufutrSef
wu,fodygovm;/
þae&mwGif&Sifaygvku tdyfaysmfaeaomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymjy
xm;onf/ c&pf,mefwpfa,mufonf 0dnmOfa&;&mürnfokdYtdyfaysmf
aeEkdifoenf;/
ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;jcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ xkdt&monfocif
bk&m; jyef<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf ukd,fhukdukd,fuREkfyfwkdYjyifqifMu&mwGif
rnfonfhtcef;u@u yg0ifaeygoenf;/
,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYZGJvkHY&Sdapí ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdefwGif tqifoihfjzpfapygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf jyifqif&mü wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;
yHhykd;ulnDMu&mü ukd,fcE¨mawmf\tcef;u@um;tb,fenf;? tjcm;ol
rsm;utqifoifhjzpfMuzkdYjyifqif&mü ulnDay;zkdYbk&m;ocifu oifhukd
rnfokdYtokH;jyKvkdygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh0dnmOfa&;&mü tdyfaysmfvsuf&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd azmfjyay;zkdYocif
bk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefü tqifoihfjzpfzkdYoifhteD;
tem;&SdvlwkdYukd cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&mü oifrnfokdYyHhykd;ulnDEkdif
rnfukd vrf;jyay;zkdYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
&efol\wkdufckdufjcif;tay:ü Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&Sdvmatmif ulnDzefwD;
ay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 74 »« 73 »
ouf
ooooo
uREkfyfwkdYvkdtyf Muonf/ tvm;wlyif olwkdYuvnf; ocifbk&m;\jyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdeftwGif;jyifqifrIvkyf&mwGif uREkfyf\aumif;BuD;r*FvmESifh cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;jcif;ukd vkdtyfMuonf/
þoifcef;pmtykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdY
tm; ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf rnfokdYtqifoifhjyifqifxm;
&rnfukd em;vnfvmzkdYulnDay;cJhonf/ qeffYusiftwkduftcHjyKcH&jcif;rsm;ukd
MuKHawGYvmEkdifaomaMumifh owd0D&d,ESifhaeMu&ef olwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/
xkdYtjyifudk,fhukdukd,fcsKyfqnf;MuzkdY&eftwGuf4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? ocif
bk&m;\u,fwifjcif;wefqmukd ,lwif0wfqifMuzkdY&eftwGuf4if; olwkdYukdpdef
ac:xm;onf/ ocifbk&m;'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;twGufolwkdY
jyifqifaerIYwGif tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;í
&yfwnfay;Mu&efukdvnf; ajymMum;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhtcsdefukd wpfOD;wpfa,mufutrSef
wu,fodygovm;/
þae&mwGif&Sifaygvku tdyfaysmfaeaomolrsm;taMumif;ukdajymjy
xm;onf/ c&pf,mefwpfa,mufonf 0dnmOfa&;&mürnfokdYtdyfaysmf
aeEkdifoenf;/
ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;jcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ xkdt&monfocif
bk&m; jyef<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf ukd,fhukdukd,fuREkfyfwkdYjyifqifMu&mwGif
rnfonfhtcef;u@u yg0ifaeygoenf;/
,kHMunfjcif;onf uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYZGJvkHY&Sdapí ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<u
qif;vmcsdefwGif tqifoihfjzpfapygoenf;/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdeftwGuf jyifqif&mü wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;
yHhykd;ulnDMu&mü ukd,fcE¨mawmf\tcef;u@um;tb,fenf;? tjcm;ol
rsm;utqifoifhjzpfMuzkdYjyifqif&mü ulnDay;zkdYbk&m;ocifu oifhukd
rnfokdYtokH;jyKvkdygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh0dnmOfa&;&mü tdyfaysmfvsuf&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd azmfjyay;zkdYocif
bk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmcsdefü tqifoihfjzpfzkdYoifhteD;
tem;&SdvlwkdYukd cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&mü oifrnfokdYyHhykd;ulnDEkdif
rnfukd vrf;jyay;zkdYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
&efol\wkdufckdufjcif;tay:ü Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&Sdvmatmif ulnDzefwD;
ay;zkdYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 74 »« 73 »
ouf
ooooo
8
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
1 ouf 5;12-28 ukdzwfyg/
þMo0g'pmapmif\aemufqkH;ykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfpdefac:csufrsm;ukd
woDwoef;azmfjyxm;½kHomru tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmukdvnf; aqG;aEG;
xm;onf/
0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;tm; av;pm;avmh (i,f 12-13)
olwkdYtv,fütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaomolrsm;? txl;ojzihf0dnmOfa&;
&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd MunfndKav;pm;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkupwifpdefac:xm;onf/
þacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm olwkdYukdoGefoifqkH;ray;aeolrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;
i,f(12)wGifowdxm;Munfhyg/ oGefoifqkH;rjcif;qkdonfrSm owday;jcif;? wm;
jrpfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\aumif;usKd;ukd
umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;aeMuonf/ xkdYaMumifhtoif;awmfu rMum;csifaom
pum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajym&aomtcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ wpfcgw&HwGifolwkdYtoif;
awmfay:ü trSm;jyifqifay;jcif; (okdY)tjypfazmfjyjcif;rsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhMu&onf/
þokdYvkyfaqmif&jcif;onf olwkdYwawG\0dnmOfa&;&m aumif;usKd;twGufjzpf
onf/
&Sifaygvkutoif;awmftxHü olwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd
cspfcifav;pm;Mu&efajymMum;xm;onf (i,f 13)/ acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzihf
vnf; þtcsif;t&mukdvkyfaqmifMuzkdY cGJqefYxm;jcif;ukdcHMu&aomaMumifhom
vkyfaqmifMu&onfhtjzpfukdowdjyKyg/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf bk&m;ocifukd
4if;? xkdocifbk&m;\tMuHtpnfrsm;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;olrsm;ukd qefYusifjcif;onfolwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfrsm;ukdqefYusifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yf
aMumifhoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHü ajz&Sif;csufukday;
Mu&ygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;
r&SdonfhtaMumif;ukdenf;rsKd;pkHjzihfjyEkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;
aqmifrsm;ukd4if;? olwkdY\vkyfykHvkyfenf;rsm;ukd4if; rauseyfnnf;nLwkdifwef;
jcif;onftb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOf
a&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd cspfcifav;jrwfMu&efajymcJhonf/
tcsif;csif;twifhtoifhaeMuavmh (i,f 13)
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwldYtm; tcsif;csif;twifh
toihfaeMu&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf (i,f 13)/ okdYaomf þokdYqkd&mwGif t&mtm;
vkH;ütcsif;csif;pdwfoabmxm; wkdufqkdifMu&rnf[krqkdvkdyg/ taMumif;t&m
tcsKdUüt,ltqcsif;uGJjym;aeMuaomfvnf; qufvufítwifhtoifh Nidrf;Nidrf;
csrf;csrf;aygif;oif;aexdkifMu&efrSm jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/
"r®aw; oHpkHusL;tzGJYxJüoif0ifETJzl;vQif oHpOfwpfckukdtwlwuGoDqkd&
jcif;ESifhoHpOfuGJrsm;ukdaygif;pyfí om,memaysmfzG,foDqkd&jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;
em;csufukdoifodygvdrhfrnf/ oHpOfwpfckukdtwlwuGoDqkd&jcif;wGif tzGJY0if
tm;vkH;onf *DwoHpOfwpfckukdtoHwpfoHwnf;jzihf tm;vkH;oDqkdMu&onf/
oHpOfuGJrsm;ukdaygif;pyfí vkdufzufnDpGmoDqkdjcif;rSmuGJjym;onf/ þokdYaom
oDqkdjcif;wGif oDqkdolrsm;onfrwlnDaom *DwoHpOfrsm;ukdoDqkd&aomfvnf;
« 76 »
ouf
ooooo
8
ed*kH;csKyftrSmpum;
1 ouf 5;12-28 ukdzwfyg/
þMo0g'pmapmif\aemufqkH;ykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfpdefac:csufrsm;ukd
woDwoef;azmfjyxm;½kHomru tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmukdvnf; aqG;aEG;
xm;onf/
0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;tm; av;pm;avmh (i,f 12-13)
olwkdYtv,fütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaomolrsm;? txl;ojzihf0dnmOfa&;
&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd MunfndKav;pm;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkupwifpdefac:xm;onf/
þacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm olwkdYukdoGefoifqkH;ray;aeolrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;
i,f(12)wGifowdxm;Munfhyg/ oGefoifqkH;rjcif;qkdonfrSm owday;jcif;? wm;
jrpfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;\aumif;usKd;ukd
umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;aeMuonf/ xkdYaMumifhtoif;awmfu rMum;csifaom
pum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajym&aomtcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ wpfcgw&HwGifolwkdYtoif;
awmfay:ü trSm;jyifqifay;jcif; (okdY)tjypfazmfjyjcif;rsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhMu&onf/
þokdYvkyfaqmif&jcif;onf olwkdYwawG\0dnmOfa&;&m aumif;usKd;twGufjzpf
onf/
&Sifaygvkutoif;awmftxHü olwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd
cspfcifav;pm;Mu&efajymMum;xm;onf (i,f 13)/ acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzihf
vnf; þtcsif;t&mukdvkyfaqmifMuzkdY cGJqefYxm;jcif;ukdcHMu&aomaMumifhom
vkyfaqmifMu&onfhtjzpfukdowdjyKyg/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf bk&m;ocifukd
4if;? xkdocifbk&m;\tMuHtpnfrsm;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKaeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;olrsm;ukd qefYusifjcif;onfolwkdYtwGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfrsm;ukdqefYusifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yf
aMumifhoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHü ajz&Sif;csufukday;
Mu&ygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;
r&SdonfhtaMumif;ukdenf;rsKd;pkHjzihfjyEkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;
aqmifrsm;ukd4if;? olwkdY\vkyfykHvkyfenf;rsm;ukd4if; rauseyfnnf;nLwkdifwef;
jcif;onftb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOf
a&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd cspfcifav;jrwfMu&efajymcJhonf/
tcsif;csif;twifhtoifhaeMuavmh (i,f 13)
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwldYtm; tcsif;csif;twifh
toihfaeMu&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf (i,f 13)/ okdYaomf þokdYqkd&mwGif t&mtm;
vkH;ütcsif;csif;pdwfoabmxm; wkdufqkdifMu&rnf[krqkdvkdyg/ taMumif;t&m
tcsKdUüt,ltqcsif;uGJjym;aeMuaomfvnf; qufvufítwifhtoifh Nidrf;Nidrf;
csrf;csrf;aygif;oif;aexdkifMu&efrSm jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/
"r®aw; oHpkHusL;tzGJYxJüoif0ifETJzl;vQif oHpOfwpfckukdtwlwuGoDqkd&
jcif;ESifhoHpOfuGJrsm;ukdaygif;pyfí om,memaysmfzG,foDqkd&jcif;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;
em;csufukdoifodygvdrhfrnf/ oHpOfwpfckukdtwlwuGoDqkd&jcif;wGif tzGJY0if
tm;vkH;onf *DwoHpOfwpfckukdtoHwpfoHwnf;jzihf tm;vkH;oDqkdMu&onf/
oHpOfuGJrsm;ukdaygif;pyfí vkdufzufnDpGmoDqkdjcif;rSmuGJjym;onf/ þokdYaom
oDqkdjcif;wGif oDqkdolrsm;onfrwlnDaom *DwoHpOfrsm;ukdoDqkd&aomfvnf;
« 76 »
ouf
ooooo
olwkdYonftvGefemaysmfzG,faumif;aom *DwoHpOfBuD;wpfckukdzefwD;&ef xdkoH
pOfrsm;ukda&maESmaygif;pyfMu&onf/
wpfoHwnf;oDqkdjcif; tajccHOya'orsKd;jzihf vnfywfaeaomtoif;
rsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYutoif;awmftwGif;&Sdvlwkdif;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;wpfrsKd;wnf;&Sd&ef
4if;? 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ykHpHwpfckukdomjyKusihf&ef4if;? toufwm&SifoefykHwpfrsKd;
om&SdMu&ef4if; tjyif;txefawmif;qkdjy|mefMuonf/ olwkdY\enf;vrf;wkdif;
twdtusrvkdufemEkdifaomolwkdYESifh jyóemjzpfMuonf/ xkdokdYaom toif;
awmfrsm;onf 4if;wkdYESifhuGJjym;aeaomtjcm;toif;awmfrsm;ESifh rdwfo[m
,zGJYjcif;rsKd;ukdjiif;y,fMuonf/ okdYaomf trSeftm;jzihfqkd&vQif c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfwGif BuD;rm;aomuGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
tm;vkH;onf 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ukd wlnDaomenf;vrf;wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh
rjyKvkyfMuyg/ tao; tzGJjzpfaom ,kHMunfrIt,l0g'rsm;wGifvnf;uGJjym;onf/
þokdYaomuGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;&Sdvifhupm; uREkfyfwkdYrSmtcsif;csif;oifhwifpGm
aexdkifMu&rnf/ ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;pDü&Sdaeaom uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;
onfwpfpkHwpfckukdyHhykd;jznfhqnf;ay;Muygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fpD
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ukd vufcHay;Muí ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0
wnf;jzpfjcif;jzihf xkdt&mrsm;ukdcspfcifMuifemwwfaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf
jyo&eftcGifhay;aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf
twifhtoifhtaexkdifMu&efrSm jzpfEkdifacstvm;tvmrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/
Nidrf;csrf;pGm&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;qkdonfrSm y#dyu©r&SdbJ&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;
jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfolrsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYonftcsif;csif;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? rsufESm
a&SmifvTJíaeaeMuonfukd Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ESifhaeaeMuonf[k ,kHMunfaeMu
onf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGYvQif jyóemjzpf
rnfukdodaeaomaMumifh wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufESma&SmifvTJaeMuaom
rdom;pkwpfpkukdjrifa,mifMunfhyg/ þuJhokdYaom rdom;pkü&SdMuaomvlrsm;onf
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ESifh oifhoifhwifhwifhaexkdifaeMuonf[k
oifajym Ekdifygovm;/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfürwlnDcsufrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;
Mu&aom tcsdefrsm;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf; oifhoihfwifhwifh aexkdifjcif;
[kqkd&mwGif jyóem(okdY)y#dyu©r&Sd[krqkdvkdyg/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYonfxkdrwl
nDcsufrsm;ukd twlwuGajz&Sif;íwpfOD;csif;pD\rwlnDcsufrsm;ukd
av;pm;ay;Mu&rnf[laom t"dyÜg,fyifjzpfonf/
tcsnf;EDS;aeaomolwkdYtm;owday;avmh (i,f 14)
oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGif tcsnf;ESD;aexkdifMuaom ,kHMunfolrsm;&SdcJh
onf/ xkd,kHMunfolvlwpfcsKdUonf olwkdYtouf&SifpOfumvwGifocifa,½Ijyef
vnf<uqif;vmrnf[k ,HkMunfarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/ xkdokdYocifukd,fawmf
rMumrDjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom ,kHMunfarQmhfvifhcsufaMumifhtvkyfrvkyf
bJaexkdifcJhMuonf/ þtcsif;t&monf jyóemukdzefwD;jzpfay:apcJhonf/
taMumif;rSm olwkdY\rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf wjcm;olrsm;ukdrSDckdtm;xm;í
&SifoefMu&onf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\oufao jzpfjcif;ukdtrnf;pufrsm;pGef;
xifapcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\rdom;pk&Sdvkdtyfcsufrsm;udkrjznfh
qnf;onfhtjyiftokdif;t0ef;twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkurl ,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usiftwGuf
tusKd;jyKaomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdYukd arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/ tcsnf;tESD;aexkdifjcif;
« 78 »« 77 »
ouf
ooooo
olwkdYonftvGefemaysmfzG,faumif;aom *DwoHpOfBuD;wpfckukdzefwD;&ef xdkoH
pOfrsm;ukda&maESmaygif;pyfMu&onf/
wpfoHwnf;oDqkdjcif; tajccHOya'orsKd;jzihf vnfywfaeaomtoif;
rsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYutoif;awmftwGif;&Sdvlwkdif;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;wpfrsKd;wnf;&Sd&ef
4if;? 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ykHpHwpfckukdomjyKusihf&ef4if;? toufwm&SifoefykHwpfrsKd;
om&SdMu&ef4if; tjyif;txefawmif;qkdjy|mefMuonf/ olwkdY\enf;vrf;wkdif;
twdtusrvkdufemEkdifaomolwkdYESifh jyóemjzpfMuonf/ xkdokdYaom toif;
awmfrsm;onf 4if;wkdYESifhuGJjym;aeaomtjcm;toif;awmfrsm;ESifh rdwfo[m
,zGJYjcif;rsKd;ukdjiif;y,fMuonf/ okdYaomf trSeftm;jzihfqkd&vQif c&pfawmf\
ukd,fcE¨mawmfwGif BuD;rm;aomuGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
tm;vkH;onf 0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;ukd wlnDaomenf;vrf;wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh
rjyKvkyfMuyg/ tao; tzGJjzpfaom ,kHMunfrIt,l0g'rsm;wGifvnf;uGJjym;onf/
þokdYaomuGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;&Sdvifhupm; uREkfyfwkdYrSmtcsif;csif;oifhwifpGm
aexdkifMu&rnf/ ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;pDü&Sdaeaom uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;
onfwpfpkHwpfckukdyHhykd;jznfhqnf;ay;Muygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fpD
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ukd vufcHay;Muí ukd,fcE¨mawmfü wpfvkH;wpf0
wnf;jzpfjcif;jzihf xkdt&mrsm;ukdcspfcifMuifemwwfaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf
jyo&eftcGifhay;aomtcg uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH; pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfpGmjzihf
twifhtoifhtaexkdifMu&efrSm jzpfEkdifacstvm;tvmrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/
Nidrf;csrf;pGm&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;qkdonfrSm y#dyu©r&SdbJ&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;
jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfolrsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYonftcsif;csif;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? rsufESm
a&SmifvTJíaeaeMuonfukd Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ESifhaeaeMuonf[k ,kHMunfaeMu
onf/ tcsif;csif;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGYvQif jyóemjzpf
rnfukdodaeaomaMumifh wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rsufESma&SmifvTJaeMuaom
rdom;pkwpfpkukdjrifa,mifMunfhyg/ þuJhokdYaom rdom;pkü&SdMuaomvlrsm;onf
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ESifh oifhoifhwifhwifhaexkdifaeMuonf[k
oifajym Ekdifygovm;/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfürwlnDcsufrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;
Mu&aom tcsdefrsm;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf; oifhoihfwifhwifh aexkdifjcif;
[kqkd&mwGif jyóem(okdY)y#dyu©r&Sd[krqkdvkdyg/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdYonfxkdrwl
nDcsufrsm;ukd twlwuGajz&Sif;íwpfOD;csif;pD\rwlnDcsufrsm;ukd
av;pm;ay;Mu&rnf[laom t"dyÜg,fyifjzpfonf/
tcsnf;EDS;aeaomolwkdYtm;owday;avmh (i,f 14)
oufomavmedwfNrdKUwGif tcsnf;ESD;aexkdifMuaom ,kHMunfolrsm;&SdcJh
onf/ xkd,kHMunfolvlwpfcsKdUonf olwkdYtouf&SifpOfumvwGifocifa,½Ijyef
vnf<uqif;vmrnf[k ,HkMunfarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/ xkdokdYocifukd,fawmf
rMumrDjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnf[laom ,kHMunfarQmhfvifhcsufaMumifhtvkyfrvkyf
bJaexkdifcJhMuonf/ þtcsif;t&monf jyóemukdzefwD;jzpfay:apcJhonf/
taMumif;rSm olwkdY\rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf wjcm;olrsm;ukdrSDckdtm;xm;í
&SifoefMu&onf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\oufao jzpfjcif;ukdtrnf;pufrsm;pGef;
xifapcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\rdom;pk&Sdvkdtyfcsufrsm;udkrjznfh
qnf;onfhtjyiftokdif;t0ef;twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmcJhMuaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkurl ,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwkdYaexkdif&mywf0ef;usiftwGuf
tusKd;jyKaomolrsm;jzpfMuzkdYukd arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/ tcsnf;tESD;aexkdifjcif;
« 78 »« 77 »
ouf
ooooo
onf jyóemrsm;ukdomjzpfapcJhonf/ xkdokYdtcsnf;tESD;aexkdif&if;rdrdwkdY\
tcsdefem&Drsm;ESifh pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tv[mojzpfapaomolrsm;onf
wpfaeYwGifbk&m;ociftxHü &Sif;vif;csufrsm;ukday;Mu&rnf[k &Sifaygvkod&Sd
cHpm;cJhonf/ olwkdYonfrvkdtyfbJ toif;awmftwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfae
MuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd tv[mojzef;wD;aeMuonf/
xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocifjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd apmifhpm;aeonfESifhtrQ
tvkyfukdBudK;pm;ívkyfukdif &if;rdrdwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;ukd auR;arG;apmifha&SmufMu&ef
&Sifaygvku wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
pdwfi,faomolwkdYukdtm;ay;í tm;enf;aomolwkdYukdaz;rulnDMuavmh (i,f
14)
toif;awmfonf pdwfi,faomol? tm;enf;aomolwkdYukd tm;ay;ulnD
Mu&ayonf/ xkdokdYpdwftm;i,fí tm;enf;aeaomolrsm;ukd pdwf&Snfonf;cH
jcif;ESifhtwlaz;rí pdwf"mwfjr§ifhwifay;Mu&rnf/ pdwfi,ftm;jcif;ESifhtm;enf;
jcif;onf ,kHMunfoltcsKdUukd bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftwGuf wpfenf;wpffvrf;
jzihftokH;0ifaomolrsm; jzpfrvmEkdifzkdY[efYwm;xm;onf/ toif;awmf&Sdtoif;
0ifrsm;tm;vkH;onf toD;tyGifhjzpfxGef;í tusKd;rsm;aomolrsm; jzpfvmMuzkdY&ef
rSmbk&m;ocif\t"duqE´jzpfonf/
oifukd,fwkdifonfvnf; pdwfi,faomoljzpfaeEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfukdtokH;jyKEkdifyghrvm;[k ukd,fhukdukd,fMunfh íoiftHhMoaumif;tHhMo
aernf/ oifh,kHMunfjcif;rSmvnf;tm;enf;aeí oifh&JUpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;um;
rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfonfukdpOf;pm;&if; tHhMoaumif;tHhMoaernf/ bk&m;ocif
onf,HkMunf olwpfa,mufpDtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;&SdaeaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;onf/ tm;enf;aomolrsm;ESifhpdwfi,faomolrsm;
twGufyifvQif vkyfaqmifp&mu@wpfckawmh&Sdygonf/ xkdYaMumifh pdwfi,fae
aomolrsm;ESifh tm;enf;aeaomolwkdYonf bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmfBuD;\ tvkyf
u@rsm;wGifrdrdwkdY\ae&mESifh &nf&G,fcsufukdem;vnfvmEkdifMuzkdY cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;Mu&ef &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdpdefac:cJhonf/
aus;Zl;jyKMuavmh (i,f 15)
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGif;üyif t&mtm;vkH; rSmtjrJwrf;
acsmacsmarGYarGYr&SdEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukdtvGeftrif;pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfapaom
t&mrsm;ukd vlwkdYuvkyfaqmifMuaomtcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhygrnf/ xkdokdYaom
tcsdefrsKd;wGif uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aompkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rSm vufpm;acswkefY
jyefjcif;yifjzpfonf/ trSm;ukdtrSm;jzifh b,faomtcgwGifrQrwkefYjyefMuzkdY
&SifayguoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolwkdYukdajymcJhonf/ xkdodkYjyKMurnfh
tpm; rdrdwkdYukdjypfrIusL;vGefolwkdYtm; arwåmw&m;ukdjyoMuzkdYjzpfonf/ þokdY
aomarwåmw&m;ukd c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;üom &SifoefjyoMu&ef
r[kwfbJ? toif;awmf\jyify&SdvlwkdYtay:üvnf; &SifoefjyoMu&rnfh
taMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ c&pf,mefwkdYonf tcsif;csif;tv,fü4if;? rdrdwkdYaexkdif
&mywf0ef;usifü4if; þarwåmw&m;jzihf xifay:ausmfMum;vlodrsm;aomolrsm;
jzpfMu&rnf/
0rf;ajrmufjcif;&SdMuavmh (i,f 16)
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdtpOfrjywf 0rf;ajrmuf
« 80 »« 79 »
ouf
ooooo
onf jyóemrsm;ukdomjzpfapcJhonf/ xkdokYdtcsnf;tESD;aexkdif&if;rdrdwkdY\
tcsdefem&Drsm;ESifh pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd tv[mojzpfapaomolrsm;onf
wpfaeYwGifbk&m;ociftxHü &Sif;vif;csufrsm;ukday;Mu&rnf[k &Sifaygvkod&Sd
cHpm;cJhonf/ olwkdYonfrvkdtyfbJ toif;awmftwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfae
MuaomaMumifh bk&m;ocif\t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd tv[mojzef;wD;aeMuonf/
xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocifjyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;ukd apmifhpm;aeonfESifhtrQ
tvkyfukdBudK;pm;ívkyfukdif &if;rdrdwkdY\rdom;pkrsm;ukd auR;arG;apmifha&SmufMu&ef
&Sifaygvku wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
pdwfi,faomolwkdYukdtm;ay;í tm;enf;aomolwkdYukdaz;rulnDMuavmh (i,f
14)
toif;awmfonf pdwfi,faomol? tm;enf;aomolwkdYukd tm;ay;ulnD
Mu&ayonf/ xkdokdYpdwftm;i,fí tm;enf;aeaomolrsm;ukd pdwf&Snfonf;cH
jcif;ESifhtwlaz;rí pdwf"mwfjr§ifhwifay;Mu&rnf/ pdwfi,ftm;jcif;ESifhtm;enf;
jcif;onf ,kHMunfoltcsKdUukd bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftwGuf wpfenf;wpffvrf;
jzihftokH;0ifaomolrsm; jzpfrvmEkdifzkdY[efYwm;xm;onf/ toif;awmf&Sdtoif;
0ifrsm;tm;vkH;onf toD;tyGifhjzpfxGef;í tusKd;rsm;aomolrsm; jzpfvmMuzkdY&ef
rSmbk&m;ocif\t"duqE´jzpfonf/
oifukd,fwkdifonfvnf; pdwfi,faomoljzpfaeEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf uREkfyfukdtokH;jyKEkdifyghrvm;[k ukd,fhukdukd,fMunfh íoiftHhMoaumif;tHhMo
aernf/ oifh,kHMunfjcif;rSmvnf;tm;enf;aeí oifh&JUpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;um;
rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfonfukdpOf;pm;&if; tHhMoaumif;tHhMoaernf/ bk&m;ocif
onf,HkMunf olwpfa,mufpDtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;&SdaeaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk
uuREkfyfwkdYtm;today;xm;onf/ tm;enf;aomolrsm;ESifhpdwfi,faomolrsm;
twGufyifvQif vkyfaqmifp&mu@wpfckawmh&Sdygonf/ xkdYaMumifh pdwfi,fae
aomolrsm;ESifh tm;enf;aeaomolwkdYonf bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmfBuD;\ tvkyf
u@rsm;wGifrdrdwkdY\ae&mESifh &nf&G,fcsufukdem;vnfvmEkdifMuzkdY cGeftm;ay;
wkdufwGef;Mu&ef &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdpdefac:cJhonf/
aus;Zl;jyKMuavmh (i,f 15)
ocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmftwGif;üyif t&mtm;vkH; rSmtjrJwrf;
acsmacsmarGYarGYr&SdEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYukdtvGeftrif;pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfapaom
t&mrsm;ukd vlwkdYuvkyfaqmifMuaomtcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhygrnf/ xkdokdYaom
tcsdefrsKd;wGif uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif&aompkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rSm vufpm;acswkefY
jyefjcif;yifjzpfonf/ trSm;ukdtrSm;jzifh b,faomtcgwGifrQrwkefYjyefMuzkdY
&SifayguoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolwkdYukdajymcJhonf/ xkdodkYjyKMurnfh
tpm; rdrdwkdYukdjypfrIusL;vGefolwkdYtm; arwåmw&m;ukdjyoMuzkdYjzpfonf/ þokdY
aomarwåmw&m;ukd c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;üom &SifoefjyoMu&ef
r[kwfbJ? toif;awmf\jyify&SdvlwkdYtay:üvnf; &SifoefjyoMu&rnfh
taMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ c&pf,mefwkdYonf tcsif;csif;tv,fü4if;? rdrdwkdYaexkdif
&mywf0ef;usifü4if; þarwåmw&m;jzihf xifay:ausmfMum;vlodrsm;aomolrsm;
jzpfMu&rnf/
0rf;ajrmufjcif;&SdMuavmh (i,f 16)
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdtpOfrjywf 0rf;ajrmuf
« 80 »« 79 »
ouf
ooooo
jcif;&SdMu&efwkdufwGef;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
ocifbk&m;\trIt&mtwGuf qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeMuonfhtjzpf
ukdowd&yg/ t&mtm;vkH;tqifajyacsmarGYaeaomtcsdefü cHpm;&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;rSmwpfrsKd;jzpfí cufcJaomtcsdeftcgrsm;ü cHpm;&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;rSmaemufwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkurl tqifajyacsmarGYae
aomtcsdefESifh cufcJMuyfwnf;aomtcsdefwkdYukdrcGJjcm;xm;yg/ tpOfrjywf
0rf;ajrmufjcif;&SdMuzkdYom olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;cJhonf/
ppfaMumjcif;tcsdeftcgrsm;tv,füyif 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd&&SdcHpm;Ekdifyg
onf/ þokdYajymqkd&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;&aomemusif jcif;rsm;ESifhqkH;½IH;jcif;rsm;
ukd0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeMu&efr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwkdY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf uREkfyf
wkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;&aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ukd xdef;csKyfaeaomocif
bk&m;xHrSa&muf&Sdvmygonf/ xkdocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdb,faomtcg
wGifrSpGefYypfroGm;yg[laom *wdawmfrSa&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif
awGYMuKHae&aom tajctaetm;vkH;ukduREkfyfwkdY\ aumif;usKd;twGuftokH;jyK
oGm;rnf[k xkdocifuuwdawmfay;xm;onf/ tm;upm;orm;wkdif;u emusif
jcif;ESifh0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf twlwuGvufcsif;csdwfí ,SOfwGJoGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd
em;vnfoabmaygufxm;Muonf/ tajy;NydKifyGJwpfckukd 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif
aeaom tajy;tm;upm;orm;wpfOD;ukd pdwful;Munfhyg/ olonfajy;yGJukd
cGeftm;&SdorQpkdufxkwfíajy;aeonf/ xkdodkYajy;aepOfwGif ol\ESvkH;ESifhtqkwf
wkdYü4if;? ol\ajcaxmufrsm;ü4if; emusifjcif;ukdcHpm;&rnfrSmtxift&Sm;yif
jzpfonf/ olonfrdrd\ukd,fcE¨mukd twkdif;twmwpfckxufausmfvGefíwGef;ykdY
ae&ygonf/ xkdokdYjzihfyef;wkdifukdtm;oGefcGefpkduf ajy;aeonfESifhtrQpdwfyifyef;
rI'PfukdrcsdrqefYcHpm;&ygonf/ xkdodkYaomemusifjcif;ukd cHpm;ae&aom
tcsdefwGif olYü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdrcHpm;&[krqkdEkdifyg/ emusifjcif;ukdtrSefwu,f
cHpm;ae&ouJhokdY0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdvnf;cHpm;ae&ygonf/ c&pf,meftoufwm
wGifvnf;tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;tay:üxm;&Sdaom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;ukd vufrvTwfMu&efpdefac:cJhjcif;jzpf onf/
rjcm;rvyfqkawmif;yXmemjyKMuavmh (i,f 17)
c&pf,meftoufwmü &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mwGif t[efYtwm;
taESmifht,Sufrsm;MuKH&ygonf/ xkdokdYMuKHawGY&aomtcsdefrsm;wGif 4if;t[efY
twm;? taESmifht,Sufrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;\vufawmfütyfESHMu&rnf/
taMumif;t&mtajctaersm; cufcJMuyfwnf;vmí oihf&JU0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
vnf;arS;rSdefaysmufuG,fpjyKaeNyDqkdvQif xkdjyóemrsm;ukduREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
xrf;ykd;ay;oGm;rnf[k xkdocifuuwday;xm;onf/ xkdokdYqkawmif;yXmem
jyKonfESifhtrQ ocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdOD;aqmifíESpfodrfhay;&if;vrf;jy
oGm;ygonf/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;rsm;okdxm;&m
b@mwkdufawmfrsm;onfyGifh[vmNyD; uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaomwm0efrsm;
twGuftm;opfrsm;ukd oGef;avmif;ay;ygonf/
t&m&müaus;Zl;wifMuavmh (i,f 18)
uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemtcuftcJrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;txHü qkawmif;jcif;
tm;jzihfomtyfESHxm;zkdYr[kwfyg/ xdkokdYaomjyóemtcuftcJrsm;xJüyif
« 82 »« 81 »
ouf
ooooo
jcif;&SdMu&efwkdufwGef;cJhonf/ oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
ocifbk&m;\trIt&mtwGuf qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeMuonfhtjzpf
ukdowd&yg/ t&mtm;vkH;tqifajyacsmarGYaeaomtcsdefü cHpm;&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;rSmwpfrsKd;jzpfí cufcJaomtcsdeftcgrsm;ü cHpm;&aom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;rSmaemufwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkurl tqifajyacsmarGYae
aomtcsdefESifh cufcJMuyfwnf;aomtcsdefwkdYukdrcGJjcm;xm;yg/ tpOfrjywf
0rf;ajrmufjcif;&SdMuzkdYom olwkdYukdwkdufwGef;cJhonf/
ppfaMumjcif;tcsdeftcgrsm;tv,füyif 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukd&&SdcHpm;Ekdifyg
onf/ þokdYajymqkd&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;&aomemusif jcif;rsm;ESifhqkH;½IH;jcif;rsm;
ukd0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeMu&efr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwkdY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf uREkfyf
wkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;&aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;ukd xdef;csKyfaeaomocif
bk&m;xHrSa&muf&Sdvmygonf/ xkdocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdb,faomtcg
wGifrSpGefYypfroGm;yg[laom *wdawmfrSa&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdif
awGYMuKHae&aom tajctaetm;vkH;ukduREkfyfwkdY\ aumif;usKd;twGuftokH;jyK
oGm;rnf[k xkdocifuuwdawmfay;xm;onf/ tm;upm;orm;wkdif;u emusif
jcif;ESifh0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf twlwuGvufcsif;csdwfí ,SOfwGJoGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd
em;vnfoabmaygufxm;Muonf/ tajy;NydKifyGJwpfckukd 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif
aeaom tajy;tm;upm;orm;wpfOD;ukd pdwful;Munfhyg/ olonfajy;yGJukd
cGeftm;&SdorQpkdufxkwfíajy;aeonf/ xkdodkYajy;aepOfwGif ol\ESvkH;ESifhtqkwf
wkdYü4if;? ol\ajcaxmufrsm;ü4if; emusifjcif;ukdcHpm;&rnfrSmtxift&Sm;yif
jzpfonf/ olonfrdrd\ukd,fcE¨mukd twkdif;twmwpfckxufausmfvGefíwGef;ykdY
ae&ygonf/ xkdokdYjzihfyef;wkdifukdtm;oGefcGefpkduf ajy;aeonfESifhtrQpdwfyifyef;
rI'PfukdrcsdrqefYcHpm;&ygonf/ xkdodkYaomemusifjcif;ukd cHpm;ae&aom
tcsdefwGif olYü0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdrcHpm;&[krqkdEkdifyg/ emusifjcif;ukdtrSefwu,f
cHpm;ae&ouJhokdY0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukdvnf;cHpm;ae&ygonf/ c&pf,meftoufwm
wGifvnf;tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;tay:üxm;&Sdaom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;ukd vufrvTwfMu&efpdefac:cJhjcif;jzpf onf/
rjcm;rvyfqkawmif;yXmemjyKMuavmh (i,f 17)
c&pf,meftoufwmü &SifoefavQmufvSrf;&mwGif t[efYtwm;
taESmifht,Sufrsm;MuKH&ygonf/ xkdokdYMuKHawGY&aomtcsdefrsm;wGif 4if;t[efY
twm;? taESmifht,Sufrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;\vufawmfütyfESHMu&rnf/
taMumif;t&mtajctaersm; cufcJMuyfwnf;vmí oihf&JU0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf
vnf;arS;rSdefaysmufuG,fpjyKaeNyDqkdvQif xkdjyóemrsm;ukduREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
xrf;ykd;ay;oGm;rnf[k xkdocifuuwday;xm;onf/ xkdokdYqkawmif;yXmem
jyKonfESifhtrQ ocifbk&m;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdOD;aqmifíESpfodrfhay;&if;vrf;jy
oGm;ygonf/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ aumif;BuD;rsm;okdxm;&m
b@mwkdufawmfrsm;onfyGifh[vmNyD; uREkfyfwkdY\a&SUwGif&Sdaeaomwm0efrsm;
twGuftm;opfrsm;ukd oGef;avmif;ay;ygonf/
t&m&müaus;Zl;wifMuavmh (i,f 18)
uREkfyfwkdY\jyóemtcuftcJrsm;ukd ocifbk&m;txHü qkawmif;jcif;
tm;jzihfomtyfESHxm;zkdYr[kwfyg/ xdkokdYaomjyóemtcuftcJrsm;xJüyif
« 82 »« 81 »
ouf
ooooo
bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;Mu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifukdr,kHMunf? rukd;pm;
EkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfppfrSefaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhaus;Zl;wifwwfjcif;ukd
cHpm;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf olvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ü
&nf&G,fcsufwpfck tjrJ&Sdaeonf[laomtcsufukd oifvufcHaomtcgüom
aus;Zl;wifwwfvmrnf/ aus;Zl;wifwwfjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfjcif;
wdkYonfqufpyfaeMuonf/olwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifurdrd\r[m tMuH
tpnfrsm;ukd txajrmufjynfhpkHvmap&eftwGuf t&mtm;vkH; ukdtokH;jyK
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf[k odrSwf&if; om,macsmarGYaeaomtcsdefüjzpfap? cufcJMuyf
wnf;aomtcsdefüjzpfap bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifwwf&ef oif,l&rnfht
aMumif;&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwdkYudkpdefac:cJhonf/
0dnmOfawmf\t&SdefukdrNidrf;apESifh (i,f 19)
0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukdrNidrf;apMuzkdY &Sifaygvkuoufom avmedwf,kHMunf
olwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfolwkdYtv,fü
tvkyfvkyfaeygonf/ toif;awmftwGif;ü &ifhusifjcif;ESifhBuD;xGm;wkd;wuf
vmjcif;udkjzpfay:vmap&eftwGuf0dnmOfawmfonf olwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&
aom emusifrIESifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;udk tokH;jyKaeygonf/ okdYaomf0dnmOf
awmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd [efYwm;ckcH&efrSmvnf; jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpf
onf/
0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIukd enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifhuREkfyfwkdY
ckcH[efYwm;Ekdifonf/ emcHrIr&Sdjcif;jzihfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdifonf/ 4;1-7
wGif &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;ukdemcHjcif;jzifh
&SifoefMu&efpdefac:xm;onf/ xkdYtjyif uREkfyfwkdYavQmufvSrf;&mvrf;aMumif;
ay:okdY 0dnmOfawmfrSaqmif,lvmaomt&mrsm;ukd vufrcHjcif;jzihfvnf; xkd
0dnmOfawmfukdckcH[efYwm;Ekdifygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
ukdppfaMumoefYpif&eftwGuf emusifjcif;ESifh'ku©qif;&Jjcif;rsm;ukdcGifhjyKcJhonf/
þonfrSmoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmftay:ü bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfaecJh
aomt&mjzpfonf(1 ouf? 3;2-4 ukdMunfhyg)/ okdYaomfvnf; ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay:ü uREkfyfwkdYrausreyf
nnf;wGm;Muygonf/ aus;Zl;rwifwwfjcif;? ,kHMunfukd;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;tm;
jzihfvnf; bk&m;0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd uREfkyfwkdYNidrf;apEkdifygonf/ xkdYtjyif0dnmOf
awmf\OD;aqmifjcif;ESifh vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukdr&SmMuHbJ/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifOmPf
pGrf;tm;ukd rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;jzifhvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd Nidrf;apEkdifMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\tv,fü 0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIukd uREkfyfwkdYvkd
tyfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ rnfonfhta&;ygt&m
a&mufaomtrIrQ jynfhpkHtxajrmufrnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf0dnmOfawmf\
rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdBudKqkdí xkd0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ü qufuyf
tyfESHaomvlrsKd; rsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ 0dnmOfawmfukd0rf;enfapí 0dnmOfawmf\
rD;ukdNidrf;apjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifaerIrsm;ukd [efYwm;aESmifh,Suf
aejcif;yifjzpfonf/
ya&mzufjyKjcif;ukdrxDrJhjrifrrSwfMuESifh (i,f 20)
ya&mufzufjyKjcif;ukdrxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukdwjcm;
wenf;jzihfNidrf;apjcif;yifjzpfonf/ ya&mzufwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrStem*wåd
« 84 »« 83 »
ouf
ooooo
bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;Mu&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifukdr,kHMunf? rukd;pm;
EkdifvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfppfrSefaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhaus;Zl;wifwwfjcif;ukd
cHpm;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf olvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mrsm;ü
&nf&G,fcsufwpfck tjrJ&Sdaeonf[laomtcsufukd oifvufcHaomtcgüom
aus;Zl;wifwwfvmrnf/ aus;Zl;wifwwfjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfjcif;
wdkYonfqufpyfaeMuonf/olwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifurdrd\r[m tMuH
tpnfrsm;ukd txajrmufjynfhpkHvmap&eftwGuf t&mtm;vkH; ukdtokH;jyK
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf[k odrSwf&if; om,macsmarGYaeaomtcsdefüjzpfap? cufcJMuyf
wnf;aomtcsdefüjzpfap bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifwwf&ef oif,l&rnfht
aMumif;&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwdkYudkpdefac:cJhonf/
0dnmOfawmf\t&SdefukdrNidrf;apESifh (i,f 19)
0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukdrNidrf;apMuzkdY &Sifaygvkuoufom avmedwf,kHMunf
olwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfolwkdYtv,fü
tvkyfvkyfaeygonf/ toif;awmftwGif;ü &ifhusifjcif;ESifhBuD;xGm;wkd;wuf
vmjcif;udkjzpfay:vmap&eftwGuf0dnmOfawmfonf olwkdY&ifqkdifawGYMuKHae&
aom emusifrIESifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;udk tokH;jyKaeygonf/ okdYaomf0dnmOf
awmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd [efYwm;ckcH&efrSmvnf; jzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpf
onf/
0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIukd enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifhuREkfyfwkdY
ckcH[efYwm;Ekdifonf/ emcHrIr&Sdjcif;jzihfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYjyKvkyfEkdifonf/ 4;1-7
wGif &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifbk&m;ukdemcHjcif;jzifh
&SifoefMu&efpdefac:xm;onf/ xkdYtjyif uREkfyfwkdYavQmufvSrf;&mvrf;aMumif;
ay:okdY 0dnmOfawmfrSaqmif,lvmaomt&mrsm;ukd vufrcHjcif;jzihfvnf; xkd
0dnmOfawmfukdckcH[efYwm;Ekdifygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
ukdppfaMumoefYpif&eftwGuf emusifjcif;ESifh'ku©qif;&Jjcif;rsm;ukdcGifhjyKcJhonf/
þonfrSmoufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmftay:ü bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfaecJh
aomt&mjzpfonf(1 ouf? 3;2-4 ukdMunfhyg)/ okdYaomfvnf; ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomtcsdefwGif bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay:ü uREkfyfwkdYrausreyf
nnf;wGm;Muygonf/ aus;Zl;rwifwwfjcif;? ,kHMunfukd;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;tm;
jzihfvnf; bk&m;0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd uREfkyfwkdYNidrf;apEkdifygonf/ xkdYtjyif0dnmOf
awmf\OD;aqmifjcif;ESifh vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukdr&SmMuHbJ/ uREkfyfwkdY\ukd,fykdifOmPf
pGrf;tm;ukd rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;jzifhvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd Nidrf;apEkdifMuygonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\tv,fü 0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIukd uREkfyfwkdYvkd
tyfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ rnfonfhta&;ygt&m
a&mufaomtrIrQ jynfhpkHtxajrmufrnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdYonf0dnmOfawmf\
rsufarSmufjyKjcif;ukdBudKqkdí xkd0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyOD;aqmifjcif;ü qufuyf
tyfESHaomvlrsKd; rsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ 0dnmOfawmfukd0rf;enfapí 0dnmOfawmf\
rD;ukdNidrf;apjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifaerIrsm;ukd [efYwm;aESmifh,Suf
aejcif;yifjzpfonf/
ya&mzufjyKjcif;ukdrxDrJhjrifrrSwfMuESifh (i,f 20)
ya&mufzufjyKjcif;ukdrxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukdwjcm;
wenf;jzihfNidrf;apjcif;yifjzpfonf/ ya&mzufwkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrStem*wåd
« 84 »« 83 »
ouf
ooooo
pum;rsm;ukdaqmif,lvmí bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm;txHü ajymMum;aomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ xkdywf0ef;usifa'owGif rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;vnf; vIyf&Sm;
aecJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh wpfcgwpf&HwGifya&mzufwkdY\ ajymMum;csufrsm;ukd
twnfjyK&efrSmrvG,fulcJhyg/ þtaMumif;aMumifhyif &Sifaygvkuoufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; cyfodrf;aomt&mukdpkHprf;í aumif;aomt&mukd
tjrJukdifpGJMuNyD; raumif;aomt&mrsm;ukd a&SmifMuOfMu&ef ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf
(i,f 21)/ tem*wådpum;rsm;ukdpkHprf;jcif;rjyKbJ r,kHMunfoihfyg/ okdYaomf
toif;awmfonf ya&mzufwkdY\trIawmfukd ayghayghwefwefr,lqoifhyg/ olwkdY
onfxkdtem*wådpum;rsm;ukdBudKqkdí bk&m;ocifukdol\tapcHrsm;tm;jzifh
4if;wkYdtxHütrSm;jyifqifjcif;twGuf4if;? aumif;BuD;r*FvmtwGuf4if;?
cGeftm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;jcif;twGuf4if; ajymqkdrdefYMum;ay;Mu&rnfjzpf
onf/
tqkH;owfaumif;csD;ay;jcif;
&Sifaygvkonf þMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd toif;awmftm;aumif;BuD;
ay;jcif;jzifh tqkH;owfxm;onf/ Nidrfoufjcif;\ t&Sifbk&m;ocifonf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;tukeftpif oefY&Sif;apawmfrlrnfh
taMumif; rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(23)wGif
owdjyKEkdifonf/ oefY&Sif;apawmfrljcif;qkdonfrSm oefY&Sif;aomtrIwm0ef
twGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/ þonfrSm oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdY\ toufwmü &SifaygvkjzpfapvkdcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom tMuHtpnftwGuf oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;&efudk &SifaygvkvkdcsifcJhonf/
þpmapmifüolwkdYtwGufvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd &Sifaygvk uay;xm;aomfvnf;
olwkdY\toufrsm;ykdíykdí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmifvkyf aqmifay;jcif;trIrSm
bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\ tvkyfjzpfaMumif;ukdolodaecJhonf/
olwkdYonfcE¨m? pdwf? 0dnmOfokH;yg;vkH;ü tjypfuif;pGm&SdaeMu&ef &Sif
aygvkqE´&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYtm; ]]tukeftpif}} oefY&Sif;ap&efukdvnf; vkdcsif
cJhonf/ þt&mrSm b0wpfavQmufvkH;vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnfht&mjzpfonf/
,kHMunfol wkdYukdvnf; ocifbk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif qufvufí
wkd;yGm;Mu&efvnf; &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;onf xkdokdYaom
tajctaeüolwkdYukd rdrdwzefjyefvnf<uqif;vmonfhtcsdeftxd tjynfh
t0apmifha&Smufay;xm;EkdifaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(24)wGif &SifaygvkuolwkdYukd
today;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f(25-28)txdwGif &SifaygvkurdrdwkdY(wrefawmfwkdY)twGuf
qkawmif;ay;&ef oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdawmif;cH&if; tqkH;owf
ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ tcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; oefY&Sif;aomterf;jzihfEIwfqufí
þpmapmifukdnDtpfukdtaygif;wkdYtxHü zwf½Iay;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkuawmif;
qkdcJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\tay:ü bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;aomolwkdYukd rnfonfh
enf;rsm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYrav;rpm;vkyfEkdifMuoenf;/ þtcsif;t&mü
oiftjypf&SdcJhzl;ygvm;/
« 86 »« 85 »
ouf
ooooo
pum;rsm;ukdaqmif,lvmí bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm;txHü ajymMum;aomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ xkdywf0ef;usifa'owGif rSm;,Gif;aomya&mzufrsm;vnf; vIyf&Sm;
aecJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh wpfcgwpf&HwGifya&mzufwkdY\ ajymMum;csufrsm;ukd
twnfjyK&efrSmrvG,fulcJhyg/ þtaMumif;aMumifhyif &Sifaygvkuoufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; cyfodrf;aomt&mukdpkHprf;í aumif;aomt&mukd
tjrJukdifpGJMuNyD; raumif;aomt&mrsm;ukd a&SmifMuOfMu&ef ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf
(i,f 21)/ tem*wådpum;rsm;ukdpkHprf;jcif;rjyKbJ r,kHMunfoihfyg/ okdYaomf
toif;awmfonf ya&mzufwkdY\trIawmfukd ayghayghwefwefr,lqoifhyg/ olwkdY
onfxkdtem*wådpum;rsm;ukdBudKqkdí bk&m;ocifukdol\tapcHrsm;tm;jzifh
4if;wkYdtxHütrSm;jyifqifjcif;twGuf4if;? aumif;BuD;r*FvmtwGuf4if;?
cGeftm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;jcif;twGuf4if; ajymqkdrdefYMum;ay;Mu&rnfjzpf
onf/
tqkH;owfaumif;csD;ay;jcif;
&Sifaygvkonf þMo0g'pmyxrapmifukd toif;awmftm;aumif;BuD;
ay;jcif;jzifh tqkH;owfxm;onf/ Nidrfoufjcif;\ t&Sifbk&m;ocifonf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;tukeftpif oefY&Sif;apawmfrlrnfh
taMumif; rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(23)wGif
owdjyKEkdifonf/ oefY&Sif;apawmfrljcif;qkdonfrSm oefY&Sif;aomtrIwm0ef
twGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/ þonfrSm oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdY\ toufwmü &SifaygvkjzpfapvkdcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom tMuHtpnftwGuf oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolrsm;ukd oD;oefYcGJjcm;xm;&efudk &SifaygvkvkdcsifcJhonf/
þpmapmifüolwkdYtwGufvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd &Sifaygvk uay;xm;aomfvnf;
olwkdY\toufrsm;ykdíykdí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmifvkyf aqmifay;jcif;trIrSm
bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\ tvkyfjzpfaMumif;ukdolodaecJhonf/
olwkdYonfcE¨m? pdwf? 0dnmOfokH;yg;vkH;ü tjypfuif;pGm&SdaeMu&ef &Sif
aygvkqE´&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYtm; ]]tukeftpif}} oefY&Sif;ap&efukdvnf; vkdcsif
cJhonf/ þt&mrSm b0wpfavQmufvkH;vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnfht&mjzpfonf/
,kHMunfol wkdYukdvnf; ocifbk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif qufvufí
wkd;yGm;Mu&efvnf; &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;onf xkdokdYaom
tajctaeüolwkdYukd rdrdwzefjyefvnf<uqif;vmonfhtcsdeftxd tjynfh
t0apmifha&Smufay;xm;EkdifaMumif;ukd tcef;i,f(24)wGif &SifaygvkuolwkdYukd
today;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f(25-28)txdwGif &SifaygvkurdrdwkdY(wrefawmfwkdY)twGuf
qkawmif;ay;&ef oufomavmedwf ,kHMunfolwkdYukdawmif;cH&if; tqkH;owf
ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ tcsif;csif;wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; oefY&Sif;aomterf;jzihfEIwfqufí
þpmapmifukdnDtpfukdtaygif;wkdYtxHü zwf½Iay;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkuawmif;
qkdcJhonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\tay:ü bk&m;ocifucGJcefYxm;aomolwkdYukd rnfonfh
enf;rsm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYrav;rpm;vkyfEkdifMuoenf;/ þtcsif;t&mü
oiftjypf&SdcJhzl;ygvm;/
« 86 »« 85 »
ouf
ooooo
oifonfwpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh t&mtm;vkH;üpdwfoabmxm;jcif;
rwkdufqkdifcJhvQifawmif xkdolESifhoiftwifhtoifh aexkdifEkdifygovm;/
tcsnf;tESD;aexkdifjcif;onf rnfonfhenf;jzihftjypfjzpfEkdifoenf;?
oifonftcsnftESD;aexkdifzl;ygovm;? oifh&JUtcsdefem&Drsm;ukdykdí
vdr®myg;eyfpGmjzihf bk&m;ocifuoifhukd rnfokdYtokH;jyKapvkdygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd rMuifremoif
wkefYjyefzl;ygovm;/ xkdokdYaomtajctaersKd;wGif oifrnfokdYwkefYjyef
oifhcJhoenf;/
cufcJaomtajctaersm;wGif 0rf;ajrmufae&rSmjzpfEkdifygovm;?
oihf&JU0rf;ajrmufjcif;\ t&if;tjrpfum;tb,ft&menf;/
0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYNidrf;apEkdifMuoenf;? þtcsif;
t&mü oiftjypf&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifu oifh&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfOD;OD;ukdtokH;jyKí oifhtm;
ajymMum;cJhaompum;rsm;ukd ckcHjiif;qefcJhzl;ygovm;? þtaMumif;
t&mESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufonf oifhtm;rnfokdYaompdefac:csuf
rsKd;ukday;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&efcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;ukd rav;rpm;jyKcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifESifhtjrifcsif;rwlaomolrsm;ESifh twlwuGvIyf&Sm; vkyfaqmifEkdif&ef
twGuf4if; olwkdYukdcspfEkdif&eftwGuf4if; omíBuD;rm;aomaus;Zl;awmf
tm; oifhukday;oem;zkdY bk&m;ocif xHawmfü qkawmif;yg/
þoDwif;ywfü oifawGYqkH&rnfhvlrsm;ESifhqufqH&mü MuifMuifemem
qufqHEkdif&ef oifhukdulnDrpzkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUb0vrf;aMumif;ay:ü aqmif,lvmaomppfaMumjcif;rsm;twGuf
bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þppfaMumjcif;rsm;üoihftm;
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukday;zkdYvnf; qkawmif;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd ykdíawGYjrifvufcHEkdif&ef oifh&JU
ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd þxufruzGifh[ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
« 88 »« 87 »
ouf
ooooo
oifonfwpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh t&mtm;vkH;üpdwfoabmxm;jcif;
rwkdufqkdifcJhvQifawmif xkdolESifhoiftwifhtoifh aexkdifEkdifygovm;/
tcsnf;tESD;aexkdifjcif;onf rnfonfhenf;jzihftjypfjzpfEkdifoenf;?
oifonftcsnftESD;aexkdifzl;ygovm;? oifh&JUtcsdefem&Drsm;ukdykdí
vdr®myg;eyfpGmjzihf bk&m;ocifuoifhukd rnfokdYtokH;jyKapvkdygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmfüwnfaom nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd rMuifremoif
wkefYjyefzl;ygovm;/ xkdokdYaomtajctaersKd;wGif oifrnfokdYwkefYjyef
oifhcJhoenf;/
cufcJaomtajctaersm;wGif 0rf;ajrmufae&rSmjzpfEkdifygovm;?
oihf&JU0rf;ajrmufjcif;\ t&if;tjrpfum;tb,ft&menf;/
0dnmOfawmf\rD;ukd uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYNidrf;apEkdifMuoenf;? þtcsif;
t&mü oiftjypf&SdcJhzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifu oifh&JUnDtpfukdarmifESrwpfOD;OD;ukdtokH;jyKí oifhtm;
ajymMum;cJhaompum;rsm;ukd ckcHjiif;qefcJhzl;ygovm;? þtaMumif;
t&mESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufonf oifhtm;rnfokdYaompdefac:csuf
rsKd;ukday;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&efcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;ukd rav;rpm;jyKcJhaomtcsdefrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifESifhtjrifcsif;rwlaomolrsm;ESifh twlwuGvIyf&Sm; vkyfaqmifEkdif&ef
twGuf4if; olwkdYukdcspfEkdif&eftwGuf4if; omíBuD;rm;aomaus;Zl;awmf
tm; oifhukday;oem;zkdY bk&m;ocif xHawmfü qkawmif;yg/
þoDwif;ywfü oifawGYqkH&rnfhvlrsm;ESifhqufqH&mü MuifMuifemem
qufqHEkdif&ef oifhukdulnDrpzkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifh&JUb0vrf;aMumif;ay:ü aqmif,lvmaomppfaMumjcif;rsm;twGuf
bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ þppfaMumjcif;rsm;üoihftm;
0rf;ajrmufjcif;ukday;zkdYvnf; qkawmif;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd ykdíawGYjrifvufcHEkdif&ef oifh&JU
ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd þxufruzGifh[ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
« 88 »« 87 »
ouf
ooooo
9
a&mufvmrnfhpdwfoufomp&mtaMumif;
2 ouf 1;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þonfrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;txHokdY ay;ykdYcJhaom
&Sifaygvk\ 'kwd,pmapmifjzpfonf/ yxrpmapmifwGif þ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
ocifbk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif BuD;xGmwkd;wufvmMu&ef &Sifaygvkupdefac:
cJhonf/ olwkdYonfþtcsdeftcgwGif qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomf
vnf; ocifa,½IonfolwkdYukdrdrdESifhtwl xm0&aexkdifoGm;&efaqmif,loGm;
zkdYjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufa&mufvmawmhrnfhtMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukdtoday;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf&Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdtav;teuf
xm;cJhMuaMumif;ukd yxrtcef;BuD;üuREkfyfwkdYawGY&onf/
&Sifaygvkonf þpmapmifukdaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;jzifhtpjyKxm;onf/
ocifa,½Ic&pfESifh tbbk&m;ocifxHrS aus;Zl;awmfESifhNidrfoufjcif;onf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtay:ü &Sdaernfhta&;rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
jzpfonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm bk&m;ociftxHrS rxkdufrwefbJ&&Sdaom
rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ þrsufESmomay;rIomr&SdcJhvQif uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfh
ae&mukda&mufí rnfokdYrsm;jzpfaeMuygrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;onfh
tqihfukduREkfyfwkdYrrSDEkdifMuyg/ u½kPmawmfjrwfü ocifbk&m;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd
cGifhvTwfawmfrlNyD; rdrdESifhrdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;okdY uREkfyfwkdYukdjyefvnfykdYaqmifawmfrl
onf/ aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfocifbk&m;\cGifhvTwfjcif;? aus;Zl;awmf
ESifhu½kPmawmftopfukdvkdtyfvsuf&SdMuonf/ ol\aus;Zl;awmfonftwkdif;
tqrJhaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYutb,frQtxd aus;Zl;wifzkdYvkdtyfygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\Nidrfoufjcif;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tzkdY
txl;vkdtyfaeygonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½IukdtaMumif;cHí qif;&Jjcif;'ku©
ukd&ifqkdifaeMu&onf/ &efolrsm;ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf&Sdaeonfh xkdokdYaomtcsdef
tcgrsKd;wGifpdwfaomursm;a&mufí ollwkdYemusifrI'ku©rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&csdefü
bk&m;ocifb,frSma&mufaeovJ[laom ar;cGef;rsm;ukdar;vm&efrSmtvGef
vG,fulvSygonf/ olwkdY'ku©a&mufonfhtcsdeftcgwGif olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü4if;?
toufwmü4if; bk&m;ocif\tHhzG,f Nidrfoufjcif;ukd&&SdcHpm;Mu&efrSm &Sifaygvk
\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/ xkdNidrfoufjcif;onfpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;ü olwkdYukduG,fum
apmifha&Smufygvdrfhrnf/
yxrtBudrfa&;ykdYcJhaomMo0g'pmapmifü a&;om;cJhonfhtwkdif;
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;aMumifh rdrd
qkawmif;csufrsm;wGif bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;aMumif; jyefvnftoday;
cJhonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;rSmvnf; omíomíwkd;yGm;vmcJhonf/ olwkdYonf
,kHMunfjcif;üomwkd;yGm;vmMuonfr[kwf? wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;cspfjcif;wGifvnf;wkd;
yGm;aecJhMuonf/ 1 ouf 4;10 wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavm edwf,HkMunfolwkdY
tm;cspfjcif;arwåmüqufvufí wkd;yGm;Mu&efwkdufwGef;cJhonf/ þ'kwd,
pmapmifukda&;om;&mwGifvnf; xkdtcsif;t&mukdolwkdYvkyfaqmifaeMu
aMumif;ukdod&Sd&aomaMumifh &SifaygvkrSmcGeftm;opfrsm;&&SdcJhonf/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifaeMu&vifhupm; þ,kHMunfolwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif wkd;yGm;&if;&ifhusufvmcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\
« 90 »
ouf
ooooo
9
a&mufvmrnfhpdwfoufomp&mtaMumif;
2 ouf 1;1-12 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þonfrSm oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;txHokdY ay;ykdYcJhaom
&Sifaygvk\ 'kwd,pmapmifjzpfonf/ yxrpmapmifwGif þ,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
ocifbk&m;ESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif BuD;xGmwkd;wufvmMu&ef &Sifaygvkupdefac:
cJhonf/ olwkdYonfþtcsdeftcgwGif qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomf
vnf; ocifa,½IonfolwkdYukdrdrdESifhtwl xm0&aexkdifoGm;&efaqmif,loGm;
zkdYjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufa&mufvmawmhrnfhtMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku
olwkdYukdtoday;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf&Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdtav;teuf
xm;cJhMuaMumif;ukd yxrtcef;BuD;üuREkfyfwkdYawGY&onf/
&Sifaygvkonf þpmapmifukdaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;jzifhtpjyKxm;onf/
ocifa,½Ic&pfESifh tbbk&m;ocifxHrS aus;Zl;awmfESifhNidrfoufjcif;onf
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtay:ü &Sdaernfhta&;rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
jzpfonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm bk&m;ociftxHrS rxkdufrwefbJ&&Sdaom
rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ þrsufESmomay;rIomr&SdcJhvQif uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfh
ae&mukda&mufí rnfokdYrsm;jzpfaeMuygrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;onfh
tqihfukduREkfyfwkdYrrSDEkdifMuyg/ u½kPmawmfjrwfü ocifbk&m;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd
cGifhvTwfawmfrlNyD; rdrdESifhrdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;okdY uREkfyfwkdYukdjyefvnfykdYaqmifawmfrl
onf/ aeY&ufpOfwkdif;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfocifbk&m;\cGifhvTwfjcif;? aus;Zl;awmf
ESifhu½kPmawmftopfukdvkdtyfvsuf&SdMuonf/ ol\aus;Zl;awmfonftwkdif;
tqrJhaomaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYutb,frQtxd aus;Zl;wifzkdYvkdtyfygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\Nidrfoufjcif;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;tzkdY
txl;vkdtyfaeygonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½IukdtaMumif;cHí qif;&Jjcif;'ku©
ukd&ifqkdifaeMu&onf/ &efolrsm;ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf&Sdaeonfh xkdokdYaomtcsdef
tcgrsKd;wGifpdwfaomursm;a&mufí ollwkdYemusifrI'ku©rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&csdefü
bk&m;ocifb,frSma&mufaeovJ[laom ar;cGef;rsm;ukdar;vm&efrSmtvGef
vG,fulvSygonf/ olwkdY'ku©a&mufonfhtcsdeftcgwGif olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü4if;?
toufwmü4if; bk&m;ocif\tHhzG,f Nidrfoufjcif;ukd&&SdcHpm;Mu&efrSm &Sifaygvk
\pdwfqE´jzpfonf/ xkdNidrfoufjcif;onfpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;ü olwkdYukduG,fum
apmifha&Smufygvdrfhrnf/
yxrtBudrfa&;ykdYcJhaomMo0g'pmapmifü a&;om;cJhonfhtwkdif;
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\,kHMunfjcif;aMumifh rdrd
qkawmif;csufrsm;wGif bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;aMumif; jyefvnftoday;
cJhonf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;rSmvnf; omíomíwkd;yGm;vmcJhonf/ olwkdYonf
,kHMunfjcif;üomwkd;yGm;vmMuonfr[kwf? wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;cspfjcif;wGifvnf;wkd;
yGm;aecJhMuonf/ 1 ouf 4;10 wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavm edwf,HkMunfolwkdY
tm;cspfjcif;arwåmüqufvufí wkd;yGm;Mu&efwkdufwGef;cJhonf/ þ'kwd,
pmapmifukda&;om;&mwGifvnf; xkdtcsif;t&mukdolwkdYvkyfaqmifaeMu
aMumif;ukdod&Sd&aomaMumifh &SifaygvkrSmcGeftm;opfrsm;&&SdcJhonf/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifaeMu&vifhupm; þ,kHMunfolwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD;qufEG,frIwGif wkd;yGm;&if;&ifhusufvmcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\
« 90 »
ouf
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wnfMunfjcif;ukd &Sifaygvkurdrd trIawmfaqmifaeaomtoif;awmf rsm;ü
*kPf,l0ifh<um;pGmajymcJhonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tBuD;rm;qkH;aomwkd;wuf
&ifhusifrIonf pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&JcufcJrIrsm;tm;jzihf a&muf&Sdvm
wwfonf/ þpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\OD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;ukd bk&m;
ocif\tMuHtpnfrsm;ESifhukdufnDvmatmif ulnDay;MurnfhoabmrsKd;ukd
ykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ okdYaomf rsm;aomtm;jzifhuREkfyfwkdYonf &ifqkdifae&aom
pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;rSajy;a&SmifvkdMuonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;üwkd;yGm;&ifhusufvm
atmifulnDrpay;zkdYqkawmif;aeMuvifhupm; cufcJjcif;vu©Pmtao;i,f
qkH;ukd yifa&Smif&Sm;íajy;xGufcJhMuonf/ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIESifh emusif
cufcJrIrsm;rygyJ c&pfawmfü&ifhusufjcif;t&mukdra&mufEkdifyg/
tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwkdYtm;
4if;wkdY\wnfMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd rSefuefonfht&m
tjzpfoufaojycJhaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ wenf;tmjzihfqkd&vQif olwkdY&ifqkdif
jzwfoef;ae&aom pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\tMuHtpnf
rsm;ukd jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapaecJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifu
&ifqkdifjzwfoef;apcJhaomt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdifwG,fajz&Sif;Ekdifonfxuf
ykdaeygonf[k tHhMocJh&aomtcsdefrsm;r&SdcJhbl;ygovm;/ &Sifaygvkuoufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifonfolvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mukd
twdtus odaeaMumif;ukdjyefvnf today;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYcHEkdifonfxufykdí
bk&m; ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdxrf;aprnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;
&aom emusifjcif;ESifh pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;onf uREkfyfwkdY\
aumif;usKd;twGufjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocif\pD&ifcsufrsm;onf
ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYpdwfcsí&onf/
þtoif;awmfonf bk&m;ocifucGifhjyKxm;cJhaompkHprf;ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;tm;jzifh ,kHMunfjcif;ü&ifhusufvmMuonf/
oHowåKrsm;tm; rD;awmuf&J&Jü ppfaMumoefYpifouJhokdY þpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;
rsm;tm;jzifholwkdYukdprf;oyfí ppfaMumcH&NyD; tqkH;wGifvnf;olwkdYonfbk&m;
ocif\EkdifiHawmfESifh xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpfodkY twnfjyKjcif;ukdcHMu&rnf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm; &ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomemusif
jcif;'ku©ukd rjrifEkdifavmufatmifrsufpdruef;yg/ rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd þuJhokdY
aomemusifjcif;'ku©ukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;apaomfvnf; þom;orD;rsm;ukd qif;&J
'ku©MuKHawGYapaomolwkdYukdvnf; olwkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;csufukd
jyefvnfawmif;qkdoGm;ygrnf (i,f 6 ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYukd
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©wGif;rS tjrJwrf;awmhuG,fumay;rnfr[kwfyg/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;xkdokYdaomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd awGYMuKHMuzkdYa&G;cs,f
cJhNyD; uREkfyfwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;ü wkd;wuf&ifhusufvmMuzkdY xkdqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;
ukdtokH;jyKcJhygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYtm; 'ku©ay;aom
olrsm;udk 4if;wkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;csufay;&ef jyefvnfqifhac:rnfh
aeY&ufa&mufvmygrnf/
tcsdefwefvQif bk&m;ocifonfpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;rS oufomjcif;ukd
aqmif,lvmygvdrfhrnf/ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf tjrJwrf;twGufr[kwfyg/ ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uvmcsdefwGifxkdt&mrsm;vnf;tqkH;owfoGm;ygrnf/ ocifa,½I
onfrdrd\pGrf;tm;&Sifaumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifhtwl rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;tm;jzihf
« 92 »« 91 »
ouf
ooooo
wnfMunfjcif;ukd &Sifaygvkurdrd trIawmfaqmifaeaomtoif;awmf rsm;ü
*kPf,l0ifh<um;pGmajymcJhonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tBuD;rm;qkH;aomwkd;wuf
&ifhusifrIonf pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&JcufcJrIrsm;tm;jzihf a&muf&Sdvm
wwfonf/ þpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;onf uREkfyfwkdY\OD;pm;ay;t&mrsm;ukd bk&m;
ocif\tMuHtpnfrsm;ESifhukdufnDvmatmif ulnDay;MurnfhoabmrsKd;ukd
ykdifqkdifxm;Muonf/ okdYaomf rsm;aomtm;jzifhuREkfyfwkdYonf &ifqkdifae&aom
pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;rSajy;a&SmifvkdMuonf/ ,kHMunfjcif;üwkd;yGm;&ifhusufvm
atmifulnDrpay;zkdYqkawmif;aeMuvifhupm; cufcJjcif;vu©Pmtao;i,f
qkH;ukd yifa&Smif&Sm;íajy;xGufcJhMuonf/ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIESifh emusif
cufcJrIrsm;rygyJ c&pfawmfü&ifhusufjcif;t&mukdra&mufEkdifyg/
tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf ,HkMunfolwkdYtm;
4if;wkdY\wnfMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;ukd rSefuefonfht&m
tjzpfoufaojycJhaMumif;ukdajymjycJhonf/ wenf;tmjzihfqkd&vQif olwkdY&ifqkdif
jzwfoef;ae&aom pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\tMuHtpnf
rsm;ukd jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapaecJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toufwmü bk&m;ocifu
&ifqkdifjzwfoef;apcJhaomt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYukdifwG,fajz&Sif;Ekdifonfxuf
ykdaeygonf[k tHhMocJh&aomtcsdefrsm;r&SdcJhbl;ygovm;/ &Sifaygvkuoufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifonfolvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mukd
twdtus odaeaMumif;ukdjyefvnf today;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYcHEkdifonfxufykdí
bk&m; ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdxrf;aprnfr[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;
&aom emusifjcif;ESifh pkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;onf uREkfyfwkdY\
aumif;usKd;twGufjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;ocif\pD&ifcsufrsm;onf
ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaMumif; uREkfyfwkdYpdwfcsí&onf/
þtoif;awmfonf bk&m;ocifucGifhjyKxm;cJhaompkHprf;ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ESifh qif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;tm;jzifh ,kHMunfjcif;ü&ifhusufvmMuonf/
oHowåKrsm;tm; rD;awmuf&J&Jü ppfaMumoefYpifouJhokdY þpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;
rsm;tm;jzifholwkdYukdprf;oyfí ppfaMumcH&NyD; tqkH;wGifvnf;olwkdYonfbk&m;
ocif\EkdifiHawmfESifh xkdufwefaomolrsm;tjzpfodkY twnfjyKjcif;ukdcHMu&rnf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm; &ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomemusif
jcif;'ku©ukd rjrifEkdifavmufatmifrsufpdruef;yg/ rdrd\om;orD;rsm;ukd þuJhokdY
aomemusifjcif;'ku©ukd &ifqkdifjzwfoef;apaomfvnf; þom;orD;rsm;ukd qif;&J
'ku©MuKHawGYapaomolwkdYukdvnf; olwkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;csufukd
jyefvnfawmif;qkdoGm;ygrnf (i,f 6 ukdMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYukd
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©wGif;rS tjrJwrf;awmhuG,fumay;rnfr[kwfyg/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;xkdokYdaomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd awGYMuKHMuzkdYa&G;cs,f
cJhNyD; uREkfyfwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;ü wkd;wuf&ifhusufvmMuzkdY xkdqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;
ukdtokH;jyKcJhygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vlrsKd;wkdYtm; 'ku©ay;aom
olrsm;udk 4if;wkdY\vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;csufay;&ef jyefvnfqifhac:rnfh
aeY&ufa&mufvmygrnf/
tcsdefwefvQif bk&m;ocifonfpkHprf;ppfaMumjcif;rsm;rS oufomjcif;ukd
aqmif,lvmygvdrfhrnf/ qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf tjrJwrf;twGufr[kwfyg/ ocif
a,½Ijyefvnf<uvmcsdefwGifxkdt&mrsm;vnf;tqkH;owfoGm;ygrnf/ ocifa,½I
onfrdrd\pGrf;tm;&Sifaumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifhtwl rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;tm;jzihf
« 92 »« 91 »
ouf
ooooo
txuf tmumoaumif;uifrS<uqif;vmygrnf(i,f 7)/ þusrf;ykd'fü
&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;aom rD;awmufrD;vQHrSmbk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;rD;
awmufrD;vQHyifjzpfonf/ xkdaeYwGifbk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwkdYtwGufjynfh0
pkHvifaomNidrfoufcsrf;omjcif;ukdaqmif,lvmí pmwefESifhol\taygif;tyg
0dnmOfqkd;rsm;ukd tqkH;owftEkdif,loGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ aojcif;ESifhtjypf'kp½kdufukd
atmifEkdifí ,kHMunfolwkdYonf t<uif;rJhatmifjrifjcif;ü pHpm;cJhMuygvdrhfrnf/
xkdYaMumifh oufomjcif;onf bk&m;ocifjyefvnfqif;<uvmcsdefwGif a&muf&Sdvm
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvuf&Sd &ifqkdifae&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf
rysufapoifhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonfyef;wkdifukda&S;½Ií pkHprf;ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ukd,kHMunfrItjynfhESifh&ifqkdifMu&rnf/ tcuftcJrsm;rSmBuD;rm;aernf
jzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdrnfhqkvm'frSm 4if;wkdYxufomíBuD;jrwfygonf/
ocifa,½IESifhywfoufqufEG,faomolrsm;txHü BuD;rm;aom
arQmfvifh taMumif;&Sdonf/ ,ckt0wGifrsm;pGmaom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©trsKd;rsKd;
ukdcHpm;Mu vifhupm; olwkdY\emusifjcif;'ku©rsm; aysmufuif;oufom&m&Murnfh
bk&m; ocif\rsufarSmufü xm0&pHpm;&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufolwkdYü
&Sdaeonf/ okdYaomf þt&monfr,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/ om;awmf
ocifa,½Iukd vnf;rod? owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdvnf; remcHaom
olwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifu'PfcwfpD&ifawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku
tcef;i,f(8)wGifazmfjyxm;onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tzkdY BuD;rm;aom
arQmfvifhcsuf&SdaecsdefwGif owif;aumif; w&m;awmftm;jiif;y,faomolrsm;
üum; 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ESifhtjypfay;jcif;om&Sdaeonf/ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd jiif;y,faomolrsm;tm; xm0&'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;jzihf pD&if
awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmf jyxm;onf/
þpD&ifjcif;rSvGwfajrmufzkdYvrf;r&Sdyg/ olwkdYtm;'PfcwfpD&ifjcif; onf
xm0&wnfrnfhpD&ifjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdolwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmawmf
ESifh4if;? wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfESifh4if; uGmíaeMu&rnfhtaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/
bk&m;ocif\ rsufESmawmfwGifuGmíae&onfh toufwmonfrnfuJhokdYrnf
jzpfenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf w&m;ojzihfpD&ifawmfrlaomoljzpfaomfvnf;olonf
cspfjcif;arwåm? *½kPmw&m;ESifh aumif;jrwfjynfhpkHaomolvnf;jzpfonf/
þavmutm; bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKxm;jcif;u raumif;rI
'kp½kdufwefckd;tmPmwkdYukdqD;wm;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifurdrd\rsufESmawmf
(rsufarSmufjyKjcif;)ESifh wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfwkdYukd þavmurS½kyfodrf;oGm;ygu
þurÇmBuD;ürnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfysufMurnfenf;/ þraumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdYukd
qD;wm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;omr&SdvQif a'go? &r®uf?
remvkdjcif;ESifhcg;oD;rIrsm;uom þavmuukdpkd;rkd;xm;um avmuBuD;wpfckvkH;
0dnmOfa&;&m arSmifrkdufjcif;xJodkYxkd;usepf0ifoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdif;uvnf;
rdrfdwkdYZmwdoabm\ tmoDo&Sdonfhtwkdif;vkyfaqmif&SifoefMurnf/ xkdYaMumifh
bk&m;ocifu raumif;rI'kp½kdufwefckd;tmPmwkdYukd rqD;wm;xm;vQify&rf;
ywmtajctaersm;uomvQif þavmuukdpkd;rkd;aernfhtaMumif;om uREkfyfwkdY
arQmfvifhíEkdifMuonf/ ,aeYuREkfyfwkdYaexkdif&murÇmBuD;ü raumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdY\
taxmuftxm;rsm;ukdawGYjrifae&aomfvnf; 4if;wkdYrSm bk&m;ocif\qD;wm;
jcif;ukdcH&aom vlqkd;wkdY vkyfEkdifaomt&mrsm;\ wpfpdwfwpfykdif;omjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifuomrqD;wm;vQif þxuftqaygif;rsm;pGmqkd;0g;rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifhxm0&uGmíxm;cH&aomolwkdYESifh twlwuG&Sifoefaexkdif&efrSm
« 94 »« 93 »
ouf
ooooo
txuf tmumoaumif;uifrS<uqif;vmygrnf(i,f 7)/ þusrf;ykd'fü
&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;aom rD;awmufrD;vQHrSmbk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;rD;
awmufrD;vQHyifjzpfonf/ xkdaeYwGifbk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwkdYtwGufjynfh0
pkHvifaomNidrfoufcsrf;omjcif;ukdaqmif,lvmí pmwefESifhol\taygif;tyg
0dnmOfqkd;rsm;ukd tqkH;owftEkdif,loGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ aojcif;ESifhtjypf'kp½kdufukd
atmifEkdifí ,kHMunfolwkdYonf t<uif;rJhatmifjrifjcif;ü pHpm;cJhMuygvdrhfrnf/
xkdYaMumifh oufomjcif;onf bk&m;ocifjyefvnfqif;<uvmcsdefwGif a&muf&Sdvm
ygvdrfhrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYvuf&Sd &ifqkdifae&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf
rysufapoifhyg/ xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; uREkfyfwkdYonfyef;wkdifukda&S;½Ií pkHprf;ppfaMum
jcif;rsm;ukd,kHMunfrItjynfhESifh&ifqkdifMu&rnf/ tcuftcJrsm;rSmBuD;rm;aernf
jzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdY&&Sdrnfhqkvm'frSm 4if;wkdYxufomíBuD;jrwfygonf/
ocifa,½IESifhywfoufqufEG,faomolrsm;txHü BuD;rm;aom
arQmfvifh taMumif;&Sdonf/ ,ckt0wGifrsm;pGmaom qif;&Jjcif;'ku©trsKd;rsKd;
ukdcHpm;Mu vifhupm; olwkdY\emusifjcif;'ku©rsm; aysmufuif;oufom&m&Murnfh
bk&m; ocif\rsufarSmufü xm0&pHpm;&rnf[laom arQmfvifhcsufolwkdYü
&Sdaeonf/ okdYaomf þt&monfr,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf r[kwfyg/ om;awmf
ocifa,½Iukd vnf;rod? owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdvnf; remcHaom
olwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifu'PfcwfpD&ifawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku
tcef;i,f(8)wGifazmfjyxm;onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tzkdY BuD;rm;aom
arQmfvifhcsuf&SdaecsdefwGif owif;aumif; w&m;awmftm;jiif;y,faomolrsm;
üum; 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ESifhtjypfay;jcif;om&Sdaeonf/ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd jiif;y,faomolrsm;tm; xm0&'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;jzihf pD&if
awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmf jyxm;onf/
þpD&ifjcif;rSvGwfajrmufzkdYvrf;r&Sdyg/ olwkdYtm;'PfcwfpD&ifjcif; onf
xm0&wnfrnfhpD&ifjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdolwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmawmf
ESifh4if;? wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfESifh4if; uGmíaeMu&rnfhtaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/
bk&m;ocif\ rsufESmawmfwGifuGmíae&onfh toufwmonfrnfuJhokdYrnf
jzpfenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf w&m;ojzihfpD&ifawmfrlaomoljzpfaomfvnf;olonf
cspfjcif;arwåm? *½kPmw&m;ESifh aumif;jrwfjynfhpkHaomolvnf;jzpfonf/
þavmutm; bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKxm;jcif;u raumif;rI
'kp½kdufwefckd;tmPmwkdYukdqD;wm;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocifurdrd\rsufESmawmf
(rsufarSmufjyKjcif;)ESifh wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfwkdYukd þavmurS½kyfodrf;oGm;ygu
þurÇmBuD;ürnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfysufMurnfenf;/ þraumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdYukd
qD;wm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufjyKjcif;omr&SdvQif a'go? &r®uf?
remvkdjcif;ESifhcg;oD;rIrsm;uom þavmuukdpkd;rkd;xm;um avmuBuD;wpfckvkH;
0dnmOfa&;&m arSmifrkdufjcif;xJodkYxkd;usepf0ifoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ olwkdif;uvnf;
rdrfdwkdYZmwdoabm\ tmoDo&Sdonfhtwkdif;vkyfaqmif&SifoefMurnf/ xkdYaMumifh
bk&m;ocifu raumif;rI'kp½kdufwefckd;tmPmwkdYukd rqD;wm;xm;vQify&rf;
ywmtajctaersm;uomvQif þavmuukdpkd;rkd;aernfhtaMumif;om uREkfyfwkdY
arQmfvifhíEkdifMuonf/ ,aeYuREkfyfwkdYaexkdif&murÇmBuD;ü raumif;rI'kp½kdufwkdY\
taxmuftxm;rsm;ukdawGYjrifae&aomfvnf; 4if;wkdYrSm bk&m;ocif\qD;wm;
jcif;ukdcH&aom vlqkd;wkdY vkyfEkdifaomt&mrsm;\ wpfpdwfwpfykdif;omjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifuomrqD;wm;vQif þxuftqaygif;rsm;pGmqkd;0g;rnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifhxm0&uGmíxm;cH&aomolwkdYESifh twlwuG&Sifoefaexkdif&efrSm
« 94 »« 93 »
ouf
ooooo
aysmf&Tifp&maumif;rnfhtjzpfawmhr[kwfyg/ rdrdwdkY\'kp½kdufESvkH;om;rsm;ESifh
pdwfqE´rsm;\tvkdtwkdif; aexkdifMuaomolrsm;ESifhjynfhaeonfh urÇmBuD;wpfck
taMumif;ukdpdwful;,OfMunfhyg/ xkdtcsif;t&monf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmawmf
ESifh4if;? wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfESifh4if; xm0&uGmíxm;cH&aomtjzpfESifh
twlwlyifjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;ukdcspfcifpkHrufaomolwkdYtzkdYrSmrl txufygt&mESifhtawmf
yifjcm;em;ygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnfqif;<uvmcsdefwGif olonfr,kHMunf
olwkdY\tv,fübkef;awmfxif&Sm;í tHhMocsD;rGrf;jcif;ukdcH&rnfjzpfonf/ xkdaeY
onfrnfokdYaomaeYjzpfrnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpdwful;jzihfom,Of
MunfhEkdifrnf/ ocifa,½Iukdzl;jrif&aomolwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\toHrsm;ukdjr§ifhí
csD;rGrf;&if;aus;Zl; Oyum&wifMuayrnf/ rsufarSmufawmfü tHhMorif
oufvsuf&SdaeMurnf/ olwkdY\oufomjcif;t&monf ,cka&mufvmygNyD/
emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J'ku© t00rSmtqkH;owfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdY\&efolwkdYrSm
pD&ifjcif;ukdcH&ítrSefw&m;omatmifyGJcHygvdrhfrnf/
ocifc&pfawmfukdtaMumif;cHí qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeMu
aomoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;oHrSm
ac:awmfrljcif;ESifhxkdufwefpGm usihfMuHaomolrsm;tjzpf bk&m;ociftodtrSwf
jyKay;&efyifjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkd&vQif vkHYvxkwfítywfwukwfBudK;pm;
&Sifoef&eftwGuf vkdtyfaompdwf"mwfcGeftm;rsm;ukday;jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif
uolwkdYukdtqkH;txd aqmifroGm;&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihfocif c&pfawmfjyef
vnf<uqif;vmaomaeY&ufwGif 4if;wkdY\t&SufuGJenf;p&mtaMumif;wpfckrS
r&Sd&avatmif olwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomtcuftcJrsm;ukd qufvufí
&ifqkdifausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;ygvdrhfrnf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;aMumifh
xGufay:vmaom vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckpDukd4if; jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapEkdifMu&ef
wefckd;awmfonf olwkdYüjynfhaernfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f(11)wGif
qkawmif;ay;xm;onf/ þvkyfqmifcsufrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfuaphaqmfí
jzpfay:vmaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vlwkdYukdOD;aqmif
vrf;jyvkdonf/ oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYonf bk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdYtm;
ay;oem;vkdaomt&mrsm;ukd vufcH&,lzkdYESvkH;wHcg;rsm;ukdzGifhxm;Murnfh
taMumif;ESifhbk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdY\ESvkH;om;ü apckdif;vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&m
rsm;tay:ü emcHjcif;&SdMurnfhtaMumif;rSm &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufyifjzpf
onf/
oufomavmedwftoif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom tcuf
tcJtwm;tqD;rsm;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukdrrIbJ ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhemcHjcif;ü
qufvufíwkd;yGm;jcif;jzihftoif;awmfü bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu
&efqkawmif;ay;jcif;jzihf &Sifaygvkued*kH;csKyfxm;onf/ oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;\emrawmfjrwfü toD;tyGifhrsm;ukdoD;yGifhjcif;
tm;jzihf4if;? &efol\wdkufckdufjcif;ukdMuHhMuHhcH&ifqkdifvsuf ocifbk&m;\trnf
emrawmfukd csD;ajr§mufjcif;jzihf4if; bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfrSm xif&Sm;ygvdrhfrnf/
odkYaomf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; ocifc&pfawmfübkef;xif
&Sm;MurnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkqkawmif;ay;cJhonfukdowdjyKyg/ oufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfukd bkef;xif&Sm;apMu&efjzpfouJhokdY
tjcm;wpfbufwGifvnf;ocifc&pfawmfu olwkdYukdbkef;xif&Sm;ap&efjzpfonf/
« 96 »« 95 »
ouf
ooooo
aysmf&Tifp&maumif;rnfhtjzpfawmhr[kwfyg/ rdrdwdkY\'kp½kdufESvkH;om;rsm;ESifh
pdwfqE´rsm;\tvkdtwkdif; aexkdifMuaomolrsm;ESifhjynfhaeonfh urÇmBuD;wpfck
taMumif;ukdpdwful;,OfMunfhyg/ xkdtcsif;t&monf bk&m;ocif\rsufESmawmf
ESifh4if;? wefckd;&Sdaombkef;awmfESifh4if; xm0&uGmíxm;cH&aomtjzpfESifh
twlwlyifjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;ukdcspfcifpkHrufaomolwkdYtzkdYrSmrl txufygt&mESifhtawmf
yifjcm;em;ygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½Ijyefvnfqif;<uvmcsdefwGif olonfr,kHMunf
olwkdY\tv,fübkef;awmfxif&Sm;í tHhMocsD;rGrf;jcif;ukdcH&rnfjzpfonf/ xkdaeY
onfrnfokdYaomaeYjzpfrnfhtaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYpdwful;jzihfom,Of
MunfhEkdifrnf/ ocifa,½Iukdzl;jrif&aomolwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\toHrsm;ukdjr§ifhí
csD;rGrf;&if;aus;Zl; Oyum&wifMuayrnf/ rsufarSmufawmfü tHhMorif
oufvsuf&SdaeMurnf/ olwkdY\oufomjcif;t&monf ,cka&mufvmygNyD/
emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J'ku© t00rSmtqkH;owfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdY\&efolwkdYrSm
pD&ifjcif;ukdcH&ítrSefw&m;omatmifyGJcHygvdrhfrnf/
ocifc&pfawmfukdtaMumif;cHí qif;&J'ku©ukd&ifqkdifjzwfoef;aeMu
aomoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;oHrSm
ac:awmfrljcif;ESifhxkdufwefpGm usihfMuHaomolrsm;tjzpf bk&m;ociftodtrSwf
jyKay;&efyifjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkd&vQif vkHYvxkwfítywfwukwfBudK;pm;
&Sifoef&eftwGuf vkdtyfaompdwf"mwfcGeftm;rsm;ukday;jcif;jzihf bk&m;ocif
uolwkdYukdtqkH;txd aqmifroGm;&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihfocif c&pfawmfjyef
vnf<uqif;vmaomaeY&ufwGif 4if;wkdY\t&SufuGJenf;p&mtaMumif;wpfckrS
r&Sd&avatmif olwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aomtcuftcJrsm;ukd qufvufí
&ifqkdifausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef pGrf;aqmifay;ygvdrhfrnf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfukd4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;aMumifh
xGufay:vmaom vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckpDukd4if; jznfhqnf;jynfhpkHapEkdifMu&ef
wefckd;awmfonf olwkdYüjynfhaernfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkutcef;i,f(11)wGif
qkawmif;ay;xm;onf/ þvkyfqmifcsufrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfuaphaqmfí
jzpfay:vmaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vlwkdYukdOD;aqmif
vrf;jyvkdonf/ oufomavmedwf,HkMunfolwkdYonf bk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdYtm;
ay;oem;vkdaomt&mrsm;ukd vufcH&,lzkdYESvkH;wHcg;rsm;ukdzGifhxm;Murnfh
taMumif;ESifhbk&m;ocifu 4if;wkdY\ESvkH;om;ü apckdif;vkyfaqmifvkdaomt&m
rsm;tay:ü emcHjcif;&SdMurnfhtaMumif;rSm &Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufyifjzpf
onf/
oufomavmedwftoif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY&ifqkdifae&aom tcuf
tcJtwm;tqD;rsm;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukdrrIbJ ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhemcHjcif;ü
qufvufíwkd;yGm;jcif;jzihftoif;awmfü bk&m;ocifukdbkef;awmfxif&Sm;apMu
&efqkawmif;ay;jcif;jzihf &Sifaygvkued*kH;csKyfxm;onf/ oufomavmedwf
,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifbk&m;\emrawmfjrwfü toD;tyGifhrsm;ukdoD;yGifhjcif;
tm;jzihf4if;? &efol\wdkufckdufjcif;ukdMuHhMuHhcH&ifqkdifvsuf ocifbk&m;\trnf
emrawmfukd csD;ajr§mufjcif;jzihf4if; bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfrSm xif&Sm;ygvdrhfrnf/
odkYaomf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; ocifc&pfawmfübkef;xif
&Sm;MurnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkqkawmif;ay;cJhonfukdowdjyKyg/ oufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfukd bkef;xif&Sm;apMu&efjzpfouJhokdY
tjcm;wpfbufwGifvnf;ocifc&pfawmfu olwkdYukdbkef;xif&Sm;ap&efjzpfonf/
« 96 »« 95 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½Ionfoifhukd bkef;xif&Sm;apcsifonfhtjzpfukd oiftHhMordygovm;/
bkef;xif&Sm;apjcif;qkdonfrSm csD;jrS§ifhajr§mufpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ocif
a,½IuREkfyfwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufpm;rnfh aeY&uftcga&mufvmygawmhrnf/ xkdaeY&uf
wGifopöm&SdaomtapcHjcif;trItwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdqkvmbfrsm;ukdcsD;jr§ihfygvdrhf
rnf/ xkdtcgwGif bkef;awmfESifhjynfhaomukd,fcE¨mopfukd uREkfyfwkdY&&SdMurnf
jzpfNyD; aojcif;vnf;r&Sd? tjypfw&m;\xkESufjcif;ukdvnf; cHMu&rnfr[kwf
awmhyg/ þokdYjzifh ocifa,½IonfuREkfyfwkdYukd*kPfjyKygvdrhfrnf/
þb0wGif ajrmufjrm;pGmaomqif;&Jjcif;ESifh emusifjcif;rsm;ukduREkfyfwkdY
&ifqkdifMu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½IESifh olay;xm;aom*wd
awmfrsm;ukd ESvkH;oGif;ítm½kHxm;&SifoefMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
tm;oufom&m&jcif;tcGifhukday;zkdY&eftwGuf4if;? w&m;rQwaompD&ifjcif;ukd
þavmuüaqmif,lvm&eftwGuff4if; qif;<uvmygvdrhfrnf/ ,ckvuf&Sd
tcsdefwGifuREkfyfwkdYodxm;Mu&rnfhtcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;zkdY umvtckduftwefYwpfcktxd cGifhjyKae
ygaomfvnf; xkdqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifurdrd\tMuHtpnfrsm;
txajrmufjynfhpkHvmzkdY tokH;jyKoGm;rnfqkdonfhtcsufyifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonfuREkfwkdYukd arhavsmhxm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toufwmü&ifqkdifawGYMuKHzkdY cGifhjyKcJhaomtajctaersm;ü bk&m;ocif
\pD&ifcsufukd oifar;cGef;xkwfcJhzl;ygovm;? &Sif;jyay;yg/
emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfoifhukdrnfonfh
oifcef;pmrsm; oGefoifay;cJhygoenf;/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt& c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESifhvGwfuif;
aomtoufwmukd &&Sd&SifoefzkdYarQmfvifhoifhygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfukdjiif;y,faomolrsm;\ aemufqkH;oGm;&mvrf;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í rnfonfht&mukduREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmftm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYübkef;xif&Sm;jcif;qkdonfrSmtb,f
enf;/ þbkef;xif&Sm;jcif;onf a&muf&SdvmrnfhuyfurÇmopfwGif
jynfhpkHvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf;,ckvuf&Sdb0wGif bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf
ukdjrnf;prf;cHpm;&rnfhoabmw&m;rsKd;&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
&efolwkdYrSuREkfyfwkdYtay:ü jyKvkyfusL;vGefMuaom t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdoGefoifay;zkdYESifh uREkfyfwkdYukdtxHyg;okdY
qGJaqmif&eftokH;jyKEkdifaom aMumifhbk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifonfoihftm;emusifjcif;'ku©tm;jzihf oGefoifay;csifae
aomoifcef;pmrsm;ukd oGefoifay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;ukdvufrcHao;aomol wpfa,mufa,muftwGufqk
awmif;ay;zkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þusrf;csufü bk&m;ocifu
azmfjyxm;aom aMumuf&GHUzG,fw&m;pD&ifjcif;rS xkdolwkdYukdcsefvSyfxm;
ay;zdkYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 98 »« 97 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½Ionfoifhukd bkef;xif&Sm;apcsifonfhtjzpfukd oiftHhMordygovm;/
bkef;xif&Sm;apjcif;qkdonfrSm csD;jrS§ifhajr§mufpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ocif
a,½IuREkfyfwkdYukdcsD;ajr§mufpm;rnfh aeY&uftcga&mufvmygawmhrnf/ xkdaeY&uf
wGifopöm&SdaomtapcHjcif;trItwGuf uREkfyfwkdYukdqkvmbfrsm;ukdcsD;jr§ihfygvdrhf
rnf/ xkdtcgwGif bkef;awmfESifhjynfhaomukd,fcE¨mopfukd uREkfyfwkdY&&SdMurnf
jzpfNyD; aojcif;vnf;r&Sd? tjypfw&m;\xkESufjcif;ukdvnf; cHMu&rnfr[kwf
awmhyg/ þokdYjzifh ocifa,½IonfuREkfyfwkdYukd*kPfjyKygvdrhfrnf/
þb0wGif ajrmufjrm;pGmaomqif;&Jjcif;ESifh emusifjcif;rsm;ukduREkfyfwkdY
&ifqkdifMu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonfocifa,½IESifh olay;xm;aom*wd
awmfrsm;ukd ESvkH;oGif;ítm½kHxm;&SifoefMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY
tm;oufom&m&jcif;tcGifhukday;zkdY&eftwGuf4if;? w&m;rQwaompD&ifjcif;ukd
þavmuüaqmif,lvm&eftwGuff4if; qif;<uvmygvdrhfrnf/ ,ckvuf&Sd
tcsdefwGifuREkfyfwkdYodxm;Mu&rnfhtcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;zkdY umvtckduftwefYwpfcktxd cGifhjyKae
ygaomfvnf; xkdqif;&Jjcif;'ku©rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifurdrd\tMuHtpnfrsm;
txajrmufjynfhpkHvmzkdY tokH;jyKoGm;rnfqkdonfhtcsufyifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonfuREkfwkdYukd arhavsmhxm;cJhrnfr[kwfyg/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toufwmü&ifqkdifawGYMuKHzkdY cGifhjyKcJhaomtajctaersm;ü bk&m;ocif
\pD&ifcsufukd oifar;cGef;xkwfcJhzl;ygovm;? &Sif;jyay;yg/
emusifjcif;ESifhqif;&J'ku©rsm;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfoifhukdrnfonfh
oifcef;pmrsm; oGefoifay;cJhygoenf;/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt& c&pf,mefwpfOD;onf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ESifhvGwfuif;
aomtoufwmukd &&Sd&SifoefzkdYarQmfvifhoifhygovm;/
ocifc&pfawmfukdjiif;y,faomolrsm;\ aemufqkH;oGm;&mvrf;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í rnfonfht&mukduREkfyfwkdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
ocifc&pfawmftm;jzifh uREkfyfwkdYübkef;xif&Sm;jcif;qkdonfrSmtb,f
enf;/ þbkef;xif&Sm;jcif;onf a&muf&SdvmrnfhuyfurÇmopfwGif
jynfhpkHvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf;,ckvuf&Sdb0wGif bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf
ukdjrnf;prf;cHpm;&rnfhoabmw&m;rsKd;&Sdygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
&efolwkdYrSuREkfyfwkdYtay:ü jyKvkyfusL;vGefMuaom t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukdoGefoifay;zkdYESifh uREkfyfwkdYukdtxHyg;okdY
qGJaqmif&eftokH;jyKEkdifaom aMumifhbk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocifonfoihftm;emusifjcif;'ku©tm;jzihf oGefoifay;csifae
aomoifcef;pmrsm;ukd oGefoifay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;ukdvufrcHao;aomol wpfa,mufa,muftwGufqk
awmif;ay;zkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ þusrf;csufü bk&m;ocifu
azmfjyxm;aom aMumuf&GHUzG,fw&m;pD&ifjcif;rS xkdolwkdYukdcsefvSyfxm;
ay;zdkYbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 98 »« 97 »
ouf
ooooo
10
w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl
2 ouf 2;1-17 ukdzwf&Iyg/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfonf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
rnfhtcsdefukd txl;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh
tcsdefukdpdwftm;xufoefpGm arQmfvifhapmifhpm;aecJhMuonf/ okdYaomf ocif
a,½I'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;taMumif;udk ½IyfaxG;oHo,yGm;ap
onfhrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm; olwkdYtv,fü&SdaecJh[ef&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumihfþjyó
emukdajz&Sif;&ef &SifaygvkrSmaphaqmfjcif;ukdcH&onf/
tcef;i,f(1ESifh 2)wGif oufomavmedwfNrdKUa'ow0kdufwGif wrefawmf
rsm;txHrS[kajymprSwfjyKMuonfh (pmapmifwpfapmiftoGifjzihfjzpfEkdifacs&Sd
aom) tem*wådpum;wpfcktqifhqifhysHUESHYvnfywfaeNyD; xkdtem*wådpmapmif
wGif ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufrSm a&muf&SdcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/ þtcsif;
t&mESifhpyfvsOf;í rnfolYwGifwm0ef&Sdonfukdrl twdtusazmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
okdYaomfvnf; xkdtem*wådpum;onf wrefawmfrsm;xHrS r[kwfaMumif;rSm
txl;xif&Sm;aeonf/ vlwpfcsKdUurdrdwkdY\ t,ltqrsm;udk xif&Sm;aMumfMum;
vmatmifvkyfaqmifzkdY wrefawmfwkdY\trnfukd vufwvkH;jcm;tokH;jyKcJh[ef&Sd
onf/
ocifbk&m;\aeY&uf a&muf&SdvmcJhNyDjzpfonf[laom t,ltqonf
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm; ukdpdwfESvkH;ylyefapcJhonf/
txl;ojzihf xkdtem*wådpum;rSmwrefawmfrsm;xHrSjzpfonf[laom tcsuf
onf olwkdYukdykdíyifylyefaomua&mufapcJhonf/ pmwefonf bk&m;ocif
\vlrsKd;rsm; or®mw&m;rSuif;uGmzkdYqkdvQif rnfonfht&mukdrqkdvkyfzkdY0efav;
aernfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm; or®mw&m;rSuif;uGmzkdYqkdvQif vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; tokH;jyKygvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYMum;&orQ
aomt&mrsm;ukd aoaocsmcsm prf;ppfzkdYtvGefvdktyfygonf/
xdktem*wådpmapmifu toif;awmftm;rnfrQ ylyifaomua&mufapcJh
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdYpdwful;MunfhEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif jyefvnf<uqif;vmonfh
tjzpfukdolYwkdYvGJacsmfcJhMuNyDvm;/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlwkdYukdjiif;y,fí
csefvSyfxm;cJhavovm;/ rnfokdYpOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&rnfudk olwkdYra&r&m
jzpfaecJhonf/
xkdjyóemukdruG,fraxmifhajz&Sif;zkdY &Sifaygvk þpmapmifukda&; om;cJh
& onf/ olwkdYukdylyifaomua&mufapompmapmifonf wrefawmfrsm;xHr
Sr[kwfí xdkpmapmifESifhywfoufNyD; pkd;&drfylyefzkdYrvkdaMumif; &Sifaygvk
utckdiftrmqkdcJh onf/ tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuykefuefazmufjyef
oif;cGJjcif;trIBuD;jzpfay:í'kp½kdufvlwnf;[laom ysufpD;jcif;\om;
ray:xGufrDocifbk&m;qif;<uvmrnfr[kwfaMumif;qkdxm;onf/
þtaMumif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYtao;pdwf ykdíavhvmprf;ppfzkdYvkdonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
qif;rvmrDwGif xl;jcm;aomtjzpftysufrsm; jzpfysufcJhrnfhtaMumif;ukdajymjy
xm;onf/ yxrOD;pGmykefuefazmufjyef oif;cGJjcif;umvwpfckþurÇmay:ü
ay:aygufvmrnf/ 'kwd,taejzihf ]]w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl}} ay:xGufvmrnf/
« 100 »
ouf
ooooo
10
w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl
2 ouf 2;1-17 ukdzwf&Iyg/
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd toif;awmfonf ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
rnfhtcsdefukd txl;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh
tcsdefukdpdwftm;xufoefpGm arQmfvifhapmifhpm;aecJhMuonf/ okdYaomf ocif
a,½I'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;taMumif;udk ½IyfaxG;oHo,yGm;ap
onfhrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm; olwkdYtv,fü&SdaecJh[ef&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumihfþjyó
emukdajz&Sif;&ef &SifaygvkrSmaphaqmfjcif;ukdcH&onf/
tcef;i,f(1ESifh 2)wGif oufomavmedwfNrdKUa'ow0kdufwGif wrefawmf
rsm;txHrS[kajymprSwfjyKMuonfh (pmapmifwpfapmiftoGifjzihfjzpfEkdifacs&Sd
aom) tem*wådpum;wpfcktqifhqifhysHUESHYvnfywfaeNyD; xkdtem*wådpmapmif
wGif ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufrSm a&muf&SdcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/ þtcsif;
t&mESifhpyfvsOf;í rnfolYwGifwm0ef&Sdonfukdrl twdtusazmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
okdYaomfvnf; xkdtem*wådpum;onf wrefawmfrsm;xHrS r[kwfaMumif;rSm
txl;xif&Sm;aeonf/ vlwpfcsKdUurdrdwkdY\ t,ltqrsm;udk xif&Sm;aMumfMum;
vmatmifvkyfaqmifzkdY wrefawmfwkdY\trnfukd vufwvkH;jcm;tokH;jyKcJh[ef&Sd
onf/
ocifbk&m;\aeY&uf a&muf&SdvmcJhNyDjzpfonf[laom t,ltqonf
oufomavmedwfNrdKU&Sd ,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm; ukdpdwfESvkH;ylyefapcJhonf/
txl;ojzihf xkdtem*wådpum;rSmwrefawmfrsm;xHrSjzpfonf[laom tcsuf
onf olwkdYukdykdíyifylyefaomua&mufapcJhonf/ pmwefonf bk&m;ocif
\vlrsKd;rsm; or®mw&m;rSuif;uGmzkdYqkdvQif rnfonfht&mukdrqkdvkyfzkdY0efav;
aernfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;rsm; or®mw&m;rSuif;uGmzkdYqkdvQif vdrfvnf
vSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; tokH;jyKygvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYMum;&orQ
aomt&mrsm;ukd aoaocsmcsm prf;ppfzkdYtvGefvdktyfygonf/
xdktem*wådpmapmifu toif;awmftm;rnfrQ ylyifaomua&mufapcJh
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdYpdwful;MunfhEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif jyefvnf<uqif;vmonfh
tjzpfukdolYwkdYvGJacsmfcJhMuNyDvm;/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlwkdYukdjiif;y,fí
csefvSyfxm;cJhavovm;/ rnfokdYpOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&rnfudk olwkdYra&r&m
jzpfaecJhonf/
xkdjyóemukdruG,fraxmifhajz&Sif;zkdY &Sifaygvk þpmapmifukda&; om;cJh
& onf/ olwkdYukdylyifaomua&mufapompmapmifonf wrefawmfrsm;xHr
Sr[kwfí xdkpmapmifESifhywfoufNyD; pkd;&drfylyefzkdYrvkdaMumif; &Sifaygvk
utckdiftrmqkdcJh onf/ tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuykefuefazmufjyef
oif;cGJjcif;trIBuD;jzpfay:í'kp½kdufvlwnf;[laom ysufpD;jcif;\om;
ray:xGufrDocifbk&m;qif;<uvmrnfr[kwfaMumif;qkdxm;onf/
þtaMumif;t&mukd uREkfyfwkdYtao;pdwf ykdíavhvmprf;ppfzkdYvkdonf/
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<u
qif;rvmrDwGif xl;jcm;aomtjzpftysufrsm; jzpfysufcJhrnfhtaMumif;ukdajymjy
xm;onf/ yxrOD;pGmykefuefazmufjyef oif;cGJjcif;umvwpfckþurÇmay:ü
ay:aygufvmrnf/ 'kwd,taejzihf ]]w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl}} ay:xGufvmrnf/
« 100 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½Iuvnf; þtaMumif;t&mukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjycJhzl;onf/
aemufqkH;aomaeY&ufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í róJ 24;10-13 &Sdocif a,½I\
oGefoifxm;cHcsufukdem;qifMunfhyg/
xkdumvü trsm;aomolwkdYonf azmufjyefjcif;okdYa&mufí tcsif;csif;
wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muftyfMuvdrhfrnf/ tcsif;csif;rkef;Muvdrhfrnf/
rdpämya&mzuftrsm;wkdYonfay:vmí vltrsm;wkdYukdvSnfhjzm;Muvdrfh
rnf/ rw&m;aomtrIwkdYonfrsm;jym;ojzihf trsm;aomolwkdY\cspfjcif;
arwåmonfacgif;yg;vdrhfrnf/ tMuifolonftqkH;wkdifatmifwnf
Munf\/ xkdolonfu,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufvdrhfrnf/
aemufqkH;aomumvaeY&ufrsm;wGif vltaygif;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifukd
ausmckdif;cJhMurnfjzpfNyD; þurÇmay:wGifBuD;rm;aom qefYusifykefuefrIBuD;wpfck
ay:aygufvmrnf/ &Sifaygvkuvnf; xkdumvwGifxGufay:vmrnfh ]]w&m;rJh
aom'kp½kdufvl}} \taMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ wrefawmfa,m[efuvnf;
1 a,m? 2;18 wGif þw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvlESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjyxm;onfrSm-
csif;om;wkdY? ,ckumvonf aemufqkH;aomumvjzpf\/ c&pfawmf\
&efoltEÅDc&pfay:vmaMumif;ukd oifwkdYMum;&onfhtwkdif; ,ckyif
tEÅDc&pftrsm;&SdMu\/ xkdYaMumifh ,ckumvvnf;aemufqkH;aom
umvjzpfonfukdod&\/
orkdif;wpfavQmufwGif tEÅDc&pftjzpf&SdcJhMuaomyk*¾dKvf tajrmuftjrm;
&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½Iukd&GHUrkef;NyD; toif;awmfukdzsufqD;NzdKcGJ&ef trsKd;rsKd;
BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ xkdtEÅDc&pfyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm þusrf;ykd'fü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
tEÅDc&pfr[kwfcJhMuyg/ þtEÅDc&pfrSm uREkfyfwkdYMuKHawGY&OD;rnfhyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/
&Sifa,m[efu þyk*¾dKvftaMumif;ukd Asm'dwfusrf;üus,fus,fjyefYjyefYa&;om;
xm;onfrSm-
xkdokdYigjrifaomom;&Jonf usm;opfESifhwl\/ ol\ajconf0HajcuJhokdY
jzpf\/ ol\EIwfonfvnf;jcaoFhEIwfuJhokdYjzpf\/ e*g;onfrdrdwefckd;ESifh
rdrdyv’ifukd4if;? BuD;pGmaomtmPmpufukd4if;? om;&Jütyfay;\/
om;&J\OD;acgif;wpfvkH;onf aoatmifuGyfrsufNyD;ouJhokdYjzpfí
aoapaom'Pfcsufonfaysmufvsuf&Sd\/ ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdYonf
om;&JaemufokdYvkdufítHhMoMu\/ xkdom;&JütmPmpufukdtyfay;aome*g;
ukdukd;uG,fMu\/ om;&Jukdvnf;ukd;uG,fí tb,folonfom;&JESifh
wloenf;? tb,folonfolYukdppfNydKifEkdifoenf;[k ajymqkdMu\/ xkd
om;&Jonfvnf;BuD;pGmaompum;ukd4if;? bk&m;ocifukdjypfrSm;aom
pum;ukd4if;? ajymwwfaomEIwfESifhjynfhpkHí av;q,fhESpfvywfvkH;
pD&if&aomtcGifhukd&\/ bk&m;ocifukdjypfrSm;aompum;tm;jzihf
emrawmfESifhwJawmfukd4if;? aumif;uifom;wkdYukd4if; jypfrSm;jcif;iSmEIwf
ukdzGifhxm;\/ oefY&Sif;olwkdYukdppfwkdufíEkdif&aomtcGifhukd&\/ toD;oD;
bmompum;ukdajymaom vlrsKd;EG,fcyfodrf;wkdYukdtkyfpkd;&aomtcGifhukd
vnf;&\/ uGyfrsufaomokd;oli,f\toufpmapmifü urÇmOD;uyif
pm&if;r0ifaom ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdYonf om;&Jukdukd;uG,fMu\
(Asm'dwf 13;2-8)/
w&m;rJhaomþ'kp½kdufom;onf aemufqkH;wGifysufpD;jcif;okdYa&muf
rnfjzpfaomfvnf; toif;awmfay:üBuD;rm;aomjyóemrsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhvdrfh
« 102 »« 101 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½Iuvnf; þtaMumif;t&mukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjycJhzl;onf/
aemufqkH;aomaeY&ufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í róJ 24;10-13 &Sdocif a,½I\
oGefoifxm;cHcsufukdem;qifMunfhyg/
xkdumvü trsm;aomolwkdYonf azmufjyefjcif;okdYa&mufí tcsif;csif;
wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muftyfMuvdrhfrnf/ tcsif;csif;rkef;Muvdrhfrnf/
rdpämya&mzuftrsm;wkdYonfay:vmí vltrsm;wkdYukdvSnfhjzm;Muvdrfh
rnf/ rw&m;aomtrIwkdYonfrsm;jym;ojzihf trsm;aomolwkdY\cspfjcif;
arwåmonfacgif;yg;vdrhfrnf/ tMuifolonftqkH;wkdifatmifwnf
Munf\/ xkdolonfu,fwifjcif;okdYa&mufvdrhfrnf/
aemufqkH;aomumvaeY&ufrsm;wGif vltaygif;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifukd
ausmckdif;cJhMurnfjzpfNyD; þurÇmay:wGifBuD;rm;aom qefYusifykefuefrIBuD;wpfck
ay:aygufvmrnf/ &Sifaygvkuvnf; xkdumvwGifxGufay:vmrnfh ]]w&m;rJh
aom'kp½kdufvl}} \taMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ wrefawmfa,m[efuvnf;
1 a,m? 2;18 wGif þw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvlESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjyxm;onfrSm-
csif;om;wkdY? ,ckumvonf aemufqkH;aomumvjzpf\/ c&pfawmf\
&efoltEÅDc&pfay:vmaMumif;ukd oifwkdYMum;&onfhtwkdif; ,ckyif
tEÅDc&pftrsm;&SdMu\/ xkdYaMumifh ,ckumvvnf;aemufqkH;aom
umvjzpfonfukdod&\/
orkdif;wpfavQmufwGif tEÅDc&pftjzpf&SdcJhMuaomyk*¾dKvf tajrmuftjrm;
&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYonfocifa,½Iukd&GHUrkef;NyD; toif;awmfukdzsufqD;NzdKcGJ&ef trsKd;rsKd;
BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ xkdtEÅDc&pfyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm þusrf;ykd'fü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
tEÅDc&pfr[kwfcJhMuyg/ þtEÅDc&pfrSm uREkfyfwkdYMuKHawGY&OD;rnfhyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/
&Sifa,m[efu þyk*¾dKvftaMumif;ukd Asm'dwfusrf;üus,fus,fjyefYjyefYa&;om;
xm;onfrSm-
xkdokdYigjrifaomom;&Jonf usm;opfESifhwl\/ ol\ajconf0HajcuJhokdY
jzpf\/ ol\EIwfonfvnf;jcaoFhEIwfuJhokdYjzpf\/ e*g;onfrdrdwefckd;ESifh
rdrdyv’ifukd4if;? BuD;pGmaomtmPmpufukd4if;? om;&Jütyfay;\/
om;&J\OD;acgif;wpfvkH;onf aoatmifuGyfrsufNyD;ouJhokdYjzpfí
aoapaom'Pfcsufonfaysmufvsuf&Sd\/ ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdYonf
om;&JaemufokdYvkdufítHhMoMu\/ xkdom;&JütmPmpufukdtyfay;aome*g;
ukdukd;uG,fMu\/ om;&Jukdvnf;ukd;uG,fí tb,folonfom;&JESifh
wloenf;? tb,folonfolYukdppfNydKifEkdifoenf;[k ajymqkdMu\/ xkd
om;&Jonfvnf;BuD;pGmaompum;ukd4if;? bk&m;ocifukdjypfrSm;aom
pum;ukd4if;? ajymwwfaomEIwfESifhjynfhpkHí av;q,fhESpfvywfvkH;
pD&if&aomtcGifhukd&\/ bk&m;ocifukdjypfrSm;aompum;tm;jzihf
emrawmfESifhwJawmfukd4if;? aumif;uifom;wkdYukd4if; jypfrSm;jcif;iSmEIwf
ukdzGifhxm;\/ oefY&Sif;olwkdYukdppfwkdufíEkdif&aomtcGifhukd&\/ toD;oD;
bmompum;ukdajymaom vlrsKd;EG,fcyfodrf;wkdYukdtkyfpkd;&aomtcGifhukd
vnf;&\/ uGyfrsufaomokd;oli,f\toufpmapmifü urÇmOD;uyif
pm&if;r0ifaom ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdYonf om;&Jukdukd;uG,fMu\
(Asm'dwf 13;2-8)/
w&m;rJhaomþ'kp½kdufom;onf aemufqkH;wGifysufpD;jcif;okdYa&muf
rnfjzpfaomfvnf; toif;awmfay:üBuD;rm;aomjyóemrsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhvdrfh
« 102 »« 101 »
ouf
ooooo
rnf/ tcef;i,f(4)wGif xkdyk*¾dKvfonfbk&m;ocifukdqefYusifykefuefí ukd,fhukd
ukd,fbk&m;ocifxufjrifhaomt&yfü csD;ajr§mufcJhrnf[kajymxm;onf/ olonf
vlwkdif;uOD;ñGwfí ukd;uG,fMurnfhtjzpfukdarQmfvifh&if; olYtm;ukd;uG,fMuzkdYukd
jy|mef;ygvdrhfrnf/ bk&m;ocifhvlrsKd;rsm;\ orkdif;&mZ0ifwGifvnf; þenf;vrf;
twkdif;udk,fhukdukd,fowfrSwfcJhMuaom yk*¾dKvfajrmufjrm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ okdYaomf
&Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; ,cifyk*¾dKvfrsm;xufpGrf;aom
tEÅDc&pfwpfyg; xGufay:vmrnfhaeY&ufa&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd today;
xm;ygonf/ þodkYaomftEÅDc&pfyk*¾dKvfav;rsm;u aemufqkH;aomumvcsOf;
uyfvmonfESifhtrQ uREkfwkdYrnfonfht&mrsm;ukd &ifqdkif&zdkY arQmfvifhEkdifaMumif;
tm;ñTefjyaeMuygonf/
avmavmq,fwGif xkd ]]w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl}} onf acwåcPqD;wm;
jcif;ukdcH&onf/ w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl\wefckd;onf þavmuwGif tvkyfvkyf
aecJhNyDjzpfaMumif;rSm rSefuefaomfvnf; tajctaersm;rSm þxufykdíqkd;0g;vm
ygvdrhfrnf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmf þavmuwcGifvkH;okdY ysHUESHYoGm;onfhtcsdef
txdbk&m;ocifonf þw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvlukdqD;wm;xm;ygonf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmfukd Mum;emoifhonfholrsm;tm;vkH;u Mum;emNyD;rSom
aemufqkH;aomumva&muf&SdvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd ocifa,½Iu
oGefoifcJhonf rSm-
vlrsKd;taygif;wkdYtm; oufaojzpfrnfhtaMumif; EkdifiHawmfESifh,SOfaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;udkavmuDEkdifiHt&yf&yf&SdorQwkdYüa[m&vdrhfrnf/ okdYNyD;rS
tqkH;onfjzpfvwHh (róJ 24;14)/
,aeYonfowif;aumif;w&m;ukd MuJjzefYzkdYtcsdefjzpfonf/þumvonf
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd uREkfyfwkdYwkefYjyefMu&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfvlom;wkdYtm;u,fwifjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;jcif;trIüqGJ
aqmifodrf;oGif;&ef þavmuurÇmBuD;wcGifü vIyf&Sm;aeygonf/ 'kp½kdufESifh
w&m;rJhaomol\vkyf&yfrsm;rSm txift&Sm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; ocifc&pfawmfxH
okdYa&muf&Sdvm&ef cGJcefYcHxm;&aomolrsm;u xkdocifukdvufcHí xkdocif\
tjypfvTwfjcif;w&m;ukd odjrifvmMuonftxd xkdol\wefckd;awmfukdbk&m;
ocifuqD;wm;xm;ygonf/
þ'kp½kdufvltm;qD;wm;xm;jcif;ukd bk&m;ocif&yfwefYypfrnfhaeY&uf
a&mufvmygrnf/ pmwefonfoHBudK;jzihfcsnfaESmifjcif;rS vTwfjcif;ukdcH&ygrnf/
olonf þw&m;rJhaomoltm;jzihf vIyf&Sm;ítoif;awmfukdxkd;ESufygvdrhfrnf/
þonfrSmAsm'dwf 20;7-9 \xif&Sm;jywfom;aom oGefoifcsufyifjzpfonf/
xkdESpfwpfaxmifukefNyD;rS pmwefonfaxmifxJu vGwfaomtcGifhukd&í
ta&twGuftm;jzifhork'´&moJvkH;ESifhtrQrsm;aoma*gv rma*g*wnf;
[laom ajrBuD;av;rsufESmay:rSmaeaom vltrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukdvSnfhjzm;tHh
aomiSm4if;? ppfwkdufzkdY&mpka0;jcif;iSm4if;wufvdrhfrnf/ xkdolwkdYonf
ajrBuD;rsufESmay:okdYwufí oefY&Sif;olwkdY\wyfukd4if;? cspfzG,faom
NrdKUawmfukd4if;0kdif;Mu\/
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tvGefqkd;0g;aomt&mrsm; jzpfysufMuygvdrhfrnf/ w&m;rJhjcif;upkd;rkd;rnfh
taMumif;ukduREkfyfwdkYarQmfvifhEdkifygonf/ odkYaomfxdkt&mrSm xm0&
wnfwHhoGm;rnfht&mr[kwfyg/ a,½Ibk&m;onfw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl
ukdrdrd\EIwfxGuf0dnmOfawmftm;jzihfzsufqD;ygvdrhfrnf/
« 104 »« 103 »
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ukd,fbk&m;ocifxufjrifhaomt&yfü csD;ajr§mufcJhrnf[kajymxm;onf/ olonf
vlwkdif;uOD;ñGwfí ukd;uG,fMurnfhtjzpfukdarQmfvifh&if; olYtm;ukd;uG,fMuzkdYukd
jy|mef;ygvdrhfrnf/ bk&m;ocifhvlrsKd;rsm;\ orkdif;&mZ0ifwGifvnf; þenf;vrf;
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tEÅDc&pfwpfyg; xGufay:vmrnfhaeY&ufa&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;ukd today;
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uyfvmonfESifhtrQ uREkfwkdYrnfonfht&mrsm;ukd &ifqdkif&zdkY arQmfvifhEkdifaMumif;
tm;ñTefjyaeMuygonf/
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txdbk&m;ocifonf þw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvlukdqD;wm;xm;ygonf/ owif;
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ocif\0dnmOfawmfonfvlom;wkdYtm;u,fwifjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;jcif;trIüqGJ
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ocifuqD;wm;xm;ygonf/
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xkdESpfwpfaxmifukefNyD;rS pmwefonfaxmifxJu vGwfaomtcGifhukd&í
ta&twGuftm;jzifhork'´&moJvkH;ESifhtrQrsm;aoma*gv rma*g*wnf;
[laom ajrBuD;av;rsufESmay:rSmaeaom vltrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukdvSnfhjzm;tHh
aomiSm4if;? ppfwkdufzkdY&mpka0;jcif;iSm4if;wufvdrhfrnf/ xkdolwkdYonf
ajrBuD;rsufESmay:okdYwufí oefY&Sif;olwkdY\wyfukd4if;? cspfzG,faom
NrdKUawmfukd4if;0kdif;Mu\/
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taMumif;ukduREkfyfwdkYarQmfvifhEdkifygonf/ odkYaomfxdkt&mrSm xm0&
wnfwHhoGm;rnfht&mr[kwfyg/ a,½Ibk&m;onfw&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl
ukdrdrd\EIwfxGuf0dnmOfawmftm;jzihfzsufqD;ygvdrhfrnf/
« 104 »« 103 »
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EkdifpGrf;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ vlrsm;ukdrsm;EkdifvQifrsm;Ekdifoavmuf vSnfhjzm;odrf;oGif;&ef
twGuf4if;? vltrsm;\pdwfESvkH;ü olYtm;aMumuf&GHUap&eftwGuf4if; pmwef
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aMumhuGif;üaMumhrdí ½kef;rxGufEkdifbJjzpfMurnf/ xkdolwkdYonfor®mw&m;ukd
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a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;ü4if;? ol\tHhzG,fedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;ü4if; ,pfrl;aecJh
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&rnfr[kwfyg/
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ukdtcef;i,f(11)wGifowdjyKyg/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYtxHyg;rS ukd,fhukdukd,f½kyf
odrf;vkdufjcif;jzihf þtrIukdjyKvkyfcJhygvdrhfrnf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdckcHMu
aomaMumifh bk&m;ocifonf'kp½kduftm;qD;wm;jcif;ukd &yfwefYypfygrnf/
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ukdjiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzihf þtcsif;t&mukdrdrdwkdYtay:okdY ukd,fwkdifaqmif,lMu
onf/
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ukdbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfuom qD;wm;rxm;vQif ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdYrnf
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MuzkdY bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdpGefYypfxm;cJhvQif ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdY
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wifoifhMuygoenf;/
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olrsm;uJhokdYr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\eufeufeJeJcspfjrwfEkd;jcif;ukdcHpm;
xm;&olrsm;jzpfMuonf (i,f 13)/ vlwkdYonf bk&m;ocifom;orD;rsm;jzpfMuNyD;?
bk&m;ocifuvnf;olwkdYukd *½kpkdufapmihffa&Smufay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
olwkdYukdueOD;uwnf;uyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYcJhNyD;? olwkdYukdvrf;jyuG,fum&eftwGuf
rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukdvnf; olwkdY\txJüxnfhay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf0dnmOfawmf
ESifhEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihfoefYpifjcif; (bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftwGufoD;oefY
« 106 »« 105 »
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þtEÅDc&pfonf BuD;rm;tHhzG,faumif;aom erdwfvu©Pmrsm;ESifhtwl
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EkdifpGrf;&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ vlrsm;ukdrsm;EkdifvQifrsm;Ekdifoavmuf vSnfhjzm;odrf;oGif;&ef
twGuf4if;? vltrsm;\pdwfESvkH;ü olYtm;aMumuf&GHUap&eftwGuf4if; pmwef
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aMumhuGif;üaMumhrdí ½kef;rxGufEkdifbJjzpfMurnf/ xkdolwkdYonfor®mw&m;ukd
rcspfrESpfoufaomaMumifh ysufpD;jcif;okdYa&mufMu&aMumif; &Sifaygvkuouf
omavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYukdajymjyxm;onf/ xkdolwkdYonftEÅDc&pf\jzm;
a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;ü4if;? ol\tHhzG,fedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;ü4if; ,pfrl;aecJh
Muygvdrhfrnf/
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ukdjiif;y,fjcif;tm;jzihf þtcsif;t&mukdrdrdwkdYtay:okdY ukd,fwkdifaqmif,lMu
onf/
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ukdbk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfuom qD;wm;rxm;vQif ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdYrnf
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MuzkdY bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdpGefYypfxm;cJhvQif ,aeYwGifuREkfyfwkdY
rnfonfhae&mwGif&SdaeMuygrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdY
apmifraeykH? rnfokdYuG,fumaeykHukdMunfhvQif uREkfyfwkdYbufrStb,frQaus;Zl;
wifoifhMuygoenf;/
&Sifaygvku þoGefoifrItykdif;ukdtm;ay;pum;rsm;jzifh ed*kH;csKyfxm;yg
onf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifukdausmckdif;cJhMuaom
olrsm;uJhokdYr[kwfyg/ olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\eufeufeJeJcspfjrwfEkd;jcif;ukdcHpm;
xm;&olrsm;jzpfMuonf (i,f 13)/ vlwkdYonf bk&m;ocifom;orD;rsm;jzpfMuNyD;?
bk&m;ocifuvnf;olwkdYukd *½kpkdufapmihffa&Smufay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
olwkdYukdueOD;uwnf;uyif a&G;cs,fcGJcefYcJhNyD;? olwkdYukdvrf;jyuG,fum&eftwGuf
rdrd\0dnmOfawmfukdvnf; olwkdY\txJüxnfhay;cJhonf/ olwkdYonf0dnmOfawmf
ESifhEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihfoefYpifjcif; (bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmftwGufoD;oefY
« 106 »« 105 »
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vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIü4if; txl;rSDckdtm;xm;Muaom vlrsKd;jzpfMuzkdYvkdtyfygonf/
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4if;? ,kHMunfukd;pm;cJhMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm ,cktcsdefüyifolwkdYonf xkdbkef;awmf
ukdrQa0cHpm;aecJhMuNyDjzpfonf/
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jzpfaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf xkdtjzpftysufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
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taxmuftxm;rsm;um; tb,fenf;/
aemufqkH;aomumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESifhtrQ rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpf
ysufvmzkdY uREkfyfwkdYarQmfvifhEkdifaMumif;&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjy
xm;ygoenf;/
þusrf;csufüazmfjyxm;aom ]]w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl}}rSm rnfoljzpf
oenf;? ol\tqkH;owfed*kH;rSm rnfokdYjzpfonf[kor®musrf;pmuqkd
xm;oenf;/
xl;qef;aomwefckd;? edrdwfvu©Pm? tHhzG,faomtrIwkdYonf pmwefxHrS
a&muf&SdvmEkdifygovm;/
« 108 »« 107 »
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cGJcefYxm;jcif;)ukdcHMurnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYukduG,fumvrf;jyzkdYESifh ocifc&pfawmf\
o@mefawmfokdYajymif;vJvmzkdYtwGuf þESpfyg;udkuREkfyfwkdYtm;vnf;ay;
oem;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf uREkfyfwkdYukdwefcdk;tpGrf;rsm;
ay;í OmPfynmtvif;ukdxGef;vif;vmapygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfonfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYukdvrf;jyol? ESpfodrfhay;olESifhoGefoifay;oljzpfygvdrhf
rnf/ aemufqkH;aomaeY&ufumvrsm;ukd csOf;uyfvmMuonfESifhtrQuREkfyfwkdY
onfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if;? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifrIü4if; txl;rSDckdtm;xm;Muaom vlrsKd;jzpfMuzkdYvkdtyfygonf/
&Sifaygvku ol\pmzufolwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmftm;jzihf
ocifa,½Ic&pf\bkef;awmfukdykdifMu&rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifolwkdYukdac:
awmfrlxm;cJhonf[k jyefvnftoday;xm;cJhonf/ þonfrSm bk&m;ocif\
om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonfh tm;avsmfpGmolwkdY&&Sdrnfh b0yef;wkdifyifjzpfonf/
olwkdYonfocifa,½Iukd4if;? olwkdYtoufwmü xkdocif\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd
4if;? ,kHMunfukd;pm;cJhMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm ,cktcsdefüyifolwkdYonf xkdbkef;awmf
ukdrQa0cHpm;aecJhMuNyDjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;rvmrDwGif cufcJaomumvrsm;&Sdvmyg
vdrhfrnf/ w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvlonf þavmuwGif ay:xGufvmygvdrhfrnf/
þavmuwGif ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh cufcJaomab;'PfBuD;rsm;ay:xGufvmrnf
jzpfaomfvnf; ocifa,½Ionf xkdtjzpftysufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif uREkfyfwkdYtwGuf
tHhzG,faumif;aom tMuHtpnfrsm;ukdxm;&Sdxm;ygonf/ &Sifaygvkuoufom
avmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdoGefoifxm;csufukdESvkH;oGif;í xkdoGefoifcsufü
tckdiftrm&SdaeMu&efpdefac:cJhygonf/ tcef;i,f(16-17)&Sd&Sifaygvk\qk
awmif;csufrSm ocifa,½IuolwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd aphaqmfwkdufwGef;&efESifh
apckdif;vkyfapcJhaomtrIrsm;ukdvkyfaqmif&mü cGeftm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;&ef
yifjzpfonf/ olwkdYüarQmfvifhcsufrsm;? &J&ifhjcif;owådrsm;½IH;qkH;oGm;írjzpfyg/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf 4if;wkYd\a'oteD;w0kdufü vnfywf ysHUESHYaeaom
twkta,mifpmapmif\ vSnfhjzm;jcif;ukdrcHoifhyg/ olwkdYonfocifbk&m;jyef
vnf<uqif;vmjcif;ESifh rvGJacsmfcJhyg/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmjcif;
rwkdifrDwGif jzpfysufonfht&mrsm;usef&Sdaeao;onf/ ,ckvuf&SdwGifrl olwkdY
onf0dnmOfawmf\ cGeftm;Avü4if;? EIwfuywfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;aqmifrIü4if;
MuHhMuHhcHaexkdifoGm;&efjzpfonf/ owfrSwfxm;aom tcsdeftcga&mufaomtcg
ocifukd,fawmfukd,fhukdukd,fxif&Sm;í olwkdYrSmvnf;xkdocifESifhtwlxm0&
pHpm;oGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toif;awmfü,aeYawGY&Sd&aom rSm;,Gif;onfhoGefoifcsufrsm;\
taxmuftxm;rsm;um; tb,fenf;/
aemufqkH;aomumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESifhtrQ rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpf
ysufvmzkdY uREkfyfwkdYarQmfvifhEkdifaMumif;&Sifaygvku uREkfyfwkdYtm;ajymjy
xm;ygoenf;/
þusrf;csufüazmfjyxm;aom ]]w&m;rJhaom'kp½kdufvl}}rSm rnfoljzpf
oenf;? ol\tqkH;owfed*kH;rSm rnfokdYjzpfonf[kor®musrf;pmuqkd
xm;oenf;/
xl;qef;aomwefckd;? edrdwfvu©Pm? tHhzG,faomtrIwkdYonf pmwefxHrS
a&muf&SdvmEkdifygovm;/
« 108 »« 107 »
ouf
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bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf ta&;ygykHESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufu
rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;oenf;/ &efol\aoG; aqmifvSnfhjzm;jcif;umv
wGifxkdEIwfuywfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYvrf;jyay;ygrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf þavmuü'kp½kduftrIukd rnfokdYqD;wm;aeonfESifh
pyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht&mukd oif,l&oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
tjypf'kp½kdufESifh 4if;\oufa&mufEkdifpGrf;wkdYukd qD;wm;xm;jcif;jzifh
ocifbk&m;onfoifhukduG,fumapmifhraeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ tjypf'kp½kdufESifhykefuefwwfjcif;wkdYü vJusroGm;atmif
bk&m;ocifuoifhukdrnf okdYuG,fumapmifraeonf[laomtcsufESifh
pyfvsOf;í OyrmwpfckukdpOf;pm;Munfhyg/
oifhtoufwmü bk&m;ocifazmfaqmifvkdaomt&mwpfckckukdazmfjy
ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufzkdYoifh&JU ESvkH;om;rsm;ukdzGifhvkdufyg/
bk&m;ociftxHütyfESHxm;aomt&mukd taumiftxnfazmf
aqmifzkdY0dnmOfawmfukd tcGifhay;vkdufyg/
&efol\rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsuftm;jzihf vSnfhjzm;rcH&zkdY bk&m;ocif
tm;ulnDrpzkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ or®mw&m;xJokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdOD;aqmif
vrf;jyay;aeaomEIwfuywfawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukdykdíykdí oGefoifay;&ef
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 110 »« 109 »
ouf
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bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf ta&;ygykHESifhpyfvsOf;í þusrf;csufu
rnfokdYoGefoifay;xm;oenf;/ &efol\aoG; aqmifvSnfhjzm;jcif;umv
wGifxkdEIwfuywfawmfu uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYvrf;jyay;ygrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocifonf þavmuü'kp½kduftrIukd rnfokdYqD;wm;aeonfESifh
pyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdYrnfonfht&mukd oif,l&oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
tjypf'kp½kdufESifh 4if;\oufa&mufEkdifpGrf;wkdYukd qD;wm;xm;jcif;jzifh
ocifbk&m;onfoifhukduG,fumapmifhraeaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ tjypf'kp½kdufESifhykefuefwwfjcif;wkdYü vJusroGm;atmif
bk&m;ocifuoifhukdrnf okdYuG,fumapmifraeonf[laomtcsufESifh
pyfvsOf;í OyrmwpfckukdpOf;pm;Munfhyg/
oifhtoufwmü bk&m;ocifazmfaqmifvkdaomt&mwpfckckukdazmfjy
ay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufzkdYoifh&JU ESvkH;om;rsm;ukdzGifhvkdufyg/
bk&m;ociftxHütyfESHxm;aomt&mukd taumiftxnfazmf
aqmifzkdY0dnmOfawmfukd tcGifhay;vkdufyg/
&efol\rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsuftm;jzihf vSnfhjzm;rcH&zkdY bk&m;ocif
tm;ulnDrpzkdYawmif;avQmufyg/ or®mw&m;xJokdY uREkfyfwkdYukdOD;aqmif
vrf;jyay;aeaomEIwfuywfawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukdykdíykdí oGefoifay;&ef
bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 110 »« 109 »
ouf
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11
tvkyfrvkyfvkdolrsm;ukdowdxm;yg
2 ouf 3;1-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;ykdYcJhaomþpmapmifukd
&SifaygvktqkH;owfonfhtaejzifh rdrdtwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdY olwkdYukdawmif;qkdcJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkü qkawmif;wifjycsuf wpfcsKdU&SdcJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m; tvsiftjrefysHUESHYrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 1)
&Sifaygvk\yxrqkawmif;wifjycsufrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
w&m;tvsiftjref ysHUESHYrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ þqkawmif;wifjycsufwGif
tvGefta&;BuD;aeaomt"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdaeonf/ EIwfuywfawmfw&m; tvsif
jrefEkdifqHk;aomenf;jzifhysHUESHYoGm;zkdY &SifaygvkrSmaphaqmfwGef;ykdYjcif;cHae&onf/
þtcsif; t&mjzpfysufEkdifzkdY owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd [efYwm;
aESmifh,SufaeMuaom t&mrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;&Sif;vif;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ pmwefu
vnf; &Sifaygvka[majymrI rsm;ukd twwfEkdifqkH;[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufaeonf/
xkdt[efYtwm;taESmifh t,Sufrsm;NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;zkdY &Sifaygvku
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; qkawmif;ay;zkdY yefMum;xm;cJhonf/ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd vltrsm;tjym;txHü jzpfEkdifvQifjzpfEkdifoavmuf MuefYMumrI
r&SdbJa[mMum;&ef &SifaygvktwGuf tvGefta&;BuD;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m; bkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdrnfhtaMumif; (i,
f f
f f
f
1)
&Sifaygvk\'kwd,qkawmif;wifjycsufrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
w&m;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYwGifjyefYESHYí bkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdcJhouJh
okdY tjcm;Mum;&aomolrsm;üvnf;jyefYEHSYíbkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdrnfhtaMumif;yif
jzpfonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfESifhtwl olwkdYtxHokdY &SifaygvkyxrtBudrf
a&muf&SdvmcJhpOfu olwkdYonfw&m;awmfukd,kHMunfvufcHcJhMuNyD; olwkdY\
toufwmrsm;ukd ocifa,½ItxHü tyfESHxm;cJhMuonf/ þenf;twkdif;
rdrda[mMum;aom w&m;awmfukd Mum;em&olrsm;u,kHMunfvufcHrnfhtaMumif;
&Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;&ef yefMum;xm;cJhonf/
qkd;npfaomolwkdYvufrS igwkdYukdu,fvGwfawmfrlrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd rdrda[majymaomaomfvnf;
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;utjynfht0 vufrcHMurnfhtaMumif;ukd odaecJhonf/ ola[m
ajymaeaom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdrESpfoufMuonfh qkd;npfaom
olwkdYu olukdwkdufckdufí temw&jyKMurnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; odaecJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh rdrd\EIwfuywfw&m;awmf a[majymjcif;trIawmfukd wm;qD;aESmifh
,SufvkdaomolwkdYvufrSuG,fumapmifrcH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;Mu&ef
&SifaygvkujyefMum;xm;cJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocifa,½Iukdrkef;wD;aomolwkdY\ twkduftcHjyKjcif;
rsm;ukd&ifqkdifMuzkdY toifhjyifxm;&efvkdtyfonf/ &Sifaygvku EIwfuywfawmf
w&m;a[majym&mwGif rdrdtm;twkduftcHjyK qefYusifMurnfhtaMumif;ukd
« 112 »
ouf
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11
tvkyfrvkyfvkdolrsm;ukdowdxm;yg
2 ouf 3;1-18 ukdzwf½Iyg/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;xHokdY a&;ykdYcJhaomþpmapmifukd
&SifaygvktqkH;owfonfhtaejzifh rdrdtwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdY olwkdYukdawmif;qkdcJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkü qkawmif;wifjycsuf wpfcsKdU&SdcJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m; tvsiftjrefysHUESHYrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 1)
&Sifaygvk\yxrqkawmif;wifjycsufrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
w&m;tvsiftjref ysHUESHYrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ þqkawmif;wifjycsufwGif
tvGefta&;BuD;aeaomt"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdaeonf/ EIwfuywfawmfw&m; tvsif
jrefEkdifqHk;aomenf;jzifhysHUESHYoGm;zkdY &SifaygvkrSmaphaqmfwGef;ykdYjcif;cHae&onf/
þtcsif; t&mjzpfysufEkdifzkdY owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd [efYwm;
aESmifh,SufaeMuaom t&mrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;&Sif;vif;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ pmwefu
vnf; &Sifaygvka[majymrI rsm;ukd twwfEkdifqkH;[efYwm;aESmifh,Sufaeonf/
xkdt[efYtwm;taESmifh t,Sufrsm;NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;zkdY &Sifaygvku
,kHMunfolwkdYtm; qkawmif;ay;zkdY yefMum;xm;cJhonf/ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukd vltrsm;tjym;txHü jzpfEkdifvQifjzpfEkdifoavmuf MuefYMumrI
r&SdbJa[mMum;&ef &SifaygvktwGuf tvGefta&;BuD;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m; bkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdrnfhtaMumif; (i,
f f
f f
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1)
&Sifaygvk\'kwd,qkawmif;wifjycsufrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
w&m;onf oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYwGifjyefYESHYí bkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdcJhouJh
okdY tjcm;Mum;&aomolrsm;üvnf;jyefYEHSYíbkef;xif&Sm;jcif;&SdrnfhtaMumif;yif
jzpfonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfESifhtwl olwkdYtxHokdY &SifaygvkyxrtBudrf
a&muf&SdvmcJhpOfu olwkdYonfw&m;awmfukd,kHMunfvufcHcJhMuNyD; olwkdY\
toufwmrsm;ukd ocifa,½ItxHü tyfESHxm;cJhMuonf/ þenf;twkdif;
rdrda[mMum;aom w&m;awmfukd Mum;em&olrsm;u,kHMunfvufcHrnfhtaMumif;
&Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;&ef yefMum;xm;cJhonf/
qkd;npfaomolwkdYvufrS igwkdYukdu,fvGwfawmfrlrnfhtaMumif; (i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd rdrda[majymaomaomfvnf;
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;utjynfht0 vufrcHMurnfhtaMumif;ukd odaecJhonf/ ola[m
ajymaeaom owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukdrESpfoufMuonfh qkd;npfaom
olwkdYu olukdwkdufckdufí temw&jyKMurnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; odaecJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh rdrd\EIwfuywfw&m;awmf a[majymjcif;trIawmfukd wm;qD;aESmifh
,SufvkdaomolwkdYvufrSuG,fumapmifrcH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;Mu&ef
&SifaygvkujyefMum;xm;cJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; ocifa,½Iukdrkef;wD;aomolwkdY\ twkduftcHjyKjcif;
rsm;ukd&ifqkdifMuzkdY toifhjyifxm;&efvkdtyfonf/ &Sifaygvku EIwfuywfawmf
w&m;a[majym&mwGif rdrdtm;twkduftcHjyK qefYusifMurnfhtaMumif;ukd
« 112 »
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em;vnfxm;cJhonf/ vlwkdYuolYukdtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifMuaomfvnf; bk&m;
ocifonfopöm&SdpGmjzihf rdrdESifhtwl&SdrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; odxm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf &SifaygvktwGufukd,fpm;jyK qkawmif;ay;aeaomrdrd\vlrsKd;
rsm;\qkawmif;oHukdwkefYjyefonfhtaejzihf &SifaygvkukdcGeftm;opfrsm;oGef;
avmif;ay;í uG,fumapmifrygvdrhfrnf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYrSmvnf; tvm;wl&efjyK qefYusifjcif;ukd
&ifqkdifaeMu&aMumif; &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukd
Oayu©mjyKpGefYvTwfroGm;rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkujyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;cGeftm;opfrsm;ukdoGef;avmif;ay;í raumif;aom
trIt&mESifhuif;vGwfapjcif;iSm apmifrawmfrlygvdrfhrnf (i,f 35)/ Munfh½I
apmifrcH&jcif;qkdonfrSm&efolwkdYuolwkdYukdqefYusifbufjyKMuawmhrnfr[kwf[k
rqdkvkdaMumif;ukd owdcsyfxm;Mu&rnf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemhc&D;vrf;wGif
tcuftcJrsm;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;&SdaecJhMurnfhtaMumif;udk odxm;cJhonf/
olYukd[efYwm;aESmifh,SufzkdY&efolwkdYuvnf; rdrdwkdY\tpGrf;tp&SdorQjzifhvkyf
aqmifMuygvdrhfrnf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf b0qkdonfht&m
rSmvG,fulonfawmhr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYESifh tjrJ&SdaecJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh twkduftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;rsm;onf ezl;awGY
'l;awGYMuKHawGYrnfht&mrsm;jzpfMuouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\uG,fumapmifrjcif;rSm
vnf; ppfrSefaomt&mjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrdaqmif,lvmí
oifay;cJhaomoGefoifcsufrsm;wGif MuHhMuHhcH&yfwnf,kHMunfoGm;Murnfh
taMumif; ukdtvGefpdwfcs,kHMunfaMumif; tcef;i,f(4)wGifazmfjyxm;onf/
olwkdYonf ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdifawGYMuKHaeMuvifhupm; bk&m;ocif
onfopöm&SdpGmjzihf olwkdY ukduG,fumapmifrrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk
,HkMunfaecJhonf/ tqkH;wkdif wnfMunfoGm;zkdY&eftwGuf vkdtyfaomcGeftm;
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukd ay;oem;awmfrlygvdrhfrnf/ olwdkYtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufrSm ocifbk&m;onfolwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd bk&m;
ociftm;cspfapjcif;iSm4if;? c&pfawmf\ enf;wlonf;cHjcif;iSm4if; jyifqif
awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf(i,f 5)/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåm
ukdem;vnfMu&efrSm &SifaygvktwGuftvGefta&;ygcJhonf/ þt&monf
olwkdYukd uG,fumapmifray;rnfht&mjzpfonf/ olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;onf bk&m;
ocifukd cspfaomcspfjcif;ESifh jynfh0vmaomtcgwGif olwkdYay;qyfae&aom
tzkd;tcESifh tcuftcJrSmrnfrQyifBuD;apumrl olwkdYonftqkH;xdwkdif
wnfMunfoGm;Ekdif Murnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\*kPftaoa&ukd tjcm;
enf;vrf;rsm;jzihfnd§K; EGrf;aprnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomcspfjcif;
arwåmaMumifh toufukdyifay;í taocHoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
\cspfjcif;arwåmukd em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf tMurf;wrf;qkH;aom
ppfaMumjcif;umvwGif olwkdYukd tm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;í axmufyHhulnDay;
ygvdhrfrnf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; ocifc&pfawmfenf;wl onf;cH&if;
tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfoGm;zkdYukdvnf; &Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ ocifc&pf
« 114 »« 113 »
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em;vnfxm;cJhonf/ vlwkdYuolYukdtwkduftcHjyKqefYusifMuaomfvnf; bk&m;
ocifonfopöm&SdpGmjzihf rdrdESifhtwl&SdrnfhtaMumif;ukdvnf; odxm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf &SifaygvktwGufukd,fpm;jyK qkawmif;ay;aeaomrdrd\vlrsKd;
rsm;\qkawmif;oHukdwkefYjyefonfhtaejzihf &SifaygvkukdcGeftm;opfrsm;oGef;
avmif;ay;í uG,fumapmifrygvdrhfrnf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYrSmvnf; tvm;wl&efjyK qefYusifjcif;ukd
&ifqkdifaeMu&aMumif; &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYukd
Oayu©mjyKpGefYvTwfroGm;rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkujyefvnftoday;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm;cGeftm;opfrsm;ukdoGef;avmif;ay;í raumif;aom
trIt&mESifhuif;vGwfapjcif;iSm apmifrawmfrlygvdrfhrnf (i,f 35)/ Munfh½I
apmifrcH&jcif;qkdonfrSm&efolwkdYuolwkdYukdqefYusifbufjyKMuawmhrnfr[kwf[k
rqdkvkdaMumif;ukd owdcsyfxm;Mu&rnf/ &Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemhc&D;vrf;wGif
tcuftcJrsm;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;&SdaecJhMurnfhtaMumif;udk odxm;cJhonf/
olYukd[efYwm;aESmifh,SufzkdY&efolwkdYuvnf; rdrdwkdY\tpGrf;tp&SdorQjzifhvkyf
aqmifMuygvdrhfrnf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf b0qkdonfht&m
rSmvG,fulonfawmhr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYESifh tjrJ&SdaecJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ESifh twkduftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;rsm;onf ezl;awGY
'l;awGYMuKHawGYrnfht&mrsm;jzpfMuouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\uG,fumapmifrjcif;rSm
vnf; ppfrSefaomt&mjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf oufaomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrdaqmif,lvmí
oifay;cJhaomoGefoifcsufrsm;wGif MuHhMuHhcH&yfwnf,kHMunfoGm;Murnfh
taMumif; ukdtvGefpdwfcs,kHMunfaMumif; tcef;i,f(4)wGifazmfjyxm;onf/
olwkdYonf ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdifawGYMuKHaeMuvifhupm; bk&m;ocif
onfopöm&SdpGmjzihf olwkdY ukduG,fumapmifrrnfhtaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk
,HkMunfaecJhonf/ tqkH;wkdif wnfMunfoGm;zkdY&eftwGuf vkdtyfaomcGeftm;
rsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuolwkdYukd ay;oem;awmfrlygvdrhfrnf/ olwdkYtwGuf
&Sifaygvk\qkawmif;csufrSm ocifbk&m;onfolwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;ukd bk&m;
ociftm;cspfapjcif;iSm4if;? c&pfawmf\ enf;wlonf;cHjcif;iSm4if; jyifqif
awmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf(i,f 5)/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;taejzihf bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåm
ukdem;vnfMu&efrSm &SifaygvktwGuftvGefta&;ygcJhonf/ þt&monf
olwkdYukd uG,fumapmifray;rnfht&mjzpfonf/ olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;onf bk&m;
ocifukd cspfaomcspfjcif;ESifh jynfh0vmaomtcgwGif olwkdYay;qyfae&aom
tzkd;tcESifh tcuftcJrSmrnfrQyifBuD;apumrl olwkdYonftqkH;xdwkdif
wnfMunfoGm;Ekdif Murnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\*kPftaoa&ukd tjcm;
enf;vrf;rsm;jzihfnd§K; EGrf;aprnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomcspfjcif;
arwåmaMumifh toufukdyifay;í taocHoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
\cspfjcif;arwåmukd em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf tMurf;wrf;qkH;aom
ppfaMumjcif;umvwGif olwkdYukd tm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;í axmufyHhulnDay;
ygvdhrfrnf/
oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm; ocifc&pfawmfenf;wl onf;cH&if;
tqkH;wkdifwnfMunfoGm;zkdYukdvnf; &Sifaygvkuqkawmif;ay;cJhonf/ ocifc&pf
« 114 »« 113 »
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vGwfuif;í tjypfuif;pifoljzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\vlwkdYtwGuf toufukdvkdvkd
vm;vm;paw;cJhygonf/ olonfcrnf;awmftm; jynfhpkHpGmemcHjcif;jzihftjypf
temtqmuif;aomtoufwmukd &,l&SifoefcJhygonf/ tzbk&m;ocif\
tvkdawmfESifhtMuHtpnfrsm;ü0efcHí opöm&Sd&Sd jzifhum;wkdifxufokdYwufvSrf;cJh
ygonf/ þuJhokdYaomopöm&Sdonf;cHjcif;rsKd;tm; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY
u&&SdMu&ef&Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkppfaMumjcif;
rsm;rS uG,fumay;rnfhtaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkqkrawmif;cJhyg/ olwkdY\b0
vrf;aMumif;ay:ü a&muf&Sd vmrnfhppfaMumjcif;rsm;wGifopöm&SdMuzkdYbk&m;ocif
aqmifusOf;vrf;jyay;rnfhtaMumif; ukdom &Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/
þtcef;BuD;\useftykdif;wGif oufomavmedwftoif;awmf&Sdtvkyf
rvkyfvkdaom ,kHMunfolrsm;\jyóemukdvdyfrlía&;om;cJhonf/,kHMunfolrsm;
rdrdwkdYtouf&SifpOfumvwGifocifbk&m;jyefvnfqif;<uvmrnfjzpfaom
aMumifh tvkyfvkyfp&mrvdkawmh[kcH,lxm;MuyHkrSm tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/
tvkyfvkyfí rdom;pkukdaxmufyHhMurnfhtpm;olwkdYukd,füutoif;awmftwGuf
0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmMuNyD; ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0kdif;twGuf qkd;&Gm;EkHcsmvS
aomykHOyrmrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/
oufomavmedwfMo0g'pmyxrapmifwGif &SifaygvkuþtaMumif;
t&m ukdvdyfrla&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; þwpfBudrfwGifrl ol\pum;vkH;rsm;rSm
ykdí jywfom;rI&Sdvmonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; &Sifaygvku
tvkyf vkyfzkdYjiif;qefaeMuaom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifhjywfjywfom;om;&SdMuzkdY
ajymqkdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tMuHjyKcsufrSm tvkyfvkyfzkdYjiif;qefMuaom
,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhuif; uif;&Sif;&Sif;aeMuzkdYyifjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrdwkdYonftjcm;nDtpfukdrsm;xuf0dnmOfoabmykdY
aqmifaeMuonf[kxifrSwfcJhMu[ef&Sdonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmcsdefukdapmifhpm;aeMu&aomaMumifh tvkyfrvkyfyJaecJhMuykHay:onf/ okdYaomf
&SifaygvkuolwkdY vkyfaqmifaeyHkrsm;onf 0dnmOfoabmraqmifonfhtjyif
owif;aumif;w&m;twGuf t[efYtwm;taESmifht,SufjzpfaeMuonf[kol
wkdYukdajymcJhonf/
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&SifaygvkuolwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ &SifaygvkoufomavmedwfNrdKUü
&SdpOfutvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm;vkyfcJhonf/ trSefqkd&vQif wrefawmfwkdYonf
toif;awmfrsm;twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfrnfhtaMumif; rdrdwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;
ukdjznfhqnf;zkdY ukd,fwkdiftvkyfvkyfcJhMuonf(i,f 7-8)/ tcef;i,f(9)wGif
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdYonf,kHMunfolwkdY\
tultnDrsm;ukdvufcH&,lzkdY bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfarSmufütcGihfta&;tjynfh
&Sdaomfvnf; xkda'owpf0kduf&Sd,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfapzkdY
xkdtcGifhta&;ukdab;z,fxm;zkdY a&G;cs,fcJhMuaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ,kHMunfol
wkdYu twk,lvkdufavQmufzkdY ykHOyrmaumif;ukdvnf;jyzkdY olwkdYvkdcsifcJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGifzkdY&eftwGuf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;pDwkdif;u
rdrdwkdY\tcef;u@ukdvkyfaqmifMuzkdYrSm &SifaygvktwGuf ta&;BuD;aomt&m
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku ]]tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrnfonfum; tpmukdvnf;rpm;
« 116 »« 115 »
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awmfonf aoqkH;csdeftxdopöm&SdcJhygonf/ olonftjypf'kp½kduftm;vkH;ESifh
vGwfuif;í tjypfuif;pifoljzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\vlwkdYtwGuf toufukdvkdvkd
vm;vm;paw;cJhygonf/ olonfcrnf;awmftm; jynfhpkHpGmemcHjcif;jzihftjypf
temtqmuif;aomtoufwmukd &,l&SifoefcJhygonf/ tzbk&m;ocif\
tvkdawmfESifhtMuHtpnfrsm;ü0efcHí opöm&Sd&Sd jzifhum;wkdifxufokdYwufvSrf;cJh
ygonf/ þuJhokdYaomopöm&Sdonf;cHjcif;rsKd;tm; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdY
u&&SdMu&ef&Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkppfaMumjcif;
rsm;rS uG,fumay;rnfhtaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkqkrawmif;cJhyg/ olwkdY\b0
vrf;aMumif;ay:ü a&muf&Sd vmrnfhppfaMumjcif;rsm;wGifopöm&SdMuzkdYbk&m;ocif
aqmifusOf;vrf;jyay;rnfhtaMumif; ukdom &Sifaygvkqkawmif;cJhonf/
þtcef;BuD;\useftykdif;wGif oufomavmedwftoif;awmf&Sdtvkyf
rvkyfvkdaom ,kHMunfolrsm;\jyóemukdvdyfrlía&;om;cJhonf/,kHMunfolrsm;
rdrdwkdYtouf&SifpOfumvwGifocifbk&m;jyefvnfqif;<uvmrnfjzpfaom
aMumifh tvkyfvkyfp&mrvdkawmh[kcH,lxm;MuyHkrSm tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/
tvkyfvkyfí rdom;pkukdaxmufyHhMurnfhtpm;olwkdYukd,füutoif;awmftwGuf
0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmMuNyD; ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0kdif;twGuf qkd;&Gm;EkHcsmvS
aomykHOyrmrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/
oufomavmedwfMo0g'pmyxrapmifwGif &SifaygvkuþtaMumif;
t&m ukdvdyfrla&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; þwpfBudrfwGifrl ol\pum;vkH;rsm;rSm
ykdí jywfom;rI&Sdvmonf/ oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; &Sifaygvku
tvkyf vkyfzkdYjiif;qefaeMuaom þyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifhjywfjywfom;om;&SdMuzkdY
ajymqkdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\tMuHjyKcsufrSm tvkyfvkyfzkdYjiif;qefMuaom
,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhuif; uif;&Sif;&Sif;aeMuzkdYyifjzpfonf (i,f 6)/
þ,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrdwkdYonftjcm;nDtpfukdrsm;xuf0dnmOfoabmykdY
aqmifaeMuonf[kxifrSwfcJhMu[ef&Sdonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;
vmcsdefukdapmifhpm;aeMu&aomaMumifh tvkyfrvkyfyJaecJhMuykHay:onf/ okdYaomf
&SifaygvkuolwkdY vkyfaqmifaeyHkrsm;onf 0dnmOfoabmraqmifonfhtjyif
owif;aumif;w&m;twGuf t[efYtwm;taESmifht,SufjzpfaeMuonf[kol
wkdYukdajymcJhonf/
olwkdYESifhtwlaexkdifcJhpOfujyocJhaom rdrd\toufwmykHOyrmukd
&SifaygvkuolwkdYtm;jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ &SifaygvkoufomavmedwfNrdKUü
&SdpOfutvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm;vkyfcJhonf/ trSefqkd&vQif wrefawmfwkdYonf
toif;awmfrsm;twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfrnfhtaMumif; rdrdwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;
ukdjznfhqnf;zkdY ukd,fwkdiftvkyfvkyfcJhMuonf(i,f 7-8)/ tcef;i,f(9)wGif
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdYonf,kHMunfolwkdY\
tultnDrsm;ukdvufcH&,lzkdY bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfarSmufütcGihfta&;tjynfh
&Sdaomfvnf; xkda'owpf0kduf&Sd,kHMunfolwkdYtwGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rjzpfapzkdY
xkdtcGifhta&;ukdab;z,fxm;zkdY a&G;cs,fcJhMuaMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ ,kHMunfol
wkdYu twk,lvkdufavQmufzkdY ykHOyrmaumif;ukdvnf;jyzkdY olwkdYvkdcsifcJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGifzkdY&eftwGuf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;pDwkdif;u
rdrdwkdY\tcef;u@ukdvkyfaqmifMuzkdYrSm &SifaygvktwGuf ta&;BuD;aomt&m
jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku ]]tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrnfonfum; tpmukdvnf;rpm;
« 116 »« 115 »
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xm;aompGrf;&nfaus;Zl;ESifh yifukd,fpGrf;&nfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKMu&efrSmtzbk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfESifh &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmftvsif tjrefysHUESHYoGm;rnfhtaMumif;qkawmif;Mu&ef
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; yefMum;cJhonfhtaMumif;ukd
owd&yg/ &Sifaygvk\trIawmfjrwfwGif ta&;ay:tajctaewpfck&Sdaeonf/
&SifaygvktwGuf EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfu@rsm;ü vufvGwfpy,f aexkdif
&Sifoef &eftaMumif;r&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifap
vkdaom trIt&mrsm;ukd pl;prf;&SmazGawGY&Sdí xkdt&mrsm;ESifhvkH;yef;vsuf vkyf
aqmifMu zkdYrSmbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfyifjzpfonf/ rnfonfhtrIt&mukd
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twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;uolwkdYukdaxmufyHhMurnfh
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\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifjznfhpnf;zkdY&orQ tvkyfukdvkyfaqmifMu&ef
&SifaygvkurdefYrSmcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&mESifhywfoufí &SifaygvkrSmtvGefav;
eufjyif;xefvSonf/ xkdYaMumihfyifxkdokdY tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrsm;ukdrSwfom;í
olwkdYESifhuif;uif;&Sif;&Sif;aezkdY oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ajymcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm olwkdYukdt&Suf&oGm;apzkdYjzpf
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&Sifaygvku tvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm; vkyfaqmifaeaomolrsm;tm;csD;
rGrf;&if; tjcm;wbufwGifvnf; tm;avsmhpdwfysufroGm;MuzkdY oifhwifhrSefuef
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tcsdefwkdif;vkdvkdwGif toif;awmf\omoemhvkyfief; wm0efukdopöm&Sd
aomvufwpfqkyfpmvlpkuav;rsm;u xrf;aqmifoGm;cJhMuonf/ vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;&Sdvmwkdif; rdrdwkdYwwfEkdiforQaomtvkyfukdvkyfzkdY olwkdYtqifoifh&SdaecJhMu
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wwfMuonfhtjzpfukdvnf; uREkfyfawGYjrifzl;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm trIawmfjrwf
wm0efukdwpfukd,fwnf; xrf;aqmifaecJhMu&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ toif;awmf
\tjcm;toif;0ifrsm;rSm bmrSr,fr,f&&rvkyfbJ wif;wdrfaecJhMuonf/
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&Sifaygvkom 'DuaeYtxdouf&Sifxif&Sm;&Sdaeygu xkdokdYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
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« 118 »« 117 »
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xm;aompGrf;&nfaus;Zl;ESifh yifukd,fpGrf;&nfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKMu&efrSmtzbk&m;
ocif\tvkdawmfESifh &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmftvsif tjrefysHUESHYoGm;rnfhtaMumif;qkawmif;Mu&ef
&Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; yefMum;cJhonfhtaMumif;ukd
owd&yg/ &Sifaygvk\trIawmfjrwfwGif ta&;ay:tajctaewpfck&Sdaeonf/
&SifaygvktwGuf EkdifiHawmf\trIawmfu@rsm;ü vufvGwfpy,f aexkdif
&Sifoef &eftaMumif;r&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:í vkyfaqmifap
vkdaom trIt&mrsm;ukd pl;prf;&SmazGawGY&Sdí xkdt&mrsm;ESifhvkH;yef;vsuf vkyf
aqmifMu zkdYrSmbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfyifjzpfonf/ rnfonfhtrIt&mukd
vkyfaqmifzkdY bk&m;ocifonfoifhukdqifhac:ygoenf;/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf
<uqifvmaomtcgü oifhtm;xkdtrIt&mrsm;ESifh vkH;yef;vsuf&Sdaeonfh
tjzpfukd awGYygrnfavm/
oufomavmedwfNrdK&Sdtoif;awmfwGif tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrsm;&Sdae
cJhMuonf/ xkdokdYtvkyfrvkyfyJ tm;vkyfaeMuonfhtwGuf olwkdYonfolwpfyg;
ta&; 0ifa&mufpGufzufípyfpkolrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ olwkdYonftoif;awmf
twGuf 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;jzpfvmMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;uolwkdYukdaxmufyHhMurnfh
ta&;ukdarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/ xkdodkYusihfMuHaexkdifjcif;rsKd;udk &yfwefYírdrdwkdY
\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifjznfhpnf;zkdY&orQ tvkyfukdvkyfaqmifMu&ef
&SifaygvkurdefYrSmcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&mESifhywfoufí &SifaygvkrSmtvGefav;
eufjyif;xefvSonf/ xkdYaMumihfyifxkdokdY tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrsm;ukdrSwfom;í
olwkdYESifhuif;uif;&Sif;&Sif;aezkdY oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ajymcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm olwkdYukdt&Suf&oGm;apzkdYjzpf
onf(i,f 14)/ olwkdYonf xkdtvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolrsm;\&efol uJhokdYrqufqH
zkdYESifholwkdY\ysif;&drIESifhtjypfukdowday;zkdY txl;*½kpkduf&rnfjzpfonf(i,f 15)/
&Sifaygvku tvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm; vkyfaqmifaeaomolrsm;tm;csD;
rGrf;&if; tjcm;wbufwGifvnf; tm;avsmhpdwfysufroGm;MuzkdY oifhwifhrSefuef
aomt&mukdqufvufí BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifoGm;MuzkdYtm;ay;cJhonf/ olwkdY
tv,fü&Sdaeaom vlysif;rsm;uolwkdY\vkyfcif;aqmifwmrsm;ukdaESmifh,Sufí
pdwfysuftm;avsmhoGm;atmif vkyfcGifhray;zkdY &SifaygvkuolwkdYukdpdefac:cJhonf/
tcsdefwkdif;vkdvkdwGif toif;awmf\omoemhvkyfief; wm0efukdopöm&Sd
aomvufwpfqkyfpmvlpkuav;rsm;u xrf;aqmifoGm;cJhMuonf/ vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;&Sdvmwkdif; rdrdwkdYwwfEkdiforQaomtvkyfukdvkyfzkdY olwkdYtqifoifh&SdaecJhMu
onf/ þuJhokdYaomolrsm; trIawmfukdxrf;aqmifpOfü pdwfysuftm;avsmh
wwfMuonfhtjzpfukdvnf; uREkfyfawGYjrifzl;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm trIawmfjrwf
wm0efukdwpfukd,fwnf; xrf;aqmifaecJhMu&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ toif;awmf
\tjcm;toif;0ifrsm;rSm bmrSr,fr,f&&rvkyfbJ wif;wdrfaecJhMuonf/
xkdolwkdYüvnf; pGrf;&nfaus;Zl;rsm;&Sdygaomfvnf; xkdt&mukdtokH;rjyKMuyg/
&Sifaygvkom 'DuaeYtxdouf&Sifxif&Sm;&Sdaeygu xkdokdYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd
rnfokdYajymcJhvdrhfrnfenf;/
« 118 »« 117 »
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&Sifaygvkonf toif;awmftay:ü aumif;MuD;r*Fvmay;jcif;jzihf rdrd\
þMo0g'pmapmifukdtqkH;owfed*kH;csKyfxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\Nidrfoufjcif;
onf enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfolwkdYtxJüjynfh0vmrnfhta&;rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
jzpfonf/ ola&;xm;cJhaompmapmifrsm;tm;vkH;ü xl;jcm;aompmapmifjzpf
aMumif;jyoonfh trSwftom;taejzihfþpmapmif\aemufqkH;EIwfcGef;
qufojcif;ukd rdrdvufjzihfukd,fwkdifa&;om;&if; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
wkdYukdtoday;cJhonf/ þa'owpf0kdufü tvdrftnmpmapmif vnf;ysHUESHYae
aomaMumifh oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrd\vufa&;ukdrSwfrdí
þpmapmifonfrdrdtxHrS a&;ykdYvkdufaompmapmifjzpfaMumif;ukdod&SdMu&efrSm
&SifaygvktwGufta&;BuD; aumif;BuD;aeygvdrhfrnf/
þtcef;BuD;ü &Sifaygvkta&;wBuD;jzpfaeaomt&mrSm owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfonf rsm;EkdiforQrsm;aomvlwkdYtxHokdY ysHUESHYoGm;rnfhta&;jzpfaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifcJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
EkdifiHawmf\omoemhwm0efukdxrf;aqmif&mü tvGeftav;teuf&SdMuzkdYESifh
tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolwkdYukd jywfjywfom;om; qufqHMuzkdYpdefac:xm;onf/
olwkdY\tcsdefrsm;ukd tv[morjzKef;wD;bJ ywf0ef;usiftwGuftusKd;jzpf
aomol? EkdifiHawmftwGufopöm&Sdaom vkyfom;aumif;rsm;jzpfvmMuzkdYjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
owifaumif;w&m;awmfa[majymjcif; ta&;wBuD;vkd tyfaeykHESifhpyf
vsOf;í þusrf;csufuuREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukdoGefoifay;yg
oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&mü oifawGYMuKH&aomt[efY
twm;taESmifht,Sufrsm;rSm rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfoenf;/
EkdifiHawmfübk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;rnfonfhtcef;u@ukday;tyf
xm;ygoenf;/xkdvkyfief;wm0efukdoif opöm&Sd&Sdvkyfaqmifaeygovm;/
þxufruykdí vkHYv0D&d,&Sdum opöm&Sdaomvkyfom;aumif;rjzpfvm
EkdifzkdY rnfonfht&muoihfukd[efYwm;xm;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þxufrubk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd xrf;aqmifEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;
ukdjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ociftwGuf þurÇmBuD;ukdowif;aumif;w&m; jzihfvSrf;qkyf,l
rnfhwm0efta&;wBuD;vkdtyfaeonfukd ykdíeufeufeJeJcHpm;odjrifzkdY
ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 120 »« 119 »
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&Sifaygvkonf toif;awmftay:ü aumif;MuD;r*Fvmay;jcif;jzihf rdrd\
þMo0g'pmapmifukdtqkH;owfed*kH;csKyfxm;ygonf/ bk&m;ocif\Nidrfoufjcif;
onf enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzihfolwkdYtxJüjynfh0vmrnfhta&;rSm &Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´
jzpfonf/ ola&;xm;cJhaompmapmifrsm;tm;vkH;ü xl;jcm;aompmapmifjzpf
aMumif;jyoonfh trSwftom;taejzihfþpmapmif\aemufqkH;EIwfcGef;
qufojcif;ukd rdrdvufjzihfukd,fwkdifa&;om;&if; oufomavmedwf,kHMunfol
wkdYukdtoday;cJhonf/ þa'owpf0kdufü tvdrftnmpmapmif vnf;ysHUESHYae
aomaMumifh oufomavmedwf,kHMunfolrsm;u rdrd\vufa&;ukdrSwfrdí
þpmapmifonfrdrdtxHrS a&;ykdYvkdufaompmapmifjzpfaMumif;ukdod&SdMu&efrSm
&SifaygvktwGufta&;BuD; aumif;BuD;aeygvdrhfrnf/
þtcef;BuD;ü &Sifaygvkta&;wBuD;jzpfaeaomt&mrSm owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfonf rsm;EkdiforQrsm;aomvlwkdYtxHokdY ysHUESHYoGm;rnfhta&;jzpfaMumif;
uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrifcJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvkuoufomavmedwf,kHMunfolwkdYtm;
EkdifiHawmf\omoemhwm0efukdxrf;aqmif&mü tvGeftav;teuf&SdMuzkdYESifh
tvkyfrvkyfcsifaomolwkdYukd jywfjywfom;om; qufqHMuzkdYpdefac:xm;onf/
olwkdY\tcsdefrsm;ukd tv[morjzKef;wD;bJ ywf0ef;usiftwGuftusKd;jzpf
aomol? EkdifiHawmftwGufopöm&Sdaom vkyfom;aumif;rsm;jzpfvmMuzkdYjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
owifaumif;w&m;awmfa[majymjcif; ta&;wBuD;vkd tyfaeykHESifhpyf
vsOf;í þusrf;csufuuREkfyfwkdYtm; rnfonfht&mukdoGefoifay;yg
oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&mü oifawGYMuKH&aomt[efY
twm;taESmifht,Sufrsm;rSm rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfoenf;/
EkdifiHawmfübk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;rnfonfhtcef;u@ukday;tyf
xm;ygoenf;/xkdvkyfief;wm0efukdoif opöm&Sd&Sdvkyfaqmifaeygovm;/
þxufruykdí vkHYv0D&d,&Sdum opöm&Sdaomvkyfom;aumif;rjzpfvm
EkdifzkdY rnfonfht&muoihfukd[efYwm;xm;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
þxufrubk&m;ocif\trIawmfukd xrf;aqmifEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;
ukdjyoay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ociftwGuf þurÇmBuD;ukdowif;aumif;w&m; jzihfvSrf;qkyf,l
rnfhwm0efta&;wBuD;vkdtyfaeonfukd ykdíeufeufeJeJcHpm;odjrifzkdY
ulnDrpay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 120 »« 119 »
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12
wdarmaotm;apckdif;onfhwm0ef
1 wdarmao 1;1;-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf wrefawmf&Sifaygvku wdarmaoxHokdYa&;ykdYcJhaom
ESpfukd,fMum;pmapmifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd vli,fwpfOD;tjzpf
ESifhvkwå&a'owGifqkHawGYcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd tvGefoabmus
cJhaomaMumifhrdrd\ omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;ü ac:aqmifoGm;&efqkH;jzwfcJhonf/
xdkokdYjzihfwdarmaorSm&Sifaygvk\ 0dnmOfom;jzpfcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd
ukd,fpm; wdarmaoukd omoemhvkyfief;rsm;ütBudrfBudrfapvTwfcJhonf/ Oyrm
tm; jzihfqkd&vQif &Sifaygvku wdarmaoESifhoDvwkdYukd oufomavmedwfNrdKU
okdYrnfokdY apvTwfcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrif&onf(1 ouf 3;2)/ þpmapmif
wGifvnf; wdarmao tm;{zufNrdKUokdY apvTwfcJhaMumif;ukdawGY&onf(i,f 3)/
wdarmaotm;a&;ykdYcJhaom þpmapmifwGif &Sifaygvkurdrdukd,fukd
ocifa,½I\ynwfawmftm;jzihf xkdocif\wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;
rdwfqufpma&;om;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(1)wGif ocifa,½Ionfrdrd\arQmfvifh
jcif;taMumif;jzpfaMumif; wdarmaoukdjyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ rdrd\arQmf
vifhjcif;onf ocifa,½IomjzpffaMumif;ukd &SifaygvkrnfonfhtcgurQrarh
avsmhcJhyg/ þtaMumif;t&monf rdrda&mufav&mae&mwkdif;wGif a[majymcJh
aomw&m;a'oemyifjzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifhvlom;wkdYrSm bk&m;ocifESifh
a0;uGmcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYü&Sdaom wpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifhcsufrSm ocifa,½I
ESifhxkdocif\ um;wkdifxufü jyKvkyfcJhaomtrIawmfüomjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&þpmapmifonf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf om;ppfjzpfaomwdaraotxHokdY a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaom
pmjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkESifh ol\tMum;&Sd qufqH&if;ESD;rIt& wdarmaorSm
om;t&mü&SdaecJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ESpfouf
jrwfEkd;aomaMumifh txl;wvnfta&;ay;cJhonf/ xkdwifru olonf
&Sifaygvk\ tawmift&dyf atmufüaexkdif&if; &Sifaygvk\avhusifhoGefoifay;
jcif;ukdcH&aomaMumifh wdarmaorSmom;t&mü&Sdae&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotwGuf 0dnmOf zcifBuD;wpfOD;jzpfcJh&onf/ þvli,f\0dnmOfa&;
wkd;wuf&mwkd;wufaMumif;rsm; &Sifaygvk\ESvkH;om;ü&SdaecJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
urdrdwkdY\omoemc&D;pOf rsm;wGif wdarmaoESifhwuG tcsdefem&Daygif;rsm;pGm
ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifESifhqufEG,fywfoufjcif;twGuf wdarmaoukd
oGefoifqkH;r&if;rGrf;rcHcJhonf/
&SifaygvkurdrdvkyfaeMutwkdif; wdarmaoukdaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;jzifh
pmapmifukdtpjyKcJhonf/ wdarmaotm;aus;Zl? *½kPm? Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYjzifh
aumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonf rxkdufwefbJ&&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ u½kPmawmfqkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtm;tjypfom;rsm;
taejzihfjyKrl qufqHaombk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomawmfESifh rxkdufwefaomfjim;vnf; bk&m;ocifurnfokdYyif
jzpfap uREkfyfwkdYtay:üoGef;avmif;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ Nidrfoufjcif;onf
uREkfyfwkdY\ ukd,fpdwfcsrf;omrIESifh omreftm;jzihfoufqkdifNyD; txl;ojzihfbk&m;
ocifESifhuREkfyfwkdY\ qufEG,fywfoufrIESifhoufqkdifonf/
tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olvkyfaqmif&rnfhtxl;
« 122 »
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12
wdarmaotm;apckdif;onfhwm0ef
1 wdarmao 1;1;-11 ukdzwf½Iyg/
þpmapmifonf wrefawmf&Sifaygvku wdarmaoxHokdYa&;ykdYcJhaom
ESpfukd,fMum;pmapmifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd vli,fwpfOD;tjzpf
ESifhvkwå&a'owGifqkHawGYcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd tvGefoabmus
cJhaomaMumifhrdrd\ omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;ü ac:aqmifoGm;&efqkH;jzwfcJhonf/
xdkokdYjzihfwdarmaorSm&Sifaygvk\ 0dnmOfom;jzpfcJh&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf rdrd
ukd,fpm; wdarmaoukd omoemhvkyfief;rsm;ütBudrfBudrfapvTwfcJhonf/ Oyrm
tm; jzihfqkd&vQif &Sifaygvku wdarmaoESifhoDvwkdYukd oufomavmedwfNrdKU
okdYrnfokdY apvTwfcJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYawGYjrif&onf(1 ouf 3;2)/ þpmapmif
wGifvnf; wdarmao tm;{zufNrdKUokdY apvTwfcJhaMumif;ukdawGY&onf(i,f 3)/
wdarmaotm;a&;ykdYcJhaom þpmapmifwGif &Sifaygvkurdrdukd,fukd
ocifa,½I\ynwfawmftm;jzihf xkdocif\wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;
rdwfqufpma&;om;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(1)wGif ocifa,½Ionfrdrd\arQmfvifh
jcif;taMumif;jzpfaMumif; wdarmaoukdjyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ rdrd\arQmf
vifhjcif;onf ocifa,½IomjzpffaMumif;ukd &SifaygvkrnfonfhtcgurQrarh
avsmhcJhyg/ þtaMumif;t&monf rdrda&mufav&mae&mwkdif;wGif a[majymcJh
aomw&m;a'oemyifjzpfonf/ tjypf'kp½kdufaMumifhvlom;wkdYrSm bk&m;ocifESifh
a0;uGmcJhMu&onf/ olwkdYü&Sdaom wpfckwnf;aomarQmfvifhcsufrSm ocifa,½I
ESifhxkdocif\ um;wkdifxufü jyKvkyfcJhaomtrIawmfüomjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; &Sifaygvk\tqkdt&þpmapmifonf
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf om;ppfjzpfaomwdaraotxHokdY a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaom
pmjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkESifh ol\tMum;&Sd qufqH&if;ESD;rIt& wdarmaorSm
om;t&mü&SdaecJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaoukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ESpfouf
jrwfEkd;aomaMumifh txl;wvnfta&;ay;cJhonf/ xkdwifru olonf
&Sifaygvk\ tawmift&dyf atmufüaexkdif&if; &Sifaygvk\avhusifhoGefoifay;
jcif;ukdcH&aomaMumifh wdarmaorSmom;t&mü&Sdae&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotwGuf 0dnmOf zcifBuD;wpfOD;jzpfcJh&onf/ þvli,f\0dnmOfa&;
wkd;wuf&mwkd;wufaMumif;rsm; &Sifaygvk\ESvkH;om;ü&SdaecJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
urdrdwkdY\omoemc&D;pOf rsm;wGif wdarmaoESifhwuG tcsdefem&Daygif;rsm;pGm
ukdtokH;jyKí bk&m;ocifESifhqufEG,fywfoufjcif;twGuf wdarmaoukd
oGefoifqkH;r&if;rGrf;rcHcJhonf/
&SifaygvkurdrdvkyfaeMutwkdif; wdarmaoukdaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;jzifh
pmapmifukdtpjyKcJhonf/ wdarmaotm;aus;Zl? *½kPm? Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYjzifh
aumif;BuD;ay;cJhonf/ aus;Zl;awmfqkdonf rxkdufwefbJ&&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
rsufESmomay;rIjzpfonf/ u½kPmawmfqkdonfrSm uREkfyfwkdYtm;tjypfom;rsm;
taejzihfjyKrl qufqHaombk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;
ocif\rsufESmomawmfESifh rxkdufwefaomfjim;vnf; bk&m;ocifurnfokdYyif
jzpfap uREkfyfwkdYtay:üoGef;avmif;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ Nidrfoufjcif;onf
uREkfyfwkdY\ ukd,fpdwfcsrf;omrIESifh omreftm;jzihfoufqkdifNyD; txl;ojzihfbk&m;
ocifESifhuREkfyfwkdY\ qufEG,fywfoufrIESifhoufqkdifonf/
tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olvkyfaqmif&rnfhtxl;
« 122 »
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wm0efESifhpyfvsOf;í jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvkrmau'gedjynfokdYoGm;
aomtcg wdarmaotm;xkda'oüae&pfí trIawmfaqmif&efwkdufwGef;cJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUü qufvufaexkdifí xkda'o&Sd
,kHMunfolwkdYtxHü trIawmfaqmif&efpdefac:cJhonf/ {zufNrdKUüwdarmao
vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfonff[k &SifaygvkcHpm;&aomt&mrsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/
vGJrSm;aomt,l0g'
{zufNrdKUteD;w0kdufü vGJrSm;aomt,l0g'ukdoGefoifay; aomolrsm;&Sd
aecJhonf(i,f 3)/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vGJrSm;aom t,l0g'rsm;ukdroGefoifMuzkdY
wm;jrpfñTefMum;&ef wdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUüquf&SdaezkdY &Sifaygvkutvkd&SdcJh
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a&mufoGm;EkdifcJhayrnf/ wdarmaoonftoif;awmfESifhtcsdef,líolwkdYukd
or®mw&m;üaoG;aqmifí oGefoifqkH;ray;&efjzpfonf/
'@m&Dpum;ESifhaqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;
{zufNrdKUwGif'@m&Dpum;rsm;? jyifqifírukefEkdifaomaqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;rsm;ukdtvGeftav;xm;Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ aqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvku ]]jyifqifírukefEkdifaom}} [laompum;vkH;ukd
tokH;jyKxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ xkdokdYtokH;jyKxm;csufukdMunfhvQif '@m&Dpum;
rsm;ESifhaqGpOf rsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;twGuftenf;i,fomtusKd;
jyKEkdifaMumif;rSmxif&Sm;onf/ '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESifh aqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;
ukdaqG;aEG;jcif;onf jiif;ckHjcif;ukdomjzpfay:apcJhonf/ xkdtcsif;t&mtm;jzihf
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukdrcsJUxGifEkdifyg/ '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESifhaqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkutao;pdwfajymjyrxm;aomfvnf; 4if;wkdY
onfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfrSt&if;cHvmonfht&mr[kwf? vlom;wkdYxH
rSt&if;cHvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSmaocsmonf/
tcef;i,f(4)wGif bk&m;ocif\omoemawmfukdjyKpkjcif;onf ]],kHMunf
jcif;tm;jzihf}} jzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjyxm;cJhonf/ þtcsuf
rSmtvGefta&;ygonf/ þvGJrSm;aomedó&nf;q&mrsm;onf vufawGYb0\
trSefw&m;rsm;ukd4if;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd4if;?
rdrdwkdY\ukd,fykdifqifjcifwkHw&m;rsm;jzifh em;vnfzkdYBudK;pm;aecJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf vkd&if;ukdvGJacsmfaeMuaMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjycJhonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom&,l&efvkdtyfaom bk&m;ocifESifhywfoufonfht&m
rsm;&Sdygonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefrsm;wGif bk&m;ocif\pdwfESvkH;awmfukduREkfyf
wkdYem;vnfzkdY BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdY\qifjcifwkHw&m;jzifh rajz&Sif;
Ekdifaomt&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf ukd;pm;Mu
&efqifhac:xm;onf/ þuJhokdYOmPftajrmftjrifESifh aqG;aEG;jcif;rsKd;pkHütcsdefukef
vlyef;vsufvrf;aysmufaeMuaomolrsm;pGm {zufNrdKUü&SdaecJhonf/ xkdt&mrsm;
ukdolwkdYtajctwifaqG;aEG;cJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü,kHMunfjcif;r&SdcJhaomaMumifh
tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmfESifhom tqkH;owf&kHomrutjcm;olrsm;ukdvnf; bk&m;ocif
« 124 »« 123 »
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aomtcg wdarmaotm;xkda'oüae&pfí trIawmfaqmif&efwkdufwGef;cJh
onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUü qufvufaexkdifí xkda'o&Sd
,kHMunfolwkdYtxHü trIawmfaqmif&efpdefac:cJhonf/ {zufNrdKUüwdarmao
vkyfaqmifzkdYvkdtyfonff[k &SifaygvkcHpm;&aomt&mrsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/
vGJrSm;aomt,l0g'
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aecJhonf(i,f 3)/ xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vGJrSm;aom t,l0g'rsm;ukdroGefoifMuzkdY
wm;jrpfñTefMum;&ef wdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUüquf&SdaezkdY &Sifaygvkutvkd&SdcJh
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awmfjzpfonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfonf þywf0ef;usifüvSnfhvnfoGm;vmae
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a&mufoGm;EkdifcJhayrnf/ wdarmaoonftoif;awmfESifhtcsdef,líolwkdYukd
or®mw&m;üaoG;aqmifí oGefoifqkH;ray;&efjzpfonf/
'@m&Dpum;ESifhaqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;
{zufNrdKUwGif'@m&Dpum;rsm;? jyifqifírukefEkdifaomaqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;rsm;ukdtvGeftav;xm;Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/ aqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvku ]]jyifqifírukefEkdifaom}} [laompum;vkH;ukd
tokH;jyKxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ xkdokdYtokH;jyKxm;csufukdMunfhvQif '@m&Dpum;
rsm;ESifhaqGpOf rsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;twGuftenf;i,fomtusKd;
jyKEkdifaMumif;rSmxif&Sm;onf/ '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESifh aqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;
ukdaqG;aEG;jcif;onf jiif;ckHjcif;ukdomjzpfay:apcJhonf/ xkdtcsif;t&mtm;jzihf
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfukdrcsJUxGifEkdifyg/ '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESifhaqGpOfrsKd;quf
pm&if;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkutao;pdwfajymjyrxm;aomfvnf; 4if;wkdY
onfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfrSt&if;cHvmonfht&mr[kwf? vlom;wkdYxH
rSt&if;cHvmaomt&mrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSmaocsmonf/
tcef;i,f(4)wGif bk&m;ocif\omoemawmfukdjyKpkjcif;onf ]],kHMunf
jcif;tm;jzihf}} jzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjyxm;cJhonf/ þtcsuf
rSmtvGefta&;ygonf/ þvGJrSm;aomedó&nf;q&mrsm;onf vufawGYb0\
trSefw&m;rsm;ukd4if;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd4if;?
rdrdwkdY\ukd,fykdifqifjcifwkHw&m;rsm;jzifh em;vnfzkdYBudK;pm;aecJhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvf
rsm;onf vkd&if;ukdvGJacsmfaeMuaMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjycJhonf/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom&,l&efvkdtyfaom bk&m;ocifESifhywfoufonfht&m
rsm;&Sdygonf/
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wkdYem;vnfzkdY BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ okdYaomf uREkfyfwkdY\qifjcifwkHw&m;jzifh rajz&Sif;
Ekdifaomt&mrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifuuREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzihf ukd;pm;Mu
&efqifhac:xm;onf/ þuJhokdYOmPftajrmftjrifESifh aqG;aEG;jcif;rsKd;pkHütcsdefukef
vlyef;vsufvrf;aysmufaeMuaomolrsm;pGm {zufNrdKUü&SdaecJhonf/ xkdt&mrsm;
ukdolwkdYtajctwifaqG;aEG;cJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü,kHMunfjcif;r&SdcJhaomaMumifh
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« 124 »« 123 »
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aomtqkH;r&SdaqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;ü pdwfygroGm;zkdYESifhbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufcHzkdYowday;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUü oljyKvkyf&rnfhtrIawmfrSm
cspfjcif;arwåmESifhpyfqkdifaom trIawmfjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf(i,f 5)/ þvTJrSm;
aomedó&nf;q&mrsm;rSm tawG;tac:aumif;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwkdYonfrnfokdYqifajcay;í rnfokdYjiif;ckef&rnfukdodMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü
bk&m;ocifukdcspfjcif;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukdcspfjcif;r&Sdyg/ olwkdYonftjiif;yGm;
zG,ftaMumif;t&mrsm;ukdzefwD;NyD; a&mufav&m&müvnf; jyóemrsm;pGmukd
jzpfapcJhMuonf/
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rSvmaom cspfjcif;arwåmjzpfaMumif; wdarmaoukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmonf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfvkyfaqmifcsuftm;jzihfxGuf
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o[m,zGJYjcif;ukdom tvGefawmifhwaompdwfESvkH;rS4if;? rnfonfhenf;vrf;
ESifhrqkdbk&m;ocifukd emcHwwfjcif;rS4if;? a&muf&Sdvmaomcspfjcif;arwåm
jzpfonf/ xkdcspfjcif;arwåmonf rSefaom,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ bmoma&;
,kHMunfrIukdtjyifyef;tm;jzihfom vkyfaqmifMuaomol tajrmuftjrm;&Sdonf/
olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;rSm bk&m;ocifESifha0;uGmvSonf/ &SifaygvkutwGif;
tjyifwpfckvkH; jzLpifaomolwkdYukdajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\pdwf&if;rSm ½kd;om;
rI&Sdonf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rSm bk&m;ocifESifhoifhwifh vsuf&Sdonf/
{zufNrdKUwGif vlYt,ltqrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;taMumif;ukd
ajymqkdaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYonfta&;rygt&mra&mufaomudpörsm;ukd
tao;pdwfpum;&nfvkjiif;ckefaecJhMuonf/ olwkdYtxJrSvlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;\
qifjcifpOf;pm;EkdifpGrf;ESifh jiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;wkdYrSm tm;usavmufzG,fjzpfcJhrnf[k
uREkfyfcefYrSef;rdonf/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd olvkyfaqmif&rnfhtrI
awmf\&nf&G,fcsufrSm t,l0g'rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pum;Ekdifvkjiif;ckefEkdifaom
olrsm;ukd azmfxkwfzefwD;zkdYr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomol? ESvkH;om;pifMu,f
aomol? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvifjcif;&Sdaomol? ½kd;om;jzLpifaom
,kHMunfjcif;&Sdaomolrsm;ukd azmfxkwfzefwD;&efjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/
{zufNrdKUüawGYMuKHaea&aom pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rSmbk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwåmESifhvGJí vrf;aysmufoGm;aprnfh pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/
tusKd;tjrwfr&Sdaom tcsnftESD;jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGif vltrsm;pdwfygoGm;
Muonf/ ynwfcsufrsm;? bk&m;ocif\jy|mef;xm;csufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í
jiif;ckefjcif;ukdESpfoufolrsm;&SdcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\qifjcifokH;oyfcsufrsm;rSm
aumif;rGefvSaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkurlwdarmaotm; olwkdYonfrdrdwdkYajymaom
t&mukdrodem;rvnfMu[kajymcJhonf (i,f 7)/
tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ynwfw&m;ukdrSefuefpGm
&,ltouf&SifvQif xdkynwfw&m;onf tusKd;ukday;wwfonf[kajymcJhonf/
xkdynwfw&m;onfbk&m;ocif &nf&G,fxm;onfhtwkdif;toufr&Sifaom
olrsm;ukdtjypf&SdaMumif; azmfjy&efzefwD;xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f
(9)ESifh(10)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ynwfw&m;onf ykefuefwwfaom
olESifhbk&m;ukdraMumufaomolrsm;ukd rnfokdYjypfwif½Iwfcsxm;aMumif;ukd
« 126 »« 125 »
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aomtqkH;r&SdaqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;ü pdwfygroGm;zkdYESifhbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfukd,kHMunfjcif;jzihf vufcHzkdYowday;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;{zufNrdKUü oljyKvkyf&rnfhtrIawmfrSm
cspfjcif;arwåmESifhpyfqkdifaom trIawmfjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf(i,f 5)/ þvTJrSm;
aomedó&nf;q&mrsm;rSm tawG;tac:aumif;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwkdYonfrnfokdYqifajcay;í rnfokdYjiif;ckef&rnfukdodMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü
bk&m;ocifukdcspfjcif;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukdcspfjcif;r&Sdyg/ olwkdYonftjiif;yGm;
zG,ftaMumif;t&mrsm;ukdzefwD;NyD; a&mufav&m&müvnf; jyóemrsm;pGmukd
jzpfapcJhMuonf/
&Sifaygvkrdrdajymqkdaeaom cspfjcif;arwåmonfpifMu,faomESvkH;om;
rSvmaom cspfjcif;arwåmjzpfaMumif; wdarmaoukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhonf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmonf bk&m;ocif\wefckd;awmfvkyfaqmifcsuftm;jzihfxGuf
ay:vmaomt&mjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&vQif þcspfjcif;arwåmonf
bk&m;ocifESifh oifhwifhaomqufqH&if;ESD;rIrS4if;? xkdbk&m;ocifESifhomrdwf
o[m,zGJYjcif;ukdom tvGefawmifhwaompdwfESvkH;rS4if;? rnfonfhenf;vrf;
ESifhrqkdbk&m;ocifukd emcHwwfjcif;rS4if;? a&muf&Sdvmaomcspfjcif;arwåm
jzpfonf/ xkdcspfjcif;arwåmonf rSefaom,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ bmoma&;
,kHMunfrIukdtjyifyef;tm;jzihfom vkyfaqmifMuaomol tajrmuftjrm;&Sdonf/
olwkdY\ESvkH;om;rsm;rSm bk&m;ocifESifha0;uGmvSonf/ &SifaygvkutwGif;
tjyifwpfckvkH; jzLpifaomolwkdYukdajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdY\pdwf&if;rSm ½kd;om;
rI&Sdonf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rSm bk&m;ocifESifhoifhwifh vsuf&Sdonf/
{zufNrdKUwGif vlYt,ltqrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm;taMumif;ukd
ajymqkdaeaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ olwkdYonfta&;rygt&mra&mufaomudpörsm;ukd
tao;pdwfpum;&nfvkjiif;ckefaecJhMuonf/ olwkdYtxJrSvlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;\
qifjcifpOf;pm;EkdifpGrf;ESifh jiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;wkdYrSm tm;usavmufzG,fjzpfcJhrnf[k
uREkfyfcefYrSef;rdonf/ okdYaomf &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd olvkyfaqmif&rnfhtrI
awmf\&nf&G,fcsufrSm t,l0g'rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pum;Ekdifvkjiif;ckefEkdifaom
olrsm;ukd azmfxkwfzefwD;zkdYr[kwf? bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomol? ESvkH;om;pifMu,f
aomol? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvifjcif;&Sdaomol? ½kd;om;jzLpifaom
,kHMunfjcif;&Sdaomolrsm;ukd azmfxkwfzefwD;&efjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/
{zufNrdKUüawGYMuKHaea&aom pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rSmbk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwåmESifhvGJí vrf;aysmufoGm;aprnfh pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/
tusKd;tjrwfr&Sdaom tcsnftESD;jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGif vltrsm;pdwfygoGm;
Muonf/ ynwfcsufrsm;? bk&m;ocif\jy|mef;xm;csufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í
jiif;ckefjcif;ukdESpfoufolrsm;&SdcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\qifjcifokH;oyfcsufrsm;rSm
aumif;rGefvSaomfvnf; &Sifaygvkurlwdarmaotm; olwkdYonfrdrdwdkYajymaom
t&mukdrodem;rvnfMu[kajymcJhonf (i,f 7)/
tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ynwfw&m;ukdrSefuefpGm
&,ltouf&SifvQif xdkynwfw&m;onf tusKd;ukday;wwfonf[kajymcJhonf/
xkdynwfw&m;onfbk&m;ocif &nf&G,fxm;onfhtwkdif;toufr&Sifaom
olrsm;ukdtjypf&SdaMumif; azmfjy&efzefwD;xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f
(9)ESifh(10)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ynwfw&m;onf ykefuefwwfaom
olESifhbk&m;ukdraMumufaomolrsm;ukd rnfokdYjypfwif½Iwfcsxm;aMumif;ukd
« 126 »« 125 »
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ajymjycJhonf/ ynwfw&m;onf rw&m;ojzihfusihfaomol? bk&m;ukdrukd;uG,f
aomol? vltoufukdowfaomol? rw&m;azmufjyefjcif;t&mtm;vkH;ukd
jypfwif½Iwfcsxm;onf/ xkdYtjyif vlukdckd;oGm;aomol(aus;uRefa&mif;0,fjcif;
ukdjyKvkyfaomol)? rkom;pum;ukdokH;aomol? r[kwfrrSefbJusdefqkdaomolwkdYukd
vnf;qefYusifxm;onf/ ynwfw&m;onf tjypfukdazmfxkwfítrSefaomt&m
rsm;ukdoGefoifay;onf/
&Sifaygvkonfynwfw&m;ukdqefYusifí tqkd;jrif0g'jzihfajymaeonf
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf ynwfw&m;ukd4if;? xkdynwfw&m;\qkdvkd&if;&nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;ukd4if; wvGJteufzGifhaeMuaom olrsm;{zufNrdKUü&SdaecJhaomaMumifh xkdodkY
ajymcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdolwkdYonfynwfw&m;ukdtokH;jyKí vlwkdYukdocifc&pf
awmftxHokdY aqmifMuOfMu&rnfhtpm; xkdynwfw&m;ukdt,l0g'? pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;ESifhOya'orsm;tjzpfokdYom avsmhcsypfcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½I\acwf
umv&Sdzm&Sd&SJrsm;uJhokdYyif olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmryg yJynwfcsufrsm;ukd wif;
wif;MuyfMuyfvkdufavQmufMuzkdYom oGefoifay;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYt"duxm;aom
t&mrSm bk&m;ocifukdpifMu,faomESvkH;? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvif
jcif;? ½kd;om;jzLpifaom,kHMunfjcif;wkdYtm;jzihf cspfzkdYr[kwfcJhyg/ olwkdYt"duxm;
aomt&mrSmpmrsm;? ayrsm;? t,l0g'rsm;ESifh aexkdif&SifoefykHwkdYü omjzpfonf/
olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfukdcGJjcrf;&ef ynwfw&m;ukdtokH;jyK
aecJhMuonf/ vlwkdYukdxdef;csKyfxm;&efESifh pkd;rkd;jc,fvS,f&ef ynwfw&m;ukd
tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfESifhqufqH&if;ESD;rIukd tm;ay;tm;
ajr§mufrjyKMubJ &SifoefaexkdifykH[efyefukdom tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf bmoma&;ESifhqufEG,faom vIyf&Sm;wuf<urIrsm;ESifh xm0&bk&m;
ociftm; tepfemcHjr§KyfESHay;qyfrIrsm;ukd tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKcJhMuonf/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;ukdMunfhvQif wdarmaovkyfaqmif&rnfhtrIawmfrSm
{zuf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifukdcspfvmzkdYESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd
cspfvmzkdYaphaqmfwkdufwGef;&efjzpfaMumif; rSmxif&Sm;onf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;
onf rSefuefaomt,l0g'? oifhwifhaomaexkdifrI[efyefESifh wdusaomaqGpOf
rsKd;qufpm&if;ESifhykdíywfoufaeonf/ bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomcspfjcif;arwåmukd
qkH;½IH;vufvGwf&awmhrnftEÅ&m,fESifh olwkdY&ifqkdifae&onf/ þae&mwGif
ocifbk&m;u Asm'dwf 2;1-5 &Sd{zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfukd a&;om;ay;cJhonfh
t&mESifh &SifaygvkukdajymjycJhonfht&mrSm wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaeonf/
(2;1){zufNrdKUü&Sdaomtoif;awmf\wrefukd þokdYa&;írSmvkdufavmh/
vufsmvufüMu,fckESpfvkH;ukdukdifí a&TrD;cGufckESpfvkH;tv,füoGm;vm
aomol\trdefYawmfum; oiftusihfusifhjcif;? yifyef;pGmvkyfaqmifjcif;?
onf;cHjcif;ukdigod\/ (2)oifonfrw&m;aomolwkdYukd vufrcHEkdif
aMumif;ukd4if;? wrefawmfr[kwfbJ wrefawmfjzpfa,mifaqmifaom
olwkdYukdppfaq;í vSnfhjzm;aomoljzpfonf[kodaMumif;ukd4if;? (3)cwåD
ESifhjynfhpkHí ig\emraMumifhqif;&JcHí tm;ravsmhaMumif;ukd4if;igod\/
(4)okdYaomfvnf; oifonfa&S;OD;pGmaomcspfjcif;arwåmavsmhNyD[koifü
tjypfwifp&m&Sd\/ (5)xkdYaMumifh oifonfra&GUavsmhrD t&ifae&mt&yf
ukdatmufarhavmh/ aemifw&avmh/ a&S;OD;pGmaomtusifhukdusifhavmh?
okdYr[kwf oif&Sd&mokdYigtvsiftjrefvmrnf? aemifwr&vQifoif\rD;
cGufukdae&mrSa&GUrnf/
« 128 »« 127 »
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ajymjycJhonf/ ynwfw&m;onf rw&m;ojzihfusihfaomol? bk&m;ukdrukd;uG,f
aomol? vltoufukdowfaomol? rw&m;azmufjyefjcif;t&mtm;vkH;ukd
jypfwif½Iwfcsxm;onf/ xkdYtjyif vlukdckd;oGm;aomol(aus;uRefa&mif;0,fjcif;
ukdjyKvkyfaomol)? rkom;pum;ukdokH;aomol? r[kwfrrSefbJusdefqkdaomolwkdYukd
vnf;qefYusifxm;onf/ ynwfw&m;onf tjypfukdazmfxkwfítrSefaomt&m
rsm;ukdoGefoifay;onf/
&Sifaygvkonfynwfw&m;ukdqefYusifí tqkd;jrif0g'jzihfajymaeonf
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf ynwfw&m;ukd4if;? xkdynwfw&m;\qkdvkd&if;&nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;ukd4if; wvGJteufzGifhaeMuaom olrsm;{zufNrdKUü&SdaecJhaomaMumifh xkdodkY
ajymcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdolwkdYonfynwfw&m;ukdtokH;jyKí vlwkdYukdocifc&pf
awmftxHokdY aqmifMuOfMu&rnfhtpm; xkdynwfw&m;ukdt,l0g'? pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;ESifhOya'orsm;tjzpfokdYom avsmhcsypfcJhMuonf/ ocifa,½I\acwf
umv&Sdzm&Sd&SJrsm;uJhokdYyif olwkdYonfcspfjcif;arwåmryg yJynwfcsufrsm;ukd wif;
wif;MuyfMuyfvkdufavQmufMuzkdYom oGefoifay;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYt"duxm;aom
t&mrSm bk&m;ocifukdpifMu,faomESvkH;? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvif
jcif;? ½kd;om;jzLpifaom,kHMunfjcif;wkdYtm;jzihf cspfzkdYr[kwfcJhyg/ olwkdYt"duxm;
aomt&mrSmpmrsm;? ayrsm;? t,l0g'rsm;ESifh aexkdif&SifoefykHwkdYü omjzpfonf/
olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mawmfukdcGJjcrf;&ef ynwfw&m;ukdtokH;jyK
aecJhMuonf/ vlwkdYukdxdef;csKyfxm;&efESifh pkd;rkd;jc,fvS,f&ef ynwfw&m;ukd
tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf ocifc&pfawmfESifhqufqH&if;ESD;rIukd tm;ay;tm;
ajr§mufrjyKMubJ &SifoefaexkdifykH[efyefukdom tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKcJhMuonf/
olwkdYonf bmoma&;ESifhqufEG,faom vIyf&Sm;wuf<urIrsm;ESifh xm0&bk&m;
ociftm; tepfemcHjr§KyfESHay;qyfrIrsm;ukd tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKcJhMuonf/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;ukdMunfhvQif wdarmaovkyfaqmif&rnfhtrIawmfrSm
{zuf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; bk&m;ocifukdcspfvmzkdYESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd
cspfvmzkdYaphaqmfwkdufwGef;&efjzpfaMumif; rSmxif&Sm;onf/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;
onf rSefuefaomt,l0g'? oifhwifhaomaexkdifrI[efyefESifh wdusaomaqGpOf
rsKd;qufpm&if;ESifhykdíywfoufaeonf/ bk&m;ocifukdcspfaomcspfjcif;arwåmukd
qkH;½IH;vufvGwf&awmhrnftEÅ&m,fESifh olwkdY&ifqkdifae&onf/ þae&mwGif
ocifbk&m;u Asm'dwf 2;1-5 &Sd{zufNrdKU&Sdtoif;awmfukd a&;om;ay;cJhonfh
t&mESifh &SifaygvkukdajymjycJhonfht&mrSm wpfxyfwnf;jzpfaeonf/
(2;1){zufNrdKUü&Sdaomtoif;awmf\wrefukd þokdYa&;írSmvkdufavmh/
vufsmvufüMu,fckESpfvkH;ukdukdifí a&TrD;cGufckESpfvkH;tv,füoGm;vm
aomol\trdefYawmfum; oiftusihfusifhjcif;? yifyef;pGmvkyfaqmifjcif;?
onf;cHjcif;ukdigod\/ (2)oifonfrw&m;aomolwkdYukd vufrcHEkdif
aMumif;ukd4if;? wrefawmfr[kwfbJ wrefawmfjzpfa,mifaqmifaom
olwkdYukdppfaq;í vSnfhjzm;aomoljzpfonf[kodaMumif;ukd4if;? (3)cwåD
ESifhjynfhpkHí ig\emraMumifhqif;&JcHí tm;ravsmhaMumif;ukd4if;igod\/
(4)okdYaomfvnf; oifonfa&S;OD;pGmaomcspfjcif;arwåmavsmhNyD[koifü
tjypfwifp&m&Sd\/ (5)xkdYaMumifh oifonfra&GUavsmhrD t&ifae&mt&yf
ukdatmufarhavmh/ aemifw&avmh/ a&S;OD;pGmaomtusifhukdusifhavmh?
okdYr[kwf oif&Sd&mokdYigtvsiftjrefvmrnf? aemifwr&vQifoif\rD;
cGufukdae&mrSa&GUrnf/
« 128 »« 127 »
ouf
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{zuftoif;awmfonf trIawmfukdaqmifjcif;ü4if;? or®mw&m;ü4if;?
onf;cHjcif;ü4if; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü&SdcJhonfha&S;OD;pGmaom
cspfjcif;arwåmukd qkH;½IH;cJhMuonf/ c&pf,mefbmomqkdonfrSm t,l0g'ukd
t"duxm;í tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufvkyfonfhbmomr[kwfyg/ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
rsm;ESifhenf;Oya'xkH;pHrsm;vnf;r[kwfyg/ c&pf,mefbmomqkdonfrSm ocif
c&pfawmfESifhykdíeufeJaom qufqH&if;ESD;xJodYkwkd;0ifjcif;omjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
\omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü ,kHMunfrIt,l0g'rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í olwpfyg;ESifhpum;
&nfvkjiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;&Sdaomolrsm;ukd arG;xkwfay;EkdifMuygaomfvnf; xkdolwkdY
onfocifbk&m;ukdtrSefuw,fcspfMuygovm;/ olwkdYonftrSefw&m;ukdodMu
ygaomfvnf; xkdtrSefw&m;ü&SifoefMuygovm;/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfh
t&mukd em;vnfoabmaygufMuaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;&SdMuyghrvm;/
{zuftoif;awmfonf t,l0g'rsm;ESifh aexkdifykH[efyefwkdYukdtav;
xm;aom bmoma&;orm;rsm;\ xkd;ESufwkdufckdufjcif;ukdcHcJh&ygonf/ olwkdY
onfqifjcifawG;ac:EkdifpGrf;ESifh jiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;&Sdaomedó&nf;q&mrsm;\
jzm;a,mif;aESmifh,Sufjcif;ukdcHaecJh&ygonf/olwkdYtm;cspfjcif;arwåmukdt&if;cHí
ocifbk&m;twGuf &SifoefMuzkdYoGefoifay;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmao ukdap
vTwfcJhygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvkonfwdarmaotm; {zufNrdKUürnfokdYaom jyóemrsm;ukdajz
&Sif;apvkdcJhygoenf;/
omoemvkyfief;ü rnfokdYaom&nfrSef;csufukdcsrSwfzkdY &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdajymcJhygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuftm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;
vnfxm;&efrSmta&;BuD;ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifESifhuREkfyfwkdY\qufqH
&if;ESD;rIwGif,kHMunfjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
]]or®mw&m;ukdodjcif;}} ESifh ]]or®mw&m;ü&Sifoefjcif;}} wkdY\uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufrSmtb,fenf;/
ocifbk&m;ukdcspfaomaMumifhr[kwf? rSefuefaom t,l0g'oufouf
twGufw&m;a[mjcif;? oGefoifay;jcif;wkdYrSmjzpfygovm;/
ocifa,½Iukdoifcspfygovm; (okdY) oifESifhocifa,½I\ qufqH&if;ESD;
rIrSm t,l0g'ESifhtpOftvm xkH;"Houfoufomjzpfaeygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JpdwfESvkH;pifMu,frI&Sd r&Sdukd4if;? oifhukdoifodaom pdwfMunfvif
rI&Sd r&Sdukd4if;? oif,kHMunfjcif; ½kdom;jzLpifrI &Sd r&Sdukd4if; awGYjrifEkdifzkdY
oifhukdppfaMum&efbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifem;rvnfEkdifaomtcgüyif olYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdif&efoifhtm;
,kHMunfjcif;ukday;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
cspfjcif;arwåmrygbJ or®mw&m;ukda[majyma0iScJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf ocifbk&m;txHü cGifhvTwfay;zkdYukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifukd4if;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd4if; ykdícspfvmEkdifzkdYxkdcspfjcif;
arwåmukdoifhtxJüjznfhwif;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 130 »« 129 »
ouf
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{zuftoif;awmfonf trIawmfukdaqmifjcif;ü4if;? or®mw&m;ü4if;?
onf;cHjcif;ü4if; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYü&SdcJhonfha&S;OD;pGmaom
cspfjcif;arwåmukd qkH;½IH;cJhMuonf/ c&pf,mefbmomqkdonfrSm t,l0g'ukd
t"duxm;í tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufvkyfonfhbmomr[kwfyg/ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
rsm;ESifhenf;Oya'xkH;pHrsm;vnf;r[kwfyg/ c&pf,mefbmomqkdonfrSm ocif
c&pfawmfESifhykdíeufeJaom qufqH&if;ESD;xJodYkwkd;0ifjcif;omjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
\omoemvkyfief;rsm;ü ,kHMunfrIt,l0g'rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í olwpfyg;ESifhpum;
&nfvkjiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;&Sdaomolrsm;ukd arG;xkwfay;EkdifMuygaomfvnf; xkdolwkdY
onfocifbk&m;ukdtrSefuw,fcspfMuygovm;/ olwkdYonftrSefw&m;ukdodMu
ygaomfvnf; xkdtrSefw&m;ü&SifoefMuygovm;/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfh
t&mukd em;vnfoabmaygufMuaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;&SdMuyghrvm;/
{zuftoif;awmfonf t,l0g'rsm;ESifh aexkdifykH[efyefwkdYukdtav;
xm;aom bmoma&;orm;rsm;\ xkd;ESufwkdufckdufjcif;ukdcHcJh&ygonf/ olwkdY
onfqifjcifawG;ac:EkdifpGrf;ESifh jiif;ckefEkdifpGrf;&Sdaomedó&nf;q&mrsm;\
jzm;a,mif;aESmifh,Sufjcif;ukdcHaecJh&ygonf/olwkdYtm;cspfjcif;arwåmukdt&if;cHí
ocifbk&m;twGuf &SifoefMuzkdYoGefoifay;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmao ukdap
vTwfcJhygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvkonfwdarmaotm; {zufNrdKUürnfokdYaom jyóemrsm;ukdajz
&Sif;apvkdcJhygoenf;/
omoemvkyfief;ü rnfokdYaom&nfrSef;csufukdcsrSwfzkdY &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdajymcJhygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuftm;vkH;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;
vnfxm;&efrSmta&;BuD;ygovm;/ bk&m;ocifESifhuREkfyfwkdY\qufqH
&if;ESD;rIwGif,kHMunfjcif;\ tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
]]or®mw&m;ukdodjcif;}} ESifh ]]or®mw&m;ü&Sifoefjcif;}} wkdY\uGJjym;jcm;em;
csufrSmtb,fenf;/
ocifbk&m;ukdcspfaomaMumifhr[kwf? rSefuefaom t,l0g'oufouf
twGufw&m;a[mjcif;? oGefoifay;jcif;wkdYrSmjzpfygovm;/
ocifa,½Iukdoifcspfygovm; (okdY) oifESifhocifa,½I\ qufqH&if;ESD;
rIrSm t,l0g'ESifhtpOftvm xkH;"Houfoufomjzpfaeygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JpdwfESvkH;pifMu,frI&Sd r&Sdukd4if;? oifhukdoifodaom pdwfMunfvif
rI&Sd r&Sdukd4if;? oif,kHMunfjcif; ½kdom;jzLpifrI &Sd r&Sdukd4if; awGYjrifEkdifzkdY
oifhukdppfaMum&efbk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oifem;rvnfEkdifaomtcgüyif olYukd,kHMunfukd;pm;Ekdif&efoifhtm;
,kHMunfjcif;ukday;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
cspfjcif;arwåmrygbJ or®mw&m;ukda[majyma0iScJhaomtcsdefrsm;
twGuf ocifbk&m;txHü cGifhvTwfay;zkdYukdawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifukd4if;? bk&m;ocif\vlwkdYukd4if; ykdícspfvmEkdifzkdYxkdcspfjcif;
arwåmukdoifhtxJüjznfhwif;&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
« 130 »« 129 »
ouf
ooooo
oifvkyforQaomt&mtm;vkH;onf xkdcspfjcif;arwåmrSpD;usvmaom
t&mrsm;jzpfapzkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
13
&Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf
1 wd 1;12-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvk\toufwm&Sd tHtm;oifhp&mt&mrsm;teufwpfckrSmol
onf rdrdu,fwifjcif;\tHhzG,ftcsif;t&mukd b,fawmhrQrarhavsmhcJhonfh
tjzpfyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu olukdomoemawmfütokH;jyK&ef qkH;jzwfcJhrI
tay: xkdbk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü tHhMovsuf&Sdae&onf/ bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfukdaqmif&aom tcGifhta&;twGuf &SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;
wifírqkH;jzpfae&onf/
tcef;i,f(12)wGif olYukdocifa,½Iuopöm&Sdaomol tjzpfowfrSwfí
wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpfESifh tapcH&efa&G;aumufcefYtyfaomaMumifh tb,frQ
aus;Zl;Oyum&wif&SdaMumif;ukdajymcJhonf/ olYukda&G;aumufcefYtyfcJhaom
aMumifhom aus;Zl;wifonfr[kwf/ olYukdwefckd;tmPmay;í cGeftm;ESifhjynfhpkH
apcJhaomaMumifhvnf;aus;Zl;wifcJhonf/ rnfonfht&mukdvkyfaqmifzkdY bk&m;
ocifuoihfukdqifhac:cJhygoenf;/ rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus; Zl;tm;oihfukday;
tyfcJhygoenf;/ þuJhokdYaomtrIawmfukdoifhütyfESHxm;NyD; bkef;awmftwGuf
xkdtrIawmfukdvkyfaqmif&müvnf; wefckd;tmPmwkdYukday;tyfvkdaeonfhtjzpf
ukdoifpOf;pm;okH;oyfaomtcg oifhpdwfESvkH;üaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;ESifh
jynfhvsHvsuf&Sdaeygovm;/
ocifbk&m;ukd&Sifaygvktxl;wvnfaus;Zl;wifcsifonfh taMumif;rSm
þenf;vrf;jzihf trIawmfaqmifzkdYqifhac:&efrSm rdrdESifhrxkdufwefaomtjzpfudk
« 131 »
ouf
ooooo
oifvkyforQaomt&mtm;vkH;onf xkdcspfjcif;arwåmrSpD;usvmaom
t&mrsm;jzpfapzkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
13
&Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf
1 wd 1;12-19 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvk\toufwm&Sd tHtm;oifhp&mt&mrsm;teufwpfckrSmol
onf rdrdu,fwifjcif;\tHhzG,ftcsif;t&mukd b,fawmhrQrarhavsmhcJhonfh
tjzpfyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifu olukdomoemawmfütokH;jyK&ef qkH;jzwfcJhrI
tay: xkdbk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfü tHhMovsuf&Sdae&onf/ bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfukdaqmif&aom tcGifhta&;twGuf &SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;
wifírqkH;jzpfae&onf/
tcef;i,f(12)wGif olYukdocifa,½Iuopöm&Sdaomol tjzpfowfrSwfí
wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpfESifh tapcH&efa&G;aumufcefYtyfaomaMumifh tb,frQ
aus;Zl;Oyum&wif&SdaMumif;ukdajymcJhonf/ olYukda&G;aumufcefYtyfcJhaom
aMumifhom aus;Zl;wifonfr[kwf/ olYukdwefckd;tmPmay;í cGeftm;ESifhjynfhpkH
apcJhaomaMumifhvnf;aus;Zl;wifcJhonf/ rnfonfht&mukdvkyfaqmifzkdY bk&m;
ocifuoihfukdqifhac:cJhygoenf;/ rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus; Zl;tm;oihfukday;
tyfcJhygoenf;/ þuJhokdYaomtrIawmfukdoifhütyfESHxm;NyD; bkef;awmftwGuf
xkdtrIawmfukdvkyfaqmif&müvnf; wefckd;tmPmwkdYukday;tyfvkdaeonfhtjzpf
ukdoifpOf;pm;okH;oyfaomtcg oifhpdwfESvkH;üaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;ESifh
jynfhvsHvsuf&Sdaeygovm;/
ocifbk&m;ukd&Sifaygvktxl;wvnfaus;Zl;wifcsifonfh taMumif;rSm
þenf;vrf;jzihf trIawmfaqmifzkdYqifhac:&efrSm rdrdESifhrxkdufwefaomtjzpfudk
« 131 »
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ukdvnf;n§if;qJcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\trnfemrukd c&pf,mefrsm;uusdefqJMuzkdY
t"r®vkyfaqmif&efBudK;yrf;cJhaom Murf;MuKwfonfhyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf (wrefawmf
26;11)/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifuolYtxHü tHzG,fu½kPmawmfukdjyocJhonf/
tb,fhaMumihfqdkaomfrSm &SifaygvkonfrdrdbmvkyfaeonfukdrodbJ ,kHMunf
jcif;r&Sdvsufvkyf aqmifaecJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
rdrdwkdY\vkyf&yfukdem;rvnfbJ olYtm;um;wkdifwifí owfcJhaomolrsm;
ukdcGifhvTwfay;zkdYocifa,½Iu tzbk&m;xHüqkawmif;cJhonf(vkum 23;34)/
r,kHMunfíaomf4if;? em;rvnfíaomf4if; vkyfcJhaomvkyf&yfrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;tjrJ&Sdaeygonf/ &Sifaygvktay:ü u½kPmw&m;ukdjyocJh
&jcif;rSm &Sifaygvkrdrd\vkyf&yfukd em;rvnfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þtcsif;
t&mtm;jzihf &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukd,kHMunfapvdkaomtcsufrSmor®mw&m;
ukdodvsufESifh tjypf'kp½kdufukdwrif&nf&G,fí jyKvkyfusL;vGefaeaomolwkdYtzkdY
cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;&Sd? r&SdukdtmrcHEkdifrnfr[kwf[laom tcsufyifjzpfonf/
a[jAJ 10;26-27 ü pma&;olurnfokdYa&;om;cJhonfukd okH;oyfMunhfyg/
or®mw&m;ukdodNyD;rS ukd,ftvkdokdYvkdufí jypfrSm;jyefvQif aemufwpfzef
tjypfajzaom ,ZfukdylaZmf&eftcGifhr&SdbJ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ukdcH&rnf[k
aMumufrufzG,faomarQmfvifh&aomtaMumif;? jiif;qefaomolwkdYukd
zsufqD;zkdY&m trsufawmfrD;avmifjcif;ukd cH&aomtaMumif;&Sd\/
or®mw&m;ukdodvsuf xkdor®mw&m;ukdausmckdif;xm;&efrSm jzpfEkdifacs&Sd
aomt&mjzpfonf/ rodem;rvnfí vkyfrdaomvkyf&yfrSmwrsKd;jzpfí uREkfyfwkdY
odxm;aomor®mw&m;ukdqefYusifí ykefuefwwfaomvkyf&yfrSm aemufwpfrsKd;
jzpfonf/ r,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm;onf rodem;rvnfívkyfaeMujcif;jzpf
onf/ olwkdYonfor®mw&m;ukd ½kd;om;pGmem;rvnfíom þokdYvkyfMujcif;jzpf
onf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü rSefuefoifhwifonfht&mukd vkyfaeMuonf[k,kHMunf
Muonf/ okdYaomf owif;aumif;w&m;ukdMum;emí em;vnfoabmaygufaomf
vnf; xkdw&m;awmfüqufuyftyfESHzkdYjiif;qefaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf
or®mw&m;ukd qefYusifykefuefaeMuonf/ aemifw&zkdYbk&m;0dnmOfawmf\vuf
vSrf;qifhac:oHukdjiif;y,fMuonf/ rdrdwkdYü&Sdonfhwpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifhcsuf
ukdjiif;y,faomolwkdYrSm ysufqD;jcif;okdYoma&mufMu&ayrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\vkyf&yfrSm;,Gif;aMumif;ukdod&SdcJhaomtcg aemifw&
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; olYukdcGifhvTwfawmfrlNyD; xdxda&mufa&muftokH;jyK
cJhonf/ toif;awmfukdoln§if;qJcJhaomfvnf; þt&mukd rSefrSefuefuefoabm
raygufívkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf þt&mukdrodem;rvnfíomvkyf
cJhonf/
&Sifaygvkurdrdu,fwifjcif;ESihfywfoufí ukd,fhukdukd,frcsD;usL;cJhyg/
ueOD;ürdrdonfuJh&JUaomol?toif;awmfukdn§if;qJcJhaomoljzpfaMumif;&Sifaygvk
odcJhygonf/ tcef;i,f(14)wGif bk&m;ocifuolYtay:ü aus;Zl;awmfukdvsHy,f
vsufoGef;avmif;ay;cJhaMumif; wdarmaoukdajymjyxm;onf/ þokdYaomrsm;jym;
vSonfhaus;Zl;awmfukd rdrdtay:ütb,faMumifhbk&m;ocifoGef;avmif;cJhonf
ukd&Sifaygvk&Sif;rjyEkdifcJhyg/ okdYaomf xkdokdYaomtHhzG,ftjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf
&SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ociftay:ü aus;Zl;ta<u;rsm;wifcJhonf/ xkYdtjyif tcef;
i,f(14)wGif bk&m;ocifu&Sifaygvktay:ü ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhcspfjcif;wkdYukdvnf;
oGef;avmif;cJhaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku rdrdü&Sdaom,kHMunfjcif;onf
« 134 »« 133 »
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ukdvnf;n§if;qJcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\trnfemrukd c&pf,mefrsm;uusdefqJMuzkdY
t"r®vkyfaqmif&efBudK;yrf;cJhaom Murf;MuKwfonfhyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf (wrefawmf
26;11)/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifuolYtxHü tHzG,fu½kPmawmfukdjyocJhonf/
tb,fhaMumihfqdkaomfrSm &SifaygvkonfrdrdbmvkyfaeonfukdrodbJ ,kHMunf
jcif;r&Sdvsufvkyf aqmifaecJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
rdrdwkdY\vkyf&yfukdem;rvnfbJ olYtm;um;wkdifwifí owfcJhaomolrsm;
ukdcGifhvTwfay;zkdYocifa,½Iu tzbk&m;xHüqkawmif;cJhonf(vkum 23;34)/
r,kHMunfíaomf4if;? em;rvnfíaomf4if; vkyfcJhaomvkyf&yfrsm;twGuf
cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;tjrJ&Sdaeygonf/ &Sifaygvktay:ü u½kPmw&m;ukdjyocJh
&jcif;rSm &Sifaygvkrdrd\vkyf&yfukd em;rvnfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þtcsif;
t&mtm;jzihf &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukd,kHMunfapvdkaomtcsufrSmor®mw&m;
ukdodvsufESifh tjypf'kp½kdufukdwrif&nf&G,fí jyKvkyfusL;vGefaeaomolwkdYtzkdY
cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;&Sd? r&SdukdtmrcHEkdifrnfr[kwf[laom tcsufyifjzpfonf/
a[jAJ 10;26-27 ü pma&;olurnfokdYa&;om;cJhonfukd okH;oyfMunhfyg/
or®mw&m;ukdodNyD;rS ukd,ftvkdokdYvkdufí jypfrSm;jyefvQif aemufwpfzef
tjypfajzaom ,ZfukdylaZmf&eftcGifhr&SdbJ 'PfcwfpD&ifjcif;ukdcH&rnf[k
aMumufrufzG,faomarQmfvifh&aomtaMumif;? jiif;qefaomolwkdYukd
zsufqD;zkdY&m trsufawmfrD;avmifjcif;ukd cH&aomtaMumif;&Sd\/
or®mw&m;ukdodvsuf xkdor®mw&m;ukdausmckdif;xm;&efrSm jzpfEkdifacs&Sd
aomt&mjzpfonf/ rodem;rvnfí vkyfrdaomvkyf&yfrSmwrsKd;jzpfí uREkfyfwkdY
odxm;aomor®mw&m;ukdqefYusifí ykefuefwwfaomvkyf&yfrSm aemufwpfrsKd;
jzpfonf/ r,kHMunfoltajrmuftjrm;onf rodem;rvnfívkyfaeMujcif;jzpf
onf/ olwkdYonfor®mw&m;ukd ½kd;om;pGmem;rvnfíom þokdYvkyfMujcif;jzpf
onf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;ü rSefuefoifhwifonfht&mukd vkyfaeMuonf[k,kHMunf
Muonf/ okdYaomf owif;aumif;w&m;ukdMum;emí em;vnfoabmaygufaomf
vnf; xkdw&m;awmfüqufuyftyfESHzkdYjiif;qefaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf
or®mw&m;ukd qefYusifykefuefaeMuonf/ aemifw&zkdYbk&m;0dnmOfawmf\vuf
vSrf;qifhac:oHukdjiif;y,fMuonf/ rdrdwkdYü&Sdonfhwpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifhcsuf
ukdjiif;y,faomolwkdYrSm ysufqD;jcif;okdYoma&mufMu&ayrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\vkyf&yfrSm;,Gif;aMumif;ukdod&SdcJhaomtcg aemifw&
cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifuvnf; olYukdcGifhvTwfawmfrlNyD; xdxda&mufa&muftokH;jyK
cJhonf/ toif;awmfukdoln§if;qJcJhaomfvnf; þt&mukd rSefrSefuefuefoabm
raygufívkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf þt&mukdrodem;rvnfíomvkyf
cJhonf/
&Sifaygvkurdrdu,fwifjcif;ESihfywfoufí ukd,fhukdukd,frcsD;usL;cJhyg/
ueOD;ürdrdonfuJh&JUaomol?toif;awmfukdn§if;qJcJhaomoljzpfaMumif;&Sifaygvk
odcJhygonf/ tcef;i,f(14)wGif bk&m;ocifuolYtay:ü aus;Zl;awmfukdvsHy,f
vsufoGef;avmif;ay;cJhaMumif; wdarmaoukdajymjyxm;onf/ þokdYaomrsm;jym;
vSonfhaus;Zl;awmfukd rdrdtay:ütb,faMumifhbk&m;ocifoGef;avmif;cJhonf
ukd&Sifaygvk&Sif;rjyEkdifcJhyg/ okdYaomf xkdokdYaomtHhzG,ftjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf
&SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ociftay:ü aus;Zl;ta<u;rsm;wifcJhonf/ xkYdtjyif tcef;
i,f(14)wGif bk&m;ocifu&Sifaygvktay:ü ,kHMunfjcif;ESifhcspfjcif;wkdYukdvnf;
oGef;avmif;cJhaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ &Sifaygvku rdrdü&Sdaom,kHMunfjcif;onf
« 134 »« 133 »
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vsuf&Sdaom cspfjcif;arwåmrSmvnf; bk&m;ocifxHrSa&mufvmaom vufaqmif
wpfyg;yifjzpfonf/ rdrdcHpm;ae&aom,kHMunfjcif;ESifhcspfjcif;onf tjypfom;jzpf
aomrdrdyifukd,fobm0\ wpfpdwfwpfa'or[kwfaMumif;ukdodcJhonf/ t&m
tm;vkH;twGuf ocifbk&m;ukdta<u;qyfp&m&SdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\ u,fwif
jcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrS a&mufvmaomvufaqmif
rsm;omjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifu þokdYaomxkdufwefrIr&Sdonfhtjypfom;wpfa,mufukd
aumuf,lí rdrd0dnmOfawmfukdxkdol\txJü oGwfoGif;udef;0yfaponfhtjzpfukd
tjrJtHhMoaecJhonf/ tjypfom;rsm;ukdu,fwif&ef ocifa,½Ic&pfþavmuokdY
qif;<uawmfrlcJhonf [laomor®mw&m;ukd oHo,yGm;ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;rsKd;r&Sd
cJhyg/ þor®mw&m;\tHhzG,faumif;jcif;tjzpfukd b,fawmhrQrarhaysmufcJhyg/
þavmuü&Sdaom tjypfom;rsm;txJü rdrdonftqkd;0g;qkH; aomtjypfom;
jzpfaMumif;&SifaygvkodaecJhonf/ olonfocifbk&m;\ trIawmfukdzsufqD;
NzdKcGJzkdY twkdif;twmwpfcktxd vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ toif;awmfukdn§if;qJcJhonf/
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rnfonfhtcgurQrarhavsmhcJhyg/ oln§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhaomolwkdY\ rsufESmrsm;
ukdjrifa,mifowd&&if; wpfb0vkH;vkH;&SifoefoGm;cJhonf/
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'PfcwfpD&ifEkdifcJhygonf/ &Sifaygvkukdausmckdif;oGm;cJhEkdifygonf/ okdYaomf
xkdokdYjyKrnfhtpm; tHhzG,faompdwf&Snfjcif;ukdjyocJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
&SifaygvkukdcGifhvTwfcJhonf/ xkdokdYjyKjcif;tmjzihf tjcm;olrsm;üvnf;arQmfvifhcsuf
rsm;&SdvmcJhMuayrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf toif;awmfukduJhh&JUol? n§if;yef;ESdyfpufol
ukdyifu,fwifEkdifcJhvQif olonfrnfolukdrqkdu,fwifEkdifygonf/ &Sifaygvk\
oufaocHjcif;onf tb,frQaomolwkdYü cGeftm;opfrsm;ukdjzpfapcJhygoenf;/
&Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsufonf arQmfvifhjcif;ukday;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
tcufxefqkH;aomtjypfom;ukdyif vufurf;vSrf;í rdrdtxHyg;okdYaqmif,lEkdif
aMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf owday;xm;ygonf/
ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd qifjcif;pOf;pm;jcif;onf &Sifaygvk
twGuf aumif;csD;r*FvmjzpfcJhonf/ olYESvkH;om;ü csD;rGrf;jcif;? aus;Zl;Oyum&
wif&Sdjcif;wkdYESifhjynfhíaecJhonf/ tcef;i,f(17)wGif þcsD;rGrf;jcif;ukd&Sifaygvku
azmfjycJhonf/ olonfbk&m;ocifukdavmu"mwfwkdY\ xm0&bk&iftjzpf
ukd;uG,fcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/ xm0&bk&ifjzpfonfhtavsmuf ol\pkd;pHjcif;tmPmukd
tb,folurQolYxHrSvk,lEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf azmufjyefysufpD;
jcif;ESifhuif;vGwfawmfrlonf/ aojcif;ESifhvnf;vGwfuif;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm
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r&yg/ uREkfyfwkdYonfolYukdrawGYjrifEkdifaomfvnf; ,kHMunfukd;pm;íawmh&ygonf/
ol\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEkdifaomfvnf; olYukduREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfukd;
« 136 »« 135 »
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aomrdrdyifukd,fobm0\ wpfpdwfwpfa'or[kwfaMumif;ukdodcJhonf/ t&m
tm;vkH;twGuf ocifbk&m;ukdta<u;qyfp&m&SdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\ u,fwif
jcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;wkdYonf bk&m;ocifxHrS a&mufvmaomvufaqmif
rsm;omjzpfonf/
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aumuf,lí rdrd0dnmOfawmfukdxkdol\txJü oGwfoGif;udef;0yfaponfhtjzpfukd
tjrJtHhMoaecJhonf/ tjypfom;rsm;ukdu,fwif&ef ocifa,½Ic&pfþavmuokdY
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ukdjrifa,mifowd&&if; wpfb0vkH;vkH;&SifoefoGm;cJhonf/
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ukdyifu,fwifEkdifcJhvQif olonfrnfolukdrqkdu,fwifEkdifygonf/ &Sifaygvk\
oufaocHjcif;onf tb,frQaomolwkdYü cGeftm;opfrsm;ukdjzpfapcJhygoenf;/
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aMumif;ukd &Sifaygvk\oufaocHcsuf owday;xm;ygonf/
ocifa,½IjyKvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd qifjcif;pOf;pm;jcif;onf &Sifaygvk
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wif&Sdjcif;wkdYESifhjynfhíaecJhonf/ tcef;i,f(17)wGif þcsD;rGrf;jcif;ukd&Sifaygvku
azmfjycJhonf/ olonfbk&m;ocifukdavmu"mwfwkdY\ xm0&bk&iftjzpf
ukd;uG,fcsD;rGrf;cJhonf/ xm0&bk&ifjzpfonfhtavsmuf ol\pkd;pHjcif;tmPmukd
tb,folurQolYxHrSvk,lEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifonf azmufjyefysufpD;
jcif;ESifhuif;vGwfawmfrlonf/ aojcif;ESifhvnf;vGwfuif;onf/ qkdvkdonfrSm
olonfuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf tpOftjrJ&Sdaeonf[líjzpfonf/ rsufpdjzihfvnf;jrifí
r&yg/ uREkfyfwkdYonfolYukdrawGYjrifEkdifaomfvnf; ,kHMunfukd;pm;íawmh&ygonf/
ol\enf;vrf;rsm;ukd uREkfyfwkdYem;rvnfEkdifaomfvnf; olYukduREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfukd;
« 136 »« 135 »
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*kPfBuD;jcif;? csD;rGrf;jcif;? ukd;uG,fjcif;tm;vkH;ESifhxkdufwefygonf/ olonf
xm0&bk&ifjzpfaomfvnf; tqkd;qkH;aomtjypfom;udkvufurf;í vSrf;,l&if;
cspfjcif;arwåmukdjycJhonf/
þtcef;BuD;wGif &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;jyifqifí rukefEkdifaom
aqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;ESifh '@m&Dpum;rsm;ü vrf;vGJaeMuaomolwkdYukd
rnfodkYukdifwG,f&rnf[laom taMumif;t&mESifhywfoufí ajymjyaecJhygonf/
xkdolwkdYtm;pifMu,faompdwfESvkH;ESifh4if;? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvifjcif;
ESifh4if;? ½kd;om;jzLpifonfh ,kHMunfjcif;trSefESifh4if; bk&m;ocifukdcspfMu&ef
oGefoifqkH;ray;zkdY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdtoday;cJhonf/ rdrd\oufao
cHcsuf\qkdvkd&if;ukd &Sifaygvkxifxif&Sm;&Sm;o½kyfazmfjyocJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\
,kHMunfjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmfomjzpfonf/ &SifaygvktwGuf ocifc&pfonf
A[kdtcsKyftjcmjzpfonf/ t,l0g'oGefoifcsufrSm ta&;ygaomfvnf; ocif
a,½Iavmufta&;rygyg/ &Sifaygvk\pdwfukdvIyf&Sm;apaomt&mrSm ocif
a,½IuolYukdtb,frQcspfonf[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ tjyeftvSeftae
jzifh&Sifaygvk\ESvkH;om;wGif ocifc&pfawmfukd cspfaomcspfjcif;arwåmESifh
jynfhvsHíaecJhonf/ {zufNrdKU&SdoGefoifolq&mwkdYrSm t,l0g'oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifh
vkyfaqmifusifhMuHrIrsm;ukdom tav;xm;cJhMuonf/ ocifa,½Iukdcspfaom
cspfjcif;arwåm olwkdYücef;ajcmufaeonf/ {zuftoif;awmfü xkdokdYaomocif
c&pfawmfukdcspfonfhcspfjcif;arwåmukd jyefvnfvIYHaqmfay;&ef&Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olYukd&nfrSwfía[mcJhNyD;aom tem*wåd
pum;ESifh,SOfíwm0efwpf&yfukday;tyfxm;cJhaMumif; jyefvnftoday;jcif;tm;
jzihfþtykdif;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ þtem*wådpum;rsm;rSm rnfonfhtaMumif;
t&mrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukdrl ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/ okdYaomf 1 wd 4;13-14 wGif tem
*wådpum;tm;jzihf xl;jcm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd wdarmaovufcH&&SdcJh
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/
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Mo0g'ay;jcif;ukdBudK;pm;jyKavmh/ Asm'dwfawmfukdcHí oif;tkyfrsm;wkdY
onfvufwifjcif;ESifhwuG oifhütyfay;aompGrf;&nfaus;Zl;ukdrjyKpkbJ
raeESifh/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt& wdarmaoonf vuf&Sdvkyfukdifaqmif&Gufae
aomtrIawmfü xkdtem*wådpum;jynfhpkHvmaejcif;ukd½Ijrifae&onf/ xkdt&m
udpöüMuHhMuHhcH&yfwnfoGm;&ef wdarmaoukdcGeftm;ay; wkdufwGef;xm;onf/
wdarmaotm;&Sifaygvkpdefac:xm;csufrSm {zufNrdKU&Sdedó&nf;q&m
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\tcsnf;tESD;oufoufomjzpfaom aqG;aEG;jiif;ckHrIrsm;ukd
&yfwefYMuzkdYowday;&efjzpfonf/ olonfEIwfuywfawmfukdoGefoifay;í
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aom,kHMunfjcif;trSeftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifukdeufeufeJeJcspfjrwfEkd;vmMuzkdY
aqmifusOf;ay;&efjzpfonf/ þvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd vkdufemapmifhxdef;jcif;jzihf
aumif;aomppfwkdufEkdifrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdtoday;cJhonf/
wdarmaoonf,kHMunfjcif;üwnfí ukd,fhukdukd,fodaom pdwfMunfvifjcif;
jzifhomaumif;aomppfwkdufEkdifcJhygonf(i,f 19)/ {zufNrdKUüMuKHawGYae&aom
jyóemrSm tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf þt&mukdrsufuG,fjyKaecJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
« 138 »« 137 »
ouf
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*kPfBuD;jcif;? csD;rGrf;jcif;? ukd;uG,fjcif;tm;vkH;ESifhxkdufwefygonf/ olonf
xm0&bk&ifjzpfaomfvnf; tqkd;qkH;aomtjypfom;udkvufurf;í vSrf;,l&if;
cspfjcif;arwåmukdjycJhonf/
þtcef;BuD;wGif &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;jyifqifí rukefEkdifaom
aqGpOfrsKd;qufpm&if;rsm;ESifh '@m&Dpum;rsm;ü vrf;vGJaeMuaomolwkdYukd
rnfodkYukdifwG,f&rnf[laom taMumif;t&mESifhywfoufí ajymjyaecJhygonf/
xkdolwkdYtm;pifMu,faompdwfESvkH;ESifh4if;? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvifjcif;
ESifh4if;? ½kd;om;jzLpifonfh ,kHMunfjcif;trSefESifh4if; bk&m;ocifukdcspfMu&ef
oGefoifqkH;ray;zkdY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdtoday;cJhonf/ rdrd\oufao
cHcsuf\qkdvkd&if;ukd &Sifaygvkxifxif&Sm;&Sm;o½kyfazmfjyocJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\
,kHMunfjcif;onf ocifc&pfawmfomjzpfonf/ &SifaygvktwGuf ocifc&pfonf
A[kdtcsKyftjcmjzpfonf/ t,l0g'oGefoifcsufrSm ta&;ygaomfvnf; ocif
a,½Iavmufta&;rygyg/ &Sifaygvk\pdwfukdvIyf&Sm;apaomt&mrSm ocif
a,½IuolYukdtb,frQcspfonf[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ tjyeftvSeftae
jzifh&Sifaygvk\ESvkH;om;wGif ocifc&pfawmfukd cspfaomcspfjcif;arwåmESifh
jynfhvsHíaecJhonf/ {zufNrdKU&SdoGefoifolq&mwkdYrSm t,l0g'oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifh
vkyfaqmifusifhMuHrIrsm;ukdom tav;xm;cJhMuonf/ ocifa,½Iukdcspfaom
cspfjcif;arwåm olwkdYücef;ajcmufaeonf/ {zuftoif;awmfü xkdokdYaomocif
c&pfawmfukdcspfonfhcspfjcif;arwåmukd jyefvnfvIYHaqmfay;&ef&Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdtvkd&SdcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olYukd&nfrSwfía[mcJhNyD;aom tem*wåd
pum;ESifh,SOfíwm0efwpf&yfukday;tyfxm;cJhaMumif; jyefvnftoday;jcif;tm;
jzihfþtykdif;ukded*kH;csKyfxm;cJhonf/ þtem*wådpum;rsm;rSm rnfonfhtaMumif;
t&mrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukdrl ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/ okdYaomf 1 wd 4;13-14 wGif tem
*wådpum;tm;jzihf xl;jcm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd wdarmaovufcH&&SdcJh
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdYzwf½I&onf/
igrvmrDwkdifatmifusrf;pmzwfjcif;? wkdufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;? qkH;r
Mo0g'ay;jcif;ukdBudK;pm;jyKavmh/ Asm'dwfawmfukdcHí oif;tkyfrsm;wkdY
onfvufwifjcif;ESifhwuG oifhütyfay;aompGrf;&nfaus;Zl;ukdrjyKpkbJ
raeESifh/
&Sifaygvk\tqkdt& wdarmaoonf vuf&Sdvkyfukdifaqmif&Gufae
aomtrIawmfü xkdtem*wådpum;jynfhpkHvmaejcif;ukd½Ijrifae&onf/ xkdt&m
udpöüMuHhMuHhcH&yfwnfoGm;&ef wdarmaoukdcGeftm;ay; wkdufwGef;xm;onf/
wdarmaotm;&Sifaygvkpdefac:xm;csufrSm {zufNrdKU&Sdedó&nf;q&m
rsm;tm; 4if;wkdY\tcsnf;tESD;oufoufomjzpfaom aqG;aEG;jiif;ckHrIrsm;ukd
&yfwefYMuzkdYowday;&efjzpfonf/ olonfEIwfuywfawmfukdoGefoifay;í
vlwkdYukdpifMu,faomESvkH;? ukd,fhukdukd,fodaompdwfMunfvifjcif;? ½kd;om;jzLpif
aom,kHMunfjcif;trSeftm;jzihf bk&m;ocifukdeufeufeJeJcspfjrwfEkd;vmMuzkdY
aqmifusOf;ay;&efjzpfonf/ þvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd vkdufemapmifhxdef;jcif;jzihf
aumif;aomppfwkdufEkdifrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdtoday;cJhonf/
wdarmaoonf,kHMunfjcif;üwnfí ukd,fhukdukd,fodaom pdwfMunfvifjcif;
jzifhomaumif;aomppfwkdufEkdifcJhygonf(i,f 19)/ {zufNrdKUüMuKHawGYae&aom
jyóemrSm tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf þt&mukdrsufuG,fjyKaecJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
« 138 »« 137 »
ouf
ooooo
olwkdY\q&mrsm;onf½kd;om;jzLpifjcif;trSefESifh ukd,fhukdukd,fodaom pdwfMunf
vifjcif;wkdYjzifh bk&m;ocifukdrcspfcJhMuyg/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;
ypfcJhMuonf/ [kareJESifhtmavZ`E´KwkdYonf þt&mrsm;\ykHOyrmrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ olwkdYonf,ckwGifuJh&JUolrsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ þokdYaomtjypf'kp½kdufü
olwkdYrnfokdYusa&mufoGm;cJhaMumif;ukdrl ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/
xkdolwkdYonf uJh&JUjcif;pum;ukda&SmifMuOfzkdY oif&rnfh taMumif;pmwef
\vufodkYtyfcJhonfhtjzpfudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf
oGefoifay;ír&avmufatmifyifjzpfaecJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ESvkH;om;
rsm;ukdrmaMumapMuaomaMumihf xkdvuf&SdtcsdefwGifrnfokdYaomoGefoifjcif;
urQolwkdYukd taxmuftuljyKapcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYukd&efol\vufokdYom
tyfzkdY&Sdonf/ olwkdYukdxkESufzkdYpmwefrSm tvGef0rf;omaecJhygrnf/ toif;awmf
\rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;rS olwkdYukdz,f&Sm;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ukdolwkdYtxHrSz,f&Sm;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfESifh4if;? bk&m;ocif\
aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh4if; uif;uGm&aomtajctaeü olwkdYonfoifcef;pm
rsm;ukdcufcufcJcJoif,lcJhMu&ygrnf/ ykefuefjcif;vrf;onfolwkdYukd rnfonfh
ae&mokdYaqmif,loGm;rnfukd olwkdYukd,fawGYoif,l&ygawmhrnf/ pmwefonf
olwkdYukdrdrdpdwfBudKuftokH;csygawmhrnf/ tcsdefumvwpfcktxdtarSmift&yfü
ypfxm;jcif;cH&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh rsufarSmufjyKjcif;
ukdolwkdYtxHrS½kyfodrf;cJhrnfjzpfonf/ xkdokdYta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;jzihf olwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESifhol\cspfjcif;arwåmxHokdY jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhMuayrnf/
or®mw&m;ukdemcHvkdufavsmuf&ef vlwkdYujiif;y,fMuaomaMumifholwkdY
ukdcufcJaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh oifcef;pmukdoif,lapMu&rnfhtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhonf/
cE¨mawmf&Sdtjcm;olrsm;ukd rul;pufoGm;ap&ef olwkdYukdoD;jcm;cGJxkwfypf&rnfh
tcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif þuJhokdYaomykefuefwwfonfh
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufESifhykefuefjcif;xJokdY eufeufeJeJusa&muf
wwfMuygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ykefuefwwfaom om;orD;rsm;
ukdb,faomtcgrQ vufavsmhpGefYvGwfrnfr[kwfaMumif; &Sifaygvktckdiftrm
,kHMunfxm;onf/ olwkdYonfpmwef\vufxJü tcsdefumvwpfcktxda&muf&Sd
cJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocifcspfjcif;
arwåmqDokdY wzefjyefvnfa&muf&SdvmEkdifygao;onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUu,fwifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í oif,cktcsdeftxd &ifckefpdwfvIyf&Sm;
aeygao;ovm;/ þokdYaompdwfvIyf&Sm;&ifckefjcif;avsmhusaysmufuG,f
oGm;atmif rnfonfht&muzefwD;cJhygoenf;/
&Sifaygvkurdrd\u,fwifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjycJhaomoufaocH
csufwGif rnfokdYaomtm;ay;wkdufwGef;csufrsKd;ukd oifawGY&SdcHpm;&yg
oenf;/
or®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; xkdor®mw&m;ukduREkfyfwkdY ausmckdif;ae&efrSm
jzpfEkdifygovm;/ wrif&nf&G,fíjyKvkyfaom tjypfqkdonfrSmtb,f
enf;/
pmwef\vufokdYtyfvkdufjcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ pmwef\vufokdY
tyfvkduf&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSmtb,fenf;/
« 140 »« 139 »
ouf
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olwkdY\q&mrsm;onf½kd;om;jzLpifjcif;trSefESifh ukd,fhukdukd,fodaom pdwfMunf
vifjcif;wkdYjzifh bk&m;ocifukdrcspfcJhMuyg/ olwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ukd zsufqD;
ypfcJhMuonf/ [kareJESifhtmavZ`E´KwkdYonf þt&mrsm;\ykHOyrmrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ olwkdYonf,ckwGifuJh&JUolrsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ þokdYaomtjypf'kp½kdufü
olwkdYrnfokdYusa&mufoGm;cJhaMumif;ukdrl ajymjyrxm;cJhyg/
xkdolwkdYonf uJh&JUjcif;pum;ukda&SmifMuOfzkdY oif&rnfh taMumif;pmwef
\vufodkYtyfcJhonfhtjzpfudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymcJhonf/ olwkdYonf
oGefoifay;ír&avmufatmifyifjzpfaecJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ESvkH;om;
rsm;ukdrmaMumapMuaomaMumihf xkdvuf&SdtcsdefwGifrnfokdYaomoGefoifjcif;
urQolwkdYukd taxmuftuljyKapcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ olwkdYukd&efol\vufokdYom
tyfzkdY&Sdonf/ olwkdYukdxkESufzkdYpmwefrSm tvGef0rf;omaecJhygrnf/ toif;awmf
\rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;rS olwkdYukdz,f&Sm;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ukdolwkdYtxHrSz,f&Sm;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfESifh4if;? bk&m;ocif\
aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh4if; uif;uGm&aomtajctaeü olwkdYonfoifcef;pm
rsm;ukdcufcufcJcJoif,lcJhMu&ygrnf/ ykefuefjcif;vrf;onfolwkdYukd rnfonfh
ae&mokdYaqmif,loGm;rnfukd olwkdYukd,fawGYoif,l&ygawmhrnf/ pmwefonf
olwkdYukdrdrdpdwfBudKuftokH;csygawmhrnf/ tcsdefumvwpfcktxdtarSmift&yfü
ypfxm;jcif;cH&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh rsufarSmufjyKjcif;
ukdolwkdYtxHrS½kyfodrf;cJhrnfjzpfonf/ xkdokdYta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;jzihf olwkdYonf
bk&m;ocifESifhol\cspfjcif;arwåmxHokdY jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhMuayrnf/
or®mw&m;ukdemcHvkdufavsmuf&ef vlwkdYujiif;y,fMuaomaMumifholwkdY
ukdcufcJaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh oifcef;pmukdoif,lapMu&rnfhtcsdefrsm;&SdcJhonf/
cE¨mawmf&Sdtjcm;olrsm;ukd rul;pufoGm;ap&ef olwkdYukdoD;jcm;cGJxkwfypf&rnfh
tcsdefrsm;vnf;&SdcJhygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif þuJhokdYaomykefuefwwfonfh
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjypf'kp½kdufESifhykefuefjcif;xJokdY eufeufeJeJusa&muf
wwfMuygonf/ okdYaomf bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ykefuefwwfaom om;orD;rsm;
ukdb,faomtcgrQ vufavsmhpGefYvGwfrnfr[kwfaMumif; &Sifaygvktckdiftrm
,kHMunfxm;onf/ olwkdYonfpmwef\vufxJü tcsdefumvwpfcktxda&muf&Sd
cJhMuaomfvnf; olwkdYonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocifcspfjcif;
arwåmqDokdY wzefjyefvnfa&muf&SdvmEkdifygao;onf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUu,fwifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í oif,cktcsdeftxd &ifckefpdwfvIyf&Sm;
aeygao;ovm;/ þokdYaompdwfvIyf&Sm;&ifckefjcif;avsmhusaysmufuG,f
oGm;atmif rnfonfht&muzefwD;cJhygoenf;/
&Sifaygvkurdrd\u,fwifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjycJhaomoufaocH
csufwGif rnfokdYaomtm;ay;wkdufwGef;csufrsKd;ukd oifawGY&SdcHpm;&yg
oenf;/
or®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; xkdor®mw&m;ukduREkfyfwkdY ausmckdif;ae&efrSm
jzpfEkdifygovm;/ wrif&nf&G,fíjyKvkyfaom tjypfqkdonfrSmtb,f
enf;/
pmwef\vufokdYtyfvkdufjcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ pmwef\vufokdY
tyfvkduf&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSmtb,fenf;/
« 140 »« 139 »
ouf
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avQmufyg/ or®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;r&SdcJhonfh
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rdrdtay:ürSDckdtm;xm;aomoltm;vkH; uG,fumay;EkdifaomaMumifh
ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;onf tcufxefqkH;aomtjypfom;ukdcsKd;acsypfNyD;ocif
c&pfawmfukdxkd olYtxHüxkwfazmfjyoEkdifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
vuf&SdwGifykefuefzDqefjcif;vrf;üavQmufvSrf;aeaom ,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufa,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdolwkdY\raumif;rI'kp½kdufukdc0gcs
írdrd\cspfjcif;arwåmüjyefvnfxm;&Sd&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
14
tvdk&Sdonf - qkawmif;aomolrsm;
1 wd 2;1-8 udk zwf½Iyg/
{zufNrdKU&Sd tcsnf;tESD;jiif;ckefaqG;aEG;rIrsm;ü pdwfygoGm;MuaomolwdkY
tm;oGefoifqHk;r&ef wdarmaoudkpdefac:NyD;aemuf &Sifaygvkutjcm;taMumif;
t&mtcsdKUudkqufvufíajymcJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(2 )\tpydkif;wGif &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; toif;awmf&Sdvlrsm;udkqkawmif;zdkYqihfac:jcif;onf ta&;yg
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif &Sifaygvkuvlwkdif;twGuf wifjyawmif;cHjcif;?
qkawmif;ay;jcif;? arwåmydkYojcif;? aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyf&rnfh
taMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/ þazmfjycsufudktenf;i,fcsJUíuREfkyfwdkYavhvmoGm;
rnfjzpfonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rsm;udk avhvmprf;
ppfjcif;onf taxmuftxuljzpfapaomfvnf; xdkpum;vHk;rsm;udkvdkonf
xufydkaomcGJjcm;EIdif,SOfjcif;rsdK;udkrvkyfrdzdkY owdxm;&rnf/ &Sifaygvk\ t"du
tcsufrSm rwluGJjym;aomqkawmif;yHkawmif;enf;rsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkYr[kwfyg/
vltrsm;udkqkawmif;MuzdkY qihfac:jcif;omjzpfygonf/
awmif;qdkwifjyjcif;rsm;
uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifhtxHüqkawmif;wifjy awmif;cHjcif;rsm;udk
jyKvkyfMuzdkY &Sifaygvkupdefac:xm;onf/ ]]wifjyawmif;cHjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;
onfvdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf vdktifrsm;udk&nfñTef;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf
« 141 »
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUESvkH;om;ukdaysmhajymif;apí oifhukdor®mw&m;tm;awGYjrifcGifhay;
onfhocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
emcHjcif;ü&Sifoef&ef qufvufuG,fumay;zkdY ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;
avQmufyg/ or®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; emcHvkdufavQmufjcif;r&SdcJhonfh
tcsdefrsm;twGuf cGifhvTwfay;zkdYocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmufyg/
rdrdtay:ürSDckdtm;xm;aomoltm;vkH; uG,fumay;EkdifaomaMumifh
ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
ocifbk&m;onf tcufxefqkH;aomtjypfom;ukdcsKd;acsypfNyD;ocif
c&pfawmfukdxkd olYtxHüxkwfazmfjyoEkdifaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
vuf&SdwGifykefuefzDqefjcif;vrf;üavQmufvSrf;aeaom ,kHMunfolwpf
a,mufa,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdolwkdY\raumif;rI'kp½kdufukdc0gcs
írdrd\cspfjcif;arwåmüjyefvnfxm;&Sd&ef ocifbk&m;ukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
14
tvdk&Sdonf - qkawmif;aomolrsm;
1 wd 2;1-8 udk zwf½Iyg/
{zufNrdKU&Sd tcsnf;tESD;jiif;ckefaqG;aEG;rIrsm;ü pdwfygoGm;MuaomolwdkY
tm;oGefoifqHk;r&ef wdarmaoudkpdefac:NyD;aemuf &Sifaygvkutjcm;taMumif;
t&mtcsdKUudkqufvufíajymcJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(2 )\tpydkif;wGif &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; toif;awmf&Sdvlrsm;udkqkawmif;zdkYqihfac:jcif;onf ta&;yg
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif &Sifaygvkuvlwkdif;twGuf wifjyawmif;cHjcif;?
qkawmif;ay;jcif;? arwåmydkYojcif;? aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyf&rnfh
taMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/ þazmfjycsufudktenf;i,fcsJUíuREfkyfwdkYavhvmoGm;
rnfjzpfonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rsm;udk avhvmprf;
ppfjcif;onf taxmuftxuljzpfapaomfvnf; xdkpum;vHk;rsm;udkvdkonf
xufydkaomcGJjcm;EIdif,SOfjcif;rsdK;udkrvkyfrdzdkY owdxm;&rnf/ &Sifaygvk\ t"du
tcsufrSm rwluGJjym;aomqkawmif;yHkawmif;enf;rsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkYr[kwfyg/
vltrsm;udkqkawmif;MuzdkY qihfac:jcif;omjzpfygonf/
awmif;qdkwifjyjcif;rsm;
uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifhtxHüqkawmif;wifjy awmif;cHjcif;rsm;udk
jyKvkyfMuzdkY &Sifaygvkupdefac:xm;onf/ ]]wifjyawmif;cHjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;
onfvdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf vdktifrsm;udk&nfñTef;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf
« 141 »
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vdktifrsm;udk ocifbk&m;xHü aqmif,lvmMu&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkajymjy
xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftoufwm\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ut&mtm;vHk;udk
xdef;csKyfxm;apzdkYrSm tb,frQvG,fulygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif olwyg;txHü
tultnDawmif;jcif;udk tm;enf;csufwpfcktjzpf½IjrifMuonf/ þae&mü
&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfht&mrSm bk&m;ocifudkuREfkyfwdkYtvdk&Sdygonf[kodjrif
vmzdkYudk,fhudkukd,fESdrfhcszdkYvdkaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ vdktyfcsufrsm;? vdktifrsm;&SdaeMu
aomolwdkYudktxHyg;odkYvmMu&ef bk&m;ocifuqihfac:xm;onf/ t&mtm;vHk;
udkudk,fwkdifudkifwG,fajz&Sif;aernfhtpm; uREfkyfwdkY\vdktyfcsufrsm;udkbk&m;
ocifxHüawmif;qdkwifjyEdkifí tvdk&Sdonftwkdif;vrf;jyap&if; vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk jznfhqnf;apEkdifonf/
qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;rsm;
&SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;aom 'kwd,ajrmufpum;vHk;rSm ]]qkawmif;yXem
jyKjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þae&mü toHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;onf
*&dpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;rSqif;oufvmcJhonf/ yxrpum;vHk;rSm ]]a&SUodkY}} (odkY)
]]qDodkY}}[laompum;vHk;jzpfNyD;? teD;tyg;odkYqGJ,ljcif;t"dyÜg,fudkay;onf/
'kwd,pum;vHk; rSm ]]awmif;w&m}} (odkY) ]]pdwfqE´}}[laomt"dyÜg,ftwGuftoHk;
jyKaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm
uREfkyfwdkY\ ]]awmif;w&mrsm;ESihfpdwfqE´rsm;udkaz:jyzdkY bk&m;ociftxHodkY
csOf;uyfwdk;0ifjcif;}} ESihfpyfqkdifonf/ þodkYaomajymqdkwifjyjcif;onf tvGef
&if;ESD;aomolESpfOD;tMum;ü&Sdonft&monf qkawmif;csdefonf oihfESvHk;om;
\vdktifqE´rsm;ESihf 0efxkyfrsm;udkwifjy&efbk&m;ocifESihf pum;ajymaomtcsdef
jzpfonf/ þt&monf twGif;usus&if;ESD;onfhoabmudkaqmifonf/ vlwkdif;
txHüoihf&JUeufeJaompdwfqE´rsm;ESihf vdktifawmif;wrIrsm;udkwifjyajymqdkí
r&yg/ qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkYESvHk;om;\0efxkyf0efydkrsm;? ESpfouf
jrwfEdk;rIrsm;? qE´rsm;udk bk&m;ociftm; uREfkyfwdkYudkeufeufeJeJcspfcifjrwfEdk;í
uG,fumapmifraom olwpfa,muftjzpfESihf xkwfaz:ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
arwåmydkYojcif;
&SifaygvkaemufxyftoHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rSm arwåmydkYojcif;
(Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;)jzpfonf/ xdkpum;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHü
toem;cHjcif;t"dyÜg,frsdK;udkaqmifonf/ jyóemwpfckudkajz&Sif;zdkYtkyfpkESpfck
xdkifí pnf;a0;jcif;rsdK;udkvnf;&nfñTef;onf/ Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufjcif;
qkdonfrSm jyóemtaMumif;t&mwpfckudk bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfü,laqmif
oGm;í xdkjyóem\tao;pdwfudk ESpfOD;om;twlwuGajz&Sif;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkY\0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk bk&m;ociftm;ajymjya0iS½Hk
oufoufomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifudkapmifhpm;em;axmifí xdkbk&m;xHrSOmPf
ynmudkvufcH&,ljcif;vnf;yg0ifonf/
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;
aemufqHk;toHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rSm aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;[laom
pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;rSm&Sif;vif;vSygonf/ þpum;\t"dyÜg,frSm
aus;Zl;w&m;ay;tyfjcif;[líyifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mudkt&mtm;vHk;tqif
ajyacsmarGUaecsdefomjyKvkyfzdkYr[kwf? tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;&ifqdkif&
aomtcgwGifvnf; jyKvkyf&rnfht&mjzpfonf/ aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;wGif bk&m;
« 144 »« 143 »
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vdktifrsm;udk ocifbk&m;xHü aqmif,lvmMu&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkajymjy
xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftoufwm\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ut&mtm;vHk;udk
xdef;csKyfxm;apzdkYrSm tb,frQvG,fulygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif olwyg;txHü
tultnDawmif;jcif;udk tm;enf;csufwpfcktjzpf½IjrifMuonf/ þae&mü
&Sifaygvkajymjyxm;onfht&mrSm bk&m;ocifudkuREfkyfwdkYtvdk&Sdygonf[kodjrif
vmzdkYudk,fhudkukd,fESdrfhcszdkYvdkaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ vdktyfcsufrsm;? vdktifrsm;&SdaeMu
aomolwdkYudktxHyg;odkYvmMu&ef bk&m;ocifuqihfac:xm;onf/ t&mtm;vHk;
udkudk,fwkdifudkifwG,fajz&Sif;aernfhtpm; uREfkyfwdkY\vdktyfcsufrsm;udkbk&m;
ocifxHüawmif;qdkwifjyEdkifí tvdk&Sdonftwkdif;vrf;jyap&if; vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk jznfhqnf;apEkdifonf/
qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;rsm;
&SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;aom 'kwd,ajrmufpum;vHk;rSm ]]qkawmif;yXem
jyKjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þae&mü toHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;onf
*&dpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;rSqif;oufvmcJhonf/ yxrpum;vHk;rSm ]]a&SUodkY}} (odkY)
]]qDodkY}}[laompum;vHk;jzpfNyD;? teD;tyg;odkYqGJ,ljcif;t"dyÜg,fudkay;onf/
'kwd,pum;vHk; rSm ]]awmif;w&m}} (odkY) ]]pdwfqE´}}[laomt"dyÜg,ftwGuftoHk;
jyKaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm
uREfkyfwdkY\ ]]awmif;w&mrsm;ESihfpdwfqE´rsm;udkaz:jyzdkY bk&m;ociftxHodkY
csOf;uyfwdk;0ifjcif;}} ESihfpyfqkdifonf/ þodkYaomajymqdkwifjyjcif;onf tvGef
&if;ESD;aomolESpfOD;tMum;ü&Sdonft&monf qkawmif;csdefonf oihfESvHk;om;
\vdktifqE´rsm;ESihf 0efxkyfrsm;udkwifjy&efbk&m;ocifESihf pum;ajymaomtcsdef
jzpfonf/ þt&monf twGif;usus&if;ESD;onfhoabmudkaqmifonf/ vlwkdif;
txHüoihf&JUeufeJaompdwfqE´rsm;ESihf vdktifawmif;wrIrsm;udkwifjyajymqdkí
r&yg/ qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkYESvHk;om;\0efxkyf0efydkrsm;? ESpfouf
jrwfEdk;rIrsm;? qE´rsm;udk bk&m;ociftm; uREfkyfwdkYudkeufeufeJeJcspfcifjrwfEdk;í
uG,fumapmifraom olwpfa,muftjzpfESihf xkwfaz:ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
arwåmydkYojcif;
&SifaygvkaemufxyftoHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rSm arwåmydkYojcif;
(Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;)jzpfonf/ xdkpum;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHü
toem;cHjcif;t"dyÜg,frsdK;udkaqmifonf/ jyóemwpfckudkajz&Sif;zdkYtkyfpkESpfck
xdkifí pnf;a0;jcif;rsdK;udkvnf;&nfñTef;onf/ Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufjcif;
qkdonfrSm jyóemtaMumif;t&mwpfckudk bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfü,laqmif
oGm;í xdkjyóem\tao;pdwfudk ESpfOD;om;twlwuGajz&Sif;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkY\0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk bk&m;ociftm;ajymjya0iS½Hk
oufoufomr[kwf? bk&m;ocifudkapmifhpm;em;axmifí xdkbk&m;xHrSOmPf
ynmudkvufcH&,ljcif;vnf;yg0ifonf/
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;
aemufqHk;toHk;jyKxm;aompum;vHk;rSm aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;[laom
pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;rSm&Sif;vif;vSygonf/ þpum;\t"dyÜg,frSm
aus;Zl;w&m;ay;tyfjcif;[líyifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mudkt&mtm;vHk;tqif
ajyacsmarGUaecsdefomjyKvkyfzdkYr[kwf? tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;&ifqdkif&
aomtcgwGifvnf; jyKvkyf&rnfht&mjzpfonf/ aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;jcif;wGif bk&m;
« 144 »« 143 »
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ocif\jzpfwnfrI? bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;twGuf csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf
udk;uG,fjcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/
þqkawmif;jcif;rsm;udkvlwkdif;twGuf jyKvkyfay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;
tcef;i,f(1)wGifowdjyKyg/ vlwkdif;[kqdk&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYESihf&if;ESD;olrsm;omru
uREfkyfwdkYudkjyóem&Smaomolrsm;yifyg0ifonf/
rdrdwdkYbufü rif;tmPm&Sdaomoltaygif;wdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef
vltrsm;udkwdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifzdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkpdefac:cJhonf/
xdkrif;tmPm&Sdaomolrsm;wGif uREfkyfwdkYtay:ü0dnmOfa&;&mOD;aqmifjcif;
tmPm&Sdolrsm;ESihf tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;yg0ifonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
&Sifbk&ifrSpí EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf txl;qkawmif;ay;&efvdktyf
aMumif;ajymcJhonf/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf wkdif;EkdifiHudktkyfcsKyfpDrHaeaom
olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avQmfpGm olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ OmPfynmESihfvrf;jyrIudk
vdktyfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;ü bk&m;udkodjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;jzihf Nidrf;csrf;
om,maomtoufwmudk&&Sd&SifoefEkdifzdkY wkdif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfaeaom
olrsm;twGuf qkawmif;Mu&efyefMum;cJhonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh
tm;avQmfpGm uREfkyfwdkYudktjrJwrf;vufcHMurnfr[kwfyg/ ,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpf
vmzdkYESihf c&pf,meftoufwmjzihf &Sifoefaexkdif&ef? tvGefcufcJMuyfwnf;
aomEkdifiHajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&
aomc&pf,mefrsm;&Sdonf/ wkdif;jynfürif;vkyftkyfcsKyfaeaom acgif;aqmif
rsm;u uREfkyfwdkY\nDtpfudkrsm;tm; Nidrfoufcsrf;omí bk&m;udkodNyD;oefY&Sif;pif
Mu,faomtoufwmudk cGihfjyKay;urf;rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;Mu&ef &Sifaygvk
uuREfkyfwdkYudkyefMum;xm;onf/ þonfrSmrdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;twGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´yifjzpfonf (i,f 3)/ rdrdvlrsdK;rsm;tay:ü tcuftcJ
jyóemrsm;udk aqmif,lvmaomolwdkYtay:ü bk&m;ocifauseyfESpfouf
jcif;r&Sdyg/ rdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;onf udk,fh,HkMunfjcif;udkNidrf;csrf;í oefY&Sif;jzLpif
jcif;jzihf þavmuBuD;üaexkdifoGm;Murnfhta&;rSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpf
onf/ xdkodkY&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;jzihf olwdkY\toufwmonf vlrsm;twGuf
oufaorsm;jzpfvmMurnfjzpfonf/
tce;fi,f(5)wGif bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdí xdkbk&m; ocifESihfvlom;
wdkY\tMum;wGiftmrcHwpfOD;wnf;om&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudktod
ay;cJhonf/ tmrcHol(Mum;0ifaphpyfay;ol)qdkonfrSm tkyfpkESpfbufvHk;udk
wpfom;wnf;jzpfvmatmif nd§EdIif;aqmif&Gufay;aomoljzpfonf/ tjypf&Sdaom
vlom;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocifudkwpfom;wnf;jzpfatmif aqmifMuOf;ay;EkdifolrSm
ocifa,½IwpfOD;wnf;omjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREfkyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½dkufü
udk,fhudkukd,ftcaMu;wpfcktjzpfay;qyfcJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfonfvlom;
tm;vHk;twGufudk,fhudkudk,fpGefYvTwfay;qyfcJhonf[k&SifaygvkajymMum;cJhaMumif;
udkowdjyKyg/ rnfoludkrQcsefvSyfcJhjcif;r&Sdyg/ vlom;tm;vHk;twGufay;qyfcJh
onf/ xdkYaMumifh wpfOD;wpfa,mufuocifa,½Ionf ol(odkY)olr\u,fwifjcif;
twGuf rnfonfht&mudkrQyHhydk;ay;cJhjcif;r&Sd[k rqdkEkdifyg/
tcef;i,f(7)t& bk&m;ocifonf &Sifaygvktm;u,fwifjcif;w&m;
awmfudkwyg;trsdK;wdkYtm;a[majym&ef qihfac:cGJcefYxm;cJhonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkY
onf 'kp½dkufarSmifrdkufüaexkdif&SifoefaecJhMuonf/ þae&müuREfkyfwdkYrSwfom;
MuzdkYta&;ygaomtcsufrSm þwyg;trsdK;wdkYonf 'kp½dkufarSmifrdkufüusifvnf
« 146 »« 145 »
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ocif\jzpfwnfrI? bk&m;ocifjyKvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;twGuf csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf
udk;uG,fjcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/
þqkawmif;jcif;rsm;udkvlwkdif;twGuf jyKvkyfay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;
tcef;i,f(1)wGifowdjyKyg/ vlwkdif;[kqdk&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYESihf&if;ESD;olrsm;omru
uREfkyfwdkYudkjyóem&Smaomolrsm;yifyg0ifonf/
rdrdwdkYbufü rif;tmPm&Sdaomoltaygif;wdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef
vltrsm;udkwdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifzdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkpdefac:cJhonf/
xdkrif;tmPm&Sdaomolrsm;wGif uREfkyfwdkYtay:ü0dnmOfa&;&mOD;aqmifjcif;
tmPm&Sdolrsm;ESihf tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;yg0ifonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
&Sifbk&ifrSpí EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf txl;qkawmif;ay;&efvdktyf
aMumif;ajymcJhonf/ þacgif;aqmifrsm;onf wkdif;EkdifiHudktkyfcsKyfpDrHaeaom
olrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avQmfpGm olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ OmPfynmESihfvrf;jyrIudk
vdktyfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;ü bk&m;udkodjcif;ESihf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;jzihf Nidrf;csrf;
om,maomtoufwmudk&&Sd&SifoefEkdifzdkY wkdif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfaeaom
olrsm;twGuf qkawmif;Mu&efyefMum;cJhonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonfh
tm;avQmfpGm uREfkyfwdkYudktjrJwrf;vufcHMurnfr[kwfyg/ ,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpf
vmzdkYESihf c&pf,meftoufwmjzihf &Sifoefaexkdif&ef? tvGefcufcJMuyfwnf;
aomEkdifiHajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&
aomc&pf,mefrsm;&Sdonf/ wkdif;jynfürif;vkyftkyfcsKyfaeaom acgif;aqmif
rsm;u uREfkyfwdkY\nDtpfudkrsm;tm; Nidrfoufcsrf;omí bk&m;udkodNyD;oefY&Sif;pif
Mu,faomtoufwmudk cGihfjyKay;urf;rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;Mu&ef &Sifaygvk
uuREfkyfwdkYudkyefMum;xm;onf/ þonfrSmrdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;twGufxm;&Sdaom
bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´yifjzpfonf (i,f 3)/ rdrdvlrsdK;rsm;tay:ü tcuftcJ
jyóemrsm;udk aqmif,lvmaomolwdkYtay:ü bk&m;ocifauseyfESpfouf
jcif;r&Sdyg/ rdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;onf udk,fh,HkMunfjcif;udkNidrf;csrf;í oefY&Sif;jzLpif
jcif;jzihf þavmuBuD;üaexkdifoGm;Murnfhta&;rSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpf
onf/ xdkodkY&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;jzihf olwdkY\toufwmonf vlrsm;twGuf
oufaorsm;jzpfvmMurnfjzpfonf/
tce;fi,f(5)wGif bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdí xdkbk&m; ocifESihfvlom;
wdkY\tMum;wGiftmrcHwpfOD;wnf;om&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudktod
ay;cJhonf/ tmrcHol(Mum;0ifaphpyfay;ol)qdkonfrSm tkyfpkESpfbufvHk;udk
wpfom;wnf;jzpfvmatmif nd§EdIif;aqmif&Gufay;aomoljzpfonf/ tjypf&Sdaom
vlom;rsm;ESihf bk&m;ocifudkwpfom;wnf;jzpfatmif aqmifMuOf;ay;EkdifolrSm
ocifa,½IwpfOD;wnf;omjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf uREfkyfwdkY\tjypf'kp½dkufü
udk,fhudkukd,ftcaMu;wpfcktjzpfay;qyfcJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmfonfvlom;
tm;vHk;twGufudk,fhudkudk,fpGefYvTwfay;qyfcJhonf[k&SifaygvkajymMum;cJhaMumif;
udkowdjyKyg/ rnfoludkrQcsefvSyfcJhjcif;r&Sdyg/ vlom;tm;vHk;twGufay;qyfcJh
onf/ xdkYaMumifh wpfOD;wpfa,mufuocifa,½Ionf ol(odkY)olr\u,fwifjcif;
twGuf rnfonfht&mudkrQyHhydk;ay;cJhjcif;r&Sd[k rqdkEkdifyg/
tcef;i,f(7)t& bk&m;ocifonf &Sifaygvktm;u,fwifjcif;w&m;
awmfudkwyg;trsdK;wdkYtm;a[majym&ef qihfac:cGJcefYxm;cJhonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkY
onf 'kp½dkufarSmifrdkufüaexkdif&SifoefaecJhMuonf/ þae&müuREfkyfwdkYrSwfom;
MuzdkYta&;ygaomtcsufrSm þwyg;trsdK;wdkYonf 'kp½dkufarSmifrdkufüusifvnf
« 146 »« 145 »
ouf
ooooo
vrf;aysmufaecsdefwGif {zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfolwdkYrSm '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESihfaqGpOfrsdK;
qufpm&if;rsm;tay:ü tjiif;tckefjyK&if;tvkyf½IyfaeMuonf/ þae&mwGif
qefYusifuGJvGJcsufwpfck&Sdaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh&Sifaygvku {zuf,HkMunfolwdkYtm;
rdrdwdkY\rsufvHk;rsm;udkzGihfí ywf0ef;usif&Sdvdktyfcsufrsm;udkjrifwwfMuzdkY
pdwfac:cJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(1)wGif &SifaygvkuolwdkYtm;taoG;trTm;udpö&yf
rsm;twGuf ta&;rygt&mra&mufaom aqG;aEG;jiif;ckefrIrsm;udk&yfwefYMuzdkY
wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ þtcef;wGifrl acgif;aqmifrsm;? t&yf&yfwdkY&dSa,musfm;ESihf
rdef;rwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocifxHüqkawmif;MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvku a,musfm;om;rsm;tm; trsufxGufjcif;?
jiif;cHkjcif;r&SdbJ oefY&Sif;aomvufrsm;udkcsDí qkawmif;MuzdkYrnfodkYqifhac:
wdkufwGef;xm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ olwdkYonfydkíta&;BuD;aomt&mudk vspfvsL
½Ií'@m&Dpum;rsm;ESihf aqGpOfrsdK;qufpm&if;rsm;ü aqG;aEG;jiif;ckef&if; tvkyf
½IyfaeMuonf/ t"dyÜg,fr&Sdaomudpö&yfrsm;ü aqG;aEG;jiif;ckefítcsif;csif;
pdwf0rf;uGJaeMurnfhtpm; u,fwifjcif;r&&Sdao;aomolrsm;twGuf4if;?
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©udkMuHUMuHUcH&ifqkdifEdkifzdkY cGeftm;ESihf OmPfynmudk&&SdzdkYtcuftcJrsm;
udk&ifqkdifaeMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf4if; bk&m;ocifxHawmfü[pfa<u;qk
awmif;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkupdefac:cJhonf/
tenf;i,fomta&;ygaom udpö&yfrsm;üepfarsmoGm;zdkYrSm uREfkyfwdkY
twGuftb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ tao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;aMumifh toif;awmf
rsm;rSmtpkvdkufcGJxGufaecJhMuygonf/ tao;trTm;omjzpfaom rwlnDonfh"r®
t,ltqrsm;aMumifh ,HkMunfolrsm;tcsif;csif;vufwGJvkyfaqmifMuzdkYudk
jiif;qefaeMuygonf/ þodkYjzpfaepOfwGifajrmufrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYrSm tjypf
'kp½dkufü epfrGef;ysufpD;aeMuygonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYrSmvnf; rdrdwdkY\,HkMunf
csufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udkcHaeMu&ygonf/ &Sifaygvkua,musfm;rsm;ESihf
rdef;rrsm;udk qkawmif;MuzdkYajymqdkcJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\t"duOD;pm;ay;t&mudk
rSefrSefuefuefowfrSwfí tao;trTm;rwlnDcsufrsm;udkab;z,fí bk&m;ocif
\EkdifiHawmfus,fjyefYvmzdkYudk qkawmif;&if;&SmMuHMuzdkY &SifaygvkuwdkufwGef;qihf
ac:cJhonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUjyóemrsm;udk bk&m;ocifxHodkYaqmif,lvmjcif;rjyKbJ xdkjyó
emrsm;udk udk,fbmomajz&Sif;&efBudK;pm;zdkY pHkprf;cH&ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
&Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudkqkawmif;zdkYqifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/ qk
awmif; zdkYoihfrSmtcsdef&Sdygovm;/ xdkodkYjyKvkyf&eftb,faMumifh
ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&mü bk&m;ocifudkapmifhpm;em;axmifjcif;\ tcef;u@rSm
tb,fenf;/ oifqkawmif;aomtcgü bk&m;ocifurnfodkYvrf;jycJhyg
oenf;/
owif;aumif;w&m;udka[majymMuJjzefY&mü rnfodkYaomtao;trTm;
udpö&yfrsm;jzpfay:vmwwfygoenf;/ toif;awmfa&SUudkwdk; oihf
oavmuf rwdk;Ekdifatmifþudpö&yfrsm;udk rnfodkY[efYwm;aecJhMu
ygoenf;/
« 148 »« 147 »
ouf
ooooo
vrf;aysmufaecsdefwGif {zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfolwdkYrSm '@m&Dpum;rsm;ESihfaqGpOfrsdK;
qufpm&if;rsm;tay:ü tjiif;tckefjyK&if;tvkyf½IyfaeMuonf/ þae&mwGif
qefYusifuGJvGJcsufwpfck&Sdaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh&Sifaygvku {zuf,HkMunfolwdkYtm;
rdrdwdkY\rsufvHk;rsm;udkzGihfí ywf0ef;usif&Sdvdktyfcsufrsm;udkjrifwwfMuzdkY
pdwfac:cJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(1)wGif &SifaygvkuolwdkYtm;taoG;trTm;udpö&yf
rsm;twGuf ta&;rygt&mra&mufaom aqG;aEG;jiif;ckefrIrsm;udk&yfwefYMuzdkY
wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ þtcef;wGifrl acgif;aqmifrsm;? t&yf&yfwdkY&dSa,musfm;ESihf
rdef;rwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocifxHüqkawmif;MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvku a,musfm;om;rsm;tm; trsufxGufjcif;?
jiif;cHkjcif;r&SdbJ oefY&Sif;aomvufrsm;udkcsDí qkawmif;MuzdkYrnfodkYqifhac:
wdkufwGef;xm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ olwdkYonfydkíta&;BuD;aomt&mudk vspfvsL
½Ií'@m&Dpum;rsm;ESihf aqGpOfrsdK;qufpm&if;rsm;ü aqG;aEG;jiif;ckef&if; tvkyf
½IyfaeMuonf/ t"dyÜg,fr&Sdaomudpö&yfrsm;ü aqG;aEG;jiif;ckefítcsif;csif;
pdwf0rf;uGJaeMurnfhtpm; u,fwifjcif;r&&Sdao;aomolrsm;twGuf4if;?
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©udkMuHUMuHUcH&ifqkdifEdkifzdkY cGeftm;ESihf OmPfynmudk&&SdzdkYtcuftcJrsm;
udk&ifqkdifaeMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf4if; bk&m;ocifxHawmfü[pfa<u;qk
awmif;Mu&ef &Sifaygvkupdefac:cJhonf/
tenf;i,fomta&;ygaom udpö&yfrsm;üepfarsmoGm;zdkYrSm uREfkyfwdkY
twGuftb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ tao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;aMumifh toif;awmf
rsm;rSmtpkvdkufcGJxGufaecJhMuygonf/ tao;trTm;omjzpfaom rwlnDonfh"r®
t,ltqrsm;aMumifh ,HkMunfolrsm;tcsif;csif;vufwGJvkyfaqmifMuzdkYudk
jiif;qefaeMuygonf/ þodkYjzpfaepOfwGifajrmufrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYrSm tjypf
'kp½dkufü epfrGef;ysufpD;aeMuygonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYrSmvnf; rdrdwdkY\,HkMunf
csufaMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udkcHaeMu&ygonf/ &Sifaygvkua,musfm;rsm;ESihf
rdef;rrsm;udk qkawmif;MuzdkYajymqdkcJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\t"duOD;pm;ay;t&mudk
rSefrSefuefuefowfrSwfí tao;trTm;rwlnDcsufrsm;udkab;z,fí bk&m;ocif
\EkdifiHawmfus,fjyefYvmzdkYudk qkawmif;&if;&SmMuHMuzdkY &SifaygvkuwdkufwGef;qihf
ac:cJhonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JUjyóemrsm;udk bk&m;ocifxHodkYaqmif,lvmjcif;rjyKbJ xdkjyó
emrsm;udk udk,fbmomajz&Sif;&efBudK;pm;zdkY pHkprf;cH&ygovm;/ &Sif;jyyg/
&Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudkqkawmif;zdkYqifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/ qk
awmif; zdkYoihfrSmtcsdef&Sdygovm;/ xdkodkYjyKvkyf&eftb,faMumifh
ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&mü bk&m;ocifudkapmifhpm;em;axmifjcif;\ tcef;u@rSm
tb,fenf;/ oifqkawmif;aomtcgü bk&m;ocifurnfodkYvrf;jycJhyg
oenf;/
owif;aumif;w&m;udka[majymMuJjzefY&mü rnfodkYaomtao;trTm;
udpö&yfrsm;jzpfay:vmwwfygoenf;/ toif;awmfa&SUudkwdk; oihf
oavmuf rwdk;Ekdifatmifþudpö&yfrsm;udk rnfodkY[efYwm;aecJhMu
ygoenf;/
« 148 »« 147 »
ouf
ooooo
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu oihftoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdxm;aom OD;pm;ay;t&m
rsm;rS tm½Hkajymif;oGm;apcJhaomtaMumif; udpö&yfrsm;udkodjrifzdkYoihf&JU
ESvHk;om;udk wHcg;zGihfay;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrIESihf oihftoufwmüvkyfaqmifay;cJhaom
t&mrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;&eftcsdef tenf;i,f,lyg/
oifh&JUtodkif;t0ef;twGif;&Sd EkdifiHa&;ESihf0dnmOfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk
wdkYxday;zdkYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/ c&pf,mefrsm;a&mufae&m
a'oü rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufudkNidrf;csrf;pGmjzihf &SifoefEkdifrnfhywf0ef;
usiftajctaersdK;udk zefwD;ay;MuzdkY xdkacgif;aqmifrsm;udkwdkYxday;&ef
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
15
trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
wdarmao 2;9-15 udk zwf½Iyg/
þtcef;BuD;\yxrydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfa,musfm;om;rsm;udk
OD;wnfíajymqdkcJhonf/ qkawmif;aoma,musfm;om;rsm;jzpfzdkY&Sifaygvku
olwdkYudkpdefac:cJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(2)\ 'kwd,ydkif;wGiftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk OD;wnfí
ajymMum;cJhonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;twGufvnf; wefzdk;&SdaomrSmMum;csufrsm;
&SifaygvkwGif&Sdaeonf/
avQmufywfpGm0wfqifjcif; (i,f 9-10)
&Sifaygvku trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; £a`E´apmifhjcif;tm;jzihfavQmufywf
aomt0wfudk0wfqifMu&ef ajymqdkwdkufwGef;jcif;jzihftpjyKxm;onf/ xdkacwf
umv&SdtrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wpfrsdK;rSm udk,fhudkvltrsm;
utm½HkjyKvmzdkYqGJaqmif&ef 0wfqifjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfqHyifudkuspfí
a&Twefqm? ausmufykvJtzdk;xdkufwefaomt0wfrsm;udk 0wfpm;qif,ifMu
aMumif;udktcef;i,f(9)wGifowdjyKyg/ olwdkYonfaiGaMu;rnfrQcsrf;omí
todkif;t0kdif;ü rnfonfhtqihftwef;jzihfaexkdifMuaMumif;udk vltrsm;tm;
odapvdkcJhMuonf/
xdkuJhodkYaomtjyKtrlrsdK;ü pdwfygroGm;zdkY&Sifaygvku trsdK;orD;rsm;udk
wdkufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\,Ofaus;rIESihf todkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGifvnf;
vlwdkYudk4if;wdkY\0wfpm;qif,ifyHkESihf [efyeftaetxm;udkMunfhí tjrJa0zef
« 149 »
ouf
ooooo
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocifu oihftoufwmtwGufxm;&Sdxm;aom OD;pm;ay;t&m
rsm;rS tm½Hkajymif;oGm;apcJhaomtaMumif; udpö&yfrsm;udkodjrifzdkYoihf&JU
ESvHk;om;udk wHcg;zGihfay;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif\jzpfwnfrIESihf oihftoufwmüvkyfaqmifay;cJhaom
t&mrsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;&eftcsdef tenf;i,f,lyg/
oifh&JUtodkif;t0ef;twGif;&Sd EkdifiHa&;ESihf0dnmOfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk
wdkYxday;zdkYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/ c&pf,mefrsm;a&mufae&m
a'oü rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufudkNidrf;csrf;pGmjzihf &SifoefEkdifrnfhywf0ef;
usiftajctaersdK;udk zefwD;ay;MuzdkY xdkacgif;aqmifrsm;udkwdkYxday;&ef
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
15
trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuftrSmpum;
wdarmao 2;9-15 udk zwf½Iyg/
þtcef;BuD;\yxrydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfa,musfm;om;rsm;udk
OD;wnfíajymqdkcJhonf/ qkawmif;aoma,musfm;om;rsm;jzpfzdkY&Sifaygvku
olwdkYudkpdefac:cJhonf/ tcef;BuD;(2)\ 'kwd,ydkif;wGiftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk OD;wnfí
ajymMum;cJhonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;twGufvnf; wefzdk;&SdaomrSmMum;csufrsm;
&SifaygvkwGif&Sdaeonf/
avQmufywfpGm0wfqifjcif; (i,f 9-10)
&Sifaygvku trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; £a`E´apmifhjcif;tm;jzihfavQmufywf
aomt0wfudk0wfqifMu&ef ajymqdkwdkufwGef;jcif;jzihftpjyKxm;onf/ xdkacwf
umv&SdtrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wpfrsdK;rSm udk,fhudkvltrsm;
utm½HkjyKvmzdkYqGJaqmif&ef 0wfqifjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfqHyifudkuspfí
a&Twefqm? ausmufykvJtzdk;xdkufwefaomt0wfrsm;udk 0wfpm;qif,ifMu
aMumif;udktcef;i,f(9)wGifowdjyKyg/ olwdkYonfaiGaMu;rnfrQcsrf;omí
todkif;t0kdif;ü rnfonfhtqihftwef;jzihfaexkdifMuaMumif;udk vltrsm;tm;
odapvdkcJhMuonf/
xdkuJhodkYaomtjyKtrlrsdK;ü pdwfygroGm;zdkY&Sifaygvku trsdK;orD;rsm;udk
wdkufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\,Ofaus;rIESihf todkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGifvnf;
vlwdkYudk4if;wdkY\0wfpm;qif,ifyHkESihf [efyeftaetxm;udkMunfhí tjrJa0zef
« 149 »
ouf
ooooo
oHk;oyfwwfMuygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrSm[efyefMunfhaumif;í t0wftpm;aumif;
rsm;udk0wfqifMuvQif udk,fhudkudk,fta&;ygt&ma&mufonf[kxifwwf
Muonf/ &Sifaygvku{zufNrdKU&Sd ,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; trsdK;orD;wpfOD;
\wefzdk;rSm olr0wfqifaomt0wfwefqmrsm;ESihf [efyefwdkYür[kwfaMumif;
ajymxm;onf/ &SifaygvkuolwdkYudk t0wftpm;a[mif;rsm;udk0wfí pkwfpkwf
jywfjywfESihfaexkdifMu&efajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymqdkaeonfh
t&mrSm þavmuD qefqeftvStyudkoHk;oyfyHkESihf wefzdk;owfrSwfcsufwdkYü
epfarsmroGm;zdkYolwdkYudkajymMum;aejcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfvlwpf
a,muf\wefzdk;udk tjyifyef;tjriftm;jzihfrwkdif;wmyg/
þwefzdk;owfrSwfcsufwdkYESihf pyfvsOf;aomt&mrsm;\ tjcm;wbuf
wGif&Sdaeaomt&mrSm a,musfm;om;rsm;pdwf,dkifvmí olwdkYtay:üwPSm&m*
pdwfrsm;aygufzGm;vmatmif 0wfqifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKU&Sd
,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; olwpfyg;twGufxdrdí NydKvJp&mrjzpfatmif
*kPfodu©m&Sd&SdESihf oihfwihfavQmufywfpGm0wfqifMu&ef wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/
tjyifyef;o@mefudkt"duxm;í qif,ifMurnfhtpm; aumif;aom
tusihfESihfwefqmqifMu&ef &SifaygvkuolwdkYudk cGeftm;ay;cJhonf (i,f 10)/
wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif tjyifyef;üydkívSyMunfhaumif;atmif rnfodkY0wfpm;
qif,if&rnfudkpdk;&drfaeMurnfhtpm; rdrdwdkY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;jzihf
olwpfyg;twGuf aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpf&ef t"duxm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
ajymjyaeaomtvSw&m;qdkonfrSm ESvHk;om;rSxGufay:vmaom tvSw&m;
jzpfonf/ þodkYaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udk oifMuHKaumif;MuHKcJhzl;rnf/ olwdkYonf
tMuifemw&m;? cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeMuonf/ emusif'ku©cHpm;ae
&aomolrsm;udk udk,fcsif;pmay;ívufurf;ulnDMuonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifolwdkY
udkrnfolurQowdrxm;rdcJhMuyg/ olwdkYonftvGefvSyaomolrsm; jzpfMuonf/
xl;jcm;qef;jym;aomt0wftpm;udk 0wfpm;qif,ifxm;Muír[kwf? cspfjcif;
arwåm? *½kPmw&m;rsm;ESihfjynfhvQHaeMuaomaMumifhomjzpfonf/ olwdkY\
tvStyonf tjyifyef;tjrifxufydkíeufeJygonf/ bk&m;ocif&SmMuHaeaom
tvSw&m;rS xdkuJhodkYaomtvSw&m;yifjzpfonf/
tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHíwdwfqdwfpGmaejcif; (i,f 11-14)
{zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\ 'kwd,ajrmufpdef
ac:csufrSmtkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmjzihfoif,lMuzdkYjzpfonf/ wdwf
qdwfNidrf0yfpGmaejcif;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;twGufom uefYowfxm;onfh
t&mr[kwfaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;MuzdkYvdktyfygonf/ 1 ouf 4;21
wGif &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,HkMunfol(a,musfm;ESihfrdef;r)wdkYtm;
Nidrf0yfpGmaexkdif&SifoefMu&ef rSmMum;cJhonfrSm -
]]igwdkYrSmxm;onftwkdif; oifwdkYonfNidrf0yfpGmaeí udk,fhtrIudkaqmif
&Gufvsuf? udk,fvufESihfvkyfaqmifjcif;iSm avhvmqnf;yl;cH,lavmh/}}
Nidrf0yfpGmaexkdif&SifoefMu&ef &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;udk wdkufwGef;
xm;aomfvnf; þusrf;csufwGifrl {zufNrdKUrS,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;udk
&SifaygvkuOD;wnfajymqdkxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom tkyfpdk;jcif;udk
tpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmaejcif;onf vlxky&dwfowfa&SUüoGefoifay;jcif;ESihf
omoufqkdifonf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;wdkYtm; trsdK;om;
rsm;udkoGefoifay;jcif; (odkY) trsdK;om;rsm;tay:ü tpdk;w&jyKjcif;udkrdrdcGihfrjyK
« 152 »« 151 »
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oHk;oyfwwfMuygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrSm[efyefMunfhaumif;í t0wftpm;aumif;
rsm;udk0wfqifMuvQif udk,fhudkudk,fta&;ygt&ma&mufonf[kxifwwf
Muonf/ &Sifaygvku{zufNrdKU&Sd ,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; trsdK;orD;wpfOD;
\wefzdk;rSm olr0wfqifaomt0wfwefqmrsm;ESihf [efyefwdkYür[kwfaMumif;
ajymxm;onf/ &SifaygvkuolwdkYudk t0wftpm;a[mif;rsm;udk0wfí pkwfpkwf
jywfjywfESihfaexkdifMu&efajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymqdkaeonfh
t&mrSm þavmuD qefqeftvStyudkoHk;oyfyHkESihf wefzdk;owfrSwfcsufwdkYü
epfarsmroGm;zdkYolwdkYudkajymMum;aejcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfvlwpf
a,muf\wefzdk;udk tjyifyef;tjriftm;jzihfrwkdif;wmyg/
þwefzdk;owfrSwfcsufwdkYESihf pyfvsOf;aomt&mrsm;\ tjcm;wbuf
wGif&Sdaeaomt&mrSm a,musfm;om;rsm;pdwf,dkifvmí olwdkYtay:üwPSm&m*
pdwfrsm;aygufzGm;vmatmif 0wfqifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKU&Sd
,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; olwpfyg;twGufxdrdí NydKvJp&mrjzpfatmif
*kPfodu©m&Sd&SdESihf oihfwihfavQmufywfpGm0wfqifMu&ef wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/
tjyifyef;o@mefudkt"duxm;í qif,ifMurnfhtpm; aumif;aom
tusihfESihfwefqmqifMu&ef &SifaygvkuolwdkYudk cGeftm;ay;cJhonf (i,f 10)/
wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif tjyifyef;üydkívSyMunfhaumif;atmif rnfodkY0wfpm;
qif,if&rnfudkpdk;&drfaeMurnfhtpm; rdrdwdkY\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;jzihf
olwpfyg;twGuf aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpf&ef t"duxm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
ajymjyaeaomtvSw&m;qdkonfrSm ESvHk;om;rSxGufay:vmaom tvSw&m;
jzpfonf/ þodkYaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udk oifMuHKaumif;MuHKcJhzl;rnf/ olwdkYonf
tMuifemw&m;? cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;rsm;ESihfjynfhaeMuonf/ emusif'ku©cHpm;ae
&aomolrsm;udk udk,fcsif;pmay;ívufurf;ulnDMuonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifolwdkY
udkrnfolurQowdrxm;rdcJhMuyg/ olwdkYonftvGefvSyaomolrsm; jzpfMuonf/
xl;jcm;qef;jym;aomt0wftpm;udk 0wfpm;qif,ifxm;Muír[kwf? cspfjcif;
arwåm? *½kPmw&m;rsm;ESihfjynfhvQHaeMuaomaMumifhomjzpfonf/ olwdkY\
tvStyonf tjyifyef;tjrifxufydkíeufeJygonf/ bk&m;ocif&SmMuHaeaom
tvSw&m;rS xdkuJhodkYaomtvSw&m;yifjzpfonf/
tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHíwdwfqdwfpGmaejcif; (i,f 11-14)
{zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf &Sifaygvk\ 'kwd,ajrmufpdef
ac:csufrSmtkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmjzihfoif,lMuzdkYjzpfonf/ wdwf
qdwfNidrf0yfpGmaejcif;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;twGufom uefYowfxm;onfh
t&mr[kwfaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;MuzdkYvdktyfygonf/ 1 ouf 4;21
wGif &Sifaygvku oufomavmedwf,HkMunfol(a,musfm;ESihfrdef;r)wdkYtm;
Nidrf0yfpGmaexkdif&SifoefMu&ef rSmMum;cJhonfrSm -
]]igwdkYrSmxm;onftwkdif; oifwdkYonfNidrf0yfpGmaeí udk,fhtrIudkaqmif
&Gufvsuf? udk,fvufESihfvkyfaqmifjcif;iSm avhvmqnf;yl;cH,lavmh/}}
Nidrf0yfpGmaexkdif&SifoefMu&ef &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;udk wdkufwGef;
xm;aomfvnf; þusrf;csufwGifrl {zufNrdKUrS,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;udk
&SifaygvkuOD;wnfajymqdkxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom tkyfpdk;jcif;udk
tpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmaejcif;onf vlxky&dwfowfa&SUüoGefoifay;jcif;ESihf
omoufqkdifonf/ &Sifaygvku {zufNrdKU&Sd,HkMunfoltrsdK;orD;wdkYtm; trsdK;om;
rsm;udkoGefoifay;jcif; (odkY) trsdK;om;rsm;tay:ü tpdk;w&jyKjcif;udkrdrdcGihfrjyK
« 152 »« 151 »
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aMumif;ajymcJhonf (i,f 12)/ xdkodkYjyKMurnfhtpm; wdwfqdwfpGmoif,lMuzdkY
pdwfac:xm;onf/
þusrf;ydk'fESihfpyfvsOf;í jiif;ckefrIrsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ vlwpfcsdKUu &Sifaygvk
\oGefoifcsufonf {zufNrdKUwpfNrdKUwnf;ESihfomoufqkdifí xdkacwf{zuf
toif;awmfwGifjzpfysufcJhaomf oD;oefYjyóemwpfckESihfomqufEG,fywfoufrI
&Sdonf[k½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ þae&mü{zufNrdKUudkajymjyoGefoifay;aeaom
t&monf ,aeYacwfuREfkyfwdkY\ toif;awmfrsm;ESihfoufqkdifrIr&Sd[k rSwf,l
Muonf/ odkYaomfxdkodkYem;vnfoabmaygufxm;rIwGif jrifomaomjyóem
wpfcsdKU&Sdaeonf/
trsdK;orD;rsm;taejzihf qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif; (odkY) tpdk;w&jyKjcif;rsm;udk
rjyKvkyfMu&rnfhtaMumif;rSm tm'Honfa&S;OD;pGmzefqif;cH&í {0udk'kwd,ae&m
üzefqif;cJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkuusrf;ydk'fwGif&Sif;jyxm;onf/
xdkacwfumv\xHk;pHtpOftvmt& om;OD;t&müarG;zGm;vmaomolü txl;
tcGihfta&;wpfck&Sdonf/ olYudkrdom;pk\ OD;pD;OD;aqmifjzpfvmrnfholtjzpf
arQmfrSef;xm;Muonf/ zcifjzpfol\tarGudkqufcH&í xdktarGudkxdef;odrf;apmifh
a&Smuf&onf/ tm'Honfom;OD;t&müzefqif;cH&aomoljzpfonf[k&Sifaygvk
uajymjyxm;onf/ om;OD;jzpfaomaMumifh olonfbk&m;ocifa&SUawmfwGif
wdusaocsmaom wm0ef0wå&mrsm;udkydkifqkdifxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olYudk
rdom;pk\OD;pD;OD;aqmifoltjzpfarQmfrSef;xm;cJhonf/ om;OD;t&müzGm;jrifaom
aMumifh xdkoludkydkíta&;ygt&ma&mufaomol[krqdkvdkyg/ rdom;pktwGif;ü
oljyKvkyf&rnfhwm0ef0wå&m;rSmtapcH wpfOD;\wm0ef0wå&m;omjzpfonf/
rdrd\rdom;pkudk *½kpdkufapmifha&Smufívdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;zdkYwm0efudk
bk&m;ocifuolYtm;ay;xm;onf/
&Sifaygvku tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmaejcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;
aomol\oGefoifcsufudk om;OD;t½dkuft&mynwfcsufü tajccHxm;onfudk
axmufvQufwdarmaotm;ay;ydkYxm;onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;\trltusihfESihf
ywfoufaom þoGefoifcsufonf {zufNrdKUüMuHKawGUae&aomjyóemESihf
omqkdifonfr[kwf? {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü vla,musfm;ESihfvlrdef;rudkzefqif;cJhpOf
u&SdaecJhaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESihfvnf;oufqkdifrI&Sdonf/
tcef;i,f(14)wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;onf qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;?a,musfm;udk
tpdk;w&jyKjcif;rsm;udk tb,faMumifhrjyKvkyfMu&rnfhtaMumif;aemufxyf
taMumif;jycsufwpfckudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;az:jyay;cJhonf/ taumif;
tqdk;udka0zefydkif;jcm;EkdifaomtyifrS toD;udkpm;zdkYpmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;
udkcH&olrSm {0jzpfaMumif;wdarmaoudk today;xm;onf/ xdktyifrStoD;
,lípm;NyD;rSomtm'Hudkay;cJhaomaMumifh tm'Huvnf;xdk toD;udkpm;cJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ {0\vkyf&yfonftjypf'kp½dkufudk þavmuodkY aqmif,lvmcJhonf/
{0\tjypf'kp½dkuftwGuf aemufqufwGJqdk;usdK;rsm;&SdaeaMumif; &Sifaygvkajym
Mum;ae[ef&Sdonf/
tkyfpdk;jcif;udk{0tpOf0efcHae&jcif;onf olrjyKvkyfcJhaomtjypf'kp½dkuf
\&v'fr[kwfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYta&;BuD;onf/ tm'H\OD;pD;
OD;aqmifjyKjcif;udk0efcH&jcif;onf pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udk,HkMunfcJhaom aMumifh
'PfcwfpD&ifcsufwpfckr[kwfyg/ tm'Honfom;OD;t&müzefqif;jcif;cH
cJh&aMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ om;OD;jzpfaomaMumifh OD;pD;OD;aqmif
« 154 »« 153 »
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aMumif;ajymcJhonf (i,f 12)/ xdkodkYjyKMurnfhtpm; wdwfqdwfpGmoif,lMuzdkY
pdwfac:xm;onf/
þusrf;ydk'fESihfpyfvsOf;í jiif;ckefrIrsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ vlwpfcsdKUu &Sifaygvk
\oGefoifcsufonf {zufNrdKUwpfNrdKUwnf;ESihfomoufqkdifí xdkacwf{zuf
toif;awmfwGifjzpfysufcJhaomf oD;oefYjyóemwpfckESihfomqufEG,fywfoufrI
&Sdonf[k½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ þae&mü{zufNrdKUudkajymjyoGefoifay;aeaom
t&monf ,aeYacwfuREfkyfwdkY\ toif;awmfrsm;ESihfoufqkdifrIr&Sd[k rSwf,l
Muonf/ odkYaomfxdkodkYem;vnfoabmaygufxm;rIwGif jrifomaomjyóem
wpfcsdKU&Sdaeonf/
trsdK;orD;rsm;taejzihf qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif; (odkY) tpdk;w&jyKjcif;rsm;udk
rjyKvkyfMu&rnfhtaMumif;rSm tm'Honfa&S;OD;pGmzefqif;cH&í {0udk'kwd,ae&m
üzefqif;cJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkuusrf;ydk'fwGif&Sif;jyxm;onf/
xdkacwfumv\xHk;pHtpOftvmt& om;OD;t&müarG;zGm;vmaomolü txl;
tcGihfta&;wpfck&Sdonf/ olYudkrdom;pk\ OD;pD;OD;aqmifjzpfvmrnfholtjzpf
arQmfrSef;xm;Muonf/ zcifjzpfol\tarGudkqufcH&í xdktarGudkxdef;odrf;apmifh
a&Smuf&onf/ tm'Honfom;OD;t&müzefqif;cH&aomoljzpfonf[k&Sifaygvk
uajymjyxm;onf/ om;OD;jzpfaomaMumifh olonfbk&m;ocifa&SUawmfwGif
wdusaocsmaom wm0ef0wå&mrsm;udkydkifqkdifxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olYudk
rdom;pk\OD;pD;OD;aqmifoltjzpfarQmfrSef;xm;cJhonf/ om;OD;t&müzGm;jrifaom
aMumifh xdkoludkydkíta&;ygt&ma&mufaomol[krqdkvdkyg/ rdom;pktwGif;ü
oljyKvkyf&rnfhwm0ef0wå&m;rSmtapcH wpfOD;\wm0ef0wå&m;omjzpfonf/
rdrd\rdom;pkudk *½kpdkufapmifha&Smufívdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;zdkYwm0efudk
bk&m;ocifuolYtm;ay;xm;onf/
&Sifaygvku tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHí wdwfqdwfpGmaejcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;
aomol\oGefoifcsufudk om;OD;t½dkuft&mynwfcsufü tajccHxm;onfudk
axmufvQufwdarmaotm;ay;ydkYxm;onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;\trltusihfESihf
ywfoufaom þoGefoifcsufonf {zufNrdKUüMuHKawGUae&aomjyóemESihf
omqkdifonfr[kwf? {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü vla,musfm;ESihfvlrdef;rudkzefqif;cJhpOf
u&SdaecJhaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESihfvnf;oufqkdifrI&Sdonf/
tcef;i,f(14)wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;onf qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;?a,musfm;udk
tpdk;w&jyKjcif;rsm;udk tb,faMumifhrjyKvkyfMu&rnfhtaMumif;aemufxyf
taMumif;jycsufwpfckudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;az:jyay;cJhonf/ taumif;
tqdk;udka0zefydkif;jcm;EkdifaomtyifrS toD;udkpm;zdkYpmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;
udkcH&olrSm {0jzpfaMumif;wdarmaoudk today;xm;onf/ xdktyifrStoD;
,lípm;NyD;rSomtm'Hudkay;cJhaomaMumifh tm'Huvnf;xdk toD;udkpm;cJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ {0\vkyf&yfonftjypf'kp½dkufudk þavmuodkY aqmif,lvmcJhonf/
{0\tjypf'kp½dkuftwGuf aemufqufwGJqdk;usdK;rsm;&SdaeaMumif; &Sifaygvkajym
Mum;ae[ef&Sdonf/
tkyfpdk;jcif;udk{0tpOf0efcHae&jcif;onf olrjyKvkyfcJhaomtjypf'kp½dkuf
\&v'fr[kwfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYta&;BuD;onf/ tm'H\OD;pD;
OD;aqmifjyKjcif;udk0efcH&jcif;onf pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udk,HkMunfcJhaom aMumifh
'PfcwfpD&ifcsufwpfckr[kwfyg/ tm'Honfom;OD;t&müzefqif;jcif;cH
cJh&aMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ om;OD;jzpfaomaMumifh OD;pD;OD;aqmif
« 154 »« 153 »
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u@udkol&,lzdkYvdkonf/ {0onftm'Hudk ]]ulnDazmfulnDbuf}} wpfOD;tjzpfESihf
zefqif;cHcJh&aMumif; urÇmOD;usrf;üaz:jyxm;onf (urÇm 2;20-22)/ ulnD
azmfulnDzufwpfOD;taejzihf {0wGifoD;jcm;vkyfp&mu@&Sdonf/ {0pmwef\
vSnfhjzm;jcif;üus½HI;oGm;jcif; onfcifyGef;onf\tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHíae&
rnf[laomolrtwGufxm;&Sdonfh bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfudkrajymif;vJap
cJhyg/
{0pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcH&jcif;ESihf tm'Htm;tjypf 'kp½dkufudkusL;
vGefzdkYzefwD;cJhjcif;onf olrtay:üomr[kwf? vmrnfhrsdK;qufrsm;tay:txd
ygtusdK;qufrsm;udkjzpfapcJhonf[k &SifaygvkajymMum;ae[ef&Sdonf/ {0rSarG;
zGm;qif;oufvmaomolrSeforQ bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfütjypf&SdMuonf/ bk&m;
ocifESihfrdrd\&if;ESD;qufqHa&; ysufokef;jcif;wHcg;udk4if;? tjypf'kp½dkuftm;jzihf
þavmuBuD;ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;wHcg;udk4if; olrzGihfvSpfcJhNyD[laomtodpdwfESihf
wpfb0vHk;&SifoefaexkdifoGm;cJh&ygvdrfhrnf/ vlYordkif;wpfavQmufüjzpfysufcJh
aomppfyGJrsm;? tpmacgif;yg;jcif;rsm;? Ekdifvdkrif;xufjyKvkyfjcif;rsm;? tdrfaxmif
rdom;pkNydKuGJjcif;rsm;? olwpfyg;toufudkowfjcif;rsm;? t"r®jyKusihfjcif;rsm;? r½dk;
rajzmihfESihfaumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;qdk;0g;aom vkyf&yfrsm;tm;vHk;
onftjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmjcif;\ tusdK;tqufyifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&m
rsm;tm;vHk;\aumufaMumif;udkvdkufrnfqdkvQif pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udk
{0,HkMunfvufcHNyD; tjypf'kp½dkufwHcg;udkzGihfvSpfcJhonfh {'ifO,smOfBuD;rS
xdkaeYwpfaeY\ tjzpftysufudkoma&mufoGm;ygrnf/ {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJ&Sd
xdkwm;jrpfxm;aomtoD;udk tm'Huvnf;pm;cJhaomfvnf; tjypf'kp½dkuf0if
a&mufvmzdkYwHcg;zGihfay;cJholrSm {0omjzpfonf/
toif;awmfwGiftrsdK;orD;wdkY\ tcef;u@ESihfpyfvsOf;í t,ltq
trsdK;rsdK;&Sdaomfvnf;? þae&mü&Sifaygvk tusdK;oihftaMumif;oihf&Sif;jyaeonfh
t&mrSm½dk;&mxHk;"HESihfoufqkdifaomt&mr[kwf? "r®t,l0g'ESihfoufqkdifaom
t&mjzpfaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYoabmaygufxm;MuzdkYvdkonf/ om;OD;ESihfywfouf
aomynwfw&m;qDodkY &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYudk jyefvnf,laqmifoGm;cJhonf/
xdkYaemuf{0tm;jzihf þavmuütjypfw&m;rnfodkY 0ifa&mufvmcJhyHkudkjyefvnf
today;cJhonf/ zefqif;jcif;t,l0g't& bk&m;ocifonfa,musfm;ESihfrdef;r
om;rsm;ü rwluGJjym;aomtcef;u@rsm;udk ay;tyfcJhonf[k&Sifaygvku
oGefoifay;xm;onf/
þae&mü&SifaygvkoGefoifay;aeaomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYtav;xm;zdkY
vdkonf[kuREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ tcsdefrsm;pGmwGif uREfkyfwdkYonftpGef;a&muf
ajcvSrf;rsm;udkvSrf;&if; trsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfüwm;jrpfxdefcsef
xm;cJhMuonf/ trIawmfomoemvkyfief;rsm;onf trsdK;om;rsm;\xdef;csKyfrI
atmufüom&SdaecJhMuonf/ &SifaygvkutrsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfüyg0if
MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ olwdkY\tvSw&m;onfolwdkY\trIawmfaqmifjcif;
ESvHk;om;üomawGUjrifEkdifrnfhtaMumif; &SifaygvkuajymjycJhonf/ olwdkYonf
aumif;aomtusifhESihf udk,fudkwefqmqifMu&rnf/ þtcsufrsm;uuREfkyfwdkYudk
ajymjyaeonfht&mrSm uREfkyfwdkY\toif;awmfrsm;ü trsdK;rsdK;aomenf;vrf;
rsm;jzihf trIawmfaqmifEkdifzdkY wHcg;udktrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf zGihfMuzdkYvdkonf
[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif uREfkyfwdkYonf&Sifaygvk\
oGefoifcsufudktav;teufxm;MurnfqdkvQif a,musfm;om;rsm;onfacgif;
aqmifrsm;tjzpf rdrdwdkY\tcef;u@udkav;av; eufeuf&,lMuzdkYvdktyfonf/
odkYaomf trsdK;orD;rsm;rSvnf; c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü bk&m;ocifcGJcefYay;
« 156 »« 155 »
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u@udkol&,lzdkYvdkonf/ {0onftm'Hudk ]]ulnDazmfulnDbuf}} wpfOD;tjzpfESihf
zefqif;cHcJh&aMumif; urÇmOD;usrf;üaz:jyxm;onf (urÇm 2;20-22)/ ulnD
azmfulnDzufwpfOD;taejzihf {0wGifoD;jcm;vkyfp&mu@&Sdonf/ {0pmwef\
vSnfhjzm;jcif;üus½HI;oGm;jcif; onfcifyGef;onf\tkyfpdk;jcif;udktpOf0efcHíae&
rnf[laomolrtwGufxm;&Sdonfh bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfudkrajymif;vJap
cJhyg/
{0pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcH&jcif;ESihf tm'Htm;tjypf 'kp½dkufudkusL;
vGefzdkYzefwD;cJhjcif;onf olrtay:üomr[kwf? vmrnfhrsdK;qufrsm;tay:txd
ygtusdK;qufrsm;udkjzpfapcJhonf[k &SifaygvkajymMum;ae[ef&Sdonf/ {0rSarG;
zGm;qif;oufvmaomolrSeforQ bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfütjypf&SdMuonf/ bk&m;
ocifESihfrdrd\&if;ESD;qufqHa&; ysufokef;jcif;wHcg;udk4if;? tjypf'kp½dkuftm;jzihf
þavmuBuD;ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;wHcg;udk4if; olrzGihfvSpfcJhNyD[laomtodpdwfESihf
wpfb0vHk;&SifoefaexkdifoGm;cJh&ygvdrfhrnf/ vlYordkif;wpfavQmufüjzpfysufcJh
aomppfyGJrsm;? tpmacgif;yg;jcif;rsm;? Ekdifvdkrif;xufjyKvkyfjcif;rsm;? tdrfaxmif
rdom;pkNydKuGJjcif;rsm;? olwpfyg;toufudkowfjcif;rsm;? t"r®jyKusihfjcif;rsm;? r½dk;
rajzmihfESihfaumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;qdk;0g;aom vkyf&yfrsm;tm;vHk;
onftjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmjcif;\ tusdK;tqufyifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&m
rsm;tm;vHk;\aumufaMumif;udkvdkufrnfqdkvQif pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udk
{0,HkMunfvufcHNyD; tjypf'kp½dkufwHcg;udkzGihfvSpfcJhonfh {'ifO,smOfBuD;rS
xdkaeYwpfaeY\ tjzpftysufudkoma&mufoGm;ygrnf/ {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJ&Sd
xdkwm;jrpfxm;aomtoD;udk tm'Huvnf;pm;cJhaomfvnf; tjypf'kp½dkuf0if
a&mufvmzdkYwHcg;zGihfay;cJholrSm {0omjzpfonf/
toif;awmfwGiftrsdK;orD;wdkY\ tcef;u@ESihfpyfvsOf;í t,ltq
trsdK;rsdK;&Sdaomfvnf;? þae&mü&Sifaygvk tusdK;oihftaMumif;oihf&Sif;jyaeonfh
t&mrSm½dk;&mxHk;"HESihfoufqkdifaomt&mr[kwf? "r®t,l0g'ESihfoufqkdifaom
t&mjzpfaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYoabmaygufxm;MuzdkYvdkonf/ om;OD;ESihfywfouf
aomynwfw&m;qDodkY &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYudk jyefvnf,laqmifoGm;cJhonf/
xdkYaemuf{0tm;jzihf þavmuütjypfw&m;rnfodkY 0ifa&mufvmcJhyHkudkjyefvnf
today;cJhonf/ zefqif;jcif;t,l0g't& bk&m;ocifonfa,musfm;ESihfrdef;r
om;rsm;ü rwluGJjym;aomtcef;u@rsm;udk ay;tyfcJhonf[k&Sifaygvku
oGefoifay;xm;onf/
þae&mü&SifaygvkoGefoifay;aeaomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYtav;xm;zdkY
vdkonf[kuREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ tcsdefrsm;pGmwGif uREfkyfwdkYonftpGef;a&muf
ajcvSrf;rsm;udkvSrf;&if; trsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfüwm;jrpfxdefcsef
xm;cJhMuonf/ trIawmfomoemvkyfief;rsm;onf trsdK;om;rsm;\xdef;csKyfrI
atmufüom&SdaecJhMuonf/ &SifaygvkutrsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfüyg0if
MuzdkY wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ olwdkY\tvSw&m;onfolwdkY\trIawmfaqmifjcif;
ESvHk;om;üomawGUjrifEkdifrnfhtaMumif; &SifaygvkuajymjycJhonf/ olwdkYonf
aumif;aomtusifhESihf udk,fudkwefqmqifMu&rnf/ þtcsufrsm;uuREfkyfwdkYudk
ajymjyaeonfht&mrSm uREfkyfwdkY\toif;awmfrsm;ü trsdK;rsdK;aomenf;vrf;
rsm;jzihf trIawmfaqmifEkdifzdkY wHcg;udktrsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf zGihfMuzdkYvdkonf
[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif uREfkyfwdkYonf&Sifaygvk\
oGefoifcsufudktav;teufxm;MurnfqdkvQif a,musfm;om;rsm;onfacgif;
aqmifrsm;tjzpf rdrdwdkY\tcef;u@udkav;av; eufeuf&,lMuzdkYvdktyfonf/
odkYaomf trsdK;orD;rsm;rSvnf; c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü bk&m;ocifcGJcefYay;
« 156 »« 155 »
ouf
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xm;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifcGihf&&SdMuzdkY trsdK;om;rsm;uxdkacgif;
aqmifjcif;trIudk tapcHwpfa,mufuJhodkY &,lxrf;aqmifMu&rnf/
þusrf;ydk'fü &Sifaygvktav;teufxm;aomt&mrSm vlxky&dowfa&SU
ü&SdaomoGefoifolq&m^toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;\tcef;u@jzpfonf/
c&pf,meftrsdK;om;rsm;onf oGefoifolq&mESihf OD;aqmifjcif;u@udkav;av;
eufeuf&,laeMuonfudkawGUjrif&zdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;
&Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudktoday;xm;onf/ þtcef;u@udk&,ljcif;aMumifh
olwdkYonf trsdK;orD;rsm;xufomítqihfjrihfroGm;yg/ rnfodkYaomacgif;
aqmifjcif;rsdK;jzpfaeygap? xdkacgif;aqmifjcif;onf 4if;wdkYtm;udk,fcE¨mawmf
wpfckvHk;\tapcHtjzpfodkYzefwD;vdkufygonf/ or®musrf;pm\t½dk;&Sif;qHk;aom
oGefoifcsufrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tapcHrsm;jzpfonf[laomtcsufyifjzpf
onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;taejzihfvnf; bk&m;ocifua,musfm;om;tm;ay;tyf
xm;aom xdktapcHacgif;aqmifjcif;u@udkav;pm;Mu&rnf/ tjcm;wpfzuf
wGiftrsdK;om;rsm;uvnf;4if;wdkYtv,fü&Sdaom trsdK;orD;rsm;tay:ütapcH
rsm;wpfOD;uJhodkYopöm&SdwnfMunfMu&rnf/ ocifa,½Iu rdrd\udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom
toif;awmfudk tvkyftauR;jyKcJhouJhodkY a,musfm;om;rsm;uvnf; trsdK;orD;
xk\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owdxm;apmifhMunfhí ulnDyHhydk;ay;Mu&rnf/
om;zGm;jcif;trIüu,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufjcif; (i,f 15)
&Sifaygvkonfþtcef;BuD;udktvGefxl;jcm;aom usrf;csufjzihfed*Hk;csKyf
xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;?cspfjcif;?
ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYüwnfvQif om;zGm;jcif;trIü(tm;jzihf)u,fwifjcif;odkY
a&mufvdrfhrnf[kajymMum;cJhonf/ þusrf;ydk'fi,fudk twkdif;twmwpfcktxd
tao;pdwfavhvmqef;ppfoGm;zdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf om;zGm;jcif;trIü
(tm;jzihf)u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf[k OD;pGmajymjyxm;onf/ þusrf;ydk'f\
qdkvdk&if;udk usrf;pm&Sdtjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;\ teufzGihfqdkcsufabmiftwGif;ü
t"dyÜg,faz:MuzdkYvdktyfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfESihf xkdocif\um;wkdifxufü
taocHjcif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;aomu,fwifjcif;enf;r&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvkutckdif
trmqdkcJhonf/ xdkodkYajymqdkcJhonfhtwGuf trsdK;orD;rsm;onfom;zGm;jcif;tm;
jzihfu,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf[k t"dyÜg,frsdK;jzihf þydk'fudkt"dyÜg,fzGihfqdk&ef
rSmrjzpfEkdifyg/ þodkYomjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif om;rzGm;EkdifaomtrsdK;orD;rSmu,fwif
jcif;odkYa&mufEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ xdkYaMumifh tjcm;teufjyefzGihfqdkcsufvdktyfae
onf/
wcsdKUuþusrf;ydk'fudk ocifa,½IzGm;jrifjcif;ESihfqufpyfxm;onf/ þ
tcef;BuD;wGifawGU&aomusrf;pmtoGm;tvmt& {0onftjypfw&m;ESihf
'kp½dkuftrIwdkY þavmuü0ifa&mufvmzdkY wHcg;zGihfay;cJhaMumif;&Sifaygvku
uREfkyfwdkYudktoday;xm;onf/ odkYaomfþt&mESihfNyD;roGm;cJhyg/ trsdK;orD;
wpfOD;aMumifhtjypfw&m; þavmuü0ifa&mufvmcJhouJhodkY tjcm;trsdK;orD;
wpfOD;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfu,fwifjcif;udk þavmuodkYaqmif,lvm
cJhygvdrfhrnf/ {0onftjypfw&m;udk þavmuodkYaqmif,lcJhaomfvnf;rm&du
ocifa,½Ic&pfudk aqmif,lvmcJhonf/ þae&müawGU&onfh]]u,fwifjcif;}}
[laompum;vHk;onf ]]rlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfrGrf;rHay;jcif;}} (odkY)
]]aumif;rGefvmatmifjyefvnfzefwD;ay;jcif;}}[kvnf; t"dyÜg,fzGihfEkdifonf/
« 158 »« 157 »
ouf
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xm;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifcGihf&&SdMuzdkY trsdK;om;rsm;uxdkacgif;
aqmifjcif;trIudk tapcHwpfa,mufuJhodkY &,lxrf;aqmifMu&rnf/
þusrf;ydk'fü &Sifaygvktav;teufxm;aomt&mrSm vlxky&dowfa&SU
ü&SdaomoGefoifolq&m^toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;\tcef;u@jzpfonf/
c&pf,meftrsdK;om;rsm;onf oGefoifolq&mESihf OD;aqmifjcif;u@udkav;av;
eufeuf&,laeMuonfudkawGUjrif&zdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´jzpfaMumif;
&Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudktoday;xm;onf/ þtcef;u@udk&,ljcif;aMumifh
olwdkYonf trsdK;orD;rsm;xufomítqihfjrihfroGm;yg/ rnfodkYaomacgif;
aqmifjcif;rsdK;jzpfaeygap? xdkacgif;aqmifjcif;onf 4if;wdkYtm;udk,fcE¨mawmf
wpfckvHk;\tapcHtjzpfodkYzefwD;vdkufygonf/ or®musrf;pm\t½dk;&Sif;qHk;aom
oGefoifcsufrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tapcHrsm;jzpfonf[laomtcsufyifjzpf
onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;taejzihfvnf; bk&m;ocifua,musfm;om;tm;ay;tyf
xm;aom xdktapcHacgif;aqmifjcif;u@udkav;pm;Mu&rnf/ tjcm;wpfzuf
wGiftrsdK;om;rsm;uvnf;4if;wdkYtv,fü&Sdaom trsdK;orD;rsm;tay:ütapcH
rsm;wpfOD;uJhodkYopöm&SdwnfMunfMu&rnf/ ocifa,½Iu rdrd\udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom
toif;awmfudk tvkyftauR;jyKcJhouJhodkY a,musfm;om;rsm;uvnf; trsdK;orD;
xk\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owdxm;apmifhMunfhí ulnDyHhydk;ay;Mu&rnf/
om;zGm;jcif;trIüu,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufjcif; (i,f 15)
&Sifaygvkonfþtcef;BuD;udktvGefxl;jcm;aom usrf;csufjzihfed*Hk;csKyf
xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;?cspfjcif;?
ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYüwnfvQif om;zGm;jcif;trIü(tm;jzihf)u,fwifjcif;odkY
a&mufvdrfhrnf[kajymMum;cJhonf/ þusrf;ydk'fi,fudk twkdif;twmwpfcktxd
tao;pdwfavhvmqef;ppfoGm;zdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf om;zGm;jcif;trIü
(tm;jzihf)u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf[k OD;pGmajymjyxm;onf/ þusrf;ydk'f\
qdkvdk&if;udk usrf;pm&Sdtjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;\ teufzGihfqdkcsufabmiftwGif;ü
t"dyÜg,faz:MuzdkYvdktyfonf/ ocifc&pfawmfESihf xkdocif\um;wkdifxufü
taocHjcif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;aomu,fwifjcif;enf;r&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvkutckdif
trmqdkcJhonf/ xdkodkYajymqdkcJhonfhtwGuf trsdK;orD;rsm;onfom;zGm;jcif;tm;
jzihfu,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufvdrfhrnf[k t"dyÜg,frsdK;jzihf þydk'fudkt"dyÜg,fzGihfqdk&ef
rSmrjzpfEkdifyg/ þodkYomjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif om;rzGm;EkdifaomtrsdK;orD;rSmu,fwif
jcif;odkYa&mufEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ xdkYaMumifh tjcm;teufjyefzGihfqdkcsufvdktyfae
onf/
wcsdKUuþusrf;ydk'fudk ocifa,½IzGm;jrifjcif;ESihfqufpyfxm;onf/ þ
tcef;BuD;wGifawGU&aomusrf;pmtoGm;tvmt& {0onftjypfw&m;ESihf
'kp½dkuftrIwdkY þavmuü0ifa&mufvmzdkY wHcg;zGihfay;cJhaMumif;&Sifaygvku
uREfkyfwdkYudktoday;xm;onf/ odkYaomfþt&mESihfNyD;roGm;cJhyg/ trsdK;orD;
wpfOD;aMumifhtjypfw&m; þavmuü0ifa&mufvmcJhouJhodkY tjcm;trsdK;orD;
wpfOD;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifonfu,fwifjcif;udk þavmuodkYaqmif,lvm
cJhygvdrfhrnf/ {0onftjypfw&m;udk þavmuodkYaqmif,lcJhaomfvnf;rm&du
ocifa,½Ic&pfudk aqmif,lvmcJhonf/ þae&müawGU&onfh]]u,fwifjcif;}}
[laompum;vHk;onf ]]rlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfrGrf;rHay;jcif;}} (odkY)
]]aumif;rGefvmatmifjyefvnfzefwD;ay;jcif;}}[kvnf; t"dyÜg,fzGihfEkdifonf/
« 158 »« 157 »
ouf
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tjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmzdkYwHcg;zGihfay;aomolwpfOD;\ t&Sufw&m;onf
þavmuü u,fwif&SifudkaqmifMuOf;vmzdkY bk&m;ocifutjcm;olwpf
a,mufudka&G;cs,fcJhaomtcsdefü cRwf,loGm;jcif;cH&rnfhtaMumif;udk aygvkajym
xm;aMumif;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ rm&donftjypf'kp½dkufaMumifhqHk;½HI;oGm;cJhaom
t&mrsm;udk rlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfxm;ay;rnfh ocifa,½IudkarG;zGm;
oefYpifay;jcif;jzihf {0,laqmifvmcJhaom t&Suf&jcif;udky,fzsufcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf
,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;üwnfvQif om;zGm;jcif;trIü(tm;jzihf)
u,fwifjcif;(odkY)rlvtajctaeodkY jyefvnfxm;jcif;udkcH&rnf[kajymMum;
xm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\,HkMunfcsufppfrSefrI&Sdr&Sdudkod&SdzdkYtwGuf
ppfrSefaomprf;oyfrIonf ppfaMumjcif;umvüMuHUMuHUcH&Sifoef&yfwnfjcif;ESihf
oufqkdifonf/ or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;wGif bk&m;ocifua,musfm;om;ESihf
rdef;rom;rsm;udk4if;wdkY\,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYü wnfjrJMu&ef
qihfac:xm;onf (a[jAJ 10;23? 36? ,mukyf 1;12? Asm'dwf 2;26 wdkYudk
Munfhyg)/ trsdK;orD;wpfOD;\ ,HkMunfcsufppfrSefrI&Sdr&Sdudk olronf ,HkMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYwGif wnfjrJrI&Sd r&Sd[laomtcsuftm;jzihfodEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\toif;awmftwGuf &nf&G,fcsufwpfck&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf a,musfm;om;wdkYtm; tapcHo@mefacgif;aqmifjcif;u@udk
&,lMuzdkYqifhac:xm;onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; trIawmfjrwfudkwufwuf
<u<uxrf;aqmif&if; aumif;aomtusihfESihf&SdaeMuzdkYqihfac:xm;onf/ þ
avmuütjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmjcif;aMumifh qHk;½HI;oGm;cJhaomt&mrsm;udk
rlvtajctaeodkY jyefvnfaqmifMuOf&ef<uqif;vmcJhaom oli,fawmfocif
a,½Ic&pfudk arG;zGm;oefYpifay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzihf {0\t&Sufw&m;rsm;rSm
z,f&Sm;jcif;cHcJh&NyDjzpfaMumif; &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYudkjyefvnftoday;xm;onf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifonf tvSw&m;udktjyifyef;o@meftm;jzihf qHk;jzwfoHk;oyfcJhzl;
ygovm;/ þusrf;ydk'fü ppfrSefaomtvSw&m;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfh
t&mudkuREfkyfwdkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
trsdK;om;rsm;onf om;OD;t&mü&SdaeMujcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvku
rnfodkYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ om;OD;taejzihf vkyf&rnfhwm0ef0wå&m;
rsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
,aeYwGiftrsdK;orD;rsm;onf toif;awmfürnfonfh tcef;u@udk&,l
xm;MuygovJ/ toif;awmfütrsdK;om;rsm;ESihf trsdK;orD;rsm;\tcef;
u@rsm;uGJjym;jcm;em;ygovm;/
{0\t&Sufw&m;rnfodkY z,f&Sm;vGihfaysmufoGm;cJhygovJ/
toif;awmfonftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfü rnfodkYcsefvSyfxm;cJh
MuygovJ/ trsdK;orD;rsm;trIawmfjrwfü wufwuf<u<uyg0ifvmzdkY
vrf;zGihfay;jcif;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm;uacgif;aqmifjcif;udk av;av;
eufeuf&,l&jcif;[laom tcsufESpfcsufrnfodkY[efcsufnDnDjyKvkyf
Mu&rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vlwdkY\tjyifyef;o@mefudkomr[kwfyJ bk&m;ocifu½IjrifouJhodkY
½IjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 160 »« 159 »
ouf
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tjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmzdkYwHcg;zGihfay;aomolwpfOD;\ t&Sufw&m;onf
þavmuü u,fwif&SifudkaqmifMuOf;vmzdkY bk&m;ocifutjcm;olwpf
a,mufudka&G;cs,fcJhaomtcsdefü cRwf,loGm;jcif;cH&rnfhtaMumif;udk aygvkajym
xm;aMumif;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ rm&donftjypf'kp½dkufaMumifhqHk;½HI;oGm;cJhaom
t&mrsm;udk rlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfxm;ay;rnfh ocifa,½IudkarG;zGm;
oefYpifay;jcif;jzihf {0,laqmifvmcJhaom t&Suf&jcif;udky,fzsufcJhonf/
tcef;i,f 15 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; trsdK;orD;rsm;onf
,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;üwnfvQif om;zGm;jcif;trIü(tm;jzihf)
u,fwifjcif;(odkY)rlvtajctaeodkY jyefvnfxm;jcif;udkcH&rnf[kajymMum;
xm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\,HkMunfcsufppfrSefrI&Sdr&Sdudkod&SdzdkYtwGuf
ppfrSefaomprf;oyfrIonf ppfaMumjcif;umvüMuHUMuHUcH&Sifoef&yfwnfjcif;ESihf
oufqkdifonf/ or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;wGif bk&m;ocifua,musfm;om;ESihf
rdef;rom;rsm;udk4if;wdkY\,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYü wnfjrJMu&ef
qihfac:xm;onf (a[jAJ 10;23? 36? ,mukyf 1;12? Asm'dwf 2;26 wdkYudk
Munfhyg)/ trsdK;orD;wpfOD;\ ,HkMunfcsufppfrSefrI&Sdr&Sdudk olronf ,HkMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;ESihfoefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYwGif wnfjrJrI&Sd r&Sd[laomtcsuftm;jzihfodEkdifygonf/
bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\toif;awmftwGuf &nf&G,fcsufwpfck&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf a,musfm;om;wdkYtm; tapcHo@mefacgif;aqmifjcif;u@udk
&,lMuzdkYqifhac:xm;onf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; trIawmfjrwfudkwufwuf
<u<uxrf;aqmif&if; aumif;aomtusihfESihf&SdaeMuzdkYqihfac:xm;onf/ þ
avmuütjypfw&m;0ifa&mufvmjcif;aMumifh qHk;½HI;oGm;cJhaomt&mrsm;udk
rlvtajctaeodkY jyefvnfaqmifMuOf&ef<uqif;vmcJhaom oli,fawmfocif
a,½Ic&pfudk arG;zGm;oefYpifay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzihf {0\t&Sufw&m;rsm;rSm
z,f&Sm;jcif;cHcJh&NyDjzpfaMumif; &SifaygvkuuREfkyfwdkYudkjyefvnftoday;xm;onf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifonf tvSw&m;udktjyifyef;o@meftm;jzihf qHk;jzwfoHk;oyfcJhzl;
ygovm;/ þusrf;ydk'fü ppfrSefaomtvSw&m;ESihfywfoufí rnfonfh
t&mudkuREfkyfwdkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
trsdK;om;rsm;onf om;OD;t&mü&SdaeMujcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvku
rnfodkYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ om;OD;taejzihf vkyf&rnfhwm0ef0wå&m;
rsm;rSmtb,fenf;/
,aeYwGiftrsdK;orD;rsm;onf toif;awmfürnfonfh tcef;u@udk&,l
xm;MuygovJ/ toif;awmfütrsdK;om;rsm;ESihf trsdK;orD;rsm;\tcef;
u@rsm;uGJjym;jcm;em;ygovm;/
{0\t&Sufw&m;rnfodkY z,f&Sm;vGihfaysmufoGm;cJhygovJ/
toif;awmfonftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk trIawmfjrwfü rnfodkYcsefvSyfxm;cJh
MuygovJ/ trsdK;orD;rsm;trIawmfjrwfü wufwuf<u<uyg0ifvmzdkY
vrf;zGihfay;jcif;ESihf trsdK;om;rsm;uacgif;aqmifjcif;udk av;av;
eufeuf&,l&jcif;[laom tcsufESpfcsufrnfodkY[efcsufnDnDjyKvkyf
Mu&rnfenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vlwdkY\tjyifyef;o@mefudkomr[kwfyJ bk&m;ocifu½IjrifouJhodkY
½IjrifEkdif&ef ulnDrpay;zdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 160 »« 159 »
ouf
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toif;awmf&SdtkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifwdkYudk ½dkaoav;pm;wwfzdkYulnDrp
ay;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifvkyfaqmif&rnfhtcef;u@udk4if;? xdktcef;u@udk toif;awmfü
bk&m;ocifzefwD;a&;qGJxm;aom acgif;aqmifolrsm;tm;0efcHtyfESH&if;
rnfodkYvkyfaqmif&rnfudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;zGihf[jyozdkY bk&m;ocifudk
awmif;avQmufyg/
16
oif;tkyfrsm;
1 wd 3;1-7 udkzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\OD;wnfa&;om;csufudk toif;awmf\ acgif;aqmif
ydkif;rsm;taMumif;qDvdkYajymif;vdkufonf/ þtydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotm; oif;tkyfrsm;ESihf4if;wdkY\ t&nftcsif;rsm;udkajymjyay;cJhonf/
vlwpfa,mufonfoif;tkyf&mudkawmifhwaevQif xdkolonfaumif;
jrwfaomtrIudkawmifhwoljzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjyjcif;jzihf
tpjyKxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmf\trIawmfwm0efudk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJjcif;
trIonf ta&;BuD;aomwm0efwpf&yfjzpfonf/ þodkYaomtrIawmfjrwfüyg0if
MuaomolwdkYonf ½dkaoav;pm;zdkYxdkufonf/ olwdkYvkyfaqmifaeaomtrI
awmftwGuft½dktaoay;Mu&rnf/
oif;tkyfwm0efudk ayghayghwefwefrxm;oihfyg/ vlwkdif;vnf;oif;tkyf
jzpfrvmEkdifyg/ oif;tkyfrsm;onfbk&m;ocifudk udk,fpm;jyKaeMuaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ xdkodkYjzpfvmaomaMumifh olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGuf&SifoefMuzdkY
vdktyfouJhodkY odk;tkyftwGufvnf; yHkOyrmaumif;udkwnfaqmufMuzdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvku toif;awmfütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaom oif;tkyfwkdif;twGufr&Sd
rjzpft&nftcsif;rsm;[k rSwf,lxm;aomt&mrsm;udk owfrSwfwifjyxm;onf/
þtydkif;wGifxdkt&nftcsif;rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYavhvmoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
« 161 »
ouf
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toif;awmf&SdtkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifwdkYudk ½dkaoav;pm;wwfzdkYulnDrp
ay;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifvkyfaqmif&rnfhtcef;u@udk4if;? xdktcef;u@udk toif;awmfü
bk&m;ocifzefwD;a&;qGJxm;aom acgif;aqmifolrsm;tm;0efcHtyfESH&if;
rnfodkYvkyfaqmif&rnfudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;zGihf[jyozdkY bk&m;ocifudk
awmif;avQmufyg/
16
oif;tkyfrsm;
1 wd 3;1-7 udkzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf rdrd\OD;wnfa&;om;csufudk toif;awmf\ acgif;aqmif
ydkif;rsm;taMumif;qDvdkYajymif;vdkufonf/ þtydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotm; oif;tkyfrsm;ESihf4if;wdkY\ t&nftcsif;rsm;udkajymjyay;cJhonf/
vlwpfa,mufonfoif;tkyf&mudkawmifhwaevQif xdkolonfaumif;
jrwfaomtrIudkawmifhwoljzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjyjcif;jzihf
tpjyKxm;onf/ bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmf\trIawmfwm0efudk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJjcif;
trIonf ta&;BuD;aomwm0efwpf&yfjzpfonf/ þodkYaomtrIawmfjrwfüyg0if
MuaomolwdkYonf ½dkaoav;pm;zdkYxdkufonf/ olwdkYvkyfaqmifaeaomtrI
awmftwGuft½dktaoay;Mu&rnf/
oif;tkyfwm0efudk ayghayghwefwefrxm;oihfyg/ vlwkdif;vnf;oif;tkyf
jzpfrvmEkdifyg/ oif;tkyfrsm;onfbk&m;ocifudk udk,fpm;jyKaeMuaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ xdkodkYjzpfvmaomaMumifh olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGuf&SifoefMuzdkY
vdktyfouJhodkY odk;tkyftwGufvnf; yHkOyrmaumif;udkwnfaqmufMuzdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvku toif;awmfütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaom oif;tkyfwkdif;twGufr&Sd
rjzpft&nftcsif;rsm;[k rSwf,lxm;aomt&mrsm;udk owfrSwfwifjyxm;onf/
þtydkif;wGifxdkt&nftcsif;rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYavhvmoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
« 161 »
ouf
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tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfaomol (i,f 2)
]]tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf ]]ajcmufypfuif;
jcif;}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfaomolonf bk&m;ocifESihf
vdkufzufnDpGmaexkdif&Sifoefaomoljzpfonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufuolYudkykwf
cwfajymqdkp&m taMumif;t&mr&Sdyg/ odkYaomfþodkYaomyk*¾dKvfonfb,faom
tcgwGifrQtjypfrvGefusL;yg[krqdkvdkyg/ odkYaomxdkodkYtjypf usL;vGefrdcsdefüyif
tcsdefrDjrefjrefqefqefjyefvnfjyKjyifwwfonf/ tjypf'kp½dkufESihfykefuefwwfjcif;
wdkYüMumMumraeyg/ tjypfudk0efcHawmif;yefí bk&m;ocif\tjypfvTwfjcif;udk
vufcH&,lonf/
r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdaomol (i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;oif;tkyfonf r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdaom
oljzpf&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ þae&müuREfkyfwdkY avhvmzdkYtaMumif;t&mtenf;
i,f&Sdonf/ yxrOD;pGm a,musfm;om;rsm;taejzihf r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&SdMu
&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufwpfckjzpfaMumif; uREfkyfem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyf
onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif trsdK;om;rsm;ür,m;wpfa,mufru&SdcJhMuaMumif;
rSmrSefygonf/ þtcsif;t&mudkbk&m;ocifudk tcGihfay;cJhaomfvnf; bk&m;
ocif\&nf&G,fcsufawmhr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifutm'Htm; r,m;wpfa,muf
omay;cJhonf/ r,m;wpfa,mufxufru,lcJhMuaomolrsm;wGuf pnf;rsOf;
Oya'orsm;udk ay;tyfcJhonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYonftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk
rw&m;jyKusihfjcif;&efrS umuG,fay;&efay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfonf
r,m;wpfa,mufxufydkr,lEkdifaMumif; &Sifaygvku &Sif;&Sif;vif;az:jyay;xm;
onf/
r,m;wpfa,mufom&Sdjcif;[laomtcsufonf em;vnfzdkYawmfawmf
cufaomt&mjzpfonf/ ZeD;r,m;qHk;yg;oGm;í aemufxyftdrfaxmifopf
xlaxmifxm;aomolonf oif;tkyfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ vuf&SdwGifolonfZeD;onf
wpfOD;ESihfom aygif;oif;aexkdifaeaomfvnf; olYb0wGifZeD;wpfa,mufxuf
ydkí&SdcJhygonf/ ZeD;onfESihfuGm&Sif;jywfpJí aemuftdrfaxmifudkxlvdkufaom
trsdK;om;wpfOD;twGufqdkvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ tdrfaxmifa&;opöm
azmufjcif;twGuf vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;udkor®musrf;pmu cGihfjyKxm;onf/
xdkYtjyif r,HkMunfoltdrfaxmifbufu pGefYcGmoGm;aomtcgü vifr,m;uGm&Sif;
jcif;udkor®musrf;pmucGihfjyKay;xm;onf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf4if;\ZeD;onf
jzpfoludkjzpfonfhenf;jzihf cspfjrwfEdk;ítqifajyzdkYBudK;pm;aeonfhMum;üyif
ZeD;onfjzpfolu tdrfaxmifa&;azmufjyefjcif;udk tBudrfBudrfusL;vGefaeonfh
tajctaeudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ olonfZeD;onfjzpfoludk uGm&Sif;jywfpJí aemuf
tdrfaxmifxlvdkufygu olonfoif;tkyftwGufoihfawmfygao;ovm;/ trsdK;
om;wpfa,mufonf 4if;\ZeD;onftay:ü opömazmufcJhaomfvnf;olonf
rdrd\tjypfrsm;udk0efcsawmif;yefí ZeD;onfESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfcJhNyD; om,m
aomtdrfaxmifudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufcJhvQif xdkolonfoif;tkyft&mü
trIawmfaqmifEkdifygovm;/ vlwa,mufonfocifa,½Iudk ,HkMunfvufcH
jcif;r&Sdao;cifu pm&dwåqdk;npfazmufjyefrIrsm;ESihfaexkdifcJhNyD;vQif xdkolonf
oif;tkyfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ ZeD;r,m;tajrmuftrsm;ESihfaygif;oif;aexkdifjcif;udk
cGihfjyKvufcHaomxHk;pHtpOftvm,Ofaus;rIüaexkdifaomvlwpfa,muftwGuf
qdkvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ olonftoif;awmfüacgif;aqmift½dkuft&m
« 164 »« 163 »
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tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfaomol (i,f 2)
]]tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf ]]ajcmufypfuif;
jcif;}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ tjypfwifcGihfESihfuif;vGwfaomolonf bk&m;ocifESihf
vdkufzufnDpGmaexkdif&Sifoefaomoljzpfonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufuolYudkykwf
cwfajymqdkp&m taMumif;t&mr&Sdyg/ odkYaomfþodkYaomyk*¾dKvfonfb,faom
tcgwGifrQtjypfrvGefusL;yg[krqdkvdkyg/ odkYaomxdkodkYtjypf usL;vGefrdcsdefüyif
tcsdefrDjrefjrefqefqefjyefvnfjyKjyifwwfonf/ tjypf'kp½dkufESihfykefuefwwfjcif;
wdkYüMumMumraeyg/ tjypfudk0efcHawmif;yefí bk&m;ocif\tjypfvTwfjcif;udk
vufcH&,lonf/
r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdaomol (i,f 2)
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;oif;tkyfonf r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdaom
oljzpf&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ þae&müuREfkyfwdkY avhvmzdkYtaMumif;t&mtenf;
i,f&Sdonf/ yxrOD;pGm a,musfm;om;rsm;taejzihf r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&SdMu
&efrSm bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufwpfckjzpfaMumif; uREfkyfem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyf
onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif trsdK;om;rsm;ür,m;wpfa,mufru&SdcJhMuaMumif;
rSmrSefygonf/ þtcsif;t&mudkbk&m;ocifudk tcGihfay;cJhaomfvnf; bk&m;
ocif\&nf&G,fcsufawmhr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifutm'Htm; r,m;wpfa,muf
omay;cJhonf/ r,m;wpfa,mufxufru,lcJhMuaomolrsm;wGuf pnf;rsOf;
Oya'orsm;udk ay;tyfcJhonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYonftrsdK;orD;rsm;udk
rw&m;jyKusihfjcif;&efrS umuG,fay;&efay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfonf
r,m;wpfa,mufxufydkr,lEkdifaMumif; &Sifaygvku &Sif;&Sif;vif;az:jyay;xm;
onf/
r,m;wpfa,mufom&Sdjcif;[laomtcsufonf em;vnfzdkYawmfawmf
cufaomt&mjzpfonf/ ZeD;r,m;qHk;yg;oGm;í aemufxyftdrfaxmifopf
xlaxmifxm;aomolonf oif;tkyfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ vuf&SdwGifolonfZeD;onf
wpfOD;ESihfom aygif;oif;aexkdifaeaomfvnf; olYb0wGifZeD;wpfa,mufxuf
ydkí&SdcJhygonf/ ZeD;onfESihfuGm&Sif;jywfpJí aemuftdrfaxmifudkxlvdkufaom
trsdK;om;wpfOD;twGufqdkvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ tdrfaxmifa&;opöm
azmufjcif;twGuf vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;udkor®musrf;pmu cGihfjyKxm;onf/
xdkYtjyif r,HkMunfoltdrfaxmifbufu pGefYcGmoGm;aomtcgü vifr,m;uGm&Sif;
jcif;udkor®musrf;pmucGihfjyKay;xm;onf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf4if;\ZeD;onf
jzpfoludkjzpfonfhenf;jzihf cspfjrwfEdk;ítqifajyzdkYBudK;pm;aeonfhMum;üyif
ZeD;onfjzpfolu tdrfaxmifa&;azmufjyefjcif;udk tBudrfBudrfusL;vGefaeonfh
tajctaeudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ olonfZeD;onfjzpfoludk uGm&Sif;jywfpJí aemuf
tdrfaxmifxlvdkufygu olonfoif;tkyftwGufoihfawmfygao;ovm;/ trsdK;
om;wpfa,mufonf 4if;\ZeD;onftay:ü opömazmufcJhaomfvnf;olonf
rdrd\tjypfrsm;udk0efcsawmif;yefí ZeD;onfESihfjyefvnfoihfjrwfcJhNyD; om,m
aomtdrfaxmifudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufcJhvQif xdkolonfoif;tkyft&mü
trIawmfaqmifEkdifygovm;/ vlwa,mufonfocifa,½Iudk ,HkMunfvufcH
jcif;r&Sdao;cifu pm&dwåqdk;npfazmufjyefrIrsm;ESihfaexkdifcJhNyD;vQif xdkolonf
oif;tkyfjzpfEkdifygovm;/ ZeD;r,m;tajrmuftrsm;ESihfaygif;oif;aexkdifjcif;udk
cGihfjyKvufcHaomxHk;pHtpOftvm,Ofaus;rIüaexkdifaomvlwpfa,muftwGuf
qdkvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ olonftoif;awmfüacgif;aqmift½dkuft&m
« 164 »« 163 »
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wpfckckudk&,lzdkYudk,fhudkukd,f tqihfrrDatmifvkyfaeygovm;/ a,musfm;wpf
a,mufonftrsdK;orD;wpfa,mufudk udavompdwfESihfMunfhvQif xdkolonf
pdwfESvHk;xJü xdkrdef;rESihfjypfrSm;rdNyD[k ocifa,½IajymcJhonfr[kwfygvm;/ þ
uJhodkYaomudavompdwf jzihftrsdK;om;wpfa,mufonf trsdK;orD;wpfa,muf
MunfhcJhvQif xdkolonfaemufxyfZeD;wpfa,mufudkpdwfxJü vufxyfvdkufjcif;
r[kwfygvm;/ þar;cGef;rsm;tm;vHk;udkajzqdkzdkYqdkvQif aemufxyfoD;oefYpmtkyf
wpftkyfudka&;om;jyK&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh txufygar;cGef;rsm;udkajzMum;zdkY
pnf;rsOf;Oya'owpfcsdKUudkay;vdkufcsifygonf/
yxrtaejzihf vlwdkif;\twdwfjzpf&yfrsm;udkjyefvnfwl;qGíqef;ppf
MurnfqdkvQif rnfolrQtoif;awmfacgif;aqmifjzpf vm&eft&nftcsif;jynfhrDzdkY
rSm jzpfEkdifzG,fr&Sdyg/ wrefawmfaygvkonfrdrd\twdwftaMumif;udk *kPf,l0ifh
<um;raecJhyg/ &Sifayw½konfvnf; ocifa,½IudkoduRrf;&if;ESD;NyD;rS oHk;Budrfwkdif
wdkifjiif;y,fcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;udkrrDaom
acgif;aqmifrsm;udk or®musrf;pmüuREfkyfwdkYtBudrfBudrfawGU &ygonf/ &Sifaygvk
ESihf&Sifayw½kwdkY\twdwfu qHk;½HI;ysufuGufrIrsm;rnfodkYyif&SdcJhapumrl bk&m;
ocifonfolwdkYudktoHk;jyKzdkY a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYudkOD;aqmifaomacgif;
aqmifrsm;\ twdwftaMumif;rsm;udkvdktyfonfxuf jyefvnfwl;qGjcif;rsm;udk
*½kpdkufMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;udkcGihfvTwfaomtcg xdkcGihf
vTwfay;vdkufaomt&mudk qufvufqkyfudkifrxm;yg/ bk&m;ocif\cGihfvTwf
jcif;w&m;onf NyD;jynfhpHkaomcGihfvTwfjcif;w&m;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfudktqdk;
0g;qHk;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhol &SifaygvkudkyifcGihfvTwfay;cJhNyD; oif;tkyfwpfa,muf
t&mücefYxm;cJhygonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;yg;udk a&G;cs,faomtcgüocifc&pf
awmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\twdwfu us½HI;ysufuGufrIrsm;ESihf tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;udk
cGihfvTwfí rdrdESihfjynfh0jynfhpHkaom rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;ü uREfkyfwdkYudkjyefvnf
xm;&SdcJhonf[laomtcsufudk trSwf&aeMuzdkYvdktyfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYar;&rnfh
ar;cGef;rSmxdkyk*¾dKvfonf vuf&SdwGifbk&m;ocifESihf4if;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf4if; vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&SdpGm aexkdifusihfMuHaeygovm;
[laomar;cGef;jzpfonf/ olonfbk&m;ocif\ cGihfvTwfjcif;udk&&Sdíxdk cGihfvTwf
jcif;toufwmüaexkdif&Sifoefaeygovm;/
'kwd,taejzihf toif;awmf\acgif;aqmifydkif;ü&SdMuzdkY bk&m;ocif
tvdk&Sdaomolrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkcsrSwfaomtcg toif;
awmf\aumif;&maumif;usdK;udkvnf; uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfwGifxm;&SdMu&rnf/ toif;
awmf&Sdtjcm;aom ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufxdrdívJp&mrjzpfMuzdkY &Sifaygvku
tBudrfBudrfoGefoifay;xm;onf(a&mr 14;15-21)/ nDtpfudkwpfa,mufonf
toif;awmf&Sdtjcm;olrsm;twGuf xdrdívJp&mjzpfvmEkdifonf[k pDppfoHk;oyfrd
vQifxdknDtpfudk þ&mxl;ü trIawmfaqmif&ef cGihfrjyKzdkYrSmtaumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
vlwpfa,mufonftjypf'kp½dkufü usifvnfcJhNyD;rSocifbk&m;udkoduRrf;vmonf
[kpdwful;Munfhyg/ todkif;t0dkif;xJü4if; toif;awmfxJü4if; xdkol\aemuf
aMumif;Zmwfvrf;udk txl;owdjyKrdMuaom,HkMunfolrsm; &Sdaumif;&SdaeMuvdrfh
rnf/ toif;awmfESihftodkif;t0ef;twGif;ü xdkt&monfjyóemwpfckjzpfae
vQif xdkoludktrIawmfaqmifcGihfrjyKrDwGif toif;awmfESihftodkif;t0ef;twGif;&Sd
tjcm;olrsm;ESihf topfaom,HkMunfrIudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYtoif;awmfu
tcsdefumvwpfcktxd cGihfjyKxm;vQiftaumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
þusrf;csuf\toGm;tvmü aemufxyftao;pdwfavhvmqef;ppfzdkY
« 166 »« 165 »
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wpfckckudk&,lzdkYudk,fhudkukd,f tqihfrrDatmifvkyfaeygovm;/ a,musfm;wpf
a,mufonftrsdK;orD;wpfa,mufudk udavompdwfESihfMunfhvQif xdkolonf
pdwfESvHk;xJü xdkrdef;rESihfjypfrSm;rdNyD[k ocifa,½IajymcJhonfr[kwfygvm;/ þ
uJhodkYaomudavompdwf jzihftrsdK;om;wpfa,mufonf trsdK;orD;wpfa,muf
MunfhcJhvQif xdkolonfaemufxyfZeD;wpfa,mufudkpdwfxJü vufxyfvdkufjcif;
r[kwfygvm;/ þar;cGef;rsm;tm;vHk;udkajzqdkzdkYqdkvQif aemufxyfoD;oefYpmtkyf
wpftkyfudka&;om;jyK&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh txufygar;cGef;rsm;udkajzMum;zdkY
pnf;rsOf;Oya'owpfcsdKUudkay;vdkufcsifygonf/
yxrtaejzihf vlwdkif;\twdwfjzpf&yfrsm;udkjyefvnfwl;qGíqef;ppf
MurnfqdkvQif rnfolrQtoif;awmfacgif;aqmifjzpf vm&eft&nftcsif;jynfhrDzdkY
rSm jzpfEkdifzG,fr&Sdyg/ wrefawmfaygvkonfrdrd\twdwftaMumif;udk *kPf,l0ifh
<um;raecJhyg/ &Sifayw½konfvnf; ocifa,½IudkoduRrf;&if;ESD;NyD;rS oHk;Budrfwkdif
wdkifjiif;y,fcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifowfrSwfxm;aom pHcsdefpHñTef;udkrrDaom
acgif;aqmifrsm;udk or®musrf;pmüuREfkyfwdkYtBudrfBudrfawGU &ygonf/ &Sifaygvk
ESihf&Sifayw½kwdkY\twdwfu qHk;½HI;ysufuGufrIrsm;rnfodkYyif&SdcJhapumrl bk&m;
ocifonfolwdkYudktoHk;jyKzdkY a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYudkOD;aqmifaomacgif;
aqmifrsm;\ twdwftaMumif;rsm;udkvdktyfonfxuf jyefvnfwl;qGjcif;rsm;udk
*½kpdkufMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlrsdK;rsm;udkcGihfvTwfaomtcg xdkcGihf
vTwfay;vdkufaomt&mudk qufvufqkyfudkifrxm;yg/ bk&m;ocif\cGihfvTwf
jcif;w&m;onf NyD;jynfhpHkaomcGihfvTwfjcif;w&m;jzpfonf/ toif;awmfudktqdk;
0g;qHk;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcJhol &SifaygvkudkyifcGihfvTwfay;cJhNyD; oif;tkyfwpfa,muf
t&mücefYxm;cJhygonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;yg;udk a&G;cs,faomtcgüocifc&pf
awmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\twdwfu us½HI;ysufuGufrIrsm;ESihf tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;udk
cGihfvTwfí rdrdESihfjynfh0jynfhpHkaom rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;ü uREfkyfwdkYudkjyefvnf
xm;&SdcJhonf[laomtcsufudk trSwf&aeMuzdkYvdktyfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYar;&rnfh
ar;cGef;rSmxdkyk*¾dKvfonf vuf&SdwGifbk&m;ocifESihf4if;? bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf4if; vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&SdpGm aexkdifusihfMuHaeygovm;
[laomar;cGef;jzpfonf/ olonfbk&m;ocif\ cGihfvTwfjcif;udk&&Sdíxdk cGihfvTwf
jcif;toufwmüaexkdif&Sifoefaeygovm;/
'kwd,taejzihf toif;awmf\acgif;aqmifydkif;ü&SdMuzdkY bk&m;ocif
tvdk&Sdaomolrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkcsrSwfaomtcg toif;
awmf\aumif;&maumif;usdK;udkvnf; uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfwGifxm;&SdMu&rnf/ toif;
awmf&Sdtjcm;aom ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufxdrdívJp&mrjzpfMuzdkY &Sifaygvku
tBudrfBudrfoGefoifay;xm;onf(a&mr 14;15-21)/ nDtpfudkwpfa,mufonf
toif;awmf&Sdtjcm;olrsm;twGuf xdrdívJp&mjzpfvmEkdifonf[k pDppfoHk;oyfrd
vQifxdknDtpfudk þ&mxl;ü trIawmfaqmif&ef cGihfrjyKzdkYrSmtaumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
vlwpfa,mufonftjypf'kp½dkufü usifvnfcJhNyD;rSocifbk&m;udkoduRrf;vmonf
[kpdwful;Munfhyg/ todkif;t0dkif;xJü4if; toif;awmfxJü4if; xdkol\aemuf
aMumif;Zmwfvrf;udk txl;owdjyKrdMuaom,HkMunfolrsm; &Sdaumif;&SdaeMuvdrfh
rnf/ toif;awmfESihftodkif;t0ef;twGif;ü xdkt&monfjyóemwpfckjzpfae
vQif xdkoludktrIawmfaqmifcGihfrjyKrDwGif toif;awmfESihftodkif;t0ef;twGif;&Sd
tjcm;olrsm;ESihf topfaom,HkMunfrIudk jyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYtoif;awmfu
tcsdefumvwpfcktxd cGihfjyKxm;vQiftaumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
þusrf;csuf\toGm;tvmü aemufxyftao;pdwfavhvmqef;ppfzdkY
« 166 »« 165 »
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tcsufwpfcsuf&Sdaeao;onf/ toif;awmf\oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf tdrfaxmif
uszdkYvdktyfygovm;/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf r,m;wpfa,muf&Sdaomoljzpf&rnf
[k&Sifaygvkqdkxm;onf/ olYür,m;r&SdcJhvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ olonf
oif;tkyfwpfyg;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ &Sifaygvkudk,fwkdifuvnf; tdrfaxmifrjyKcJh
aMumif; uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ ocifbk&m;\trIawmfudkomí
aumif;pGmjyKEkdifrnftaMumif; rxdrf;jrm;bJaernf[kpD&ifqHk;jzwfxm;Ekdifaom
olwdkYtm; tdrfaxmifrjyKMuzdkY &Sifaygvku,HkMunfolwdkYudk cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;
cJhonf(1aum 7 udkavhvmyg)/ xdkodkYjzpfvQifoif;tkyfwpfyg;onf tdrfaxmifjyK
xm;oljzpf&rnf[k rjy|mef;oihfyg/
or®mowd&Sdaomol (i,f 2)
]]or®mowd&Sdjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf t&ufaopmudktoHk;jyKjcif;ESihf
qufEG,frI&Sdonf/ or®mowd&SdonfqdkonfrSm t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;udk
a&SmifMuOfjcif;(odkY) toifhtwifhomaomufoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;
onft&ufaopmudktpGJaomufaomolrjzpf&/ olonfrdrdudk,fcE¨m\tvdkudk
4if;? pdwfqE´rsm;udk4if;? tmomjyif;jyjcif;rsm;udk4if; csKyfwnf;xm;&rnf/ t&uf
aopmESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihfvnf;ouf
qkdifqufEG,faeygonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonft&mtm;vHk;ü toihftwihfjzpf
zdkYvdktyfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmudk csnfaESmifxdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifaom
tusihfrsm;ESihf tpGJtvrf;rsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/ oif;tkyfonf rdrd\pdwfqE´rsm;?
tmoDojyif;jyrIrsm;ESihf pm;csifaomufcsifpdwfrsm;udkxdef;csKyfxm;&rnf/
£a`E´apmihfaomol (i,f 2)
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf ½dkaoxdkufaomolvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ £a`E´
apmifhjcif;qdkonfrSm rdrdteD;tem;&SdvlwdkY\ ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;udk&&SdEkdifrnfh
toufwmrsdK;jzihf &Sifoefaexkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ ol&SifoefaexkdifyHkonfvltrsm;
uESpfouftm;usí yHkOyrmwpfcktjzpf&,lwkyaomaexkdifjcif;rsdK;jzpf&rnf/
{nfhonf0wfudkjyKaomol (i,f 2)
{nfhonf0wfudkjyKwwfjcif;[laompum;vHk;onf {nfhonfolpdrf;rsm;
udkcspfcifwwfaomcspfjcif;arwåmrsdK;udk&nfñTef;onf/ oif;tkyfonfrdrdESihf
oduRrf;aomolrsm;? rdrd\teD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;udkom trItauR;jyK&rnfr[kwf?
olpdrf;wpf&HqHrsm;txdyg qefYxkwfítrIawmfaqmif&rnf/ {nfhonf0wfudk
jyKjcif;onf ay;urf;pGefYMuJwwfjcif;ESihfqufEG,frI&Sdonf/ oif;tkyfonf
apwemo'´gw&m;xufoefzdkYvdktyfonf/ olt"duxm;&rnfht&monf
olvkyfcsifaomt&mESihf &if;ESD;aomrdwfaqGrsm;r[kwfyg/ olonf vlrsdK;?
vlrIa&;tqihftwef; (odkY) tjyifyef;toGiftjyifwdkYukd *½krxm;bJvltm;vHk;udk
vdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHzdkYvdktyfygonf/ olonfvltm;vHk;tay:ü cspfjcif;arwåm
ESihfapwemw&m;wdkYudkjyo&rnf/
qHk;rMo0g'ay;wwfaomol (i,f 2)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf qHk;rMo0g'ay;Ekdifaomoljzpf&rnf/ þtrIonf
oif;tkyfwpfyg;\ t"duvkyfief;wm0efwpf&yfjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdxdef;ausmif;
rIatmufü&SdaeaomolwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf tMuHtpnf
« 168 »« 167 »
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tcsufwpfcsuf&Sdaeao;onf/ toif;awmf\oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf tdrfaxmif
uszdkYvdktyfygovm;/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf r,m;wpfa,muf&Sdaomoljzpf&rnf
[k&Sifaygvkqdkxm;onf/ olYür,m;r&SdcJhvQif rnfodkYjzpfrnfenf;/ olonf
oif;tkyfwpfyg;jzpfEkdifygovm;/ &Sifaygvkudk,fwkdifuvnf; tdrfaxmifrjyKcJh
aMumif; uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ ocifbk&m;\trIawmfudkomí
aumif;pGmjyKEkdifrnftaMumif; rxdrf;jrm;bJaernf[kpD&ifqHk;jzwfxm;Ekdifaom
olwdkYtm; tdrfaxmifrjyKMuzdkY &Sifaygvku,HkMunfolwdkYudk cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;
cJhonf(1aum 7 udkavhvmyg)/ xdkodkYjzpfvQifoif;tkyfwpfyg;onf tdrfaxmifjyK
xm;oljzpf&rnf[k rjy|mef;oihfyg/
or®mowd&Sdaomol (i,f 2)
]]or®mowd&Sdjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf t&ufaopmudktoHk;jyKjcif;ESihf
qufEG,frI&Sdonf/ or®mowd&SdonfqdkonfrSm t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;udk
a&SmifMuOfjcif;(odkY) toifhtwifhomaomufoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;
onft&ufaopmudktpGJaomufaomolrjzpf&/ olonfrdrdudk,fcE¨m\tvdkudk
4if;? pdwfqE´rsm;udk4if;? tmomjyif;jyjcif;rsm;udk4if; csKyfwnf;xm;&rnf/ t&uf
aopmESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;onf tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihfvnf;ouf
qkdifqufEG,faeygonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonft&mtm;vHk;ü toihftwihfjzpf
zdkYvdktyfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmudk csnfaESmifxdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifaom
tusihfrsm;ESihf tpGJtvrf;rsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/ oif;tkyfonf rdrd\pdwfqE´rsm;?
tmoDojyif;jyrIrsm;ESihf pm;csifaomufcsifpdwfrsm;udkxdef;csKyfxm;&rnf/
£a`E´apmihfaomol (i,f 2)
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf ½dkaoxdkufaomolvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ £a`E´
apmifhjcif;qdkonfrSm rdrdteD;tem;&SdvlwdkY\ ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;udk&&SdEkdifrnfh
toufwmrsdK;jzihf &Sifoefaexkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ ol&SifoefaexkdifyHkonfvltrsm;
uESpfouftm;usí yHkOyrmwpfcktjzpf&,lwkyaomaexkdifjcif;rsdK;jzpf&rnf/
{nfhonf0wfudkjyKaomol (i,f 2)
{nfhonf0wfudkjyKwwfjcif;[laompum;vHk;onf {nfhonfolpdrf;rsm;
udkcspfcifwwfaomcspfjcif;arwåmrsdK;udk&nfñTef;onf/ oif;tkyfonfrdrdESihf
oduRrf;aomolrsm;? rdrd\teD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;udkom trItauR;jyK&rnfr[kwf?
olpdrf;wpf&HqHrsm;txdyg qefYxkwfítrIawmfaqmif&rnf/ {nfhonf0wfudk
jyKjcif;onf ay;urf;pGefYMuJwwfjcif;ESihfqufEG,frI&Sdonf/ oif;tkyfonf
apwemo'´gw&m;xufoefzdkYvdktyfonf/ olt"duxm;&rnfht&monf
olvkyfcsifaomt&mESihf &if;ESD;aomrdwfaqGrsm;r[kwfyg/ olonf vlrsdK;?
vlrIa&;tqihftwef; (odkY) tjyifyef;toGiftjyifwdkYukd *½krxm;bJvltm;vHk;udk
vdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHzdkYvdktyfygonf/ olonfvltm;vHk;tay:ü cspfjcif;arwåm
ESihfapwemw&m;wdkYudkjyo&rnf/
qHk;rMo0g'ay;wwfaomol (i,f 2)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf qHk;rMo0g'ay;Ekdifaomoljzpf&rnf/ þtrIonf
oif;tkyfwpfyg;\ t"duvkyfief;wm0efwpf&yfjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdxdef;ausmif;
rIatmufü&SdaeaomolwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf tMuHtpnf
« 168 »« 167 »
ouf
ooooo
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkYvdktyfonf/ þae&mütoHk;jyKxm;aom
]]wwfEdkifonf}} [laompum;vHk;onf xdktrIudkvkyfaqmifzdkY ]]wwfuRrf;onf}}
(odkY) ]]txHkyg&rD&Sdonf}} (pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;&&Sdxm;onf)[lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf oif;tkyf\tcef;u@udk&,lcJhvQif olonfbk&m;ocif
\vlrsdK;wdkYudk or®mw&m;tm;oGefoifay;jcif;ESihf xdkor®mw&m;qDodkYaqmifMuOf
ay;oGm;jcif;[laom&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf xdktcef;u@udk&,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;rsm;tm; EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;udk
oGefoifay;&efwm0ef&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;vif;pGmajymMum;cJhonf/
oGefoifyHk oGefoifenf;trsdK;rsdK;&SdaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYowdjyKMu&rnf/
oGefoifjcif;enf;tm;vHk;udk or®musrf;pmoifwef;rsm;üom jyKMuonfr[kwfyg/
xda&mufrIt&SdqHk;q&mtcsKdY rSmrdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufudkvltrsm;a&SUü &Sifoefjyo
Muaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcsdKUrSmvlwdkYudkbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\or®m
w&m;xJodkY tMuHay;aqmif,loGm;EkdifMuonf/ oif;tkyftm;vHk;w&m;a[m
pifjrihfxufü&yfí w&m;a[m½HkoufoufjyKEkdifMu&rnfrnfr[kwf? EIwfpum;
tm;jzihf4if;? yHkOyrmtm;jzihf4if; oGefoifay;EkdifaomoljzpfMu&rnf/
pyspf&nfESifhaysmfarGUjcif;r&Sd (i,f 3)
þtaMumif;t&mudkapmapmydkif;ü uREfkyfwdkYajymcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf rdrd\pdwfqE´rsm;? &r®ufrsm;ESihftmoDojyif;jyrIwdkYudkcsKyf
wnf;EkdifaomolwpfOD;jzpf&rnf/ olonf udk,fhudkudk,fcsKyfwnf;zdkYvdktyfonf/
þae&mwGiftxl;ojzihf olonfpyspf&nfudkaomf4if;? tjcm;aomt&ufaopm
wdkYudkrSD0Jjcif;udkcsKyfwnf;zdkYvdkonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;t&ufaopm&pfrl;aejcif;
udkwm;jrpfxm;onf/ oif;tkyfonfbk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\ xdef;csKyfjcif;udk
omcH&rnfholjzpfonf/ t&ufaopm\xdef;csKyfrIrsdK;udk rcHapoihfyg/
olwpfyg;udk½dkufykwfjcif;r&Sd jznf;n§if;aomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf pyspf&nfudkrSD0Jjcif;ESihf tjcm;pGJvrf;apwwfaom
t&mrsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;üom udk,fhudkudk,fxdef;csKyfzdkYvdkonfr[kwf? rdrd\pdwf
cHpm;rIrsm;udkvnf;xdef;csKyf&rnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;tkyf
jzpfolonf Murf;MuKwfjyif;xefaomolrjzpf&[kajymcJhonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
olonfolwpfyg;ESihf cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;zdkYr&SmMuH&[líjzpfonf/ xdkodkYjyKrnfhtpm;
olonfEl;nHhodrfarGUípdwf&SnfNyD; jznf;n§if;aomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;tkyfjzpfol
onftjcm;olrsm;tay:ü MoZmjyNyD; xdkolwdkYuolYudkemrcHaomtcgü trsuf
a'goxGuf&efrSmtvGefvG,fulygonf/ acgif;aqmiftcsdKUwdkYonfr&raeckdif;
wwfí &ufpufMurf;wrf;Muonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrd\vlwdkYudkEl;nHh
odrfarGUjcif;? pmem½dkif;yif;wwfjcif;wdkYESihftwlOD;aqmif&rnf[k &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoudkajymcJhonf/ rdrdwdkY\vlrsm;udkcspfjcif;*½kPmw&m;? ½dkaoav;pm;
jcif;wdkYESihfrqufqHMuaom toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;aMumifh pdwfxdcdkufem
usifcJhMuaom c&pf,meftajrmuftrsm;udk uREfkyfawGUMuHKzl;onf/ acgif;aqmif
jzpfolwdkY\ pdwf&if;rSmrSefuefcJhEkdifygaomfvnf; 4if;wdkY\enf;pepfrSmrSm;,Gif;
cJhonf/ acgif;aqmifwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\acgif;aqmifrIatmuf&Sdvlrsm; tay:ü
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkY&SdMuzdkYvdktyfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkazmfjy
« 170 »« 169 »
ouf
ooooo
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkYvdktyfonf/ þae&mütoHk;jyKxm;aom
]]wwfEdkifonf}} [laompum;vHk;onf xdktrIudkvkyfaqmifzdkY ]]wwfuRrf;onf}}
(odkY) ]]txHkyg&rD&Sdonf}} (pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;&&Sdxm;onf)[lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf oif;tkyf\tcef;u@udk&,lcJhvQif olonfbk&m;ocif
\vlrsdK;wdkYudk or®mw&m;tm;oGefoifay;jcif;ESihf xdkor®mw&m;qDodkYaqmifMuOf
ay;oGm;jcif;[laom&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf xdktcef;u@udk&,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;rsm;tm; EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;udk
oGefoifay;&efwm0ef&SdaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;vif;pGmajymMum;cJhonf/
oGefoifyHk oGefoifenf;trsdK;rsdK;&SdaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYowdjyKMu&rnf/
oGefoifjcif;enf;tm;vHk;udk or®musrf;pmoifwef;rsm;üom jyKMuonfr[kwfyg/
xda&mufrIt&SdqHk;q&mtcsKdY rSmrdrdwdkY\,HkMunfcsufudkvltrsm;a&SUü &Sifoefjyo
Muaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tcsdKUrSmvlwdkYudkbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\or®m
w&m;xJodkY tMuHay;aqmif,loGm;EkdifMuonf/ oif;tkyftm;vHk;w&m;a[m
pifjrihfxufü&yfí w&m;a[m½HkoufoufjyKEkdifMu&rnfrnfr[kwf? EIwfpum;
tm;jzihf4if;? yHkOyrmtm;jzihf4if; oGefoifay;EkdifaomoljzpfMu&rnf/
pyspf&nfESifhaysmfarGUjcif;r&Sd (i,f 3)
þtaMumif;t&mudkapmapmydkif;ü uREfkyfwdkYajymcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf rdrd\pdwfqE´rsm;? &r®ufrsm;ESihftmoDojyif;jyrIwdkYudkcsKyf
wnf;EkdifaomolwpfOD;jzpf&rnf/ olonf udk,fhudkudk,fcsKyfwnf;zdkYvdktyfonf/
þae&mwGiftxl;ojzihf olonfpyspf&nfudkaomf4if;? tjcm;aomt&ufaopm
wdkYudkrSD0Jjcif;udkcsKyfwnf;zdkYvdkonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;t&ufaopm&pfrl;aejcif;
udkwm;jrpfxm;onf/ oif;tkyfonfbk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf\ xdef;csKyfjcif;udk
omcH&rnfholjzpfonf/ t&ufaopm\xdef;csKyfrIrsdK;udk rcHapoihfyg/
olwpfyg;udk½dkufykwfjcif;r&Sd jznf;n§if;aomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf pyspf&nfudkrSD0Jjcif;ESihf tjcm;pGJvrf;apwwfaom
t&mrsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;üom udk,fhudkudk,fxdef;csKyfzdkYvdkonfr[kwf? rdrd\pdwf
cHpm;rIrsm;udkvnf;xdef;csKyf&rnfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;tkyf
jzpfolonf Murf;MuKwfjyif;xefaomolrjzpf&[kajymcJhonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
olonfolwpfyg;ESihf cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;zdkYr&SmMuH&[líjzpfonf/ xdkodkYjyKrnfhtpm;
olonfEl;nHhodrfarGUípdwf&SnfNyD; jznf;n§if;aomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;tkyfjzpfol
onftjcm;olrsm;tay:ü MoZmjyNyD; xdkolwdkYuolYudkemrcHaomtcgü trsuf
a'goxGuf&efrSmtvGefvG,fulygonf/ acgif;aqmiftcsdKUwdkYonfr&raeckdif;
wwfí &ufpufMurf;wrf;Muonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrd\vlwdkYudkEl;nHh
odrfarGUjcif;? pmem½dkif;yif;wwfjcif;wdkYESihftwlOD;aqmif&rnf[k &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoudkajymcJhonf/ rdrdwdkY\vlrsm;udkcspfjcif;*½kPmw&m;? ½dkaoav;pm;
jcif;wdkYESihfrqufqHMuaom toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;aMumifh pdwfxdcdkufem
usifcJhMuaom c&pf,meftajrmuftrsm;udk uREfkyfawGUMuHKzl;onf/ acgif;aqmif
jzpfolwdkY\ pdwf&if;rSmrSefuefcJhEkdifygaomfvnf; 4if;wdkY\enf;pepfrSmrSm;,Gif;
cJhonf/ acgif;aqmifwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\acgif;aqmifrIatmuf&Sdvlrsm; tay:ü
El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkY&SdMuzdkYvdktyfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkazmfjy
« 170 »« 169 »
ouf
ooooo
xm;onf/ ppfrSefaomacgif;aqmifwpfOD;onf bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYtm; ½dkaoí
odu©m&Sd&Sdjzihf ½dk½dkaoaoqufqHygonf/
pum;jiif;cHkí&efrawGUwwfaomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf olwpfyg;udk½dkufykwfjcif;r&Sdaomol jzpfMu&rnfh
taMumif;udkuREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku qufvufíacgif;aqmif
jzpfolonfpum;jiif;cHkí &efrawGYwwfaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkxm;onf/ pum;
jiif;cHkí&efawGUwwfaomolonf rwlnDuGJjym;rIrsm;tay:üom t"duxm;
wwfaomoljzpfonf/ olwdkYonftjcm;olrsm;\ tm;enf;csufESifhtrSm;udkom
&SmMuHwwfNyD; udk,fhudkudk,frSefonf[k tjrJajz&Sif;wwfMuonf/ acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;onf Nidrf;csrf;oihfjrwfrIudk&SmMuHzdkYvdkonf/ New American Standard
usrf;pmwGif]]&efrawGUwwfaom}}[laom pum;vHk;tpm; ]]&efNidrf;wwfaom}}
[laompum;vHk;udktoHk;jyKxm;onf/ t"dyÜg,frSmoif;tkyfjzpfolonf udk,fcE¨m
awmfü pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;udk &SmMuHaomoljzpfonf/ odkYaomf oif;
tkyfjzpfolonf toif;awmfüjzpfaeorQaomt&mtm;vHk;udk cGihfjyKay;&rnf[k
rqdkvdkyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü rusihfMuHtyfonfht,l0g'rsm;ESihf
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;&Sdonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rSm;,Gif;aomþoGefoifcsuf
t,l0g'rsm;ESihf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajz&Sif;xm;&rnf/
odkYaomf tjcm;wpfbufwGifoif;tkyfjzpfonf c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtwGif;ü
&Sdaeaomtao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;ü tjrifrwlrIav;rsm;udk vufcHEkdifzdkYpdwfESvHk;
ESdrfhcsrI&SdzdkYvdkonf/ toif;awmf&Sd,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkY rdrdwdkY,HkMunfonfhtwkdif;
wpfxyfwnf;,HkMunf apvdkMuaomoif;tkyfrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifzl;Muyg
onf/ olwdkY onftao;trTm;omjzpfaom t,l0g'rsm;ESihfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
rsm;üpum;Edkifvkjiif;cHkwwfMuaomaMumifh toif;awmftwGif;&Sd bk&m;ocif
\trIawmf[efYwm;aESmifhaES;apMuonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvkoGefoifay;
xm;onfht&mrSm oif;tkyfjzpfolonf xdkrwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;tay:ü
pum;Edkifvkjiif;cHkaernfhtpm; xdkt&mrsm;udkvufcHí twlwuGvufwGJ
vkyfaqmifvdkaomoljzpfzdkY vdkonf[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ olonf udk,fcE¨m
awmf\ Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;udk &SmMuH&rnfjzpfaomf vnf;
wpfcsdefwnf;wGifxdkpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;qdkonfrSm taMumif;
t&mtm;vHk;ü vlwkdif;onfrdrdESihf pdwfoabmxm;wdkufqkdif&rnf[laom
t&mudkrqdkvdkaMumif; todtrSwfjyKxm;&rnf/
aiGudkrwyfrufaomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonfaiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf vGwfuif;aomoljzpf&rnf/
trIawmfaqmif&mü aiGaMu;onfolYudkaphaqmfay;aomt&mrjzpfoihfyg/
aiGaMu;tusdK;tjrwfrnfrQ&&Sdrnf[laomtcsufü tajccHírnfonfhtoif;
awmfütrIawmfaqmif&rnfudk qHk;jzwfwwfMuaomoif;tkyfq&mrsm;udk
oifawGUjrifcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYudkjyocJhaombk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf
xdkbk&m;ocif\qifhac:csufonf uREfkyfwdkYudkaphaqmf wdkufwGef;ay;aomt&m
jzpf&rnf/ aiGaMu;onfuREfkyfwdkYudk bk&m;ocifvkyfapvdkaomt&mrsm;udk
rjrifEkdifatmifuG,fxm;Ekdifonf/ aiGaMu;onf ajrmuftrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYudk
bk&m;ocif\qihfac:jcif;vrf;rS aoGz,foGm;atmifvkyfaqmifcJhonf/
oif;tkyfjzpfonf aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf4if;? pnf;pdrfOpömwyfrufjcif;ESihf4if;
« 172 »« 171 »
ouf
ooooo
xm;onf/ ppfrSefaomacgif;aqmifwpfOD;onf bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYtm; ½dkaoí
odu©m&Sd&Sdjzihf ½dk½dkaoaoqufqHygonf/
pum;jiif;cHkí&efrawGUwwfaomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf olwpfyg;udk½dkufykwfjcif;r&Sdaomol jzpfMu&rnfh
taMumif;udkuREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku qufvufíacgif;aqmif
jzpfolonfpum;jiif;cHkí &efrawGYwwfaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkxm;onf/ pum;
jiif;cHkí&efawGUwwfaomolonf rwlnDuGJjym;rIrsm;tay:üom t"duxm;
wwfaomoljzpfonf/ olwdkYonftjcm;olrsm;\ tm;enf;csufESifhtrSm;udkom
&SmMuHwwfNyD; udk,fhudkudk,frSefonf[k tjrJajz&Sif;wwfMuonf/ acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;onf Nidrf;csrf;oihfjrwfrIudk&SmMuHzdkYvdkonf/ New American Standard
usrf;pmwGif]]&efrawGUwwfaom}}[laom pum;vHk;tpm; ]]&efNidrf;wwfaom}}
[laompum;vHk;udktoHk;jyKxm;onf/ t"dyÜg,frSmoif;tkyfjzpfolonf udk,fcE¨m
awmfü pdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;udk &SmMuHaomoljzpfonf/ odkYaomf oif;
tkyfjzpfolonf toif;awmfüjzpfaeorQaomt&mtm;vHk;udk cGihfjyKay;&rnf[k
rqdkvdkyg/ ocifc&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü rusihfMuHtyfonfht,l0g'rsm;ESihf
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;&Sdonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rSm;,Gif;aomþoGefoifcsuf
t,l0g'rsm;ESihf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajz&Sif;xm;&rnf/
odkYaomf tjcm;wpfbufwGifoif;tkyfjzpfonf c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtwGif;ü
&Sdaeaomtao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;ü tjrifrwlrIav;rsm;udk vufcHEkdifzdkYpdwfESvHk;
ESdrfhcsrI&SdzdkYvdkonf/ toif;awmf&Sd,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkY rdrdwdkY,HkMunfonfhtwkdif;
wpfxyfwnf;,HkMunf apvdkMuaomoif;tkyfrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifzl;Muyg
onf/ olwdkY onftao;trTm;omjzpfaom t,l0g'rsm;ESihfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
rsm;üpum;Edkifvkjiif;cHkwwfMuaomaMumifh toif;awmftwGif;&Sd bk&m;ocif
\trIawmf[efYwm;aESmifhaES;apMuonf/ þae&mü &SifaygvkoGefoifay;
xm;onfht&mrSm oif;tkyfjzpfolonf xdkrwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;tay:ü
pum;Edkifvkjiif;cHkaernfhtpm; xdkt&mrsm;udkvufcHí twlwuGvufwGJ
vkyfaqmifvdkaomoljzpfzdkY vdkonf[laomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ olonf udk,fcE¨m
awmf\ Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;udk &SmMuH&rnfjzpfaomf vnf;
wpfcsdefwnf;wGifxdkpdwfoabmxm;nDñGwfjcif;qdkonfrSm taMumif;
t&mtm;vHk;ü vlwkdif;onfrdrdESihf pdwfoabmxm;wdkufqkdif&rnf[laom
t&mudkrqdkvdkaMumif; todtrSwfjyKxm;&rnf/
aiGudkrwyfrufaomol (i,f 3)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonfaiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf vGwfuif;aomoljzpf&rnf/
trIawmfaqmif&mü aiGaMu;onfolYudkaphaqmfay;aomt&mrjzpfoihfyg/
aiGaMu;tusdK;tjrwfrnfrQ&&Sdrnf[laomtcsufü tajccHírnfonfhtoif;
awmfütrIawmfaqmif&rnfudk qHk;jzwfwwfMuaomoif;tkyfq&mrsm;udk
oifawGUjrifcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYudkjyocJhaombk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmESihf
xdkbk&m;ocif\qifhac:csufonf uREfkyfwdkYudkaphaqmf wdkufwGef;ay;aomt&m
jzpf&rnf/ aiGaMu;onfuREfkyfwdkYudk bk&m;ocifvkyfapvdkaomt&mrsm;udk
rjrifEkdifatmifuG,fxm;Ekdifonf/ aiGaMu;onf ajrmuftrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYudk
bk&m;ocif\qihfac:jcif;vrf;rS aoGz,foGm;atmifvkyfaqmifcJhonf/
oif;tkyfjzpfonf aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;ESihf4if;? pnf;pdrfOpömwyfrufjcif;ESihf4if;
« 172 »« 171 »
ouf
ooooo
vGwfuif;rSom bk&m;ocif\qifhac:oHudkaumif;pGmMum;Ekdifrnf/ pmwefonf
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0udktrsdK;rsdK;aomt&mrsm;ay;urf;jcif; jzihfpHkprf;vSnfh
jzm;cJhonf/ olYudk&Sdcdk;OD;ñGwfrnfqdkvQif þavmuEkdifiHBuD;tm;ay;rnf[k
ocifa,½Iudkvnf;vSnfhjzm;cJhonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonfaiGaMu;ESihfpnf;pdrfOpöm
udkwyfrufaevQif olonfpmweftwGufypfrSwfwpfckudk yHhydk;zefwD;ay;&ma&muf
onf/
rdrdtdrfudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfpdk;Ekdifaomol (i,f 4)
oif;tkyfonf rdrdtdrfudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfpdk;pDrHjyjcif;jzihf toif;awmf
udkvnf;tkyfpdk;pDrHEkdifpGrf;udkoufaojyEkdifzdkYvdkonf/ om;orD;rsm;u
olYudkemcHMuí oihfwihfavQmufywfaom ½dkaoav;pm;rIudkvnf;jyoMuonfh
zcifwpfOD;jzpf&rnf[k &Sifaygvkuajymxm;onf/ ol\om;orD;rsm;onf
vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;jynfh pHkaomom;orD;rsm;jzpf&rnf[krqdkvdkyg/ odkYaomf
oif;tkyfonf rdom;pküzcifwpfOD;\tcef;u@udk av;av;eufeuf
vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/ ol\acgif;aqmif EkdifrIpGrf;&nfudk rdom;pküawGUjrif
&zdkYvdktyfonf/ ol\rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf olYudkacgif;aqmifwpfOD;uJhodkY
½dkaoav;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYaom½dkao av;pm;jcif;onftmPmoHk;í
twif;t"r®awmif;qdkjy|mef;í&&Sdvmonfh ½dkaoav;pm;? emcHjcif;rsdK; r[kwf&
yg/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;onfol\yHkOyrmaumif; toufwmudkawGUjrifMu&í
xdkt&maMumifholYudk½dkaoav;pm;emcHjcif;rsdK;jzpf&rnf/
vlwpfa,mufonfrnfuJhodkYaom acgif;aqmifrsdK;jzpfvmrnfhtjzpfudk
oifodvdkvQif xdkol\rdom;pkrnfodkYjzpfaeonfudkMunfhvdkufyg/ olonf
ZeD;onfESihfom;orD;rsm;tay:ü rn§mrwmESihfpmepdwfuif;rJhaeygovm;/
om;orD;rsm;or®mw&m;vrf;rSvTJoGm;aomtcg (odkY) tjypf'kp½dkufudkusL;vGefrd
aomtcg rnfodkYudkifwG,fajz&Sif;ygoenf;/ olonft<uif;rJhaomcspfjcif;
arwåmudkjyí olwdkYudkrlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfxdef;ausmif;rGrf;rHay;yg
ovm;(odkY)olwdkYudkjypfwif½Iwfcsjiif;y,fvdkufygovm;/ c&pf,mefacgif;aqmif
wpfa,mufonf c&pfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåmudk tajctaewkdif;wGifjyo&
rnfjzpfonf/
vlwpfa,mufonfrdrd\rdom;pküjzpfwnfonfhtwkdif; toif;awmf
wGifvnf;jzpfwnfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifhol\om;orD;rsm;udk rnfodkYjyKrlqufqH
ygoenf;/ olonftmPmjzihfpdk;rdk;jc,fvS,fí t&mtm;vHk;xdef;csKyfaeyg
ovm;/ olonfwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; tMum;&SdrwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;udkcGihfjyKygovm;
(odkY)t&mtm;vHk;udk olYenf;olY[efjzihfvkyfMuzdkYjy|mef;awmif;qdkygovm;/ olonf
rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESihfom;orD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfa&;aumif;usdK;udk *½kpdkufygovm;/
om;orD;rsm;or®mw&m;vrf;rS vTJoGm;Muaomtcgü 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
aeygovm;/ olwdkYudkjyefvnfaqmif,lvm&ef cspfjcif;arwåmvufjzihfurf;vSrf;
ygovm; ponfwdkYudkMunfh&rnf/ vlwpfa,mufonfrnfodkYaomoif;tkyfjzpf
vmrnfudkod&SdzdkY þar;cGef;rsm;udkuREfkyfwdkYar;Mu&rnf/ ol\rdom;pküjzpf
wnfaeonfhtwkdif; trIawmfwGifvnf;jzpfwnfzdkYrsm;onf/
þtcsif;t&mudkwpfjcm;½IaxmifhrSvnf; oHk;oyfzdkYvdkonf/ oif;tkyfjzpf
olonfrdrd\ZeD;r,m;ESihf om;orD;rsm;udkvspfvsL½Ixm;&onftxd trIawmfü
tvkyf½IyfaeEkdifonf/ þtcsif;t&mudk tav;teufxm;oHk;oyfzdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvkuoif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrd\rdom;pkudkaumif;rGefpGmpDrHtkyfcsKyfEkdif
« 174 »« 173 »
ouf
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vGwfuif;rSom bk&m;ocif\qifhac:oHudkaumif;pGmMum;Ekdifrnf/ pmwefonf
{'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü {0udktrsdK;rsdK;aomt&mrsm;ay;urf;jcif; jzihfpHkprf;vSnfh
jzm;cJhonf/ olYudk&Sdcdk;OD;ñGwfrnfqdkvQif þavmuEkdifiHBuD;tm;ay;rnf[k
ocifa,½Iudkvnf;vSnfhjzm;cJhonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonfaiGaMu;ESihfpnf;pdrfOpöm
udkwyfrufaevQif olonfpmweftwGufypfrSwfwpfckudk yHhydk;zefwD;ay;&ma&muf
onf/
rdrdtdrfudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfpdk;Ekdifaomol (i,f 4)
oif;tkyfonf rdrdtdrfudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfpdk;pDrHjyjcif;jzihf toif;awmf
udkvnf;tkyfpdk;pDrHEkdifpGrf;udkoufaojyEkdifzdkYvdkonf/ om;orD;rsm;u
olYudkemcHMuí oihfwihfavQmufywfaom ½dkaoav;pm;rIudkvnf;jyoMuonfh
zcifwpfOD;jzpf&rnf[k &Sifaygvkuajymxm;onf/ ol\om;orD;rsm;onf
vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;jynfh pHkaomom;orD;rsm;jzpf&rnf[krqdkvdkyg/ odkYaomf
oif;tkyfonf rdom;pküzcifwpfOD;\tcef;u@udk av;av;eufeuf
vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/ ol\acgif;aqmif EkdifrIpGrf;&nfudk rdom;pküawGUjrif
&zdkYvdktyfonf/ ol\rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf olYudkacgif;aqmifwpfOD;uJhodkY
½dkaoav;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYaom½dkao av;pm;jcif;onftmPmoHk;í
twif;t"r®awmif;qdkjy|mef;í&&Sdvmonfh ½dkaoav;pm;? emcHjcif;rsdK; r[kwf&
yg/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;onfol\yHkOyrmaumif; toufwmudkawGUjrifMu&í
xdkt&maMumifholYudk½dkaoav;pm;emcHjcif;rsdK;jzpf&rnf/
vlwpfa,mufonfrnfuJhodkYaom acgif;aqmifrsdK;jzpfvmrnfhtjzpfudk
oifodvdkvQif xdkol\rdom;pkrnfodkYjzpfaeonfudkMunfhvdkufyg/ olonf
ZeD;onfESihfom;orD;rsm;tay:ü rn§mrwmESihfpmepdwfuif;rJhaeygovm;/
om;orD;rsm;or®mw&m;vrf;rSvTJoGm;aomtcg (odkY) tjypf'kp½dkufudkusL;vGefrd
aomtcg rnfodkYudkifwG,fajz&Sif;ygoenf;/ olonft<uif;rJhaomcspfjcif;
arwåmudkjyí olwdkYudkrlvtajctaeodkYjyefvnfxdef;ausmif;rGrf;rHay;yg
ovm;(odkY)olwdkYudkjypfwif½Iwfcsjiif;y,fvdkufygovm;/ c&pf,mefacgif;aqmif
wpfa,mufonf c&pfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåmudk tajctaewkdif;wGifjyo&
rnfjzpfonf/
vlwpfa,mufonfrdrd\rdom;pküjzpfwnfonfhtwkdif; toif;awmf
wGifvnf;jzpfwnfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifhol\om;orD;rsm;udk rnfodkYjyKrlqufqH
ygoenf;/ olonftmPmjzihfpdk;rdk;jc,fvS,fí t&mtm;vHk;xdef;csKyfaeyg
ovm;/ olonfwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; tMum;&SdrwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;udkcGihfjyKygovm;
(odkY)t&mtm;vHk;udk olYenf;olY[efjzihfvkyfMuzdkYjy|mef;awmif;qdkygovm;/ olonf
rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESihfom;orD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfa&;aumif;usdK;udk *½kpdkufygovm;/
om;orD;rsm;or®mw&m;vrf;rS vTJoGm;Muaomtcgü 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
aeygovm;/ olwdkYudkjyefvnfaqmif,lvm&ef cspfjcif;arwåmvufjzihfurf;vSrf;
ygovm; ponfwdkYudkMunfh&rnf/ vlwpfa,mufonfrnfodkYaomoif;tkyfjzpf
vmrnfudkod&SdzdkY þar;cGef;rsm;udkuREfkyfwdkYar;Mu&rnf/ ol\rdom;pküjzpf
wnfaeonfhtwkdif; trIawmfwGifvnf;jzpfwnfzdkYrsm;onf/
þtcsif;t&mudkwpfjcm;½IaxmifhrSvnf; oHk;oyfzdkYvdkonf/ oif;tkyfjzpf
olonfrdrd\ZeD;r,m;ESihf om;orD;rsm;udkvspfvsL½Ixm;&onftxd trIawmfü
tvkyf½IyfaeEkdifonf/ þtcsif;t&mudk tav;teufxm;oHk;oyfzdkYvdkonf/
&Sifaygvkuoif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrd\rdom;pkudkaumif;rGefpGmpDrHtkyfcsKyfEkdif
« 174 »« 173 »
ouf
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aomoljzpf&rnf[k &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;qdkxm;onf/ qdkvdkonfrSm olonfrdom;pk
udkvspfvsL½Iítoif;awmftwGuf 4if;\tcsdeftm;vHk;udk toHk;rjyKoihf[líjzpf
onf/ rdom;pkESihftrIawmfudkbufrQatmif xdef;xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/
bmom0ifvlopfrjzpf& (i,f 6)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rsm;rMumrDubmomajymif;vJvmaomvlopfrjzpf
&yg/ oif;tkyfonf ocifbk&m;ESihftwlavQmufvSrf;í b0tawGUtMuHKrsm;&Sd
xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ olonfor®mw&m;udkoduRrf;em;vnfNyD; ocifbk&m;ESihftwl
xdkor®mw&m;ü4if;? opöm&SdwnfMunfjcif;ü4if; avQmufvSrf;EkdifaMumif;udkoufao
jycJhaomoljzpf&rnf/ ocifbk&m;ESihftwlavQmufvSrf;&mvrf;c&D;ü MuHKawGUvm
rnfhtusyftwnf;rsm;ESihf tcuftcJjyóemrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Ekdifoljzpf
aMumif;udk toufwmtm;jzihfoufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/
þae&mü&SifaygvkajymMum;aeaom pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm rmeESihf
,pfrl;jcif;[laompHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsjcif;qdkonfrSm
olYobm0twkdif; tvdktavsmufa&muf&Sd jzpfwnfvmaomt&mr[kwfyg/
pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsjcif;r&SdaomolwdkYü MoZmtmPmudkay;urf;vdkufygu xdkMoZm
tmPmonf tvGeftEÅ&m,f&Sdaomt&mjzpfvmonf/ ,mOfarmif;tawGUtMuHK
r&Sdaomolwpfa,muftm; um;armif;ckdif;rnfhtjzpfudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ um;udk
rnfodkYrnfyHkarmif;ESif&rnfudk rodaomolwpfa,mufvufxJwGif xkdum;rSm
tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;ygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mü vkyfydkifcGihftmPm&Sdjcif;wGifvnf;
tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf 0dnmOfa&;&mtcGihftmPmtm;
rnfodkYudkifwG,f&rnfudkod&rnf/ olonfrdrd\tcef;u@udkpdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcs
jcif;ESihftwlpGrf;aqmifEkdif&rnf/ tjcm;olrsm;\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rulnDEkdif
atmifrmeESihf,pfrl;jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkcsnfaESmifygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
toHawmfudkvnf;rMum;Ekdifatmif uREfkyfwdkY\em;rsm;udkyif;apygvdrfhrnf/
aemufqHk;wGifrmeESihf,pfrl;jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkzsufqD;í bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfudkvnf; xdcdkufepfemapygvdrfhrnf/ oif;tkyftcGihftmPmudk&&Sdxm;
aomolonf xdkwm0efBuD;udkudkifwG,fEkdifpGrf;&SdaomoljzpfrnfhtaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYaoaocsmcsmod&Sdxm;zdkYvdktyfygonf/ pmwefudk,fwkdifvnf; rmew&m;
aMumifhus½HI;cJh&aMumif;udkowd&yg/ xdkYaMumifhtcef;i,f(6)wGif &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; rmeESihf,pfrl;aeaomoif;tkyfonf pmwefuJhodkYpD&ifjcif;udk
cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;xm;cJhonf/ þudpörSmav;eufaomt&mjzpfonf/
jjjjj
yifyvlwdkYwGiftoa&&Sdaomol (i,f 7)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf emrnfaumif;jzihf*kPfowif;BuD;oljzpf&rnf/
þodkYaom*kPfowif;BuD;jcif;onf toif;awmftwGif;üomr[kwf toif;
awmf\jyifyüyifjzpfae&rnf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf bk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;wdkYudk4if;?
bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmf\trIawmfudk4if; þavmuüudk,fpm;jyKxm;aomoljzpf
onf/ oif;tkyfudkawGUjrifqufqHaomolwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\Mueftif
vu©Pmudk xdkoif;tkyf\toufwmüawGUjrifcHpm;Mu&rnf/ ewfqdk;onf
oif;tkyfrsm;twGuf axmifacsmufudkqifxm;rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkutao
tcsmajymxm;onf(i,f 7)/ xdkewfqdk;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmf
\trIawmfudk toa&zsufzdkYjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mudktoif;awmfacgif;
aqmifydkif;rsm;tm; ypfrSwfxm;íolwdkYudkus½HI;apjcif;jzihftaumiftxnfazmf
« 176 »« 175 »
ouf
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aomoljzpf&rnf[k &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;qdkxm;onf/ qdkvdkonfrSm olonfrdom;pk
udkvspfvsL½Iítoif;awmftwGuf 4if;\tcsdeftm;vHk;udk toHk;rjyKoihf[líjzpf
onf/ rdom;pkESihftrIawmfudkbufrQatmif xdef;xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/
bmom0ifvlopfrjzpf& (i,f 6)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rsm;rMumrDubmomajymif;vJvmaomvlopfrjzpf
&yg/ oif;tkyfonf ocifbk&m;ESihftwlavQmufvSrf;í b0tawGUtMuHKrsm;&Sd
xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ olonfor®mw&m;udkoduRrf;em;vnfNyD; ocifbk&m;ESihftwl
xdkor®mw&m;ü4if;? opöm&SdwnfMunfjcif;ü4if; avQmufvSrf;EkdifaMumif;udkoufao
jycJhaomoljzpf&rnf/ ocifbk&m;ESihftwlavQmufvSrf;&mvrf;c&D;ü MuHKawGUvm
rnfhtusyftwnf;rsm;ESihf tcuftcJjyóemrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Ekdifoljzpf
aMumif;udk toufwmtm;jzihfoufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/
þae&mü&SifaygvkajymMum;aeaom pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSm rmeESihf
,pfrl;jcif;[laompHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsjcif;qdkonfrSm
olYobm0twkdif; tvdktavsmufa&muf&Sd jzpfwnfvmaomt&mr[kwfyg/
pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsjcif;r&SdaomolwdkYü MoZmtmPmudkay;urf;vdkufygu xdkMoZm
tmPmonf tvGeftEÅ&m,f&Sdaomt&mjzpfvmonf/ ,mOfarmif;tawGUtMuHK
r&Sdaomolwpfa,muftm; um;armif;ckdif;rnfhtjzpfudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ um;udk
rnfodkYrnfyHkarmif;ESif&rnfudk rodaomolwpfa,mufvufxJwGif xkdum;rSm
tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;ygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mü vkyfydkifcGihftmPm&Sdjcif;wGifvnf;
tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf 0dnmOfa&;&mtcGihftmPmtm;
rnfodkYudkifwG,f&rnfudkod&rnf/ olonfrdrd\tcef;u@udkpdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcs
jcif;ESihftwlpGrf;aqmifEkdif&rnf/ tjcm;olrsm;\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rulnDEkdif
atmifrmeESihf,pfrl;jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkcsnfaESmifygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\
toHawmfudkvnf;rMum;Ekdifatmif uREfkyfwdkY\em;rsm;udkyif;apygvdrfhrnf/
aemufqHk;wGifrmeESihf,pfrl;jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkzsufqD;í bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfudkvnf; xdcdkufepfemapygvdrfhrnf/ oif;tkyftcGihftmPmudk&&Sdxm;
aomolonf xdkwm0efBuD;udkudkifwG,fEkdifpGrf;&SdaomoljzpfrnfhtaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYaoaocsmcsmod&Sdxm;zdkYvdktyfygonf/ pmwefudk,fwkdifvnf; rmew&m;
aMumifhus½HI;cJh&aMumif;udkowd&yg/ xdkYaMumifhtcef;i,f(6)wGif &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; rmeESihf,pfrl;aeaomoif;tkyfonf pmwefuJhodkYpD&ifjcif;udk
cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; today;xm;cJhonf/ þudpörSmav;eufaomt&mjzpfonf/
jjjjj
yifyvlwdkYwGiftoa&&Sdaomol (i,f 7)
oif;tkyfjzpfolonf emrnfaumif;jzihf*kPfowif;BuD;oljzpf&rnf/
þodkYaom*kPfowif;BuD;jcif;onf toif;awmftwGif;üomr[kwf toif;
awmf\jyifyüyifjzpfae&rnf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf bk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;wdkYudk4if;?
bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmf\trIawmfudk4if; þavmuüudk,fpm;jyKxm;aomoljzpf
onf/ oif;tkyfudkawGUjrifqufqHaomolwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmf\Mueftif
vu©Pmudk xdkoif;tkyf\toufwmüawGUjrifcHpm;Mu&rnf/ ewfqdk;onf
oif;tkyfrsm;twGuf axmifacsmufudkqifxm;rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkutao
tcsmajymxm;onf(i,f 7)/ xdkewfqdk;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocifEkdifiHawmf
\trIawmfudk toa&zsufzdkYjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mudktoif;awmfacgif;
aqmifydkif;rsm;tm; ypfrSwfxm;íolwdkYudkus½HI;apjcif;jzihftaumiftxnfazmf
« 176 »« 175 »
ouf
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aqmifygvdrfhrnf/ þtcsif;t&mwGif &efolonftBudrfrnfrQatmifjrifrI&&SdcJh
NyD;oenf;/ ewfqdk;onfc&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; aiGaMu;tm;jzihf4if;?
t&ufaopmtm;jzihf4if;? umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tm;jzihf4if; vSnfhjzm;cJhygonf/
xdkYtjyifolwdkYudkrmeü,pfrl;apjcif;tm;jzihf4if;? ½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpfjcif;ESihf
trsufxGufjcif;wdkYtwGuf Zmwdpdwfrsm;udkEdI;qGay;jcif;tm;jzihf4if;jyKvkyf
ygvdrfhrnf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwdkYonf þausmhuGif;üausmhrdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYausmhrdMuaomtcg ywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0kdif;\tjrifü bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfrSmtoa&ysuf&avonf/
oif;tkyft&mudkawmifhwaomolonf jrihfjrwfaumif;rGefaomt&mudk
awmifhwaomoljzpfonf/ odkYaomfxdkolonf bk&m;ocifuolYtay:üxm;&Sd
aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk *½kpdkufzdkYvdkonf/ olonf&efol\ypfrSwfjzpfvmvdrfh
rnf/ wm0efudkausausyGefyGef xrf;aqmifEkdifaomoif;tkyfrsm;udk bk&m;ocif
onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;ygapaomf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf yuwdjynfhpHkaumif;rGefaomoljzpfzdkY vdkygovm;/
twdwftjypfrsm;udkcGihfvTwfjcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifESihfypöKyÜefwGifavQmuf
vSrf;jcif;ESpfckMum;&Sd[efcsufudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYem;vnfxm;Muoenf;/
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf rdrd\pdwfxufoefjyif;jyrI? pdwfqE´rsm;? pdwfcHpm;rI
rsm;udkxdef;csKyfxm;zdkY tb,faMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
oif;tkyfjzpfvmjcif;wGif rnfodkYaomrSm;,Gif;onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsdK;uREfkyf
wdkYü&SdEdkifygoenf;/ rrSefuaomtaMumif; t&if;rsm;twGufoif;tkyf
q&mudk uREfkyfwdkYawmif;wEdkifygovm;/
½dk;om;aomc&pf,mefrsm;tMum;ü&Sdaeaom rwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;
twGuftcsif;csif;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;ESihf½dkaoav;pm;jcif;wdkY &Sd
MuzdkYrnfrQta&;ygoenf;/ oif;tkyfonftjcm;olrsm;\xifjrifcsuf
rsm;tay:üodrfarGUjcif;r&Sd?av;pm;rIvnf;rjyvQifrnfodkYjzpfvmrnfenf;/
&efolonf0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;udk wdkufcdkufysufqD;í olwdkYudk
us½HI;atmifBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifaeonf[laomtaMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,lMu&oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoif;awmf&Sdacgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;zdkYtcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/bk&m;ocifuolwdkYudkuG,fumapmifhray;zdkYawmif;avQmuf yg/
r,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf oufaowpfckjzpfaomtoufwmrsdK;udkay;
oem;zdkYocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUpdwfxufoefjyif;jyrIrsm;? pdwfqE´rsm;ESihftmomrsm;udk xdef;csKyf
EkdifaomtpGrf;owdåudkay;oem;zdkYbk&m;ocifxHwGif awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmif\ rdom;pktwGufqkawmif;ay;zdkY
tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkaumif;csD;ay;íuG,f
umapmifhrawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/ omoemhwm0efESihf
rdom;pkwm0efwdkYudk [efcsufnDnDxdef;xm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;udkoihf&JU
oif;tkyftm;ay;oem;awmfrlzdkYudkvnf; bk&m;ocifxHawmfüawmif;
avQmufyg/
« 178 »« 177 »
ouf
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aqmifygvdrfhrnf/ þtcsif;t&mwGif &efolonftBudrfrnfrQatmifjrifrI&&SdcJh
NyD;oenf;/ ewfqdk;onfc&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; aiGaMu;tm;jzihf4if;?
t&ufaopmtm;jzihf4if;? umr*kPfvGefusL;jcif;tm;jzihf4if; vSnfhjzm;cJhygonf/
xdkYtjyifolwdkYudkrmeü,pfrl;apjcif;tm;jzihf4if;? ½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpfjcif;ESihf
trsufxGufjcif;wdkYtwGuf Zmwdpdwfrsm;udkEdI;qGay;jcif;tm;jzihf4if;jyKvkyf
ygvdrfhrnf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwdkYonf þausmhuGif;üausmhrdcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYausmhrdMuaomtcg ywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0kdif;\tjrifü bk&m;ocif\
trIawmfrSmtoa&ysuf&avonf/
oif;tkyft&mudkawmifhwaomolonf jrihfjrwfaumif;rGefaomt&mudk
awmifhwaomoljzpfonf/ odkYaomfxdkolonf bk&m;ocifuolYtay:üxm;&Sd
aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk *½kpdkufzdkYvdkonf/ olonf&efol\ypfrSwfjzpfvmvdrfh
rnf/ wm0efudkausausyGefyGef xrf;aqmifEkdifaomoif;tkyfrsm;udk bk&m;ocif
onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;ygapaomf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf yuwdjynfhpHkaumif;rGefaomoljzpfzdkY vdkygovm;/
twdwftjypfrsm;udkcGihfvTwfjcif;ESihf bk&m;ocifESihfypöKyÜefwGifavQmuf
vSrf;jcif;ESpfckMum;&Sd[efcsufudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYem;vnfxm;Muoenf;/
oif;tkyfwpfyg;onf rdrd\pdwfxufoefjyif;jyrI? pdwfqE´rsm;? pdwfcHpm;rI
rsm;udkxdef;csKyfxm;zdkY tb,faMumifhta&;BuD;oenf;/
oif;tkyfjzpfvmjcif;wGif rnfodkYaomrSm;,Gif;onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsdK;uREfkyf
wdkYü&SdEdkifygoenf;/ rrSefuaomtaMumif; t&if;rsm;twGufoif;tkyf
q&mudk uREfkyfwdkYawmif;wEdkifygovm;/
½dk;om;aomc&pf,mefrsm;tMum;ü&Sdaeaom rwluGJjym;rIav;rsm;
twGuftcsif;csif;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUjcif;ESihf½dkaoav;pm;jcif;wdkY &Sd
MuzdkYrnfrQta&;ygoenf;/ oif;tkyfonftjcm;olrsm;\xifjrifcsuf
rsm;tay:üodrfarGUjcif;r&Sd?av;pm;rIvnf;rjyvQifrnfodkYjzpfvmrnfenf;/
&efolonf0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;udk wdkufcdkufysufqD;í olwdkYudk
us½HI;atmifBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifaeonf[laomtaMumif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,lMu&oenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoif;awmf&Sdacgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;zdkYtcsdeftenf;
i,f,lyg/bk&m;ocifuolwdkYudkuG,fumapmifhray;zdkYawmif;avQmuf yg/
r,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf oufaowpfckjzpfaomtoufwmrsdK;udkay;
oem;zdkYocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JUpdwfxufoefjyif;jyrIrsm;? pdwfqE´rsm;ESihftmomrsm;udk xdef;csKyf
EkdifaomtpGrf;owdåudkay;oem;zdkYbk&m;ocifxHwGif awmif;avQmufyg/
oihf&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmif\ rdom;pktwGufqkawmif;ay;zdkY
tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkaumif;csD;ay;íuG,f
umapmifhrawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/ omoemhwm0efESihf
rdom;pkwm0efwdkYudk [efcsufnDnDxdef;xm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;udkoihf&JU
oif;tkyftm;ay;oem;awmfrlzdkYudkvnf; bk&m;ocifxHawmfüawmif;
avQmufyg/
« 178 »« 177 »
ouf
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17
oif;axmufrsm;
1 wd 3;8-13 udk zwf½Iyg/
þtcef;BuD;\yxrydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfwdarmao tm;oif;tkyf
wpfyg;\t&nftcsif;rsm;udk &Sif;jyxm;cJhonf/ þ'kwd,tydkif;wGifolonf
oif;axmuf\tcef;u@udk tav;ay;xm;onf/ "r®opfusrf;wGifoif;tkyfESihf
oif;axmufwdkY\tcef;u@wdkYudkcGJjcm;xm;onf/ xdktcef;u@ESpfckvHk;onf
0dnmOfa&;oabmudkaqmifaomfvnf; oif;axmufonftoif;awmf\ aeYpOf
vufawGUta&;udpörsm;udk ydkívkyfaqmif&onf/ oif;tkyfonfvlwdkYtm;4if;wdkY
\0dnmOfa&;avQmufvSrf;rIü oGefoifay;oltjzpf4if;? vrf;jytjzpf4if;aqmif
&Guf&onf/ ,aeYwGifolwdkYudkoif;tkyfq&m[lí4if;? toif;awmfvlBuD;[lí
4if;odxm;Muonf/ oif;tkyfwdkYonf toif;awmf\0dnmOfa&;&mwdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvmjcif;u@ ydkípl;pdkufEkdif&eftwGuf oif;axmufwdkYonf
vufawGUudpö&yfrsm;udkvkyfaqmifay;jcif;jzihf oif;tkyfwdkYudkulnDMuonf/
oif;axmufjzpfolonf rdrd\tcef;u@udk av;av;eufeufxrf;
aqmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ oif;axmufjzpfvdkolrsm;twGuf vdktyfaomt&nftcsif;
rsm;udk&Sifaygvku þusrf;ydk'fwGifaz:jyxm;onf/ wpfzefþt&nftcsif;rsm;udk
avhvmprf;ppfoGm;jzpf&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;axmufrsm;onfvl trsm;uav;pm;
xdkufaomolrsm;jzpf&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ ]]wnfMunfjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf
olwdkY\tusihfpm&dwåtwGuf ESpfoufjrwfEdk;jcif;udkcH&olrsm;jzpfzdkYvdktyf
aMumif;udkñTefjyonf/ olwpfyg;ESihfqufqH&mü*kPfodu©m&SdMuonf/ olwdkYonf
rSefuefajzmihfrwfí½dk;om;wnfMunfMuonf/ vltrsm;uolwdkYudkawGU jrifaom
tcgtjyKoabmaqmifaom yHkOyrmrsm;udkwkyusihfMuHzdkYawGU&SdMuonf/ oif;
axmufrjzpfcifwGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onftoif;awmfESihftodkif;t0dkif;\ ½dkav;pm;
jcif;udkcHpm;cJhNyD;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/
vQmESpfcGESihfajymaomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufrsm;onf ½dk;om;wnfMunfaomoljzpfMu&rnf/ vQmESpfcG
ESihfajymaomolrjzpf&rnfhtaMumif;udk 'kwd,taejzihfowdjyKyg/ ½dk;om;wnf
Munfjcif;[laompum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,fudk ]]vQmESpfcGESihfajymaomolrjzpf&}} [lí
New American Standard usrf;pmuxdxdrdrdjyefqdkxm;onf/ þt"dyÜg,f
onf½dk;om;wnfMunfjcif;[laom rl&if;pum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,fyifjzpfonf/ vlwpf
a,mufonfvQmfESpfcGESihfajymaomtcg vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;vdkcsif; &nf&G,fcsuf
jzihf[dkvlYtxHüwrsdK;? 'DvlYtxHüwrsdK;ajymonf/ ½dk;om;wnfMunfjcif;qdkonf
rSmjzLpifjcif;? oefY&Sif;jcif;ESihfxifomjrifom&SdrIwdkYudkqdkvdkonf/ ½dk;om;wnf
Munfaomyk*¾dKvf\ twGif;o@mefESihftjyifyef;o@mefwdkYrSm twlwljzpfonf/
oif;axmufjzpfolonf bk&m;ocifudkpdwfESvHk;xJrScspfí xdkpdwfESvHk;jzihfjyif
tvkyftauR;jyKay;&rnf/
« 180 »
ouf
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17
oif;axmufrsm;
1 wd 3;8-13 udk zwf½Iyg/
þtcef;BuD;\yxrydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkonfwdarmao tm;oif;tkyf
wpfyg;\t&nftcsif;rsm;udk &Sif;jyxm;cJhonf/ þ'kwd,tydkif;wGifolonf
oif;axmuf\tcef;u@udk tav;ay;xm;onf/ "r®opfusrf;wGifoif;tkyfESihf
oif;axmufwdkY\tcef;u@wdkYudkcGJjcm;xm;onf/ xdktcef;u@ESpfckvHk;onf
0dnmOfa&;oabmudkaqmifaomfvnf; oif;axmufonftoif;awmf\ aeYpOf
vufawGUta&;udpörsm;udk ydkívkyfaqmif&onf/ oif;tkyfonfvlwdkYtm;4if;wdkY
\0dnmOfa&;avQmufvSrf;rIü oGefoifay;oltjzpf4if;? vrf;jytjzpf4if;aqmif
&Guf&onf/ ,aeYwGifolwdkYudkoif;tkyfq&m[lí4if;? toif;awmfvlBuD;[lí
4if;odxm;Muonf/ oif;tkyfwdkYonf toif;awmf\0dnmOfa&;&mwdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvmjcif;u@ ydkípl;pdkufEkdif&eftwGuf oif;axmufwdkYonf
vufawGUudpö&yfrsm;udkvkyfaqmifay;jcif;jzihf oif;tkyfwdkYudkulnDMuonf/
oif;axmufjzpfolonf rdrd\tcef;u@udk av;av;eufeufxrf;
aqmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ oif;axmufjzpfvdkolrsm;twGuf vdktyfaomt&nftcsif;
rsm;udk&Sifaygvku þusrf;ydk'fwGifaz:jyxm;onf/ wpfzefþt&nftcsif;rsm;udk
avhvmprf;ppfoGm;jzpf&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
wnfMunfaomol (i,f 8)
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;axmufrsm;onfvl trsm;uav;pm;
xdkufaomolrsm;jzpf&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ ]]wnfMunfjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;onf
olwdkY\tusihfpm&dwåtwGuf ESpfoufjrwfEdk;jcif;udkcH&olrsm;jzpfzdkYvdktyf
aMumif;udkñTefjyonf/ olwpfyg;ESihfqufqH&mü*kPfodu©m&SdMuonf/ olwdkYonf
rSefuefajzmihfrwfí½dk;om;wnfMunfMuonf/ vltrsm;uolwdkYudkawGU jrifaom
tcgtjyKoabmaqmifaom yHkOyrmrsm;udkwkyusihfMuHzdkYawGU&SdMuonf/ oif;
axmufrjzpfcifwGif þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onftoif;awmfESihftodkif;t0dkif;\ ½dkav;pm;
jcif;udkcHpm;cJhNyD;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/
vQmESpfcGESihfajymaomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufrsm;onf ½dk;om;wnfMunfaomoljzpfMu&rnf/ vQmESpfcG
ESihfajymaomolrjzpf&rnfhtaMumif;udk 'kwd,taejzihfowdjyKyg/ ½dk;om;wnf
Munfjcif;[laompum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,fudk ]]vQmESpfcGESihfajymaomolrjzpf&}} [lí
New American Standard usrf;pmuxdxdrdrdjyefqdkxm;onf/ þt"dyÜg,f
onf½dk;om;wnfMunfjcif;[laom rl&if;pum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,fyifjzpfonf/ vlwpf
a,mufonfvQmfESpfcGESihfajymaomtcg vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;vdkcsif; &nf&G,fcsuf
jzihf[dkvlYtxHüwrsdK;? 'DvlYtxHüwrsdK;ajymonf/ ½dk;om;wnfMunfjcif;qdkonf
rSmjzLpifjcif;? oefY&Sif;jcif;ESihfxifomjrifom&SdrIwdkYudkqdkvdkonf/ ½dk;om;wnf
Munfaomyk*¾dKvf\ twGif;o@mefESihftjyifyef;o@mefwdkYrSm twlwljzpfonf/
oif;axmufjzpfolonf bk&m;ocifudkpdwfESvHk;xJrScspfí xdkpdwfESvHk;jzihfjyif
tvkyftauR;jyKay;&rnf/
« 180 »
ouf
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pyspf&nfaomufMuL;aomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufwpfyg;\ aemufxyfvu©Pmwpfyg;rSm pyspf&nfaomuf
MuL;aomolrjzpf&efjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonfoif;axmufrsm;udk pyspf&nfraomuf
oHk;MuzdkYrwm;jrpfxm;yg/ odkYaompyspf&nfudk tvGJoHk;pm;rjyKvkyf&efudkom
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ oif;axmufonfrdrd\tmoDoawmifhwrIudk
xdef;csKyf&rnfjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdtm;cGJcefYxm;aomtrIawmfudk pyspf&nf
tvGeftuRHaomufaejcif;jzihf t&Sufr&apoihfyg/
rpifMu,faompD;yGm;udkwyfrufaomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufonfvnf; oif;tkyfuJhodkYyifaiGaMu;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYudk
rwyfrufaomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;axmufjzpfolonf pyspf&nf\xdef;csKyfjcif;udk
rcHoihfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ tvm;wlyifolonfaiGaMu; ESihf
pnf;pdrf OpömwdkY\ xdef;csKyfjcif;udkvnf;rcHoihfyg/ olonftodkif;t0kdif;txJ&Sd
tjcm;olrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif½dk;om;rI&Sd&rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;jzpfcJhvQifvnf;
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ü ½dk;om;aMumif;udkoufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/
,HkMunfjcif;\eufeJaomt&mudkpGJvrf;aomol (i,f 9)
oif;axmufjzpfolonf 0dnmOfa&;üvnf; udk,fhudkudk,foufaoxlzdkYvdk
tyfonf/ tcef;i,f(9)wGif &Sifaygvkuoif;axmufonf udk,fhudkudk,fodaom
pdwfpifMu,frIESihftwl ,HkMunfjcif;\eufeJaomt&mudkpGJvrf;aomoljzpf&rnf
[kqdkxm;onf/ þajymMum;csufwGif ½IaxmifhESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ yxr½IaxmihfrSm
oif;axmufonf or®mw&m;udkjrJjrJpGJudkifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ]]jrJjrJqGJudkifjcif;}}
[laompum;vHk;onf xdrf;jrm;vufxyfcsdefüjyKMuaom oHEéd|mef rsm;udk&nfñTef;
ajymqdkaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ]]jrJjrJqGJudkifjcif;}} qdkonfrSm wpfpHkwpfckudk
vufvTwfroGm;ap&ef xdkt&mESihfeD;uyfpGmwGJqufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;axmuf
onfbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;udk jrJjrJqGJudkifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
olonf xdkor®mw&m;rsm;twGuf&Sifvdku&Sif? aovdkuao vdkvdkvm;vm;&Sdae&
rnf/ olonfxdkor®mw&m;rsm;udkrdrdvdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf udkufnDap&eftwGuf
avsmhcsnd§EdIif;jcif; (odkY) tmedoifavsmhatmifa&a&mjcif;rsdK;udk rvkyfoihfyg/
'kwd,½IaxmifhrSmoif;axmufjzpfonf udk,fhudkudk,fodaompdwfpif
Mu,fjcif;ESihftwl or®mw&m;udkjrJjrJqGJudkif&efjzpfonf/ udk,fhudkudk,fodaom
pdwfpifMu,fjcif;ESihftwl wpfpHkwpfckudkjrJjrJqGJudkifxm;jcif;qdkonfrSm pdwftm;jzihf
omxdkt&mudk,HkMunfjcif;omr[kwfbJ? vufawGUtoufwmüvnf;xdkt&mudk
usihfMuH tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonfwpfpHkwpfckudk,HkMunfxm;aomfvnf;
udk,fhudkudk,fodaom pdwfpifMu,fjcif;ESihftwl xdkt&mudkrusihfMuHbJvnf;jzpf
Ekdifonf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymxm;onfht&mrSm oif;axmufjzpfolonf
or®mw&m;udkod½Hkomr[kwf? xdkor®mw&m;udkaeYpOfusihfMuHtm;xkwf&rnf[k
jzpfonf/ oif;axmufonfor®w&m;udkodNyD;? xdkor®mw&m;twGufrm;rm;&yf
vsuf? xdkor®mw&m;udk aeYpOfusihfMuHtm;xkwf&rnfjzpfonf/
pHkprf;jcif;udkcHMuap (i,f 10)
oif;axmufonf 4if;\t½dkuft&mudkrvufcHrD OD;pGmpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;
udkcH&rnfjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdkaomf? olonfvufawGUtoufwmü udk,fh
udkudk,foufaojyxm;aomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;axmufwpfyg;udka&G;cs,fjcif;tm;
« 182 »« 181 »
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pyspf&nfaomufMuL;aomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufwpfyg;\ aemufxyfvu©Pmwpfyg;rSm pyspf&nfaomuf
MuL;aomolrjzpf&efjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonfoif;axmufrsm;udk pyspf&nfraomuf
oHk;MuzdkYrwm;jrpfxm;yg/ odkYaompyspf&nfudk tvGJoHk;pm;rjyKvkyf&efudkom
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ oif;axmufonfrdrd\tmoDoawmifhwrIudk
xdef;csKyf&rnfjzpfonf/ olonfrdrdtm;cGJcefYxm;aomtrIawmfudk pyspf&nf
tvGeftuRHaomufaejcif;jzihf t&Sufr&apoihfyg/
rpifMu,faompD;yGm;udkwyfrufaomolrjzpf& (i,f 8)
oif;axmufonfvnf; oif;tkyfuJhodkYyifaiGaMu;ESihf pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYudk
rwyfrufaomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;axmufjzpfolonf pyspf&nf\xdef;csKyfjcif;udk
rcHoihfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ tvm;wlyifolonfaiGaMu; ESihf
pnf;pdrf OpömwdkY\ xdef;csKyfjcif;udkvnf;rcHoihfyg/ olonftodkif;t0kdif;txJ&Sd
tjcm;olrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif½dk;om;rI&Sd&rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;jzpfcJhvQifvnf;
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ü ½dk;om;aMumif;udkoufaojy&rnfjzpfonf/
,HkMunfjcif;\eufeJaomt&mudkpGJvrf;aomol (i,f 9)
oif;axmufjzpfolonf 0dnmOfa&;üvnf; udk,fhudkudk,foufaoxlzdkYvdk
tyfonf/ tcef;i,f(9)wGif &Sifaygvkuoif;axmufonf udk,fhudkudk,fodaom
pdwfpifMu,frIESihftwl ,HkMunfjcif;\eufeJaomt&mudkpGJvrf;aomoljzpf&rnf
[kqdkxm;onf/ þajymMum;csufwGif ½IaxmifhESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ yxr½IaxmihfrSm
oif;axmufonf or®mw&m;udkjrJjrJpGJudkifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ]]jrJjrJqGJudkifjcif;}}
[laompum;vHk;onf xdrf;jrm;vufxyfcsdefüjyKMuaom oHEéd|mef rsm;udk&nfñTef;
ajymqdkaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ]]jrJjrJqGJudkifjcif;}} qdkonfrSm wpfpHkwpfckudk
vufvTwfroGm;ap&ef xdkt&mESihfeD;uyfpGmwGJqufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oif;axmuf
onfbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;udk jrJjrJqGJudkifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
olonf xdkor®mw&m;rsm;twGuf&Sifvdku&Sif? aovdkuao vdkvdkvm;vm;&Sdae&
rnf/ olonfxdkor®mw&m;rsm;udkrdrdvdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf udkufnDap&eftwGuf
avsmhcsnd§EdIif;jcif; (odkY) tmedoifavsmhatmifa&a&mjcif;rsdK;udk rvkyfoihfyg/
'kwd,½IaxmifhrSmoif;axmufjzpfonf udk,fhudkudk,fodaompdwfpif
Mu,fjcif;ESihftwl or®mw&m;udkjrJjrJqGJudkif&efjzpfonf/ udk,fhudkudk,fodaom
pdwfpifMu,fjcif;ESihftwl wpfpHkwpfckudkjrJjrJqGJudkifxm;jcif;qdkonfrSm pdwftm;jzihf
omxdkt&mudk,HkMunfjcif;omr[kwfbJ? vufawGUtoufwmüvnf;xdkt&mudk
usihfMuH tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ oifonfwpfpHkwpfckudk,HkMunfxm;aomfvnf;
udk,fhudkudk,fodaom pdwfpifMu,fjcif;ESihftwl xdkt&mudkrusihfMuHbJvnf;jzpf
Ekdifonf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymxm;onfht&mrSm oif;axmufjzpfolonf
or®mw&m;udkod½Hkomr[kwf? xdkor®mw&m;udkaeYpOfusihfMuHtm;xkwf&rnf[k
jzpfonf/ oif;axmufonfor®w&m;udkodNyD;? xdkor®mw&m;twGufrm;rm;&yf
vsuf? xdkor®mw&m;udk aeYpOfusihfMuHtm;xkwf&rnfjzpfonf/
pHkprf;jcif;udkcHMuap (i,f 10)
oif;axmufonf 4if;\t½dkuft&mudkrvufcHrD OD;pGmpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;
udkcH&rnfjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdkaomf? olonfvufawGUtoufwmü udk,fh
udkudk,foufaojyxm;aomoljzpf&rnf/ oif;axmufwpfyg;udka&G;cs,fjcif;tm;
« 182 »« 181 »
ouf
ooooo
tvQifpvdkrvkyfoihfyg/ olonfbmomul;ajymif;vmaomvlopfrjzpf&/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;udk od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efvdktyf
onf/ olonfrdrdvkyfaqmif&rnfhtrItwGuf tcsdefay;Ekdif aomoljzpfzdkYvdktyf
onf/ xdkt&mudktodkif;t0dkif;xJüomr[kwf? toif;awmfxJüvnf; oufao
xlxm;aomoljzpf&rnf/ ol\,HkMunfjcif;onfppfrSefí ½dk;om;pifMu,fonfh
taMumif;udk oufaoxlxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
olwdkY\ZeD;onfrsm; (i,f 11)
tcef;i,f(11)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;axmufwdkY\ZeD;
onfrsm;onf olwpfyg;u½dkaoav;pm;xdkufí wnfMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMu&
rnf[kajymxm;onf/ ]]ZeD;onfrsm;}}[laompum;vHk;twGuf toHk;jyKxm;aom
pum;vHk;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;[laompum;vHk;twGuf toHk;jyKxm;aom
pum;vHk;ESihfwlonf/ þtwGufaMumifhyif wcsdKUutcef;i,f(11)onf oif;
axmuftcef;u@udk xrf;aqmifaeMuaomtrsdK;orD;(oif;axmuf q&mr)
rsm;udk&nfñTef;xm;onf[kqdkMuonf/ tcsdKUuvnf; xdkpum;vHk;udk ]]ZeD;onf
rsm;}} [kteufzGihf&efa&G;cs,fMuNyD; &Sifaygvku oif;axmufrsm;\ZeD;onfrsm;udk
&nfñTef;xm;onf[krSwf,lMuonf/
oif;axmufrsm;uJhodkYyif xdktrsdK;orD; (oif;axmufq&mr odkYr[kwf
oif;axmuf\ZeD;onf)onf ½dkaoav;pm;xdkufaomol jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olronftjcm;trsdK;rsm;wGuf ,HkMunfjcif;ü4if;? vkyfaqmifrIü4if; yHkoufao
jzpfMu&rnf/
'kwd,tcsufrSm þtrsdK;orD;rsm;onf acsmpm;wwfaomolrjzpf&yg/
]]acsmpmjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;udk *&dpum;wGif "diabolo"[kac:onf/ þpum;
vHk;rS "devil" (ewfqdk;)[laom pum;vHk;udkuREfkyf&&SdcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ acsmpm;
wwfaomolrsm;onf olwpfyg;udkpGyfpGJíykwfcwfajymqdkwwfaomolrsm;jzpf
onf/ olwdkYonfolwpfyg;udkxdcdkufepfemí zsufvdkzsufqD;pum;vHk;rsm;udkoHk;Mu
onf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvk jywfjywfom;om;qdkxm;onfhtcsufrSm xdktrsdK;orD;
rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\vQmudkxdef;csKyfMu&rnf[líjzpfonf/ olwdkYonftwif;tzsif;
ajymaomol? toa&ysufatmif r[kwfrrSefpum;ajymqdkaomolrsm;jzpf&yg/
xdktrsdK;orD;rsm;onft&m&müor®mowd&Sdí opömw&m;ESihfjynfh0
aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ or®mowd&Sdjcif;qdkonfrSm toifhtwihfaexkdifwwfí
tpGef;ra&mufaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/ þpum;vHk;udkt&ufaopmoHk;pGJ
jcif;ü4if;? tjcm;aomjyKrlusihfMuHrIrsm;ü4if; &nfñTef;ítoHk;jyKEkdifonf/ or®m
owd&SdaomtrsdK;orD;onf pm;aomuf&mü4if;? vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&mü4if;?
0wfpm;qif,if&mü4if; tvGeftuRHrjyKvkyfaomoljzpfonf/ olronft&m&m
ütoihftwihf&Sdí odu©mvnf;&Sdoljzpfonf/ olronf,HkMunfudk;pm;xdkufaom
olvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSmcifyGef;onfjzpfolonf olrudkaeYpOf
vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf ,HkMunftm;xm;Ekdifonf/ olronfcifyGef;onfjzpfol
tay:ü4if;? rdom;pktay:ü4if;? todkif;t0kdif;tay:ü4if; opöm&Sdaom
oljzpfonf/
r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnf (i,f 12)
oif;tkyfuJhodkYyifoif;axmufonfvnf; r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnf/
ueOD;tcef;wGif þtaMumif;t&mudk tao;pdwfavhvmcJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh
uREfkyfaemufxyfr&Sif;jyawmhyg/ r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnfqdkaomaMumifh
« 184 »« 183 »
ouf
ooooo
tvQifpvdkrvkyfoihfyg/ olonfbmomul;ajymif;vmaomvlopfrjzpf&/
olonfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfor®mw&m;udk od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efvdktyf
onf/ olonfrdrdvkyfaqmif&rnfhtrItwGuf tcsdefay;Ekdif aomoljzpfzdkYvdktyf
onf/ xdkt&mudktodkif;t0dkif;xJüomr[kwf? toif;awmfxJüvnf; oufao
xlxm;aomoljzpf&rnf/ ol\,HkMunfjcif;onfppfrSefí ½dk;om;pifMu,fonfh
taMumif;udk oufaoxlxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
olwdkY\ZeD;onfrsm; (i,f 11)
tcef;i,f(11)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;axmufwdkY\ZeD;
onfrsm;onf olwpfyg;u½dkaoav;pm;xdkufí wnfMunfaomolrsm;jzpfMu&
rnf[kajymxm;onf/ ]]ZeD;onfrsm;}}[laompum;vHk;twGuf toHk;jyKxm;aom
pum;vHk;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;[laompum;vHk;twGuf toHk;jyKxm;aom
pum;vHk;ESihfwlonf/ þtwGufaMumifhyif wcsdKUutcef;i,f(11)onf oif;
axmuftcef;u@udk xrf;aqmifaeMuaomtrsdK;orD;(oif;axmuf q&mr)
rsm;udk&nfñTef;xm;onf[kqdkMuonf/ tcsdKUuvnf; xdkpum;vHk;udk ]]ZeD;onf
rsm;}} [kteufzGihf&efa&G;cs,fMuNyD; &Sifaygvku oif;axmufrsm;\ZeD;onfrsm;udk
&nfñTef;xm;onf[krSwf,lMuonf/
oif;axmufrsm;uJhodkYyif xdktrsdK;orD; (oif;axmufq&mr odkYr[kwf
oif;axmuf\ZeD;onf)onf ½dkaoav;pm;xdkufaomol jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olronftjcm;trsdK;rsm;wGuf ,HkMunfjcif;ü4if;? vkyfaqmifrIü4if; yHkoufao
jzpfMu&rnf/
'kwd,tcsufrSm þtrsdK;orD;rsm;onf acsmpm;wwfaomolrjzpf&yg/
]]acsmpmjcif;}} [laompum;vHk;udk *&dpum;wGif "diabolo"[kac:onf/ þpum;
vHk;rS "devil" (ewfqdk;)[laom pum;vHk;udkuREfkyf&&SdcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ acsmpm;
wwfaomolrsm;onf olwpfyg;udkpGyfpGJíykwfcwfajymqdkwwfaomolrsm;jzpf
onf/ olwdkYonfolwpfyg;udkxdcdkufepfemí zsufvdkzsufqD;pum;vHk;rsm;udkoHk;Mu
onf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvk jywfjywfom;om;qdkxm;onfhtcsufrSm xdktrsdK;orD;
rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\vQmudkxdef;csKyfMu&rnf[líjzpfonf/ olwdkYonftwif;tzsif;
ajymaomol? toa&ysufatmif r[kwfrrSefpum;ajymqdkaomolrsm;jzpf&yg/
xdktrsdK;orD;rsm;onft&m&müor®mowd&Sdí opömw&m;ESihfjynfh0
aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ or®mowd&Sdjcif;qdkonfrSm toifhtwihfaexkdifwwfí
tpGef;ra&mufaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/ þpum;vHk;udkt&ufaopmoHk;pGJ
jcif;ü4if;? tjcm;aomjyKrlusihfMuHrIrsm;ü4if; &nfñTef;ítoHk;jyKEkdifonf/ or®m
owd&SdaomtrsdK;orD;onf pm;aomuf&mü4if;? vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&mü4if;?
0wfpm;qif,if&mü4if; tvGeftuRHrjyKvkyfaomoljzpfonf/ olronft&m&m
ütoihftwihf&Sdí odu©mvnf;&Sdoljzpfonf/ olronf,HkMunfudk;pm;xdkufaom
olvnf;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSmcifyGef;onfjzpfolonf olrudkaeYpOf
vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf ,HkMunftm;xm;Ekdifonf/ olronfcifyGef;onfjzpfol
tay:ü4if;? rdom;pktay:ü4if;? todkif;t0kdif;tay:ü4if; opöm&Sdaom
oljzpfonf/
r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnf (i,f 12)
oif;tkyfuJhodkYyifoif;axmufonfvnf; r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnf/
ueOD;tcef;wGif þtaMumif;t&mudk tao;pdwfavhvmcJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh
uREfkyfaemufxyfr&Sif;jyawmhyg/ r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&rnfqdkaomaMumifh
« 184 »« 183 »
ouf
ooooo
oif;axmufjzpfolonf tdrfaxmifjyK&rnf[krqdkyg/ odkYaomftdrfaxmifjyKyg
uvnf; r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;om&Sd&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/ aemufxyftao;
pdwfaqG;aEG;wifjycsufrsm;twGuf þpmtkyf\tcef;BuD;(16)udkavhvmyg/
om;orD;ESihftdrfoltdrfom;wdkYudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfcsKyfaomol (i,f 12)
wpfzefoif;tkyfuJhodkYyifoif;axmufonfvnf; rdrd\rdom;pktm;jzihf
oufaojyaeoljzpf&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSmolonf rdrd\trIawmftwGufrdom;pk
udkvspfvsLr½Ioihfyg/ rdom;pkxJü trIawmfudkaqmif&efvdktyfaomtcsdefudkay;
&rnf/ oif;axmufjzpfolonf rdrd\,HkMunfcsufudkrdom;pktwGif;üvnf;&Sif
oefjy&rnfjzpfNyD; om;orD;rsm;udkvnf;bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;vrf;xJodkY
aoG;aqmif&efcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnf/ om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;onf yuwd
jynfhpHkaumif;rGefaomolrsm; vHk;vHk;jzpfMu&rnf[krqdkvdkyg/ om;orD;wpfOD;pD
wkdif;u rdrdwdkY\vkyf&yftwGufbk&m;ocif\ a&SUarSmufwGifjyefvnfpm&if;&Sif;
Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ þae&mü ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oif;axmufonfrdrd\
rdom;pkudkaumif;rGefpGmpDrHtkyfcsKyfí om;orD;rsm;udkvnf;ocifbk&m;\or®m
w&m;vrf;üqHk;roGefoifay;&rnf/
oif;axmuftrIudkaumif;rGefpGm aqmif&Gufaomolonf rdrdtzdkY
aumif;aomt&mudk4if;? a,½Ic&pf\,HkMunfjcif;ESihf &J&ifhjcif;owdåudk4if;
tjrwf&Murnf[kwdarmaotm;today;&if; &Sifaygvkuoif;axmufrsm;\
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aomoGefoifvrf;ñTefcsufudked*Hk;csKyfxm;ygonf/
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\*kPfjyKjcif;udkcH&í opöm&SdpGmxrf;aqmifcJhaom
trIawmftwGuf qkvm'frsm;udk&&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfESihf
*kPfawmftwGif; &SifoefcJhMuaomaMumifh xdkbk&m;ocif\a&SUarSmufwGif t&Suf
uGJtusdK;enf;jcif;ESifhuif;vsuf udk,hfudkudk,f,HkMunfpdwfcspGmjzihf &yfEkdifcJh
Muygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtodkif;t0kdif;&SdvldwdkY\av;pm;rIudk oif&&Sdxm;ygovm;/ xdkolwdkY
onfoihfudkrnfodkY½IjrifMuoenf;/
or®mw&m;udkjrJjrHpGmqGJudkifjcif;ESihf xkdor®mw&m;udkusihfoHk;&Sifoefj
cif;\jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
oif;tkyf(odkY)oif;axmufwpfyg;\ trIawmfvkyfief;wGifZeD;onf
jzpfol\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/ olronfxdkomoemvkyfief;udk
rnfodkYtusdK;jyKEkdifí? rnfodkYzsufqD;ypfEkdifoenf;/
þtcef;üuREfkyfwkdY avhvmcJhMuaomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfEdIif;íoihf
toufwmudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfMunfhzdkY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ rnfonfh
t&nftcsif;rsdK;ü oiftm;enf;aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
prf;oyfppfaq;í rSefuefaMumif;twnfjyKxm;aom 0dnmOfa&;&m
toufwmudk oihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhESvHk;om;udk&SmazGppfaq;í oihftxJü&Sdaeaom
r½dk;om;rIrsm;udkazmfxkwfjyoay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
« 186 »« 185 »
ouf
ooooo
oif;axmufjzpfolonf tdrfaxmifjyK&rnf[krqdkyg/ odkYaomftdrfaxmifjyKyg
uvnf; r,m;wpfa,mufwnf;om&Sd&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/ aemufxyftao;
pdwfaqG;aEG;wifjycsufrsm;twGuf þpmtkyf\tcef;BuD;(16)udkavhvmyg/
om;orD;ESihftdrfoltdrfom;wdkYudkaumif;rGefpGmtkyfcsKyfaomol (i,f 12)
wpfzefoif;tkyfuJhodkYyifoif;axmufonfvnf; rdrd\rdom;pktm;jzihf
oufaojyaeoljzpf&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSmolonf rdrd\trIawmftwGufrdom;pk
udkvspfvsLr½Ioihfyg/ rdom;pkxJü trIawmfudkaqmif&efvdktyfaomtcsdefudkay;
&rnf/ oif;axmufjzpfolonf rdrd\,HkMunfcsufudkrdom;pktwGif;üvnf;&Sif
oefjy&rnfjzpfNyD; om;orD;rsm;udkvnf;bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;vrf;xJodkY
aoG;aqmif&efcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnf/ om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;onf yuwd
jynfhpHkaumif;rGefaomolrsm; vHk;vHk;jzpfMu&rnf[krqdkvdkyg/ om;orD;wpfOD;pD
wkdif;u rdrdwdkY\vkyf&yftwGufbk&m;ocif\ a&SUarSmufwGifjyefvnfpm&if;&Sif;
Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ þae&mü ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm oif;axmufonfrdrd\
rdom;pkudkaumif;rGefpGmpDrHtkyfcsKyfí om;orD;rsm;udkvnf;ocifbk&m;\or®m
w&m;vrf;üqHk;roGefoifay;&rnf/
oif;axmuftrIudkaumif;rGefpGm aqmif&Gufaomolonf rdrdtzdkY
aumif;aomt&mudk4if;? a,½Ic&pf\,HkMunfjcif;ESihf &J&ifhjcif;owdåudk4if;
tjrwf&Murnf[kwdarmaotm;today;&if; &Sifaygvkuoif;axmufrsm;\
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aomoGefoifvrf;ñTefcsufudked*Hk;csKyfxm;ygonf/
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\*kPfjyKjcif;udkcH&í opöm&SdpGmxrf;aqmifcJhaom
trIawmftwGuf qkvm'frsm;udk&&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfESihf
*kPfawmftwGif; &SifoefcJhMuaomaMumifh xdkbk&m;ocif\a&SUarSmufwGif t&Suf
uGJtusdK;enf;jcif;ESifhuif;vsuf udk,hfudkudk,f,HkMunfpdwfcspGmjzihf &yfEkdifcJh
Muygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtodkif;t0kdif;&SdvldwdkY\av;pm;rIudk oif&&Sdxm;ygovm;/ xdkolwdkY
onfoihfudkrnfodkY½IjrifMuoenf;/
or®mw&m;udkjrJjrHpGmqGJudkifjcif;ESihf xkdor®mw&m;udkusihfoHk;&Sifoefj
cif;\jcm;em;csufrSmtb,fenf;/
oif;tkyf(odkY)oif;axmufwpfyg;\ trIawmfvkyfief;wGifZeD;onf
jzpfol\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/ olronfxdkomoemvkyfief;udk
rnfodkYtusdK;jyKEkdifí? rnfodkYzsufqD;ypfEkdifoenf;/
þtcef;üuREfkyfwkdY avhvmcJhMuaomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfEdIif;íoihf
toufwmudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfMunfhzdkY tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ rnfonfh
t&nftcsif;rsdK;ü oiftm;enf;aeygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
prf;oyfppfaq;í rSefuefaMumif;twnfjyKxm;aom 0dnmOfa&;&m
toufwmudk oihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocifonf oifhESvHk;om;udk&SmazGppfaq;í oihftxJü&Sdaeaom
r½dk;om;rIrsm;udkazmfxkwfjyoay;zdkY awmif;avQmufyg/
« 186 »« 185 »
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oifh&JUudk,fydkifrdom;pktwGuf qkawmif;ay;zdkYtcsdef tenf;i,f,lyg/
rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;wkdif;udk rdrdtxHyg;odkYaqmif,l&ef bk&m;ocifudk
awmif;avQmufyg/
toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;\ rdom;pkrsm;twGufqkawmif;ay;yg/
udk,fawmf&SiftxHüopöm&Sdí ppfrSefaomolrsm;jzpfaezdkYuG,fumay;&ef
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoif;awmfütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaom oif;axmufrsm;tm;
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkaxmufavQmufyg/ olwdkYonf
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGuf opöm&SdaomtapcHrsm;jzpfMurnfh
taMumif;qkawmif;ay;yg/
18
rSefaomudk;uG,fjcif;\eufeJaomt&m
1 wd 3;14-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ol\uG,fumrIatmufü &SdaeMuaomolwdkY
udkoGefoifay;zdkYwdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfcJhonf/ wdarmaoudktjrefqHk;jyefawGU&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfcJhaomfvnf; xdkodkYawGUqHkzdkYMuefYMumcJhvQifvnf; ,HkMunf
olrsm;rnfodkYjyKrlusihfMuHMu&rnfhtaMumif;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;od&Sdxm;zdkY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk atmufygoGefoifcsufrsm;udkay;tyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf oif;tkyf^q&mt&mudkxrf;aqmifaeaomfvnf;
olonfolwpfyg;\ oGefoifjcif;udkrcH,lEkdifatmifrjzpfcJhaMumif; owdjyKxm;
oifhonf/ olonf&Sifaygvk\oGefoifrIudk vdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHcJhonf/ þt&m
onfoif;tkyf(odkY)q&m wkdif;ü&Sd&rnfh MuHtifvu©Pmjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkoGefoifay;aomolrsm;jzpfaumif;jzpfMuayvdrfh
rnf/ odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkYudk,füuvnf; olwpfyg;\oGefoifay;jcif;udk vdkvkdvm;
vm;emcHwwfaomolrsm;jzpfzdkYvdktyfonf/ wdarmaoonf&SifaygvkESihfol\
oGefoifrIrsm;udkemcHEdkifavmufatmif pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsrI&Sdaomoljzpfonf/ oGefoif
vrf;ñTefay;rIrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYxufydkí&ifhusufaomolrsm;xHrS tjrJa&muf
rvmwwfaMumif;udk owdxm;MuzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhudkoGefoif
vrf;ñTefay;zdkYoihftoif;awmfxHrSrnfolYudkrqdktoHk;jyKEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif
onfoihf&JUom;orD;udkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifouJhodkYrSefaomudk;uG,fjcif;twGuf
oihfudkpdwfac:&ef r,HkMunfoludkvnf;toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ ta&;BuD;aomt
« 187 »
ouf
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oifh&JUudk,fydkifrdom;pktwGuf qkawmif;ay;zdkYtcsdef tenf;i,f,lyg/
rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;wkdif;udk rdrdtxHyg;odkYaqmif,l&ef bk&m;ocifudk
awmif;avQmufyg/
toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;\ rdom;pkrsm;twGufqkawmif;ay;yg/
udk,fawmf&SiftxHüopöm&Sdí ppfrSefaomolrsm;jzpfaezdkYuG,fumay;&ef
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoif;awmfütrIawmfaqmifaeMuaom oif;axmufrsm;tm;
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkaxmufavQmufyg/ olwdkYonf
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGuf opöm&SdaomtapcHrsm;jzpfMurnfh
taMumif;qkawmif;ay;yg/
18
rSefaomudk;uG,fjcif;\eufeJaomt&m
1 wd 3;14-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ol\uG,fumrIatmufü &SdaeMuaomolwdkY
udkoGefoifay;zdkYwdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfcJhonf/ wdarmaoudktjrefqHk;jyefawGU&efrSm
&Sifaygvk\pdwfqE´jzpfcJhaomfvnf; xdkodkYawGUqHkzdkYMuefYMumcJhvQifvnf; ,HkMunf
olrsm;rnfodkYjyKrlusihfMuHMu&rnfhtaMumif;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;od&Sdxm;zdkY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk atmufygoGefoifcsufrsm;udkay;tyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf oif;tkyf^q&mt&mudkxrf;aqmifaeaomfvnf;
olonfolwpfyg;\ oGefoifjcif;udkrcH,lEkdifatmifrjzpfcJhaMumif; owdjyKxm;
oifhonf/ olonf&Sifaygvk\oGefoifrIudk vdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHcJhonf/ þt&m
onfoif;tkyf(odkY)q&m wkdif;ü&Sd&rnfh MuHtifvu©Pmjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkoGefoifay;aomolrsm;jzpfaumif;jzpfMuayvdrfh
rnf/ odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkYudk,füuvnf; olwpfyg;\oGefoifay;jcif;udk vdkvkdvm;
vm;emcHwwfaomolrsm;jzpfzdkYvdktyfonf/ wdarmaoonf&SifaygvkESihfol\
oGefoifrIrsm;udkemcHEdkifavmufatmif pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsrI&Sdaomoljzpfonf/ oGefoif
vrf;ñTefay;rIrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYxufydkí&ifhusufaomolrsm;xHrS tjrJa&muf
rvmwwfaMumif;udk owdxm;MuzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhudkoGefoif
vrf;ñTefay;zdkYoihftoif;awmfxHrSrnfolYudkrqdktoHk;jyKEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif
onfoihf&JUom;orD;udkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifouJhodkYrSefaomudk;uG,fjcif;twGuf
oihfudkpdwfac:&ef r,HkMunfoludkvnf;toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ ta&;BuD;aomt
« 187 »
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[laomtoif;awmfESihfpyfvsOf;í uREfkyfudkoGefoifay;zdkY &Sifaygvküta&;BuD;
aomtaMumif;t&mtcsdKU&SdaeaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGU&onf(i,f 15)/
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufudk avhvmprf;ppf&ef þusrf;udkcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmzdkYtcsdef
tenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
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olwdkYüzcifwpfOD;om;&Sdí taoG;tom;jzihfaESmifzGJYxm;aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwdkYonf xdktdrfawmfü&Sdaomwm0efrsm;udk a0rQvkyfaqmifMuí wpfOD;udk
wpfOD;uG,fum&if;apmifha&SmufMuonf/ toif;awmfonfvnf; xdktwkdif;yif
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tpdwftykdif;jzpfMuaomolrsm;onf xm0&bk&m;ociftm;4if;wkdY\zcrnf;
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toif;awmftajrmuftjrm;onf tmjA[HESihf&SifaygvkwdkY\toufwmü rsuf
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&SdaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifqdkonfrSm oGefoifcsuft,l0g'oufoufom r[kwf
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umvt& arS;rSdefoGm;jcif;vnf;r&Sdyg/ olonf &Sifaygvk\acwfumvü &Sifoef
vIyf&Sm;aecJhouJhodkY ,aeYacwfumvwGifvnf; xdktwkdif;vIyf&Sm;&Sifoefvsuf&Sd
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&SdaomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYtaejzihf0rf;ajrmufMu&rnf/ c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmf
jzpfonfhtoif;awmfonf wefcdk;BuD;ítHhzG,ft&mvnf;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifxdktoif;awmfü usdef;0yf&Sifoefvsuf&SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
« 190 »« 189 »
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[laomtoif;awmfESihfpyfvsOf;í uREfkyfudkoGefoifay;zdkY &Sifaygvküta&;BuD;
aomtaMumif;t&mtcsdKU&SdaeaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGU&onf(i,f 15)/
&Sifaygvk\oGefoifcsufudk avhvmprf;ppf&ef þusrf;udkcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmzdkYtcsdef
tenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
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olwdkYüzcifwpfOD;om;&Sdí taoG;tom;jzihfaESmifzGJYxm;aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
olwdkYonf xdktdrfawmfü&Sdaomwm0efrsm;udk a0rQvkyfaqmifMuí wpfOD;udk
wpfOD;uG,fum&if;apmifha&SmufMuonf/ toif;awmfonfvnf; xdktwkdif;yif
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rnf/ crnf;awmfwpfyg;\ om;orD;rsm;jzpfMuaom uREfkyfwdkYonfvnf; uREfkyf
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bk&m;ocifonf touf&Sifawmfrlí ,aeYwGifvnf;vIyf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf/
toif;awmftajrmuftjrm;onf tmjA[HESihf&SifaygvkwdkY\toufwmü rsuf
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&SdaeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifqdkonfrSm oGefoifcsuft,l0g'oufoufom r[kwf
yg/ t,ltqwpfckrQomr[kwfyg/ olonftpOftvmwpfckt& vufcH
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aomoljzpfonf/ olonfouf&Sdwpfyg;jzpfonf/ ol\wefcdk;awmfonftcsdef
umvt& arS;rSdefoGm;jcif;vnf;r&Sdyg/ olonf &Sifaygvk\acwfumvü &Sifoef
vIyf&Sm;aecJhouJhodkY ,aeYacwfumvwGifvnf; xdktwkdif;vIyf&Sm;&Sifoefvsuf&Sd
aeygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomaMumifhuREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxHrSBuD;rm;xl;uJaom
t&mrsm;udkarQmfvihfEkdifonf/ olonfuREfkyfwdkY\tv,füaexkdif &Sifoefvsuf
&SdaomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYtaejzihf0rf;ajrmufMu&rnf/ c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmf
jzpfonfhtoif;awmfonf wefcdk;BuD;ítHhzG,ft&mvnf;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifxdktoif;awmfü usdef;0yf&Sifoefvsuf&SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
« 190 »« 189 »
ouf
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onf/ tkwfjrpfqdkonftaqmuftODudkwnfaqmuf&mü uRHusroGm;atmif
wnfray;xm;aomtrmcHjzpfonf/ trSDwuJwkdifqdkonfrSm xdktaqmuftOD
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toif;awmfüwm0efBuD;ESpf&yf&Sdonf[kajymMum;aeonf/ yxrwm0efrSm
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tm;jzihfqdk&vQif toif;awmfonfEIwfuywfawmf&Sd or®mw&m;tay:ü
wnfaqmuf&rnf/ 'kwd,wm0efrSm toif;awmfonfxdkor®mw&m;udk axmuf
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EIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ü wnfvQif xdkor®mw&m;udkavmuDom;rsm;a&SUü
a[majym&if;qkyfudkifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
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vHk;\teufeJqHk;aomt&mrSm vlom;rsm;bk&m;ocifESifhrnfodkY wzefjyefvnf
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ocifESihfrnfodkYjyefvnfoihfjrwfEdkifygrnfenf;/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif
ajrmufrsm;pGmaom,ZfylaZmfyojcif;rsm;udkjyKvkyfcJhMuaomfvnf; vlom;rsm;
onf bk&m;ocif ESihfjyefvnfroihfjrwfcJhao;yg/ ocifa,½I<uqif;vmcJhonfh
tcsdefüom þeufeJjcif;\tajzudkvSpf[jyocJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf vlom;
rsm;bk&m;ocif ESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfEdkifonfh wpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;
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\taMumif;tm; &SifaygvkurnfodkYajymqdkxm;onfudk owdjyKMunfhyg/
bk&m;ocifonfudk,fcE¨müay:xGef;awmfrlNyD
uREfkyfwdkYtjypf'kp½dkuf\tcrSmaojcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfvTwfjcif;
taMumif;ay:aygufvmzdkY ylaZmfyojcif;wpfrsdK;udk jyKvkyfzdkYvdktyfcJhonf/ tjypf
'kp½dkufudktaoG;tom;cE¨mü 'PfcwfpD&ifzdkY w&m;rQwjcif;wnf;[laomynwf
w&m;ujy|mef;xm;onf/ ocifa,&Ionfvludk,fcE¨mudkaqmif,lí vlom;tjzpf
ESihfþavmuodkY<uqif;cJhonf/ olonfuREfkyfwdkYtv,füaexkdif&Sifoefvsuf
uREfkyfwdkYESihfudk,f&if;wl oabmxm;owfrSwfcJhonf/
[kwfrSefajzmihfrwfaMumif;0dnmOfawmftm;jzihfxif&Sm;NyD
]][kwfrSefaMumif;oufaoxljcif;}}[laompum;vHk;\ *&dbmom&Sd
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jyKvkyfjcif;[líjzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf tjypf'kp½dkufESihfvGwfuif;ítjypfrJhol
wpfOD;jzpfcJhaomf tjypf&SdolwpfOD;uJhodkYrw&m;pGyfpGJjcif;udkcHcJhonf/ olonfwjcm;
&mZ0wfom;rsm;uJhodkY vuf0g;um;wkdifxufüoHrdIESihf½dkufESufjcif;udkcHcJhonf/
olonfaoqHk;í ocsØKif;üoN*ØKvfjcif;udkcHcJhonf/ odkYaomf0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;
awmftm;jzihfaojcif;rS jyefvnf&SifjyefxajrmufcJhonf/ olonf0dnmOfawmf
« 192 »« 191 »
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onf/ tkwfjrpfqdkonftaqmuftODudkwnfaqmuf&mü uRHusroGm;atmif
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toif;awmfüwm0efBuD;ESpf&yf&Sdonf[kajymMum;aeonf/ yxrwm0efrSm
toif;awmf onfor®mw&m;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ wenf;
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« 192 »« 191 »
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« 194 »« 193 »
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« 194 »« 193 »
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« 196 »« 195 »
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« 196 »« 195 »
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« 202 »« 201 »
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« 202 »« 201 »
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pdk;rdk;jc,fvS,fjcif;oabmonf bk&m;ocifxHrSvmaom t&m[kwfyg
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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bk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
« 204 »« 203 »
ouf
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wpfywfvSnfhvkyfí rdrdwdkYvdkcsifonfhtcsufrsm;ESihfqDavsmfudkufnDatmif vkyf
aqmifaeMuonf/ olwdkYonfraumif;rI'kp½dkufudkvkyfMuzdkY oGefoifay;jcif;awmh
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udk,HkMunfjcif;ü BuD;jyif;vm&oljzpfouJhodkY rSefuefaomoGefoifcsufrsm;udk
oif,lxm;olvnf;jzpfonf/ or®mw&m;üjrJjrHpGmr&yfwnfaomolrsm;udk
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&yfwnfí qefYusifMurnfholrsm; uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumvBuD;ü tb,frQvdktyf
Muygoenf;/
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uuREfkyfwdkYtm;ajymqdkxm;ygonf/
&efol\vSnfhjzm;wwfaom y&d,m,fESihfywfoufí þusrf;csufu
uREfkyfwdkYtm; rnfodkYoGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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bk&m;xHüawmif;avQmufyg/
« 204 »« 203 »
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qkawmif;yg/
20
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfzdkYavhusihfrGrf;rHjcif;
1 wd 4;7-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
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tay:ü 0dnmOfa&;&mtMuHay;ESpfodrfhol wpfOD;tvm;oGefoifay;xm;onf/
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udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHay;&efpdefac:xm;onf/bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;
trIYonfavhusihfí&,l&aomt&mjzpfonf/ þae&mütoHk;jyKxm; aompum;
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&Sifaygvkurl w&m;rJhaomt&mrsm;tjzpfaz:jyxm;onf/ þ'@m&Dpum;rsm;
onf vlom;pdwful;,OftawG;wdkYrS zefwD;xm;aomt&mrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSm
« 205 »
ouf
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oifwdkYtv,fü&SdaomrSm;,Gif;onfh q&mrsm;udkxkwfazmfay;zdkY
qkawmif;yg/
20
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfzdkYavhusihfrGrf;rHjcif;
1 wd 4;7-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
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tay:ü 0dnmOfa&;&mtMuHay;ESpfodrfhol wpfOD;tvm;oGefoifay;xm;onf/
&Sifaygvkonf 0dnmOfzcifwpfOD;tvm; wdarmaotm; bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfzdkY
udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHay;&efpdefac:xm;onf/bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;
trIYonfavhusihfí&,l&aomt&mjzpfonf/ þae&mütoHk;jyKxm; aompum;
vHk;onftm;upm;wpfckcktwGufavhusihfoifMum;oifMum;aeaom tm;upm;
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&Sifaygvkurl w&m;rJhaomt&mrsm;tjzpfaz:jyxm;onf/ þ'@m&Dpum;rsm;
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« 205 »
ouf
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üarGUavsmfjcif; toufwm\tajcwnf&mtkwfjrpfjrpf&rnf/ olonf pdwfqE´
trSefjzihfajymqdkaomq&mrsm;\tawG;tac:rsm;aMumifhyif tm½Hk vTJroGm;
oihfyg/ bk&m;0wf üarGUavsmfaomtoufwmtwGuf olvdktyfaom t&monf
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfü wnfxm;aomt&mjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(8)wGifudk,fum,avhusihfcef;onf twkdif;twmwpfcktxd
wefzdk;&Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf avhusihfrGrf;rHjcif;onfom
íwefzdk;&Sdonf/ udk,fhum,avhusihfcef;onf ,ckb0twGuftaxmuftul
jzpfaomfvnf;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;onf vmrnfhaemifb0twGufyifwefzdk;
&Sdonf/
wdarmaoonf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf udk,fhudkudk,favhusihf
rGrf;rH&mwGifbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;udkxdk;xGif;odjrifem;vnf
xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ olonfvlom;wdkY\'@m&Dpum;rsm; t,ltqrsm;ESifh
uif;uGmvsuf vkyfaqmifaomt&m[lorQudk bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\
rIwfoGif;xm;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;üomtajccH&rnf/
oihfarQmfvihfcsufudktouf&Sifawmfrlaombk&m;ocifüxm;yg (i,f 10)
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ay;xm;cJhaom'kwd,pnf;rsOf;rSmol\
arQmfvihf csufudktouf&Sifawmfrlívlom;tm;vHk;\ u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom
bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sd&efjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fwGif&Sifaygvku bk&m;ocifESihf
pyfvsOf;í tcsufESpfcsufudkajymjyxm;onf/ yxrtcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf
touf&Sifawmfrl\[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
tvHk;pHkaom wefcdk;awmfESihftcsKyftjcmtmPmudkydkifqkdifxm;onf/ touf&Sif
« 208 »« 207 »
ouf
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xif&Sm;onf/ 4if;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;ütajccH
rxm;yg/ uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumvBuD;wGifvnf; xdkuJhodkYaom '@m&Dpum;rsm;pGm
&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cspfjcif;arwåmbk&m;jzpfaomaMumifh rnfolYudkrQty,f
i&Jü'PfcwfpD&ifrnfr[kwf[k oGefoifay;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk oifawGUaumif;
awGUzl;cJhygrnf/ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef&SifoefaexkdifaomolwdkYudk rdrd\EdkifiH
awmfü bk&m;ocifutrSef{uefvufcHygvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfxm;aomolrsm;udk
vnf;oifawGUaumif;awGUcJhygrnf/ 4if;wdkYonfþavmuBuD;üawGU&aom
bk&m;ocifESihfpyfvsOf;onfh t,ltqrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYonf;bk&m;
ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ oGefoifay;csufü vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;tajcjyKxm;aom
t&mrsm;r[kwfMuyg/ 4if;wdkYonfw&m;rJhaom'@m&Dpum;rsm;omjzpfMuonf/
tvm;wlyif &Sifaygvkaz:jyxm;onfh ]]rdef;rtdkajymwwfaompum;}} rsm;onf
t,lonf;rIrsm;ESihf t,ltqoufoufrQomjzpfNyD; xHk;"H"avhütajcjyKaom
t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfüwnfaqmufxm;aomt&m
rsm;r[kwfyg/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þodkYaom'@m&Dpum;rsm;ESihf,Hkwrf;
pum;wdkYrSm a0;a0;a&Smif&efvdktyfaMumif;? taotcsmajymxm;cJhonf/ bk&m;
ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfhtwkdif;jzpfvmzdkYqdkvQif wdarmaotaejzihf bk&m;ocif
\&Sif;vif;jywfom;vSaom EIwfuywfawmf&Sdor®mw&m;ütajcwnfxm;
zdkYjzpfonf/ vlom;wdkY\tawG;tac:t,ltqrsm;\ tm½HkvTJjcif;udkrcHoihfyg/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfaomoljzpfvdkvQif olaexkdiftodkif;t0dkif;ü ysHUESHUaeaom
rSm;,Gif;onfhw&m;rJhaomoGefoifcsufrsm;rS udk,fhudkudk,fcGJcGmxm;&ayrnf/
bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmfomvQif olaexkdifusihfMuHonfhbk&m;0wf
üarGUavsmfjcif; toufwm\tajcwnf&mtkwfjrpfjrpf&rnf/ olonf pdwfqE´
trSefjzihfajymqdkaomq&mrsm;\tawG;tac:rsm;aMumifhyif tm½Hk vTJroGm;
oihfyg/ bk&m;0wf üarGUavsmfaomtoufwmtwGuf olvdktyfaom t&monf
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfü wnfxm;aomt&mjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(8)wGifudk,fum,avhusihfcef;onf twkdif;twmwpfcktxd
wefzdk;&Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf avhusihfrGrf;rHjcif;onfom
íwefzdk;&Sdonf/ udk,fhum,avhusihfcef;onf ,ckb0twGuftaxmuftul
jzpfaomfvnf;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;onf vmrnfhaemifb0twGufyifwefzdk;
&Sdonf/
wdarmaoonf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf udk,fhudkudk,favhusihf
rGrf;rH&mwGifbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®mw&m;udkxdk;xGif;odjrifem;vnf
xm;zdkYvdktyfonf/ olonfvlom;wdkY\'@m&Dpum;rsm; t,ltqrsm;ESifh
uif;uGmvsuf vkyfaqmifaomt&m[lorQudk bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\
rIwfoGif;xm;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;üomtajccH&rnf/
oihfarQmfvihfcsufudktouf&Sifawmfrlaombk&m;ocifüxm;yg (i,f 10)
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ay;xm;cJhaom'kwd,pnf;rsOf;rSmol\
arQmfvihf csufudktouf&Sifawmfrlívlom;tm;vHk;\ u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom
bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sd&efjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fwGif&Sifaygvku bk&m;ocifESihf
pyfvsOf;í tcsufESpfcsufudkajymjyxm;onf/ yxrtcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf
touf&Sifawmfrl\[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
tvHk;pHkaom wefcdk;awmfESihftcsKyftjcmtmPmudkydkifqkdifxm;onf/ touf&Sif
« 208 »« 207 »
ouf
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awmfrlaomaMumifhtpOftjrJjzpfwnfaecJhonfhtwkdif; wefcdk;&Sdvsuf? tcsKyf
tjcmtmPm&Sdvsufyifjzpfonf/ ol\wefcdk;&Sdaomvkyf&yfrsm;\ om"ursm;
udktwdwforkdif; twpfavQmufwGifawGU&onf/ olonfb,faomtcgurQ
rajymif;vnf;cJhyg/ olonf,aeYwGifvnf; xdktwkdif;yifjzpfvsufaeonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk þbk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;\u,f
wif&SifjzpfawmfrlaMumif;? txl;ojzihf,HkMunfaomolrsm;twGuf u,fwif&Sif
jzpfawmfrlaMumif;ajymjyxm;onf/ þtcsif;t&monfbk&m;ocifESihfol\
vlrsdK;awmfwdkYudkcsdwfqufay;xm;onf/ u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrlonfhtavsmuf
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tm½Hkpl;pdkuf
vsuf&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwdkYudk tcGihftmPmay;&eftwGuf4if;?
uG,fumapmifrzdkY&eftwGuf4if;? rGrf;rHwyfqifay;zdkY&eftwGuf4if; vufurf;
vkyfaqmifay;aeygonf/ olYudkrdrdwdkY\u,fwifydkif&SiftjzpfvufcHMuaom
olrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfESihf tpGrf;tpay;rIudkeufeufeJeJodjrif
cHpm;Muonf/ olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rI? uG,fumapmifrrIESihf
cGeftm;ay;jcif;wdkYudkcHpm;Mu&ygonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf&efudk,fhudkukd,f avhusihfrGrf;rHay;vdkvQif uREfkyfwdkY
\arQmfvihfjcif;udktouf&Sifawmfrlaom uREfkyfwdkY\u,fwif&Sifbk&m;ocif
txHüxm;&Sdjcif;jzihftpjyKzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudk,HkMunfaom
olrsm;tm;vHk;\ u,fwif&SifjzpfzdkY0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tifvsuf&Sdonf/ þprSwfrS
omvQifbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;t&mudk uREfkyfwdkYwdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifEdkif
Murnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\udk,fydkifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzihf bk&m;0wfü
arGUavsmfjcif;t&mudk b,faomtcgwGifrQ &&SdEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\
tjypfrsm;udkcsdK;zJhNzdKcGJypf&efESihf uREfkyfwdkYudkoefYpifay;zdkY touf&Sifawmfrlaom
bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;BuD;aomvkyfaqmifrIudk uREfkyfwdkYvdktyfMuonf/ wdarmao
\udk,fhudkudk,fpdwfcs,HkMunfrIonf rdrd\tpGrf;tpür[kwf bk&m;ocifüom
&Sdonf/
yHkoufaoudkjyavmh (i,f 12)
wdarmaoonf touft&G,ftm;jzihfi,f&G,fEkysdKaomoljzpfaom
aMumifh {zufNrdKUütcuftcJjyóemrsm;&SdcJhaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJhonf/
olonfi,f&G,faomaMumifh vltcsdKUutxiftjrifao;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; þpdk;&drfxdwfvefYrIrsm;udkab;ücsí yHkOyrmaumif;udkjyozdkY
ajymcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\ajymMum;csuftay:ü oHk;oyfcsuftenf;i,fay;vdk
onf/
yxrtaejzihf wdarmaoonf rdrd\t&G,fEkysdKjcif;udk tb,folrQ
rxDrJhjrifrjyKap&efjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif rdrdESihfywfoufaomvlwdkY
\xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;u rdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tay:üoufa&mufrIrjzpfapzdkY
jzpfonf/ vlrsm;\pdk;rdk;jcif;udkcH&zdkYrSmtb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\
0dnmOfa&;tqihftwef;udkuREfkyfwdkYaexdkif&mywf0efusif\0dnmOfa&;
tqihftwef;tm;jzihftNrJvdkvdk wkdif;wmowfrSwfMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtxHrS
arQmfvihfxm;Muonfhtwkdif; vkyfae&jcif;udkauseyftm;&vmMuonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYudk arQmfvihfxm;onfhtwkdif;r[kwfyJ?
uREfkyfwdkYnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;uarQmfvihfxm;onfhtwkdif;vkyfaqmifwwf
Muonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mü xifxifay:ay:aeaomolwdkYrSmtxifvGJcH&onf/
« 210 »« 209 »
ouf
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awmfrlaomaMumifhtpOftjrJjzpfwnfaecJhonfhtwkdif; wefcdk;&Sdvsuf? tcsKyf
tjcmtmPm&Sdvsufyifjzpfonf/ ol\wefcdk;&Sdaomvkyf&yfrsm;\ om"ursm;
udktwdwforkdif; twpfavQmufwGifawGU&onf/ olonfb,faomtcgurQ
rajymif;vnf;cJhyg/ olonf,aeYwGifvnf; xdktwkdif;yifjzpfvsufaeonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk þbk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;\u,f
wif&SifjzpfawmfrlaMumif;? txl;ojzihf,HkMunfaomolrsm;twGuf u,fwif&Sif
jzpfawmfrlaMumif;ajymjyxm;onf/ þtcsif;t&monfbk&m;ocifESihfol\
vlrsdK;awmfwdkYudkcsdwfqufay;xm;onf/ u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrlonfhtavsmuf
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tm½Hkpl;pdkuf
vsuf&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwdkYudk tcGihftmPmay;&eftwGuf4if;?
uG,fumapmifrzdkY&eftwGuf4if;? rGrf;rHwyfqifay;zdkY&eftwGuf4if; vufurf;
vkyfaqmifay;aeygonf/ olYudkrdrdwdkY\u,fwifydkif&SiftjzpfvufcHMuaom
olrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfESihf tpGrf;tpay;rIudkeufeufeJeJodjrif
cHpm;Muonf/ olwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rI? uG,fumapmifrrIESihf
cGeftm;ay;jcif;wdkYudkcHpm;Mu&ygonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf&efudk,fhudkukd,f avhusihfrGrf;rHay;vdkvQif uREfkyfwdkY
\arQmfvihfjcif;udktouf&Sifawmfrlaom uREfkyfwdkY\u,fwif&Sifbk&m;ocif
txHüxm;&Sdjcif;jzihftpjyKzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudk,HkMunfaom
olrsm;tm;vHk;\ u,fwif&SifjzpfzdkY0rf;ajrmufaysmf&Tifvsuf&Sdonf/ þprSwfrS
omvQifbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;t&mudk uREfkyfwdkYwdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifEdkif
Murnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\udk,fydkifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItm;jzihf bk&m;0wfü
arGUavsmfjcif;t&mudk b,faomtcgwGifrQ &&SdEkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\
tjypfrsm;udkcsdK;zJhNzdKcGJypf&efESihf uREfkyfwdkYudkoefYpifay;zdkY touf&Sifawmfrlaom
bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;BuD;aomvkyfaqmifrIudk uREfkyfwdkYvdktyfMuonf/ wdarmao
\udk,fhudkudk,fpdwfcs,HkMunfrIonf rdrd\tpGrf;tpür[kwf bk&m;ocifüom
&Sdonf/
yHkoufaoudkjyavmh (i,f 12)
wdarmaoonf touft&G,ftm;jzihfi,f&G,fEkysdKaomoljzpfaom
aMumifh {zufNrdKUütcuftcJjyóemrsm;&SdcJhaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJhonf/
olonfi,f&G,faomaMumifh vltcsdKUutxiftjrifao;cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; þpdk;&drfxdwfvefYrIrsm;udkab;ücsí yHkOyrmaumif;udkjyozdkY
ajymcJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\ajymMum;csuftay:ü oHk;oyfcsuftenf;i,fay;vdk
onf/
yxrtaejzihf wdarmaoonf rdrd\t&G,fEkysdKjcif;udk tb,folrQ
rxDrJhjrifrjyKap&efjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif rdrdESihfywfoufaomvlwdkY
\xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;u rdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tay:üoufa&mufrIrjzpfapzdkY
jzpfonf/ vlrsm;\pdk;rdk;jcif;udkcH&zdkYrSmtb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\
0dnmOfa&;tqihftwef;udkuREfkyfwdkYaexdkif&mywf0efusif\0dnmOfa&;
tqihftwef;tm;jzihftNrJvdkvdk wkdif;wmowfrSwfMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtxHrS
arQmfvihfxm;Muonfhtwkdif; vkyfae&jcif;udkauseyftm;&vmMuonf/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYudk arQmfvihfxm;onfhtwkdif;r[kwfyJ?
uREfkyfwdkYnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;uarQmfvihfxm;onfhtwkdif;vkyfaqmifwwf
Muonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mü xifxifay:ay:aeaomolwdkYrSmtxifvGJcH&onf/
« 210 »« 209 »
ouf
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wpfcgwpf&Holwpfyg;Munfhaumif;atmifvkyfaeolrsm;[k xifrSwfcH&onf/
tajccHjyKjyifa&;0g'Drsm;[k½IjrifcHMu&onf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf
udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rH&müwjcm;olrsm;\tjrifrsm;urdrdudkrpdk;rdk;apzdkY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjyaeygonf/ wdarmaorSm udk,fhudkudk,fpum;
ajymjcif;t&mü4if;? jyKrlusihfMuHjcif;p½dkufü4if;? olwpfyg; udkcspfjcif;ü4if;?
0dnmOfoabm&Sdjcif;ü4if;? opömapmifhjcif;ü4if;? oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;trIü4if;
yHkOyrmjzpfzdkYqufuyftyfESHxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;twGuf
udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHvdkvQif oihfudkolwpfyg;uxifjrif ,lqonfht&m
(odkY) arQmfvihfxm;onfht&mrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Ekdif&ayrnf/ oihfteD;tem; &Sdvl
wdkYu oifhüarQmfvihfxm;onfht&mrsm;xuf bk&m;ocif\ ESvHk;om;udk
toufwmü&,lvQuf tjcm;olrsm;ESihfuGJjym;jcm;em;aomoltjzpf xifxif
ay:ay:&yfwnfvdkaomoljzpf&ayrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf uREfkyfwdkYoabmaygufem;vnfxm;&rnfht&mrSm
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trIwGif uREfkyfwdkYonfudk,fhudk udk,fqD;wm;aESmuf,Suf
EkdifMuonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf toif;awmfxJ&SdvlwdkY\
ajymqdka0zefoHudkem;axmifNyD;aemuf ]][kwfw,f? olwdkYajymwmrSefw,f/
ig[mtouftm;jzihfvnf;i,fao;w,f/ NyD;awmhtawGUtMuHKrSmvnf; Eke,f
ao;w,f/ igbmvkyfEkdifrSmvJ}}[k udk,fhudkudk,fajymqdkaeonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
xdkYaMumifh&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ol\ t&G,fEkysdKjcif;ESihf tawGUtMuHKr&Sdjcif;
rsm;udkab;z,fít&m tm;vHk;üykHOyrmaumif;udkwnfaqmufzdkYajymMum;cJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ þodkYvkyfaqmif&mwGif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;zdkYvdktyfonf/
yHkoufaoaumif;wpfckjzpfvmzdkY wdarmaotaejzihf u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrl
aombk&m;ocifonf xdkodkYaomyHkoufaoaumif;tjzpfodkY rdrda&muf&SdoGm;zdkY
uG,fumapmifrícGeftm;ay;ygvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfudk;pm;zdkYvdktyfcJhonf/
oifonfbk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;trItwGuf udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHvdkvQif
oufawmifhoufomae&mudk pGefYvTwfzdkYvdkvdkvm;vm;&Sd&ayrnf/ oifudk,fwkdifjyK
vkyfzdkY rawGUjrifEkdifaomt&mrsm;udkjyK vkyfEkdifzdkYbk&m;ocif udk,HkMunfudk;pm;
zdkYvdkygonf/ udk,fhudkudk,f r,HkMunfEkdifrIrsm;udkab;ücsí bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdk
aomyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY ulnDapmifray;&efbk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfudk;pm;yg/
usrf;pmbwfjcif;udkBudK;pm;íjyKavmh (i,f 33)
tcef;i,f(13)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þodkYbk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;wGifavhusihfrGrf;rH&mü udk,fhudkudk,fusrf;pmzwfjcif;? wdkufwGef;aoG;
aqmifjcif;? qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wdkYü jr§KyfESHxm;&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ usrf;pmzwf
jcif;ESihfwdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;rsm;onf rnfonfhae&mrsdK;üjzpfysufMuoenf;/
,HkMunfolrsm;twlwuG pk½Hk;awGUqHkMuaomtcgwGifjzpfysufygonf/ wenf;
tm;jzihfqdk&vQifEIwfuywfawmfudk½dkaoav;pm;í? xdkEIwfuywfawmfudkopöm
&Sd&Sda[majymoGefoifay;aomvlpkvla0;wdkYü wdarmaoyg0if&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;t&monf wpfudk,fwnf;xD;xD;aexkdifjcif;jzihf&&SdEdkif
aomt&mr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjrwfEdk;½dkaoaomolrsm;ESihf
rdó[m,zGJYjcif;jzihfom&&SdEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/
qkaus;Zl;udkrjyKpkbJraeESihf (i,f 14)
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf þodkYaomavhusihfrGrf; rHrIudk&,l&mü
« 212 »« 211 »
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wpfcgwpf&Holwpfyg;Munfhaumif;atmifvkyfaeolrsm;[k xifrSwfcH&onf/
tajccHjyKjyifa&;0g'Drsm;[k½IjrifcHMu&onf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf
udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rH&müwjcm;olrsm;\tjrifrsm;urdrdudkrpdk;rdk;apzdkY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjyaeygonf/ wdarmaorSm udk,fhudkudk,fpum;
ajymjcif;t&mü4if;? jyKrlusihfMuHjcif;p½dkufü4if;? olwpfyg; udkcspfjcif;ü4if;?
0dnmOfoabm&Sdjcif;ü4if;? opömapmifhjcif;ü4if;? oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;trIü4if;
yHkOyrmjzpfzdkYqufuyftyfESHxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;twGuf
udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHvdkvQif oihfudkolwpfyg;uxifjrif ,lqonfht&m
(odkY) arQmfvihfxm;onfht&mrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Ekdif&ayrnf/ oihfteD;tem; &Sdvl
wdkYu oifhüarQmfvihfxm;onfht&mrsm;xuf bk&m;ocif\ ESvHk;om;udk
toufwmü&,lvQuf tjcm;olrsm;ESihfuGJjym;jcm;em;aomoltjzpf xifxif
ay:ay:&yfwnfvdkaomoljzpf&ayrnf/
'kwd,taejzihf uREfkyfwdkYoabmaygufem;vnfxm;&rnfht&mrSm
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trIwGif uREfkyfwdkYonfudk,fhudk udk,fqD;wm;aESmuf,Suf
EkdifMuonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf toif;awmfxJ&SdvlwdkY\
ajymqdka0zefoHudkem;axmifNyD;aemuf ]][kwfw,f? olwdkYajymwmrSefw,f/
ig[mtouftm;jzihfvnf;i,fao;w,f/ NyD;awmhtawGUtMuHKrSmvnf; Eke,f
ao;w,f/ igbmvkyfEkdifrSmvJ}}[k udk,fhudkudk,fajymqdkaeonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
xdkYaMumifh&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ol\ t&G,fEkysdKjcif;ESihf tawGUtMuHKr&Sdjcif;
rsm;udkab;z,fít&m tm;vHk;üykHOyrmaumif;udkwnfaqmufzdkYajymMum;cJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ þodkYvkyfaqmif&mwGif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;zdkYvdktyfonf/
yHkoufaoaumif;wpfckjzpfvmzdkY wdarmaotaejzihf u,fwif&Sifjzpfawmfrl
aombk&m;ocifonf xdkodkYaomyHkoufaoaumif;tjzpfodkY rdrda&muf&SdoGm;zdkY
uG,fumapmifrícGeftm;ay;ygvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfudk;pm;zdkYvdktyfcJhonf/
oifonfbk&m;0wfü arGUavsmfjcif;trItwGuf udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHvdkvQif
oufawmifhoufomae&mudk pGefYvTwfzdkYvdkvdkvm;vm;&Sd&ayrnf/ oifudk,fwkdifjyK
vkyfzdkY rawGUjrifEkdifaomt&mrsm;udkjyK vkyfEkdifzdkYbk&m;ocif udk,HkMunfudk;pm;
zdkYvdkygonf/ udk,fhudkudk,f r,HkMunfEkdifrIrsm;udkab;ücsí bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdk
aomyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY ulnDapmifray;&efbk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfudk;pm;yg/
usrf;pmbwfjcif;udkBudK;pm;íjyKavmh (i,f 33)
tcef;i,f(13)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þodkYbk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;wGifavhusihfrGrf;rH&mü udk,fhudkudk,fusrf;pmzwfjcif;? wdkufwGef;aoG;
aqmifjcif;? qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wdkYü jr§KyfESHxm;&rnf[kajymcJhonf/ usrf;pmzwf
jcif;ESihfwdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;rsm;onf rnfonfhae&mrsdK;üjzpfysufMuoenf;/
,HkMunfolrsm;twlwuG pk½Hk;awGUqHkMuaomtcgwGifjzpfysufygonf/ wenf;
tm;jzihfqdk&vQifEIwfuywfawmfudk½dkaoav;pm;í? xdkEIwfuywfawmfudkopöm
&Sd&Sda[majymoGefoifay;aomvlpkvla0;wdkYü wdarmaoyg0if&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;t&monf wpfudk,fwnf;xD;xD;aexkdifjcif;jzihf&&SdEdkif
aomt&mr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjrwfEdk;½dkaoaomolrsm;ESihf
rdó[m,zGJYjcif;jzihfom&&SdEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/
qkaus;Zl;udkrjyKpkbJraeESihf (i,f 14)
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;twGuf þodkYaomavhusihfrGrf; rHrIudk&,l&mü
« 212 »« 211 »
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rdrd&&Sdxm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkudkvspfvsL½Irxm;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm; tcef;i,f(14)wGifazmfjyay;xm;onf/ þqkaus;Zl;udkAsm'dwfawmftm;jzihf
wdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYaomqkaus;Zl;jzpfondukrl
wdwdususajymjyrxm;yg/ odkYaomfuREfkyfwdkYod&Sdxm;zdkYta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudkom avhvmqnf;zl;zdkYr[kwf? uREfkyfwdkY&&Sdxm;
aomqkaus;Zl;udk bkef;awmftwGuftoHk;jyKEkdifzdkY&efvnf;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
\EIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmqnf;yljcif;rSmtvGefta&;BuD;aomt&mjzpfaomf
vnf; xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;wpfckwnf;ESihfrjynfhpHkaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;
onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&m<uufom;rsm;udk avhusihfcef;ay;&if; vufawGU
vkyf aqmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;qdkonfrSm or®mw&m;udkom
od&Sdem;vnfjcif; oufoufomr[kwf? xdkod&Sdem;vnfxm;aomor®mw&m;udk
vufawGUazmfaqmifusihfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,mukyf 1;2 wGif &Sif,mukuþ
odkYqdkxm;onf -
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r&Sdaomoli,fwdkYESihf rkqdk;rwdkYonfqif;&JcH&aomtcg? olwdkYudk
Munfh½IjyKpkjcif;? udk,fwkdifvnf; avmuDtnpftaMu;ESihfuifpiftHhaom
iSmapmifha&Smufjcif;aywnf;/}}
NydKifyGJESihfywfoufaompnf;rsOf;Oya'pmtkyfudk wpfcsdefvHk;avhvmaeNyD;
b,fawmhrQudk,fwkdifNydKifyGJ0ifavhr&Sdaom tm;upm;orm;wpfOD;udkpdwful;
Munfhyg/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYonf or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ü 4if;wdkY\
tcsdefrsm;udktoHk;jyKcJhMuaomfvnf; olwdkYavhvmawGU&Sdxm;csufrsm;udkb,f
awmhrSvufawGUürusihfoHk;Muyg/ oifonfbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trIwGif
BuD;xGm;&ifhusufjcifvQif ]]upm;yGJudk0ifEGJ&ayrnf/}} trIawmfudkopöm&Sd&Sd xrf;
aqmifMuzdkYbk&m;ocifuuREfkyfudkarQmfvihfxm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOfpGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf wpfyg;olwdkYtm;ulnDaxmufrzdkYomr[kwf? bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;trIü uREfkyfwdkYudkavhusihfrGrf;rHay;&mü bk&m;ociftoHk;jyKaom
wefqmvnf;jzpfonf/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;ü vHk;v0D&d,&SdzdkY&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;pdef
ac:xm;onf/ wdarmaotaejzihf þtcsif;t&mrsm;ü pdwfESvHk;t<uif;rJhjr§KyfESH
xm;zdkYjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rdrda0iSajymMum;xm;aomt&m
rsm;üvHk;vpdkufxkwfíBudK;yrf;vQif vltrsm;uol\wdk;wuf&ihfusufvmrIudkjrif
awGUMu&rnfhtaMumif;uwdjyKxm;onf (i,f 15)/ rdrd\toufwm? qHk;r
Mo0g'w&m;udkapmifhMunfhjcif;jzihf4if;? xdkt&mrsm;ütywfwukwf BudK;pm;tm;
xkwfjcif;jzihf4if;? wdarmaoonf rdrdudk,fudk4if;? em;axmifaomolwdkYudk4if;
u,fwifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; udk,fhudkudk,fu,fwifvdrfhrnf[k qdk&mwGif
w&m;pD&ifjcif;udkajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
wdarmaoonfbk&m;ocifhtay:ü tvkyfa<u;qyfzdkY&SdcJhonf/ wdarmao\
u,fwifjcif;rSm aocsmaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; oltoufwmESihfolvkyfcJhaom
vkyf&yfrsm;twGufbk&m;ocifudkajz&Sif;csufay;&OD;rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd\touf
wm yHkOyrmESihfqHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;tm;jzihf wdarmaoonfvltajrmuftrsm;udk
tjypf'kp½dkufrS4if;? ykefuefwwfjcif;rS4if; u,fwifay;Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/
,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfMuaom uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ tHhzG,faumif;csD;
r*FvmESihfvGJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf jcif;wGifudk,fudkudk,fravhusihf
« 214 »« 213 »
ouf
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rdrd&&Sdxm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkudkvspfvsL½Irxm;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm; tcef;i,f(14)wGifazmfjyay;xm;onf/ þqkaus;Zl;udkAsm'dwfawmftm;jzihf
wdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYaomqkaus;Zl;jzpfondukrl
wdwdususajymjyrxm;yg/ odkYaomfuREfkyfwdkYod&Sdxm;zdkYta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudkom avhvmqnf;zl;zdkYr[kwf? uREfkyfwdkY&&Sdxm;
aomqkaus;Zl;udk bkef;awmftwGuftoHk;jyKEkdifzdkY&efvnf;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
\EIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmqnf;yljcif;rSmtvGefta&;BuD;aomt&mjzpfaomf
vnf; xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;wpfckwnf;ESihfrjynfhpHkaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymjyxm;
onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&m<uufom;rsm;udk avhusihfcef;ay;&if; vufawGU
vkyf aqmifzdkYvdktyfonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;qdkonfrSm or®mw&m;udkom
od&Sdem;vnfjcif; oufoufomr[kwf? xdkod&Sdem;vnfxm;aomor®mw&m;udk
vufawGUazmfaqmifusihfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,mukyf 1;2 wGif &Sif,mukuþ
odkYqdkxm;onf -
]]crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifa&SUü pifMu,foefY&Sif;aom oDv[lrlum;? rdb
r&Sdaomoli,fwdkYESihf rkqdk;rwdkYonfqif;&JcH&aomtcg? olwdkYudk
Munfh½IjyKpkjcif;? udk,fwkdifvnf; avmuDtnpftaMu;ESihfuifpiftHhaom
iSmapmifha&Smufjcif;aywnf;/}}
NydKifyGJESihfywfoufaompnf;rsOf;Oya'pmtkyfudk wpfcsdefvHk;avhvmaeNyD;
b,fawmhrQudk,fwkdifNydKifyGJ0ifavhr&Sdaom tm;upm;orm;wpfOD;udkpdwful;
Munfhyg/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaomvlwdkYonf or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ü 4if;wdkY\
tcsdefrsm;udktoHk;jyKcJhMuaomfvnf; olwdkYavhvmawGU&Sdxm;csufrsm;udkb,f
awmhrSvufawGUürusihfoHk;Muyg/ oifonfbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trIwGif
BuD;xGm;&ifhusufjcifvQif ]]upm;yGJudk0ifEGJ&ayrnf/}} trIawmfudkopöm&Sd&Sd xrf;
aqmifMuzdkYbk&m;ocifuuREfkyfudkarQmfvihfxm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOfpGrf;&nf
qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf wpfyg;olwdkYtm;ulnDaxmufrzdkYomr[kwf? bk&m;0wfüarGU
avsmfjcif;trIü uREfkyfwdkYudkavhusihfrGrf;rHay;&mü bk&m;ociftoHk;jyKaom
wefqmvnf;jzpfonf/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;ü vHk;v0D&d,&SdzdkY&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;pdef
ac:xm;onf/ wdarmaotaejzihf þtcsif;t&mrsm;ü pdwfESvHk;t<uif;rJhjr§KyfESH
xm;zdkYjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rdrda0iSajymMum;xm;aomt&m
rsm;üvHk;vpdkufxkwfíBudK;yrf;vQif vltrsm;uol\wdk;wuf&ihfusufvmrIudkjrif
awGUMu&rnfhtaMumif;uwdjyKxm;onf (i,f 15)/ rdrd\toufwm? qHk;r
Mo0g'w&m;udkapmifhMunfhjcif;jzihf4if;? xdkt&mrsm;ütywfwukwf BudK;pm;tm;
xkwfjcif;jzihf4if;? wdarmaoonf rdrdudk,fudk4if;? em;axmifaomolwdkYudk4if;
u,fwifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; udk,fhudkudk,fu,fwifvdrfhrnf[k qdk&mwGif
w&m;pD&ifjcif;udkajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ oif;tkyfwpfyg;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
wdarmaoonfbk&m;ocifhtay:ü tvkyfa<u;qyfzdkY&SdcJhonf/ wdarmao\
u,fwifjcif;rSm aocsmaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; oltoufwmESihfolvkyfcJhaom
vkyf&yfrsm;twGufbk&m;ocifudkajz&Sif;csufay;&OD;rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd\touf
wm yHkOyrmESihfqHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;tm;jzihf wdarmaoonfvltajrmuftrsm;udk
tjypf'kp½dkufrS4if;? ykefuefwwfjcif;rS4if; u,fwifay;Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/
,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfMuaom uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ tHhzG,faumif;csD;
r*FvmESihfvGJoGm;Ekdifygonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmf jcif;wGifudk,fudkudk,fravhusihf
« 214 »« 213 »
ouf
ooooo
ay;jcif;tm;jzihf4if;? c&pfawmfü&&Sdxm;aomuREfkyfwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;udk
tqHk;xdtoHk;rjyKjcif;tm;jzihf4if;? bk&m;ocif\xdkaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk vuf
vTwfqHk;½HI;aeMuonf/ wpfaeYwGifuREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ a&SUawmf arSmuf
ü&yfvsufuREfkyfwdkY\toufwmrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;íajz&Sif;csufudkay;Mu&yg
vdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYudk,fhudkudk,f bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGifravhusihfay;MuvQif
vufvTwfqHk;½HI;&rnfht&mrsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
udk,fudkudk,fpnf;ESihfurf;ESihfrxm;? tvkyfudkvnf;BudK;pm; rvkyfbJ
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfaomoljzpfzkdY jzpfEkdifacs&Sdygovm;/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfaomoljzpfvmzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\pnf;urf;ao0yfrIESihf
uREfkyfwdkYtxJ&Sdocifc&pfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIwdkY qufpyfaeyHkum;
tb,fenf;/
bk&m;0wfüomíarGUavsmfaomoljzpfvmzdkY oifrnfonfh t&mudkvkyfzdkY
vdktyfoenf;/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkYudk,fhudkudk,f avhusihfay;ae&mü
wpfyg;olwdkY\ajympum;rsm;ESihftjrifrsm;u uREfkyfwdkYudkrnfodkY[efYwm;
aESmifh,SufEkdifygoenf;/ tjcm;olrsm;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;touf
wmudk&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY oihftoufwmonf olwdkYtwGufcGeftm;ay;
EdI;aqmfay;aomt&mjzpfcJhygovm;/ olwpfyg;aMumifhoifpdwf"gwf
uscJhzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü tjcm;olrsm;ESihf rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;onf
uREfkyfwdkYudk,hfudkudk,fbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trItwGuf avhusihfoihf
,laejcif;wGif rnfonfhtcef;u@üyg0ifoenf;/
bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY
toHk;jyKMuzdkY tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;ü
BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzdkY oihftm;ay;tyfxm;aomqkaus;Zl;udk bk&m;
ocifrnfodkYtoHk;jyKcJhygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif BuD;xGm;&ihfusufvmzdkY&eftwGuf vdktyf
aompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udkay;tyfzdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHay;&mü[efYwm;
aESmif,Sufaeaomt&mrsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;az:jyay;zdkYbk&m;ocif
udkawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif &SifoefaexkdifzdkYtopfwpfzefjyefvnf
qufuyf&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
« 216 »« 215 »
ouf
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ay;jcif;tm;jzihf4if;? c&pfawmfü&&Sdxm;aomuREfkyfwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;udk
tqHk;xdtoHk;rjyKjcif;tm;jzihf4if;? bk&m;ocif\xdkaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk vuf
vTwfqHk;½HI;aeMuonf/ wpfaeYwGifuREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ a&SUawmf arSmuf
ü&yfvsufuREfkyfwdkY\toufwmrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;íajz&Sif;csufudkay;Mu&yg
vdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYudk,fhudkudk,f bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGifravhusihfay;MuvQif
vufvTwfqHk;½HI;&rnfht&mrsm;pGm&Sdaeonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
udk,fudkudk,fpnf;ESihfurf;ESihfrxm;? tvkyfudkvnf;BudK;pm; rvkyfbJ
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfaomoljzpfzkdY jzpfEkdifacs&Sdygovm;/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfaomoljzpfvmzdkY uREfkyfwdkY\pnf;urf;ao0yfrIESihf
uREfkyfwdkYtxJ&Sdocifc&pfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIwdkY qufpyfaeyHkum;
tb,fenf;/
bk&m;0wfüomíarGUavsmfaomoljzpfvmzdkY oifrnfonfh t&mudkvkyfzdkY
vdktyfoenf;/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkYudk,fhudkudk,f avhusihfay;ae&mü
wpfyg;olwdkY\ajympum;rsm;ESihftjrifrsm;u uREfkyfwdkYudkrnfodkY[efYwm;
aESmifh,SufEkdifygoenf;/ tjcm;olrsm;bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;touf
wmudk&SifoefaexkdifMuzdkY oihftoufwmonf olwdkYtwGufcGeftm;ay;
EdI;aqmfay;aomt&mjzpfcJhygovm;/ olwpfyg;aMumifhoifpdwf"gwf
uscJhzl;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfü tjcm;olrsm;ESihf rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;onf
uREfkyfwdkYudk,hfudkudk,fbk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;trItwGuf avhusihfoihf
,laejcif;wGif rnfonfhtcef;u@üyg0ifoenf;/
bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aom 0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY
toHk;jyKMuzdkY tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;ü
BuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzdkY oihftm;ay;tyfxm;aomqkaus;Zl;udk bk&m;
ocifrnfodkYtoHk;jyKcJhygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif BuD;xGm;&ihfusufvmzdkY&eftwGuf vdktyf
aompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udkay;tyfzdkY ocifbk&m;xHüawmif;avQmuf
yg/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif udk,fhudkudk,favhusihfrGrf;rHay;&mü[efYwm;
aESmif,Sufaeaomt&mrsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;az:jyay;zdkYbk&m;ocif
udkawmif;avQmufyg/
bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;wGif &SifoefaexkdifzdkYtopfwpfzefjyefvnf
qufuyf&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/
« 216 »« 215 »
ouf
ooooo
21
rkqdk;rrsm;
1 wd 5;1-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD;(5)\ yxrydkif;wGiftoif;awmf&Sd rkqdk;rrsm;ESihf qufEG,faom
jyóemrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfhenf;vrf;tcsdKUudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;ay;xm;onf/ odkYaomfþtaMumif;t&mudktao;pdwfrajymMum;rD
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü &Sdtyfaom&if;ESD;qufEG,frIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom
tMuHjyKcsuftcsdKUudk&Sifaygvku OD;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/
þtaMumif;t&mudk&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; toufBuD;aomoludk
zcifwpfOD;uJhodkYrSwf,lí wdk;vQdKawmif;yef&if;tm;ay;zdkYwdarmaoudkwdkufwGef;
xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; toufBuD;aomolwpfOD;u trSm;jyKrd
vsifxdkoludkpdefac: wdkufwGef;qHk;rjcif;rjyKvkyfzdkYajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ xkdodkY
jyKvkyfzdkY&SdvmvQif touft&G,fudkav;pm;aomtm;jzihf jyKrlqHk;rzdkYajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ wdarmaoonftoufBuD;aomolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\toufwmü
tawGUtMuHKrsm;pGmudk&&Sdxm;oljzpfMuaMumif;udk todtrSwfjyKvsuf pdwfESvHk;
ESdrfhcsjcif;ESihftwl olwdkYudkudkifwG,f&rnfjzpfonf/ olonftoufBuD;aom
olwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\ touft&G,fESihfxdkufwefaom ½dkaoav;pm;rIudkjyo&
rnfjzpfonf/
toufBuD;aomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; olwdkY\touft&G,ft&
tvm;wlqufqHjyKrl&rnfjzpfonf/ olwdkYudkudktoif;awmfxJüav;pm;xdkuf
aomolrsm;tjzpfae&may;&rnf/ wdarmaoonf olwdkYudktvsifwapmrqHk;r
zdkYjzpfonf/ touft&G,f&aeNyDjzpfaomrdcifudk om;jzpfolujyKrlqufqH
ouJhodkY wdarmaoonfvnf; toif;awmf&SdtoufBuD;aomtrsdK;orD;udk
qufqH&rnfjzpfonf/
vlysdKvl&G,fwdkYudkvnf; nDtpfudkuJhodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnf/ nDtpfudkrsm;
onftcsif;csif;½dkif;yif;ulnDMuonf/ cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;Muonf/ axmufyHh
az;ray;Muonf/ uG,fumay;Muonf/ rnfodkYaomtajctaersdK;wGifrqdk
uREfkyfwdkY\nDtpfudkjzpfolonf uREfkyfwdkY\pum;udkem;axmifí uREkfyfwdkYESihf&if
abmifwef;vsufrm;rm;&yfwnfay;onf/ nDtpfudkrsm;tMum;üvG,fvG,fESihf
csdK;zsufjzwfawmufír&Ekdifaom oHa,mZOfcsnfaESmifrIwpfck&Sdonf/
rdef;rysdKrsm;udkvnf; ESruJhodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnf/ rdrd\ESrjzpfoludkMurf;
wrf;pGmqufqHíESdyfpufzdkYrnfolursm;MuHpnfygrnfenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\ESrrsm;
udkuREfkyfwdkYuG,fumay;Muygonf/ olwdkYtwGuf a&SUwef;urm;rm;&yfwnfay;
Muonf/ olwdkYudkt&Suf&atmifuREfkyfwdkYrvkyfMuyg/ wpfjcm;olrsm;uolwdkYudk
t&SufcGJaomtcgwGif uREfkyfwdkYjyif;jyif;xefxefwkefYjyefMuonf/
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü&Sd&rnfh &if;ESD;qufEG,frIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;
aomtxufygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udkay;NyD;aemuf &Sifaygvkonfrkqdk;rrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;aomvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udkajymMum;cJhonf/ ueOD;toif;awmf&Sdrkqdk;r
rsm;\jyóemrSmta&;ygaom jyóemwpfckjzpfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf þ
rkqdk;rrsm;üh4if;wdkYESihf4if;wdkY\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;udk Munfh&Iapmifha&Smuf rnfol
r&SdchJyg/ rdompkonfolwdkY\wpfckwnf;aomaiG&vrf;jzpfonf/ cifyGef;onf
jzpfolutvkyfxGufvkyfí ZeD;onfjzpfoluaetdrfü usef&pf&aom
avmuBuD;wGif þrkqdk;rrsm;üvdktyfcsufrsm; BuD;BuD;rm;rm;&SdaecJhMuonf/
txl;ojzihfolwdkYü*½kpdkuf apmifha&Smufp&muav;i,frsm;&SdaevQif ydkqdk;onf/
« 218 »
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ooooo
21
rkqdk;rrsm;
1 wd 5;1-16 udk zwf½Iyg/
tcef;BuD;(5)\ yxrydkif;wGiftoif;awmf&Sd rkqdk;rrsm;ESihf qufEG,faom
jyóemrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfhenf;vrf;tcsdKUudk &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;ay;xm;onf/ odkYaomfþtaMumif;t&mudktao;pdwfrajymMum;rD
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü &Sdtyfaom&if;ESD;qufEG,frIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom
tMuHjyKcsuftcsdKUudk&Sifaygvku OD;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/
þtaMumif;t&mudk&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; toufBuD;aomoludk
zcifwpfOD;uJhodkYrSwf,lí wdk;vQdKawmif;yef&if;tm;ay;zdkYwdarmaoudkwdkufwGef;
xm;onf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; toufBuD;aomolwpfOD;u trSm;jyKrd
vsifxdkoludkpdefac: wdkufwGef;qHk;rjcif;rjyKvkyfzdkYajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ xkdodkY
jyKvkyfzdkY&SdvmvQif touft&G,fudkav;pm;aomtm;jzihf jyKrlqHk;rzdkYajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ wdarmaoonftoufBuD;aomolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY\toufwmü
tawGUtMuHKrsm;pGmudk&&Sdxm;oljzpfMuaMumif;udk todtrSwfjyKvsuf pdwfESvHk;
ESdrfhcsjcif;ESihftwl olwdkYudkudkifwG,f&rnfjzpfonf/ olonftoufBuD;aom
olwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\ touft&G,fESihfxdkufwefaom ½dkaoav;pm;rIudkjyo&
rnfjzpfonf/
toufBuD;aomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; olwdkY\touft&G,ft&
tvm;wlqufqHjyKrl&rnfjzpfonf/ olwdkYudkudktoif;awmfxJüav;pm;xdkuf
aomolrsm;tjzpfae&may;&rnf/ wdarmaoonf olwdkYudktvsifwapmrqHk;r
zdkYjzpfonf/ touft&G,f&aeNyDjzpfaomrdcifudk om;jzpfolujyKrlqufqH
ouJhodkY wdarmaoonfvnf; toif;awmf&SdtoufBuD;aomtrsdK;orD;udk
qufqH&rnfjzpfonf/
vlysdKvl&G,fwdkYudkvnf; nDtpfudkuJhodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnf/ nDtpfudkrsm;
onftcsif;csif;½dkif;yif;ulnDMuonf/ cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;Muonf/ axmufyHh
az;ray;Muonf/ uG,fumay;Muonf/ rnfodkYaomtajctaersdK;wGifrqdk
uREfkyfwdkY\nDtpfudkjzpfolonf uREfkyfwdkY\pum;udkem;axmifí uREkfyfwdkYESihf&if
abmifwef;vsufrm;rm;&yfwnfay;onf/ nDtpfudkrsm;tMum;üvG,fvG,fESihf
csdK;zsufjzwfawmufír&Ekdifaom oHa,mZOfcsnfaESmifrIwpfck&Sdonf/
rdef;rysdKrsm;udkvnf; ESruJhodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnf/ rdrd\ESrjzpfoludkMurf;
wrf;pGmqufqHíESdyfpufzdkYrnfolursm;MuHpnfygrnfenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\ESrrsm;
udkuREfkyfwdkYuG,fumay;Muygonf/ olwdkYtwGuf a&SUwef;urm;rm;&yfwnfay;
Muonf/ olwdkYudkt&Suf&atmifuREfkyfwdkYrvkyfMuyg/ wpfjcm;olrsm;uolwdkYudk
t&SufcGJaomtcgwGif uREfkyfwdkYjyif;jyif;xefxefwkefYjyefMuonf/
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfü&Sd&rnfh &if;ESD;qufEG,frIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;
aomtxufygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udkay;NyD;aemuf &Sifaygvkonfrkqdk;rrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;aomvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udkajymMum;cJhonf/ ueOD;toif;awmf&Sdrkqdk;r
rsm;\jyóemrSmta&;ygaom jyóemwpfckjzpfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf þ
rkqdk;rrsm;üh4if;wdkYESihf4if;wdkY\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;udk Munfh&Iapmifha&Smuf rnfol
r&SdchJyg/ rdompkonfolwdkY\wpfckwnf;aomaiG&vrf;jzpfonf/ cifyGef;onf
jzpfolutvkyfxGufvkyfí ZeD;onfjzpfoluaetdrfü usef&pf&aom
avmuBuD;wGif þrkqdk;rrsm;üvdktyfcsufrsm; BuD;BuD;rm;rm;&SdaecJhMuonf/
txl;ojzihfolwdkYü*½kpdkuf apmifha&Smufp&muav;i,frsm;&SdaevQif ydkqdk;onf/
« 218 »
ouf
ooooo
{zuftoif;awmfonf rkqdk;rrsm;\xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK
íolwdkYudkaxmufyHhaz;rzdkYwwfEkdiforQudk vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ þodkYaomvkyf
&yfrsdK;udkqufvufvkyfaqmifMuzdkY &SifaygvkuolwdkYudkcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;cJh
onf/ toif;awmf\wm0ef0wå&m;rSm owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudka[majym
a0iSzdkYomr[kwf? udk,fcE¨mawmf\ vufawGUvdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;
aqmif&GufzdkYvnf;jzpfonf [laomtcsufudkod&Sdxm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/
ocifa,½Ionf r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf&SdaeaomolwdkYudktxl;*½k
pdkufay;cJhonf/ ol\wynfhaemufvdkufrsm;udk þyHkOyrmtwkdif;usihfMuHvdkuf
avQmufMuzdkYarQmfvihfxm;cJhonf/
þtydkif;\usef&Sdaeaomtydkif;wGif&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;rkqdk;rsm;
udkulnDapmifhrjcif;trIü toif;awmftaejzihf vdkufavQmufusihfoHk;&rnfhvrf;
ñTefcsufrsm;udkay;tyfxm;onf/
om;ajr;&Sdaomrkqdk;rjzpfvQif (i,f 4)
rkqdk;rjzpfolüom;orD;(odkY)ajr;jrpfrsm;&SdvQif xdkolwdkYonf olwdkY\rdcif
BuD;udkjyKpkapmifha&SmufMuzdkY wdarmaotm;ajymqdkjcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;
onf/ om;orD;rsm;onfrdcifjzpfol jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;cJhaomESpfumvrsm;udk
owd&í olr\vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;ay;jcif;jzihf jyefvnfapmifha&SmufjyKpk
ay;&rnf/ þae&mürdcifjzpfol\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;Ekdifavmufatmif
om;orD;rsm;rSmt&G,fa&mufaeaomolrsm;jzpfonf[k rSwf,lxm;[ef&Sdonf/
om;orD;rsm;onf rdbrsm;\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;MuzdkYbk&m;ocif
tvdk&Sdonf/ rdkqdk;rwpfOD;ü olrudkapmifha&SmufEkdifavmufatmif om;orD;&SdcJhvQif
toif;awmfonfolrtwGufESihf 0efxkwf0efydk;rjzpfoihfyg/
rkqdk;rESpfrsdK; (i,f 5-6)
rkqdk;rrsm;rSmwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;rwlMuyg/ tcsdKUrkqdk;rrsm;onf bk&m;
ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;MuNyD; tcsdKUrSmbk&m;ocifESihf oufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü
aovsuf&SdaeMuonf/ rkqdk;rrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&müudk,fhudkukd,fxdef;odrf;rI&Sd
r&Sdtoif;awmftaejzihfpHkprf;ppfaq;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjyae[ef
&Sdonf/ olronfumr*kPfpnf;pdrfESihfavmuDt&mwdkYü aysmfarGUaeaomolvm;
(odkY)bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;í bk&m;ociftwGuf touf&Sifygovm;/
ocifbk&m;udktvdkr&Sdaomrkqdk;rrsm;ESihf ulnDay;urf;vdkufaomt&mrsm;
tm;vHk;udk 'kp½dkuftrIvGefusL;&mü oHk;jzKef;ypfrnfhrkqdk;rrsm;tm; ulnDapmifh
a&SmufzdkYudktoif;awmftaejzihf 0efxkyfBuD;wpfcktjzpfxrf;rxm;oihfyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;taejzihf þavmuDpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;twGuf
&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;onftvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;aMumif; owday;zdkY&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf(i,f 7)/ þaxmifacsmufxJodkYrusapzdkY wdarmao
onfolwdkYudkoGefoifvrf;ñTefay;&ygvdrfhrnf/ axmifacsmufqifxm;&mvrf;odkY
rvdkufbJ? bk&m;ocifxHü[pfa<u;vsuf udk,fawmf&Sif\tMuHpnfcsufrsm;udk&Sm
MuHMu&rnf/
rdom;pkrsm;twGufqHk;rpum;wpfcGef; (i,f 8)
rkqdk;rrdom;pkrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkuowday;pum;wpfcGef;udk
« 220 »« 219 »
ouf
ooooo
{zuftoif;awmfonf rkqdk;rrsm;\xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK
íolwdkYudkaxmufyHhaz;rzdkYwwfEkdiforQudk vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ þodkYaomvkyf
&yfrsdK;udkqufvufvkyfaqmifMuzdkY &SifaygvkuolwdkYudkcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;cJh
onf/ toif;awmf\wm0ef0wå&m;rSm owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudka[majym
a0iSzdkYomr[kwf? udk,fcE¨mawmf\ vufawGUvdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;
aqmif&GufzdkYvnf;jzpfonf [laomtcsufudkod&Sdxm;&efrSm ta&;BuD;onf/
ocifa,½Ionf r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf&SdaeaomolwdkYudktxl;*½k
pdkufay;cJhonf/ ol\wynfhaemufvdkufrsm;udk þyHkOyrmtwkdif;usihfMuHvdkuf
avQmufMuzdkYarQmfvihfxm;cJhonf/
þtydkif;\usef&Sdaeaomtydkif;wGif&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;rkqdk;rsm;
udkulnDapmifhrjcif;trIü toif;awmftaejzihf vdkufavQmufusihfoHk;&rnfhvrf;
ñTefcsufrsm;udkay;tyfxm;onf/
om;ajr;&Sdaomrkqdk;rjzpfvQif (i,f 4)
rkqdk;rjzpfolüom;orD;(odkY)ajr;jrpfrsm;&SdvQif xdkolwdkYonf olwdkY\rdcif
BuD;udkjyKpkapmifha&SmufMuzdkY wdarmaotm;ajymqdkjcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;
onf/ om;orD;rsm;onfrdcifjzpfol jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;cJhaomESpfumvrsm;udk
owd&í olr\vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;ay;jcif;jzihf jyefvnfapmifha&SmufjyKpk
ay;&rnf/ þae&mürdcifjzpfol\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;Ekdifavmufatmif
om;orD;rsm;rSmt&G,fa&mufaeaomolrsm;jzpfonf[k rSwf,lxm;[ef&Sdonf/
om;orD;rsm;onf rdbrsm;\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;MuzdkYbk&m;ocif
tvdk&Sdonf/ rdkqdk;rwpfOD;ü olrudkapmifha&SmufEkdifavmufatmif om;orD;&SdcJhvQif
toif;awmfonfolrtwGufESihf 0efxkwf0efydk;rjzpfoihfyg/
rkqdk;rESpfrsdK; (i,f 5-6)
rkqdk;rrsm;rSmwpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;rwlMuyg/ tcsdKUrkqdk;rrsm;onf bk&m;
ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;MuNyD; tcsdKUrSmbk&m;ocifESihf oufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü
aovsuf&SdaeMuonf/ rkqdk;rrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&müudk,fhudkukd,fxdef;odrf;rI&Sd
r&Sdtoif;awmftaejzihfpHkprf;ppfaq;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjyae[ef
&Sdonf/ olronfumr*kPfpnf;pdrfESihfavmuDt&mwdkYü aysmfarGUaeaomolvm;
(odkY)bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfudk;pm;í bk&m;ociftwGuf touf&Sifygovm;/
ocifbk&m;udktvdkr&Sdaomrkqdk;rrsm;ESihf ulnDay;urf;vdkufaomt&mrsm;
tm;vHk;udk 'kp½dkuftrIvGefusL;&mü oHk;jzKef;ypfrnfhrkqdk;rrsm;tm; ulnDapmifh
a&SmufzdkYudktoif;awmftaejzihf 0efxkyfBuD;wpfcktjzpfxrf;rxm;oihfyg/
{zuftoif;om;rsm;taejzihf þavmuDpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;twGuf
&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;onftvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;aMumif; owday;zdkY&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf(i,f 7)/ þaxmifacsmufxJodkYrusapzdkY wdarmao
onfolwdkYudkoGefoifvrf;ñTefay;&ygvdrfhrnf/ axmifacsmufqifxm;&mvrf;odkY
rvdkufbJ? bk&m;ocifxHü[pfa<u;vsuf udk,fawmf&Sif\tMuHpnfcsufrsm;udk&Sm
MuHMu&rnf/
rdom;pkrsm;twGufqHk;rpum;wpfcGef; (i,f 8)
rkqdk;rrdom;pkrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sifaygvkuowday;pum;wpfcGef;udk
« 220 »« 219 »
ouf
ooooo
ajymcJhonf/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkYaqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;? txl;ojzihf
rdom;pkt&if;tcsmrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk raxmufyHhay;MuvQifolwdkYonf
,HkMunfjcif;udkjiif;y,faeMuaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymxm;onf/ olwdkYonfbk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkqefYusifykefuefaeMuNyD; r,HkMunfolrsm; xufyifydkí
,kwfrmí todOmPfrJhaeMuonf/ r,HkMunfolrsm;yifvQif rdrdwdkY\ rdom;pkrsm;
udk rnfodkYjyKpkapmifha&Smufí axmufyHhay;urf;&rnfudkem;vnfMuonf/
rdrdwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;udk*½krpdkufaom ,HkMunfolrsm;udktoif;awmf taejzihf
udkifwG,fqHk;r&ayrnf/ þrdom;pkrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudkqefYusifykefuef
aeMuaomaMumifh pnf;urf;jzihfMuyfrwfay;zdkYvdktyfonf/
toufajcmufq,fausmfaomrdkqdk;rrsm; (i,f 9)
tcef;i,f(9)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rdrdwdkY\toufwmü
t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk rjyoEdkifvQiftoufajcmufq,fausmft&G,f
rkqdk;rrsm;udk rkqdk;rpm&if;ürxnfhoGif;zdkYvrf;ñTefxm;cJhonf/ yxrt&nf
tcsif;rSm olronfcifyGef;onf tay:üopöm&SdcJhaomoljzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olr\aumif;rI ukodkvfrsm;? oem;Muifemwwfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;wdkYü
twk,lav;pm;xdkufaomoljzpf&ayrnf/ olr\om;orD;rsm;udk opöm&Sd&Sdjzihf
jyKpkysdK;axmifay;cJhaomoljzpf&ayrnf/ olronf{nfh0wfausaomoljzpfí
oefY&Sif;olwdkY\ajcudkaq;aomoljzpf&rnf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif olronf
pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsí tapcHtoufwmudkydkifqkdifxm;&ayrnf/ rdrd\teD;tyg;
&Sd'ku©a&mufaeaomolwdkYudk ulnDrpwwfaomoljzpf&rnf/ þodkYaomt&nf
tcsif;aumif;rsm;udkjyoEkdifrSomvQif toufajcmufq,fausmft&G,frkqdk;r
rsm;onf toif;awmf\axmufyHhulnDrIESihf xdkufwefygonf/
touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm; (i,f 11)
rkqdk;rwpfOD;onftouft&G,ftm;jzihf ajcmufq,fatmufjzpfvQif
toif;awmfrSaxmufyHh&rnfhtrnfpm&if;wGif rxnfhoGif;zdkY&Sifaygvkuajym
xm;onf/ taMumif;rSmolwdkYonf aemufxyfwpfzeftdrfaxmifjyKcsifpdwfrsm;
ay:vmNyD; tdrfaxmifxyfjyKEkdifMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tu,fíþrkqdk;rrsm;
tdrfaxmifxyfjyKcJhMuvQif ocifbk&m;xHüjyKcJhaomopömw&m;udk vspfvsL½I
MuaomaMumifh t&if&SdcJhaomopömw&m;udkcsdK;zsufonfh oabmaMumifhtjypf
oihfjcif;okdYa&mufMurnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk uwdarmaoudkajymjyxm;onf/
þodkYajymqdk&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf rnfonfht&mudkqkdvdkygoenf;/
&Sifaygvku wpfyifvJíwpfyifxlonfhtaejzihf aemuftdrfaxmifjyK
jcif;onf rSm;,Gif;aomt&mjzpfonf[krajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ a&mr 7;2-
3 wGif cifyGef;onfqHk;yg;oGm;aom trsdK;orD;wpfOD;onf aemuftdrfaxmifudk
xlaxmifEkdifaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&;om;xm;onfrSm-
]]Oyrmum;? vif&Sdaomrdef;ronf vifraorDwkdifatmif ynwfw&m;
tm;jzihfvifücsnfaESmifvsuf&Sd\/ vifaovQifrlum;? vif0wf
ESihfvGwf\/ xdkYaMumifhrdrdvifraorD tjcm;aomol\r,m;jzpfvQif
arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[kac:qdkxdkuf\/ vifaovQifrlum;? xdkw&m;
ESihfvGwfonfjzpfí tjcm;aomol\r,m;jzpfaomfvnf;? arsmufrxm;
aomrdef;r[kac:p&mtaMumif;r&Sd/}}
« 222 »« 221 »
ouf
ooooo
ajymcJhonf/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkYaqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;? txl;ojzihf
rdom;pkt&if;tcsmrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk raxmufyHhay;MuvQifolwdkYonf
,HkMunfjcif;udkjiif;y,faeMuaMumif; &Sifaygvkuajymxm;onf/ olwdkYonfbk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkqefYusifykefuefaeMuNyD; r,HkMunfolrsm; xufyifydkí
,kwfrmí todOmPfrJhaeMuonf/ r,HkMunfolrsm;yifvQif rdrdwdkY\ rdom;pkrsm;
udk rnfodkYjyKpkapmifha&Smufí axmufyHhay;urf;&rnfudkem;vnfMuonf/
rdrdwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;udk*½krpdkufaom ,HkMunfolrsm;udktoif;awmf taejzihf
udkifwG,fqHk;r&ayrnf/ þrdom;pkrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudkqefYusifykefuef
aeMuaomaMumifh pnf;urf;jzihfMuyfrwfay;zdkYvdktyfonf/
toufajcmufq,fausmfaomrdkqdk;rrsm; (i,f 9)
tcef;i,f(9)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rdrdwdkY\toufwmü
t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk rjyoEdkifvQiftoufajcmufq,fausmft&G,f
rkqdk;rrsm;udk rkqdk;rpm&if;ürxnfhoGif;zdkYvrf;ñTefxm;cJhonf/ yxrt&nf
tcsif;rSm olronfcifyGef;onf tay:üopöm&SdcJhaomoljzpf&rnfjzpfonf/
olr\aumif;rI ukodkvfrsm;? oem;Muifemwwfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;wdkYü
twk,lav;pm;xdkufaomoljzpf&ayrnf/ olr\om;orD;rsm;udk opöm&Sd&Sdjzihf
jyKpkysdK;axmifay;cJhaomoljzpf&ayrnf/ olronf{nfh0wfausaomoljzpfí
oefY&Sif;olwdkY\ajcudkaq;aomoljzpf&rnf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif olronf
pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsí tapcHtoufwmudkydkifqkdifxm;&ayrnf/ rdrd\teD;tyg;
&Sd'ku©a&mufaeaomolwdkYudk ulnDrpwwfaomoljzpf&rnf/ þodkYaomt&nf
tcsif;aumif;rsm;udkjyoEkdifrSomvQif toufajcmufq,fausmft&G,frkqdk;r
rsm;onf toif;awmf\axmufyHhulnDrIESihf xdkufwefygonf/
touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm; (i,f 11)
rkqdk;rwpfOD;onftouft&G,ftm;jzihf ajcmufq,fatmufjzpfvQif
toif;awmfrSaxmufyHh&rnfhtrnfpm&if;wGif rxnfhoGif;zdkY&Sifaygvkuajym
xm;onf/ taMumif;rSmolwdkYonf aemufxyfwpfzeftdrfaxmifjyKcsifpdwfrsm;
ay:vmNyD; tdrfaxmifxyfjyKEkdifMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tu,fíþrkqdk;rrsm;
tdrfaxmifxyfjyKcJhMuvQif ocifbk&m;xHüjyKcJhaomopömw&m;udk vspfvsL½I
MuaomaMumifh t&if&SdcJhaomopömw&m;udkcsdK;zsufonfh oabmaMumifhtjypf
oihfjcif;okdYa&mufMurnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk uwdarmaoudkajymjyxm;onf/
þodkYajymqdk&mwGif &Sifaygvkonf rnfonfht&mudkqkdvdkygoenf;/
&Sifaygvku wpfyifvJíwpfyifxlonfhtaejzihf aemuftdrfaxmifjyK
jcif;onf rSm;,Gif;aomt&mjzpfonf[krajymqdkaejcif;r[kwfyg/ a&mr 7;2-
3 wGif cifyGef;onfqHk;yg;oGm;aom trsdK;orD;wpfOD;onf aemuftdrfaxmifudk
xlaxmifEkdifaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&;om;xm;onfrSm-
]]Oyrmum;? vif&Sdaomrdef;ronf vifraorDwkdifatmif ynwfw&m;
tm;jzihfvifücsnfaESmifvsuf&Sd\/ vifaovQifrlum;? vif0wf
ESihfvGwf\/ xdkYaMumifhrdrdvifraorD tjcm;aomol\r,m;jzpfvQif
arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[kac:qdkxdkuf\/ vifaovQifrlum;? xdkw&m;
ESihfvGwfonfjzpfí tjcm;aomol\r,m;jzpfaomfvnf;? arsmufrxm;
aomrdef;r[kac:p&mtaMumif;r&Sd/}}
« 222 »« 221 »
ouf
ooooo
þae&mü uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyfonfhtcsufrSm toif;awmf\
taxmuftyHhü rSDwif;aeMuaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;onf toif;awmfudkenf;vrf;
trsdK;rsdK;jzihftvkyftauR;jyKaeMuygonf/ toif;awmf\udk,fpm; aumif;rI
ukodkvftrsdK;rsdK;udkvkyfaqmifMuygonf/ xdktwGufaMumifhyifolwdkYonf todkif;
t0ef;? ywf0ef;usifüemrnfaumif;&SdMu&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkutjyif;
txefawmif;qdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYaexkdif&m ywf0ef;usifü
toif;awmfudk udk,fpm;jyKaeMuaomaMumifh olwdkYonftoif;awmf\
taxmuftyHhudkr&&SdrD toufwmüaz:jyyg t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk jyoMu
&rnfh taMumif;&Sifaygvkujy|mef;xm;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\þa&;om;csufonf
oif;tkyf? oif;axmuf? toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;\t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;
ía&;om;csufESihftwlwlyifjzpfonf/ rkqdk;rrsm;onf oif;tkyf? oif;axmuf?
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;uJhodkYyif xdkacwfumv&Sdtoif;awmfü ta&;ygaom
tcef;u@wpfckudk xrf;aqmifaecJhMuaomaMumifh &Sifaygvkurkqdk;rrsm;
taMumif;udk þodkYajymxm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
þodkYjzihftoif;awmf\wpfaxmifhwpfae&mrS trIawmfudkxrf;&Gufae
Muaomrkqdk;rrsm;onf aemuftdrfaxmifjyKvdkMuvQif toif;awmfüocif
bk&m;\trIawmftwGuf jyKvkyfcJhMuaomolwdkY\ qufuyftyfESHrIudkausm
ckdif;&musonf [k&Sifaygvkuajymxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonftoif;awmf\
þuJhodkYaom trIawmftwGufqufuyftyfESHcJhMuaomfvnf; ,ckwGifrlolwdkY\
udk,fum,qE´awmif;wrIaMumifh xdktrIawmfudkpGefYypfzdkYpHkprf;jcif;udkcHMu&onf/
rkqdk;rrsm;jyefvnftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvküjyóemr&SdcJhyg/
odkYaomfusrf;pm\ usrf;abmiftaetxm;t& &Sifaygvkuaemuftdrfaxmif
rjyKyJ c&pfawmfüudk,fhudkudk,fqufuyfESHíocifbk&m;\ trIawmfudktcsdefjynfh
xrf;aqmifrnfhrkqdk;rrsm;udktvdk&SdcJh[ef&Sdonf/
þtaMumif;aMumifh&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; toufajcmufq,f
ausmfrkqdk;rrsm;taejzihf toif;awmf\tcsdefjynfhtrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf udk,fhudk
udk,fqufuyftyfESHMuzdkYajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;
taejzihf rdrdwdkYrapmifhpnf;Edkifrnfh uwdu0wfudkrjyKMuzdkYajymxm;onf/ ocif
bk&m;txHüjyKxm;aom uwdu0wfudkcsdK;zsufonfxuf aemuftdrfaxmifjyK
jcif;onf olwdkYtwGufomíaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/
touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;tzdkY aemuftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rSm
taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvk,lq&onfh aemufxyftaMumif;t&if;wpfck
&Sdao;onf/ olwdkYonftouft&G,ftm;jzihf EkysdKaeMuaomaMumifh oefwkef;rm
wkef;&SdaeMuonf/ þrkqdk;rri,frsm;twGuf pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSmtvkyf
r&Sdtudkifr&Sdtajctaeü wpftdrfwufwpftdrfqif; twif;tzsif;ajymí
udk,fESihfrqkdifaomtrIü a&maESm0ifpGufwwfjcif;yifjzpfonf/xdkacwfumv
\xHk;"HtpOftvmt& trsdK;orD;rsm;onf trsdK;om;rsm;uJhodkY tvkyfvGwfvGwf
vyfvyfvkyfcGihfr&SdcJhMuyg/ tvkyftudkifr&Sd? cifyGef;onfvnf;r&Sdonfhtajc
taewGif tcsnf;ESD;tcsdefjzKef;aejcif;onf olwdkYtwGufBuD;rm;aompHkprf;jcif;
jzpfaeonf/ þodkYaomtajctaeonf toif;awmfESihfywf0ef;usiftwGuf
trsdK;rsdK;aomjyóemrsm;udkay:aygufapEkdifonf/
&Sifaygvkonf touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;tm; udk,fydkifrdom;pk
udkwnfaxmifí xdkrdom;pktdrfaxmifjyKpkudkysdK;axmif&ef udk,fhudkudk,fqufuyf
jr§KyfESHzdkYtMuHjyKxm;cJhonf/ xkdodkYjyKvkyfjcif; onf &efoltwGufpHkprf;aESmifh,SufzdkY
« 224 »« 223 »
ouf
ooooo
þae&mü uREfkyfwdkYem;vnfxm;zdkYvdktyfonfhtcsufrSm toif;awmf\
taxmuftyHhü rSDwif;aeMuaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;onf toif;awmfudkenf;vrf;
trsdK;rsdK;jzihftvkyftauR;jyKaeMuygonf/ toif;awmf\udk,fpm; aumif;rI
ukodkvftrsdK;rsdK;udkvkyfaqmifMuygonf/ xdktwGufaMumifhyifolwdkYonf todkif;
t0ef;? ywf0ef;usifüemrnfaumif;&SdMu&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkutjyif;
txefawmif;qdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYaexkdif&m ywf0ef;usifü
toif;awmfudk udk,fpm;jyKaeMuaomaMumifh olwdkYonftoif;awmf\
taxmuftyHhudkr&&SdrD toufwmüaz:jyyg t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk jyoMu
&rnfh taMumif;&Sifaygvkujy|mef;xm;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\þa&;om;csufonf
oif;tkyf? oif;axmuf? toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;\t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;
ía&;om;csufESihftwlwlyifjzpfonf/ rkqdk;rrsm;onf oif;tkyf? oif;axmuf?
toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;uJhodkYyif xdkacwfumv&Sdtoif;awmfü ta&;ygaom
tcef;u@wpfckudk xrf;aqmifaecJhMuaomaMumifh &Sifaygvkurkqdk;rrsm;
taMumif;udk þodkYajymxm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
þodkYjzihftoif;awmf\wpfaxmifhwpfae&mrS trIawmfudkxrf;&Gufae
Muaomrkqdk;rrsm;onf aemuftdrfaxmifjyKvdkMuvQif toif;awmfüocif
bk&m;\trIawmftwGuf jyKvkyfcJhMuaomolwdkY\ qufuyftyfESHrIudkausm
ckdif;&musonf [k&Sifaygvkuajymxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonftoif;awmf\
þuJhodkYaom trIawmftwGufqufuyftyfESHcJhMuaomfvnf; ,ckwGifrlolwdkY\
udk,fum,qE´awmif;wrIaMumifh xdktrIawmfudkpGefYypfzdkYpHkprf;jcif;udkcHMu&onf/
rkqdk;rrsm;jyefvnftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;ESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvküjyóemr&SdcJhyg/
odkYaomfusrf;pm\ usrf;abmiftaetxm;t& &Sifaygvkuaemuftdrfaxmif
rjyKyJ c&pfawmfüudk,fhudkudk,fqufuyfESHíocifbk&m;\ trIawmfudktcsdefjynfh
xrf;aqmifrnfhrkqdk;rrsm;udktvdk&SdcJh[ef&Sdonf/
þtaMumif;aMumifh&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; toufajcmufq,f
ausmfrkqdk;rrsm;taejzihf toif;awmf\tcsdefjynfhtrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf udk,fhudk
udk,fqufuyftyfESHMuzdkYajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;
taejzihf rdrdwdkYrapmifhpnf;Edkifrnfh uwdu0wfudkrjyKMuzdkYajymxm;onf/ ocif
bk&m;txHüjyKxm;aom uwdu0wfudkcsdK;zsufonfxuf aemuftdrfaxmifjyK
jcif;onf olwdkYtwGufomíaumif;ygvdrfhrnf/
touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;tzdkY aemuftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;rSm
taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvk,lq&onfh aemufxyftaMumif;t&if;wpfck
&Sdao;onf/ olwdkYonftouft&G,ftm;jzihf EkysdKaeMuaomaMumifh oefwkef;rm
wkef;&SdaeMuonf/ þrkqdk;rri,frsm;twGuf pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;rSmtvkyf
r&Sdtudkifr&Sdtajctaeü wpftdrfwufwpftdrfqif; twif;tzsif;ajymí
udk,fESihfrqkdifaomtrIü a&maESm0ifpGufwwfjcif;yifjzpfonf/xdkacwfumv
\xHk;"HtpOftvmt& trsdK;orD;rsm;onf trsdK;om;rsm;uJhodkY tvkyfvGwfvGwf
vyfvyfvkyfcGihfr&SdcJhMuyg/ tvkyftudkifr&Sd? cifyGef;onfvnf;r&Sdonfhtajc
taewGif tcsnf;ESD;tcsdefjzKef;aejcif;onf olwdkYtwGufBuD;rm;aompHkprf;jcif;
jzpfaeonf/ þodkYaomtajctaeonf toif;awmfESihfywf0ef;usiftwGuf
trsdK;rsdK;aomjyóemrsm;udkay:aygufapEkdifonf/
&Sifaygvkonf touft&G,fEkysdKaomrkqdk;rrsm;tm; udk,fydkifrdom;pk
udkwnfaxmifí xdkrdom;pktdrfaxmifjyKpkudkysdK;axmif&ef udk,fhudkudk,fqufuyf
jr§KyfESHzdkYtMuHjyKxm;cJhonf/ xkdodkYjyKvkyfjcif; onf &efoltwGufpHkprf;aESmifh,SufzdkY
« 224 »« 223 »
ouf
ooooo
tcGihfromjzpfvmayrnf/ tcsnf;ESD;tcsdef jzKef;jcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtoufwmü
&efol0ifvmzdkYyGihfaeaomwHcg;BuD;ozG,fjzpfonf/
þrkqdk;rrsm;xJrStcsdKUonf ocifbk&m;tay:üjyKcJhaom 4if;wdkY\
qufuyftyfESHrIudkausmckdif;cJhMuNyDjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;
tcef;i,f(15)wGifajymjyxm;onf/ olwdkYonf &efol\pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ü
us½HI;oGm;cJhMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh &Sifaygvku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\rdom;pkxJü
rkqdk;r&SdcJhvQif olrudkjyKpkapmifha&SmufzdkYcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ xdkodkYjyK
jcif;jzihf toif;awmftaeESihfolrtwGuf 0efxkyfo,faqmifp&mvdkawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toif;awmf\taxmuftyHhudkvufcHxm;aom rdkqdk;rrsm;ü az:jyyg
t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk &Sifaygvktb,faMumifhay;tyfjy|mef;cJh
oenf;/ xkdodkYqdkvQifr,Hk MunfolwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\aeYpOfvdktyfcsufrsm;udk
uREfkyfwdkY axmufyHhulnDay;p&mrvdk[k t"dyÜg,foufa&mufyg ovm;/
þusrf;ydk'fürnfuJhodkYaomrkqdk;rrsdK;udk &Sifaygvk&nfñTef;ajymMum;ae
ygoenf;/
ywf0ef;usiftokdif;t0dkif;ü vufawGUusaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzihf
trIawmfaqmifzdkYtoif;awmftaejzihf jyifqifvkyfaqmifzdkYvdkaMumif;
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,lMu&ygoenf;/
uREfkyfwdkY\udk,fydkifrdom;pkrsm;udk jyKpkapmifha&SmufzdkY tb,frQta&;
BuD;ygoenf;/ xdktcsif;t&mudkoifrnfodkY vkyfaqmifaecJhygoenf;/
tcsnf;ESD;tcsdefjzKef;wD;jcif;\ tEÅ&m,fum;tb,fenf;/
ocifbk&m;tm;ay;xm;aomuwdu0wfudk apmifhxdef;jcif;onf ta&;
ygaomt&mjzpfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
oifonfrkqdk;r (odkY) rkqdk;zdkwpfOD;jzpfygovm;/ oifh&JUtcsdefem&Dudkoif
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csufrsdK;udkaqmif,lvmay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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avQmufyg/
oifhywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;\vdktyfcsufudkodjrifvmEkdifzdkYoihfrsuf
vHk;rsm;udkzGihf[ay;rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoif;awmfü rkqdk;rrsm;&Sdygovm;/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;
zdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ xdkolwdkYudkrnfodkY ulnDyHhydk;ay;&rnfhtaMumif;
az:jyay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifonfrkqdk;rvm;? rkqdk;zdkvm;/ bk&m;ocifxHüydkí tapcHEkdifzdkYoihf
tcsdefem&Drsm;udk rnfodkYtoHk;jyK&rnfh taMumif;az:jyay;zdkYbk&m;ocif
udkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 226 »« 225 »
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tcef;i,f(15)wGifajymjyxm;onf/ olwdkYonf &efol\pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;ü
us½HI;oGm;cJhMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh &Sifaygvku ,HkMunfolwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\rdom;pkxJü
rkqdk;r&SdcJhvQif olrudkjyKpkapmifha&SmufzdkYcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ xdkodkYjyK
jcif;jzihf toif;awmftaeESihfolrtwGuf 0efxkyfo,faqmifp&mvdkawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/
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toif;awmf\taxmuftyHhudkvufcHxm;aom rdkqdk;rrsm;ü az:jyyg
t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;udk &Sifaygvktb,faMumifhay;tyfjy|mef;cJh
oenf;/ xkdodkYqdkvQifr,Hk MunfolwdkYtm;4if;wdkY\aeYpOfvdktyfcsufrsm;udk
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ygoenf;/
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trIawmfaqmifzdkYtoif;awmftaejzihf jyifqifvkyfaqmifzdkYvdkaMumif;
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,lMu&ygoenf;/
uREfkyfwdkY\udk,fydkifrdom;pkrsm;udk jyKpkapmifha&SmufzdkY tb,frQta&;
BuD;ygoenf;/ xdktcsif;t&mudkoifrnfodkY vkyfaqmifaecJhygoenf;/
tcsnf;ESD;tcsdefjzKef;wD;jcif;\ tEÅ&m,fum;tb,fenf;/
ocifbk&m;tm;ay;xm;aomuwdu0wfudk apmifhxdef;jcif;onf ta&;
ygaomt&mjzpfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
oifonfrkqdk;r (odkY) rkqdk;zdkwpfOD;jzpfygovm;/ oifh&JUtcsdefem&Dudkoif
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csufrsdK;udkaqmif,lvmay;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oihfrdom;pk&Sd vdktyfcsufrsm;udkxkwfaz:jyoay;zdkY ocifbk&m;udkawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifhywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;\vdktyfcsufudkodjrifvmEkdifzdkYoihfrsuf
vHk;rsm;udkzGihf[ay;rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoif;awmfü rkqdk;rrsm;&Sdygovm;/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;
zdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ xdkolwdkYudkrnfodkY ulnDyHhydk;ay;&rnfhtaMumif;
az:jyay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
oifonfrkqdk;rvm;? rkqdk;zdkvm;/ bk&m;ocifxHüydkí tapcHEkdifzdkYoihf
tcsdefem&Drsm;udk rnfodkYtoHk;jyK&rnfh taMumif;az:jyay;zdkYbk&m;ocif
udkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 226 »« 225 »
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22
oif;tkyfrsm;
1 wd 5;17-25 udk zwf½Iyg/
wdarmaotm;a&;om;ay;ydkYvkdufaompmapmifwGif &Sifaygvkonf
toif;awmf&Sdoif;tkyfrsm;taMumif;ukd tcsdef,líajymjyxm;onf/
&Sifaygvk\pdwffqE´rSm toif;awmfonfoif;tkyfrsm;ukd bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;
tjzpf ½kdaoav;pm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkü oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf; aom
vrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdU wdarmaoukday;&ef&Sdaeonf/ wdarmao\oGefoifrI
atmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;txHü þvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd vufqifhurf;ay;zkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wm0efay;xm;onf/
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toif;awmf\vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ukd aumif;aumif;rGefrGefpDrHñTef
Mum;cJhaomoif;tkyfrsm;onf tvSLESpfq(ESpfqaomav;pm;MunfndKrI)ukd
cHxkdufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf[k wdarmaotm;today;jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukd
&SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt& w&m;a[mjcif;? qkH;rMo0g'
ay;jcif;trIwkdYü BudK;BudK;pm;pm;yg0ifvIyf&Sm;Muolrsm;twGuf tvSLESpfqrSm
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]]tvSLESpfq}} [kqkd&mwGif&Sifaygvkonf rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdyg
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pyg;eif;e,faomEGm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom "r®a[mif;ynwfcsufukd &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;jyefvnfajymjyxm;onf/ EGm;ESifhpyg;ukdþenf;tm;jzihf
cGJxm;wwfMuonf/ okdYaomf w&m;a[m&m 25; 4 wGif pyg;eif;e,f&mütoHk;jyK
aomEGm;onf tvkyfvkyfpOfwGif pyg;ukdvGwfvGwfvyfvyfpm;aomufcGifh&Sdonf/
EGm;\EIwfukdrcsKyfwnf;&(okdY)eif;e,faeaompyg;ukd rpm;Ekdifatmifrwm;qD;
&[kynwfcsufwpfyg;tjzpfwdwdususazmfjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;tvkyfvkyfaomolonf rdrd\vkyftm;cukdcHxkdufayonf[kqkdxm;onf/
oif;tkyfjzpfolukd MunfndKav;pm;jcif;qkdonfrSm 4if;\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
ESifhywfoufí axmufyHhay;jcif;ESihfoufqkdifonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrdukd,f
ukdw&m;a[mjcif;ESifh qkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wkdYü qufuyfjr§KyfESHEkdifzkdYtvkdYiSm
toif;awmfonfolukd axmufyHhay;urf;&ayrnf/
pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onfhtcsufrSm &Sifaygvkukd,fwkdifuvkyftm;c
vpmukdr&,lcJhjcif;yifjzpfonf/ w&m;a[mjcif;ESifhqkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wkdYü
vkdtyfrnfhaiGaMu;ukdtvkyfvkyfjcif;jzihf ukd,fwkdif&SmazGcJhonf/ vlwkdif;urdrd
vkyfaqmifaiG&SmouJhodkY vkyfaqmifMuzkdY&Sifaygvkajymqkdrxm;yg/ w&m;a[m
jcif;? qkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;ü trIawmfxrf;&GufaomolwkdYtm; 4if;\vkyfaqmif
rIrsm;twGuf xkdufxkdufwefwefay;urf;axmufyhH&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ tcsKdUaomoGefoifay;olq&mrsm; (okdY) w&m;
a[mq&mrsm;onf&Sifaygvk\ykHOyrmukd twk,lvkdufavQmufMurnfjzpfaomf
vnf;toif;awmfonf4if;\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd ay;urf;axmufyHh
zkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd axmufyHh
ay;urf;jcif;jzihf toif;awmfonf4if;\acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:ü MunfndK
av;pm;rIukdjyo&rnfjzpfonf/
« 228 »
ouf
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22
oif;tkyfrsm;
1 wd 5;17-25 udk zwf½Iyg/
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toif;awmf&Sdoif;tkyfrsm;taMumif;ukd tcsdef,líajymjyxm;onf/
&Sifaygvk\pdwffqE´rSm toif;awmfonfoif;tkyfrsm;ukd bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;
tjzpf ½kdaoav;pm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkü oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf; aom
vrf;ñTefcsuftcsKdU wdarmaoukday;&ef&Sdaeonf/ wdarmao\oGefoifrI
atmufü&Sdaeaomolrsm;txHü þvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ukd vufqifhurf;ay;zkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wm0efay;xm;onf/
oif;tkyfwkdYonftvSLESpfqukdcHxkdufaomoljzpfonf
toif;awmf\vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ukd aumif;aumif;rGefrGefpDrHñTef
Mum;cJhaomoif;tkyfrsm;onf tvSLESpfq(ESpfqaomav;pm;MunfndKrI)ukd
cHxkdufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf[k wdarmaotm;today;jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukd
&SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\tqkdt& w&m;a[mjcif;? qkH;rMo0g'
ay;jcif;trIwkdYü BudK;BudK;pm;pm;yg0ifvIyf&Sm;Muolrsm;twGuf tvSLESpfqrSm
txl;oihfawmfaomt&myifjzpfonf/
]]tvSLESpfq}} [kqkd&mwGif&Sifaygvkonf rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdyg
oenf;/ tcef;i,f(18)utajzukd azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/ tcef;i,f(18)wGif
pyg;eif;e,faomEGm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom "r®a[mif;ynwfcsufukd &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;jyefvnfajymjyxm;onf/ EGm;ESifhpyg;ukdþenf;tm;jzihf
cGJxm;wwfMuonf/ okdYaomf w&m;a[m&m 25; 4 wGif pyg;eif;e,f&mütoHk;jyK
aomEGm;onf tvkyfvkyfpOfwGif pyg;ukdvGwfvGwfvyfvyfpm;aomufcGifh&Sdonf/
EGm;\EIwfukdrcsKyfwnf;&(okdY)eif;e,faeaompyg;ukd rpm;Ekdifatmifrwm;qD;
&[kynwfcsufwpfyg;tjzpfwdwdususazmfjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;tvkyfvkyfaomolonf rdrd\vkyftm;cukdcHxkdufayonf[kqkdxm;onf/
oif;tkyfjzpfolukd MunfndKav;pm;jcif;qkdonfrSm 4if;\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
ESifhywfoufí axmufyHhay;jcif;ESihfoufqkdifonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfolonf rdrdukd,f
ukdw&m;a[mjcif;ESifh qkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wkdYü qufuyfjr§KyfESHEkdifzkdYtvkdYiSm
toif;awmfonfolukd axmufyHhay;urf;&ayrnf/
pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;onfhtcsufrSm &Sifaygvkukd,fwkdifuvkyftm;c
vpmukdr&,lcJhjcif;yifjzpfonf/ w&m;a[mjcif;ESifhqkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;wkdYü
vkdtyfrnfhaiGaMu;ukdtvkyfvkyfjcif;jzihf ukd,fwkdif&SmazGcJhonf/ vlwkdif;urdrd
vkyfaqmifaiG&SmouJhodkY vkyfaqmifMuzkdY&Sifaygvkajymqkdrxm;yg/ w&m;a[m
jcif;? qkH;rMo0g'ay;jcif;ü trIawmfxrf;&GufaomolwkdYtm; 4if;\vkyfaqmif
rIrsm;twGuf xkdufxkdufwefwefay;urf;axmufyhH&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ tcsKdUaomoGefoifay;olq&mrsm; (okdY) w&m;
a[mq&mrsm;onf&Sifaygvk\ykHOyrmukd twk,lvkdufavQmufMurnfjzpfaomf
vnf;toif;awmfonf4if;\0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;ukd ay;urf;axmufyHh
zkdYvkdvkdvm;vm;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd axmufyHh
ay;urf;jcif;jzihf toif;awmfonf4if;\acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:ü MunfndK
av;pm;rIukdjyo&rnfjzpfonf/
« 228 »
ouf
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xm;aMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ oif;tkyftm;toif;awmf&Sdtjcm;olrsm;xuf ESpfq
aomtvSL(vc)ukday;&rnf[k &Sifaygvkuajymqkdrxm;yg/ olwkdYxrf;aqmif
aeaomtrIawmfonf tvGefta&;ygaomtrIawmfjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkajymjy
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apmihfa&Smufay;aeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ta&;ygvSaomolwkdY\trIawmf
aMumifholwkdYukdtxl;MunfndKav;pm;í *½kpkdufapmihfa&SmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/
omoemjyKoif;tkyfrsm;ESifh tjrJwap&SdaecJhaom toif;awmfwpfyg;
wGifvGefcJhaomESpftenf;i,fü uREkfyftrIawmfxrf;cJhonf/ wpfcgwGifor®musrf;
pmausmif;üoifwef;atmifjrifcJhaom 4if;EkdifiHom;,kHMunfolwpfOD;onfoif;
tkyftaejzihfZmwdNrdKUü trIawmfxrf;aqmif&efjyefvmzkdY bk&m;ocif\qifhac:
jcif;ukdcH&onf[kqkdvQuf toif;awmfokdYa&muf&Sdvmonf/ trIawmfaqmif&ef
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xkdyk*¾dKvf\vpmESifhywfoufí ay;urf;axmufyHhzkdYjiif;y,fcJhonf/ aemufqkH;wGif
xkdyk*¾dKvfonf toif;awmfukdpGefYcGmoGm;NyD; tjcm;toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyf
wpfckukdvkyfukdif&if;aexkdifoGm;cJhonf/ trSeftwkdif;qkd&vQif ocifbk&m;\
trIawmfü ]]aiG&Smol}}trIawmfaqmifrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap EIwfuywf
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axmufyHhay;zkdY ykdíxkdufwefaomtrIjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
ajymqkdxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; þenf;vrf;jzihf
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jzpfonf/
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acgif;aqmifrsm;onf yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefaomolrsm;r[kwfMuyg/
tjcm;olrsm;uJhokdYyifolwkdYonfvnf; trSm;usL;vGefEkdifouJhokdY tjypf'kp½kdufü
vnf;NydKvJEkdifMuygonf/ oif;tkyfjzpfoltaejzihf rdrdvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifhywf
oufíbk&m;ocifa&SUawmfarSmufü &Sif;vif;csufay;&rnfhtcsdef&Sdvmygrnf/
oif;tkyftm;jypfwifpGyfpGJxm;aompum;rsm;onf av;eufjyif;xefaomt&m
jzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/
oif;tkyftm;pGyfpGJjypfwifcsufrsm;ukd 4if;oif;tkyftxHürzGifhjyrDxkdpGyfpGJ
jypfwifcsufrsm;ukd rSefuefrI&Sd? r&Sd OD;pGmtwnfjyK&rnf/ xkdpGyfpGJjypfwifcsufukd
twnfjyKay;&ef oufaoESpfOD;(okdY)okH;OD;vkdtyfonf/ oif;tkyftm;pGyfpGJjypfwif
csufrsm;rSm;,Gif;cJhygu 4if;wkdYonfol\trIawmfvkyfief;ukd zsufqD;ypfEkdifMu
onf/ xkdokdYoGm;ykwfavvGifhajymqkdaeMuolrsm;ukdvnf; 4if;wkdY\vkyf&yftwGuf
wm0ef,lap&ygrnf/ toif;awmf\acgif;aqmifykdif;rsm;ukd pGyfpGJjypfwifajymqkd
&efrSmtvGefvG,fulaomt&mjzpfonf/ okdYaomf þvkyf&yfonfjyif;xefaom
aemufqufwGJqkd;usKd;rsm;ukday;Ekdifygonf/ tjypf'kp½kduf[laomt&mukdtoi;f
awmfxJür&Sd&avatmif uREkfyfwkdY*½kpkdufapmihfMunfhMuzkdYvkdaomfvnf; oif;tkyf
wpfyg;\*kPfodu©mESifh trIawmfvkyfief;ukduREkfyfwkdYrzsufqD;rDwGif uREkfyfwkdYajym
qkdrnfht&mrsm;tm; tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukdpdppfí OD;pGmtwnfjyK&
rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf&Sdoif;tkyfrsm;ukd tvsifwapmESifhrqif
rjcifpGyfpGJjypfwifrIYukdrjyKvkyfjcif;jzihf olwkdYtm;av;pm;MunfndKjcif;ukdjyo&rnf
jzpfonf/ tao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;tm; oGm;ykwfavvGifhajymqkdjcif;(okdY)pGyfpGJjypf
wifjcif;tm;jzihf oif;tkyfjzpfol\*kPfodu©mukd zsufqD;jcif;[laomtjypfrsKd;ukd
« 230 »« 229 »
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aeaomtrIawmfonf tvGefta&;ygaomtrIawmfjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvkajymjy
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apmihfa&Smufay;aeaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ta&;ygvSaomolwkdY\trIawmf
aMumifholwkdYukdtxl;MunfndKav;pm;í *½kpkdufapmihfa&SmufMu&rnfjzpfonf/
omoemjyKoif;tkyfrsm;ESifh tjrJwap&SdaecJhaom toif;awmfwpfyg;
wGifvGefcJhaomESpftenf;i,fü uREkfyftrIawmfxrf;cJhonf/ wpfcgwGifor®musrf;
pmausmif;üoifwef;atmifjrifcJhaom 4if;EkdifiHom;,kHMunfolwpfOD;onfoif;
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qkdrnfht&mrsm;tm; tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukdpdppfí OD;pGmtwnfjyK&
rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\toif;awmf&Sdoif;tkyfrsm;ukd tvsifwapmESifhrqif
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« 230 »« 229 »
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tm;jzihfjyocJholrsm;jzpfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/ vlwkdYtm;4if;wkdYESifhrxkdufwefaom
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aeMuygap wdarmaotaejzihf ukd,fhukdukd,fpifMu,fatmifxm;í rSefuefoifh
wifhonfht&mukdvkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGiftjcm;
olrsm;urdrdwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ü tay;t,loabmrsKd;ukdvkyfaqmifMuaomtcg
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« 232 »« 231 »
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tjypfudkusL;vGefcJhaomoif;tkyfukd vltaygif;wkdYa&SUrSmjypfwifíqkH;r&rnf/
oif;tkyfjzpfoltm;vltaygif;wkdYa&SUü jypfwifqkH;rjcif;onf toif;awmf\&yf
wnfcsufukdjywfjywfom;om;jyay;ygonf/ þtcsif;t&monf toif;awmf
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olukd½kd½kdaoaojzihf *kPfodu©m&SdpGmcspfjcif;arwåmüjyKrlqkH;r&rnf/ þvrf;ñTef
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csufjzihfjyKvkyfaomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; oif;tkyfukdcefY
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tm;jzihfjyocJholrsm;jzpfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/ vlwkdYtm;4if;wkdYESifhrxkdufwefaom
ae&mrsm;üuREkfyfwkdYcefYtyfEkdifMuonf/ oif;tkyfrsm;ukda&G;cs,f&mwGiftcsdef,lzkdY
vkdtyfonf/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;jzihf olwkdYonftoif;awmftwGufbk&m;ocifa&G;
cs,fxm;aomolrsm;[kwf? r[kwfukdtaotcsmodEkdifrnfjzpfonf/
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om;uJhokdYjzpfaomwdarmaotm; tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;&ef&Sdaeonf/ tcef;i,f
(22)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olwpfyg;\tjypf'kp½kduftrIü0ifrygjcif;
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aeMuygap wdarmaotaejzihf ukd,fhukdukd,fpifMu,fatmifxm;í rSefuefoifh
wifhonfht&mukdvkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGiftjcm;
olrsm;urdrdwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ü tay;t,loabmrsKd;ukdvkyfaqmifMuaomtcg
uREkfyfwkdYuvnf;ukd,fh,kHMunfrI tqifhtwef;ukdavsmhcsí &Ekdifonf[krSwf,lMu
onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfuREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mtqifhtwef;ukd
« 232 »« 231 »
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rSmxl;jcm;aomt&mjzpfonf/
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cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
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ay;yg/
« 234 »« 233 »
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cJhaMumif;ukd &SifaygvkawGYMuKHcJhzl;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wdarmao\tem
a0'emukdukpm;aysmufuif;apEkdifaMumif; &SifaygvküoHo,jzpfp&mr&SdcJhyg/
wpfcsdefwnf;wGif bk&m;ocifonf,kHMunfolwkdYtm; pdwfESvkH;ESdrfhcsvsufaeMuzkdY
ESifh,kHMunfjcif;ukdqufvufusifhMuHEkdifMuzkdY ]]ukd,füpl;aomql;}}ukday;awmfrlwwf
aMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkod&Sdxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkonf aq;0g;tokH;jyKjcif;ukdqefY
usifaomolr[kwfyg/ pyspf&nftenf;i,fukdokH;aqmifjcif;onf a&m*ga0'em
oufomzkdY bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fcJhaomenf;vrf;jzpfEkdifonf[k tMuHjyK&if;pyspf
&nfukdykHrSefaomufokH;rSD0Jay;zkdY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
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tm;today;jcif;jzihf &Sifaygvkued*kH;csKyfxm;onf(i,f 24)/ þtjypf'kp½kduf
rsm;rSmtvGefjrifomxif&Sm;aeaomaMumifh tvsiftjref'PfcwfpD&ifcH&rnf
jzpfonf/ tjcm;aomtjypf'kp½kdufrsm;rSm xif&Sm;odomjcif;r&Sdyg/ xkdokdYaom
tjypfrsm;onf vluG,f&müwdwfwqdwfusL;vGefaomtjypfrsm;jzpfNyD; vlwkdYu
owdrjyKrdMuyg/ þuJhokdYaomtjypfrsm;ukdrl vltoD;oD;? bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmf
arSmufürwfwyf&yfMuaomtcgwGif pD&ifcsufcsrnfjzpfonf/
okp½kdufukdjyKaomolonfvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ tcsKdUaomok
p½kdufvkyf&yfrsm;rSmxif&Sm;jrifomonf/ vlwkdif;uvnf; þt&mukdawGYjrifcHpm;
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aomaMumifh teD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;uyifrod&SdcJhMuyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;
wpfaeYwGifazmfxkwfcH&rnfjzpfouJhokdY uREkfyfwkdY\okp½kdufvkyf&yfrsm;rSmvnf;
tvm;wlazmfxkwfcHrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfarSmufwGif
&yfvsufopöm&Sd&SdtapcHcJhjcif;rsm;twGuf qkvmbfrsm;ukdvufcH&&SdMurnfjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdY\okp½kdufukdvnf; rarhyg/ þtwGuf
aMumifhuREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf opöm&SdMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ t&mtm;vkH;txif;om;azmf
xkwfcH&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonfh qkay;'Pfay;aeY&uf a&mufvmygvdhrfrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
oifhtoif;awmf&Sdoif;tkyfrsm; (okdY) 0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;onf
4if;wkdYESifhxkdufoifhonfh MunfndKav;pm;jcif;ukdcHMu&ygovm;/ &Sif;jy
ay;yg/
« 234 »« 233 »
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vkrnfokdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/
tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvk\t,ltqukduREkfyfwkdY
rnfokdYavhvmoif,l&ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocif\tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;wGif aq;0g;\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkay;? 'Pfay;w&m;pD&ifjcif;taMumif;ESifhywfoufí þusrf;ykd'fu
uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdYtcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/ &efol\wkdufckdufjcif;rS olwkdYukduG,fumay;zkdYbk&m;
ocifxHüawmif;avQmufay;yg/
rdrdwkdY\acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd omíav;av;eufeufMunfndKav;pm;
wwfjcif;ukdoifhtoif;awmftm;ay;oem;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfhtwkdif; oifh&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmif
rsm;utrIawmfukd xdxda&mufa&mufxrf;aqmifEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocif\
toufwmjyifqifay;jcif;ukd awmif;avQmufay;yg/
oifhtoufwmüuG,f0SufzkH;uG,faeonfhtjypfrsm;ukd csufcsif;ukdifwG,f
ajz&Sif;EkdifzkdY xkdtjypfrsm;ukdxkwfazmfjyoay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
23
aus;uRefrsm;
1 wd 6;1-2 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaomyxrpmapmiftm;
taMumif;t&mtcsKdUESifhpyfvsOf;aom tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ukday;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;
onf/ þed*kH;csKyfjcif;ukd c&pf,mefuRefrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom ta&;BuD;oGefoif
csuftcsKdUjzifhtpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\þoGefoifcsufonf,aeYacwfumv
&SduREkfyfwkdYESifhvnf; vufawGYususqufpyfrI&Sdaeonf/
&Sifaygvkonf aus;uRefrsm;ukd&nfñTef;í ajymqkdaeaomfvnf;uRef
pepfukdrltm;ray;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;&efta&;BuD;onf/ aus;uRef
a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfESifhtpDtpOfrsm;ukd qefY
usifaomvkyf&yfjzpfaMumif; 1 wd 1;9-10 wGif&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&;om;xm;
onfrSm-
ynwfw&m;ukdw&m;ojzihfusifhaomoltbkdYrxm;? rw&m;ojzihfusihf
aomol? em;raxmifaomol? bk&m;ukdrukd;uG,faomol? tjypfxif&Sm;
aomol? roefY&Sif;aomol? bk&m;w&m;ukdr½kdraojyKaomol? rdbukd
n§if;qJaomol? vlYtoufukdowfaomol? rw&m;aomarxkefürSD0J
aomol? a,mufsm;csif;arxkefukdjyKaomol?
vlukdckd;oGm;aomol
? rkom;
pum;ukdokH;aomol? r[kwfrrSefqJusdefqkdolrSpí pifMu,faomMo0g'
« 235 »
ouf
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toif;awmfESifhtokdif;t0ef;xJ&Sd 0dnmOfa&;&m acgif;aqmifrsm;
\tcef; u@rSmtb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
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vkrnfokdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/
tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvk\t,ltqukduREkfyfwkdY
rnfokdYavhvmoif,l&ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocif\tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;wGif aq;0g;\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkay;? 'Pfay;w&m;pD&ifjcif;taMumif;ESifhywfoufí þusrf;ykd'fu
uREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
oifh&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;zkdYtcsdef
tenf;i,f,lyg/ &efol\wkdufckdufjcif;rS olwkdYukduG,fumay;zkdYbk&m;
ocifxHüawmif;avQmufay;yg/
rdrdwkdY\acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd omíav;av;eufeufMunfndKav;pm;
wwfjcif;ukdoifhtoif;awmftm;ay;oem;zkdY bk&m;ocifxHüawmif;
avQmufyg/
bk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfhtwkdif; oifh&JU0dnmOfa&;&macgif;aqmif
rsm;utrIawmfukd xdxda&mufa&mufxrf;aqmifEkdifzkdY bk&m;ocif\
toufwmjyifqifay;jcif;ukd awmif;avQmufay;yg/
oifhtoufwmüuG,f0SufzkH;uG,faeonfhtjypfrsm;ukd csufcsif;ukdifwG,f
ajz&Sif;EkdifzkdY xkdtjypfrsm;ukdxkwfazmfjyoay;&ef bk&m;ocifukdawmif;
avQmufyg/
23
aus;uRefrsm;
1 wd 6;1-2 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhaomyxrpmapmiftm;
taMumif;t&mtcsKdUESifhpyfvsOf;aom tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ukday;jcif;jzihf ed*kH;csKyfxm;
onf/ þed*kH;csKyfjcif;ukd c&pf,mefuRefrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom ta&;BuD;oGefoif
csuftcsKdUjzifhtpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\þoGefoifcsufonf,aeYacwfumv
&SduREkfyfwkdYESifhvnf; vufawGYususqufpyfrI&Sdaeonf/
&Sifaygvkonf aus;uRefrsm;ukd&nfñTef;í ajymqkdaeaomfvnf;uRef
pepfukdrltm;ray;aMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;&efta&;BuD;onf/ aus;uRef
a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmfESifhtpDtpOfrsm;ukd qefY
usifaomvkyf&yfjzpfaMumif; 1 wd 1;9-10 wGif&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&;om;xm;
onfrSm-
ynwfw&m;ukdw&m;ojzihfusifhaomoltbkdYrxm;? rw&m;ojzihfusihf
aomol? em;raxmifaomol? bk&m;ukdrukd;uG,faomol? tjypfxif&Sm;
aomol? roefY&Sif;aomol? bk&m;w&m;ukdr½kdraojyKaomol? rdbukd
n§if;qJaomol? vlYtoufukdowfaomol? rw&m;aomarxkefürSD0J
aomol? a,mufsm;csif;arxkefukdjyKaomol?
vlukdckd;oGm;aomol
? rkom;
pum;ukdokH;aomol? r[kwfrrSefqJusdefqkdolrSpí pifMu,faomMo0g'
« 235 »
ouf
ooooo
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xkdw&m;ukdw&m;ojzihfokH;aomolü ynwfw&m;onftusKd;ukday;wwf
onf[kigwkdYodMu\/
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r[kwfcJhaomfvnf; aus;uRefpepfonfxkdacwfumv\ ,Ofaus;rIjy,k*fwpfck
tjzpfus,fus,fjyefYjyefY vkyfaqmifaecJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ þtcef;BuD;ü&Sifaygvk
a&;om;xm;aomt&mrsm;onf aus;uRefjzpfaeNyD;jzpfaomolrsm; rnfokdY&Sifoef
aexkdif&rnfhtaMumif;ESifh oufqkdifonf/ aus;uRefrsm;\tajctaeonf
taumif;qkH;t&mr[kwfouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\jynfhpkHaom tMuHtpnfvnf;
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf olwkdYrSmaus;uRefrsm;jzpfaeMuNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh xkdaus;uRef
b0rS½kef;xGufír&EkdifMuawmhyg/ c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh olwkdYrnfonfht&m
ukdvkyfaqmif&rnfenf;/ þokdYaomvuf&SdtajctaewGif b0ukdrnfokdY &Sifoef
jzwfoef;Mu&rnfenf;/ þar;cGef;rsm;rSm &Sifaygvk&Sif;jyvkdaomt&mrsm;jzpf
onf/
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vnf;r[kwfaomaMumifh rdrd\t&SifocifvufxJrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufatmif
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okdYaomoufaoom"uukday;rnfenf;/ ol\t&Sifocifonf þvkyf&yf
twGufauseyfrnfr[kwfyg/ olonfocifhtay:ü opömr&SdaomaMumifhywf0ef;
usifwGifol\*kPfodu©mrsm;vnf; nd§EGrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd\wm0efukdpGefYcGm
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aoaumif;rjzpfEkdifyg/ ol\vkyf&yfaMumifh olYukdc&pf,meftjzpfod&Sdxm;aom
olrsm;u ocifbk&m;\trnfemrukd½IwfcsMuygvdhrfrnf/
uRefykdif&Sifwkdif;rSm El;nHhodrfarGYíoem;jcif;*½kPm&Sdaomolrsm;r[kwf
wwfaMumif;ukdod&Sdxm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ tcsKdUaomt&Sifocifrsm;onfMurf;
wrf;í&ufpufMuonf/ cufxefMurf;wrf;aomt&SifESifhpdwfoabmxm;aumif;
rGefaomt&SifocifwkdYukd &SifaygvkucGJjcm;EIdif;,SOfrjyxm;yg/ aumif;aomt&Sif
ocifjzpfap? qkd;aomt&Sifocifjzpfap ½kdaoav;pm;xkdufaomolrsm;jzpfMu
aMumif;odrSwfxm;&rnf/ olwkdY\vkyf&yfaMumifh olwkdYukdav;pm;xkdufonf[k
rokH;oyfyJ? olwdkY\jzpfwnfrItqifhwef;t& av;pm;xkdufolrsm;jzpfaMumif;okH;
oyf&rnfjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefrsm;onf txufütkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfaomolrsm;ukd ½kdaoav;
pm;Mu&rnfhtaMumif; &SifaygvkoGefoifxm;onf/ þt&mrsm;onfuRefjzpf
aeolrsm;twGuf rSefuefouJhokdY tpkd;&0efxrf;rsm;twGufvnf; rSefuefay
onf (a&mr? 13;1-2)/ uREkfyfwkdY\acgif;aqmifrsm;? t&Sifocifrsm;ESifhtvkyf
&Sifrsm;onf&ufpufaomolrsm;jzpfap? *½kPm&Sifrsm;jzpfap uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf
opöm&SdaomtrIawmfaqmifESifh EkdifiHom;aumif;rsm;jzpfMu&ayrnf/ þt&mukd
uREkfyfwkdY\ykHoufaoaumif;twGufvkyfaqmifMu&ouJhokdYocifbk&m;\trnf
emrukdukd,fpm;jyKxm;MuaomaMumifhvnf; vkyfaqmifMu&ayrnf/
uRefjzpfolonfrdrdt&Sifociftm; tvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm;vkyfjcif;tm;
jzihf4if;? opömapmifhodjcif;tm;jzihf4if; ½kdaoav;pm;rIukdjyo&rnf/ rdrdt&Sif
ocif\,kHMunfukd;pm;rIukd tjynfht0&&Sdonftxd toufwmukdxdef;aMumif;
aexdkif&rnfjzpfonf/ a,moyfonftJ*kwåKjynf\ uRefykdif&Sifrsm;vufokdYa&mif;
« 238 »« 237 »
ouf
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xkdw&m;ukdw&m;ojzihfokH;aomolü ynwfw&m;onftusKd;ukday;wwf
onf[kigwkdYodMu\/
vltrsm;wpfOD;wpfOD;uRefjyKaeMujcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnf
r[kwfcJhaomfvnf; aus;uRefpepfonfxkdacwfumv\ ,Ofaus;rIjy,k*fwpfck
tjzpfus,fus,fjyefYjyefY vkyfaqmifaecJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ þtcef;BuD;ü&Sifaygvk
a&;om;xm;aomt&mrsm;onf aus;uRefjzpfaeNyD;jzpfaomolrsm; rnfokdY&Sifoef
aexkdif&rnfhtaMumif;ESifh oufqkdifonf/ aus;uRefrsm;\tajctaeonf
taumif;qkH;t&mr[kwfouJhokdY bk&m;ocif\jynfhpkHaom tMuHtpnfvnf;
r[kwfyg/ okdYaomf olwkdYrSmaus;uRefrsm;jzpfaeMuNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh xkdaus;uRef
b0rS½kef;xGufír&EkdifMuawmhyg/ c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh olwkdYrnfonfht&m
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jzwfoef;Mu&rnfenf;/ þar;cGef;rsm;rSm &Sifaygvk&Sif;jyvkdaomt&mrsm;jzpf
onf/
c&pf,mefaus;uRefrsm;taejzihf rdrdwkdY\t&Sifocifukd tvGef
½kdaoav;pm;&rnf[koGefoifay;jcif;jzifh &SifaygvktpjyKxm;onf/ ocifbk&m;
\emrawmfuJh&JUjcif;ESifhuif;vGwfrnfhtaMumif; olwkdYþokdYjyKrlaexkdifMu&rnf/
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vnf;r[kwfaomaMumifh rdrd\t&SifocifvufxJrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufatmif
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okdYaomoufaoom"uukday;rnfenf;/ ol\t&Sifocifonf þvkyf&yf
twGufauseyfrnfr[kwfyg/ olonfocifhtay:ü opömr&SdaomaMumifhywf0ef;
usifwGifol\*kPfodu©mrsm;vnf; nd§EGrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd\wm0efukdpGefYcGm
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oyf&rnfjzpfonf/
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ocif\,kHMunfukd;pm;rIukd tjynfht0&&Sdonftxd toufwmukdxdef;aMumif;
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« 238 »« 237 »
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tvkyfukdBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhaomaMumifh t&Sifocifjzpfol\,kHMunfrIukdtjynfh
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« 240 »« 239 »
ouf
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« 240 »« 239 »
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« 242 »« 241 »
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« 242 »« 241 »
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oefaexkdifjcif;onf &Sifoefjcif;twGufwpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfaeaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\t&Sifocifukd tvkyftauR;jyKí ocifjzpfolu
vnf;4if;wkdYukduG,fumapmifha&Smufí vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;cJhygonf/
,kHMunfoluRefykdif&Sifonf rdrd\uRefrsm;tm;axmufyHhay;urf;&ef wwfEkdiforQ
vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf/
b0wGifESpfoufzG,fraumif;aom tajctaersm;vnf;&Sdaeygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfrjynfhpkHaomavmuBuD;wGif c&pf,mef,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpf&Sifoef
aexkdifMu&rnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tcuftcJtusyftwnf;wGif a&muf&SdaeEkdif
onf/ þ'kp½kdufurÇmBuD;wGif rw&m;rI? arSmufrSm;rI? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfrIrsm;
ESifhjynfhaeonf/ þt&mrsm;rSmbk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
þt&mrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\emrawmfukdBuD;jrwfap&ef rnfokdYrnfykHaexkdif&rnf
ukduREkfyfwkdYoif,lzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þt&mukd ocifa,½Iutjcm;olrsm;xuft
aumif;qkH; ykHoufaojycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olonftjypf'kp½kdufESifhjynfhESufaeaom
þavmuBuD;wGif&SifoefcJhygonf/ olonfrw&m;pGyfpGJjcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/
ol\wynfhawmfrsm;üyifolYukdjiif;y,frnfholESifh olukdopömazmufa&mif;pm;
rnfholwkdY&SdaecJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh,SOfwGJíaexkdifcJhonf/
olonftjypf'kp½kdufESifhjynfhESufaeaom þavmuBuD;wGif&Sifoef&if; crnf;
awmfukd*kPfBuD;apcJhonf/ rdrd\ykHOyrmtwkdif; vkdufavsmuf&SifoefMu&ef
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:aeygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\txufü&Sdaom rif;tmPm&Sdolrsm;ukd½kdaoav;pm;zkdY þ
usrf;yk'fuuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYoGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oiftvkyfvkyfaeaomae&mwGif rnfokdYaomykHOyrmukdoifjyoyg
oenf;/
qufqHzkdYcufcJaomtvkyf&SifxHü oiftvkyfvkyfaeygovm;/ oifonf
ukd,fhukdukd,fukd tvGefcufcJaomtvkyfukdvkyfae&onf (okdY)tvGef
cufcJaomb0tajctaewGif &Sdaeonf[k,lqygovm;/þusrf;csuf
wGifoifhtwGufpdefac:csufum;tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qufqHzkdYcufcJaomtvkyf&SifxHü (odkY)tvGefcufcJaomtajctaeü
oifa&mufaeygovm;/ oifhukd'ku©a&mufcufcJatmifvkyfaeaomol
rsm;ukdaumif;BuD;ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/ xdkodkYaom
tajctaewGifocifbk&m;udk *kPfBuD;apzkdY aus;Zl;awmf ukday;
oem;&efawmif;a&Smufyg/
b0ütcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&aomolwpfOD;wpf
a,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdolwkdYukdocifbk&m;vufü tyfESHay;zkdY
tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aomjyóemrsm;ü bk&m;ocif
ukd*kPfBuD;apEkdifMuzkdY ulnDrpay;&efESifh uG,fumay;&efbk&m;
ocifukdawmif;a&Smufay;yg/
« 244 »« 243 »
ouf
ooooo
wzef &Sifaygvkonfaus;uRefpepfukd axmufcHtm;ay;aejcif;r[kwf
aMumif;ukduREkfyfwkdYod&Sdxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ &SifaygvkonfuRefrsm;ukd þodkYwkduf
wGef;pdefac:cJh&jcif;rSm tcsKdUaomuRefrsm;tzkdY rdrdwkdY\t&SifocifvufxJü&Sif
oefaexkdifjcif;onf &Sifoefjcif;twGufwpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfaeaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\t&Sifocifukd tvkyftauR;jyKí ocifjzpfolu
vnf;4if;wkdYukduG,fumapmifha&Smufí vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdjznfhqnf;ay;cJhygonf/
,kHMunfoluRefykdif&Sifonf rdrd\uRefrsm;tm;axmufyHhay;urf;&ef wwfEkdiforQ
vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf/
b0wGifESpfoufzG,fraumif;aom tajctaersm;vnf;&Sdaeygonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonfrjynfhpkHaomavmuBuD;wGif c&pf,mef,kHMunfolrsm;tjzpf&Sifoef
aexkdifMu&rnf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tcuftcJtusyftwnf;wGif a&muf&SdaeEkdif
onf/ þ'kp½kdufurÇmBuD;wGif rw&m;rI? arSmufrSm;rI? &ufpufMurf;MuKwfrIrsm;
ESifhjynfhaeonf/ þt&mrsm;rSmbk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
þt&mrsm;ü bk&m;ocif\emrawmfukdBuD;jrwfap&ef rnfokdYrnfykHaexkdif&rnf
ukduREkfyfwkdYoif,lzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þt&mukd ocifa,½Iutjcm;olrsm;xuft
aumif;qkH; ykHoufaojycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olonftjypf'kp½kdufESifhjynfhESufaeaom
þavmuBuD;wGif&SifoefcJhygonf/ olonfrw&m;pGyfpGJjcif;ukdcHcJh&onf/
ol\wynfhawmfrsm;üyifolYukdjiif;y,frnfholESifh olukdopömazmufa&mif;pm;
rnfholwkdY&SdaecJhygonf/ ocifa,½Ionf xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh,SOfwGJíaexkdifcJhonf/
olonftjypf'kp½kdufESifhjynfhESufaeaom þavmuBuD;wGif&Sifoef&if; crnf;
awmfukd*kPfBuD;apcJhonf/ rdrd\ykHOyrmtwkdif; vkdufavsmuf&SifoefMu&ef
ocifa,½Ionf uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:aeygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREkfyfwkdY\txufü&Sdaom rif;tmPm&Sdolrsm;ukd½kdaoav;pm;zkdY þ
usrf;yk'fuuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYoGefoifay;ygoenf;/
oiftvkyfvkyfaeaomae&mwGif rnfokdYaomykHOyrmukdoifjyoyg
oenf;/
qufqHzkdYcufcJaomtvkyf&SifxHü oiftvkyfvkyfaeygovm;/ oifonf
ukd,fhukdukd,fukd tvGefcufcJaomtvkyfukdvkyfae&onf (okdY)tvGef
cufcJaomb0tajctaewGif &Sdaeonf[k,lqygovm;/þusrf;csuf
wGifoifhtwGufpdefac:csufum;tb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qufqHzkdYcufcJaomtvkyf&SifxHü (odkY)tvGefcufcJaomtajctaeü
oifa&mufaeygovm;/ oifhukd'ku©a&mufcufcJatmifvkyfaeaomol
rsm;ukdaumif;BuD;ay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/ xdkodkYaom
tajctaewGifocifbk&m;udk *kPfBuD;apzkdY aus;Zl;awmf ukday;
oem;&efawmif;a&Smufyg/
b0ütcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;ukd &ifqkdifae&aomolwpfOD;wpf
a,mufukdoifodygovm;/ xkdolwkdYukdocifbk&m;vufü tyfESHay;zkdY
tcsdeftenf;i,f,lyg/ olwkdY&ifqkdifae&aomjyóemrsm;ü bk&m;ocif
ukd*kPfBuD;apEkdifMuzkdY ulnDrpay;&efESifh uG,fumay;&efbk&m;
ocifukdawmif;a&Smufay;yg/
« 244 »« 243 »
ouf
ooooo
uREkfyfwkdYukdtvGefcspfjrwfEkd;aomaMumifh vlYZmwdukdcH,lí tjypf'kp½kduf
ESifhjynfhESufaeaom þavmuBuD;wGifaexkdif&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdcJhaom
ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
24
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;
1 wd 6;3-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf tcef;BuD;(6)\aemufwpfykdif;wGif rdrd\a&;om;csuf
rsm;ukdrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;bufokdY OD;wnfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g'rsm;ukd oGefoifay;aomolrsm;onf b0jrihfpdwfBuD;0if
aeaomolrsm;jzpfonf[kajymcJhonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ESifhrmeaxmifvTm;
jcif;rnfodkYqufpyfaeygoenf;/
ocifa,½Ionfbk&m;jzpfonf/ þt&monf olYukd&SmazGawGYjrifaom
olrsm;twGuf txl;&Sif;vif;jywfom;vSygonf/ ocifa,½Ionfemrusef;jzpf
aomolrsm;ukd tema&m*gNidrf;apcJhNyD; rsufpduG,faeaomolrsm;ukd rsufpdtvif;
ay;cJhonf/ olonfMoZmtmPmykdifwpfOD;uJhokdY ajymqkdoGefoifay;cJhonf/ xkd
MoZmtmPmrSm rsufjrifxif&Sm;&SdcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\toHukdMum;½kHESifhyif
ewfqkd;rsm;xGufajy;cJhMuonf/ pdwfESvkH;yGifhvif;í ½kd;om;aomoltm;vkH;u
ocifa,½IonfolajymcJhonfhtwkdif; jzpfcJhonf[k0efcHMuygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½I
jyocJhaomerdwfvu©Pmrsm;ukd jiif;qefvsuf oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdvnf;y,fcscJh
olrsm;onf xdkocifESifhol\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd vufcH,kHMunf&ef xkdocifa&SUü
ukd,fhukdukd,fESdyfcsMuzkdY jiif;qefaomrmeaxmifvTm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ rSm;,Gif;
aomq&mrsm;onf ocifa,½IukdqefYusifí ukd,fhukdukd,fcsD;ajr§mufNyD; vltrsm;
ukdvnf;olwkdYukd,kHMunfMuzkdY jzm;a,mif;Muonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rmefrmewnf;[laomausmhuGif;ü wpfenf;r[kwfwpf
« 245 »
ouf
ooooo
uREkfyfwkdYukdtvGefcspfjrwfEkd;aomaMumifh vlYZmwdukdcH,lí tjypf'kp½kduf
ESifhjynfhESufaeaom þavmuBuD;wGifaexkdif&ef vkdvkdvm;vm;&SdcJhaom
ocifbk&m;ukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
24
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;
1 wd 6;3-10 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkonf tcef;BuD;(6)\aemufwpfykdif;wGif rdrd\a&;om;csuf
rsm;ukdrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;bufokdY OD;wnfcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g'rsm;ukd oGefoifay;aomolrsm;onf b0jrihfpdwfBuD;0if
aeaomolrsm;jzpfonf[kajymcJhonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ESifhrmeaxmifvTm;
jcif;rnfodkYqufpyfaeygoenf;/
ocifa,½Ionfbk&m;jzpfonf/ þt&monf olYukd&SmazGawGYjrifaom
olrsm;twGuf txl;&Sif;vif;jywfom;vSygonf/ ocifa,½Ionfemrusef;jzpf
aomolrsm;ukd tema&m*gNidrf;apcJhNyD; rsufpduG,faeaomolrsm;ukd rsufpdtvif;
ay;cJhonf/ olonfMoZmtmPmykdifwpfOD;uJhokdY ajymqkdoGefoifay;cJhonf/ xkd
MoZmtmPmrSm rsufjrifxif&Sm;&SdcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\toHukdMum;½kHESifhyif
ewfqkd;rsm;xGufajy;cJhMuonf/ pdwfESvkH;yGifhvif;í ½kd;om;aomoltm;vkH;u
ocifa,½IonfolajymcJhonfhtwkdif; jzpfcJhonf[k0efcHMuygvdrhfrnf/ ocifa,½I
jyocJhaomerdwfvu©Pmrsm;ukd jiif;qefvsuf oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdvnf;y,fcscJh
olrsm;onf xdkocifESifhol\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd vufcH,kHMunf&ef xkdocifa&SUü
ukd,fhukdukd,fESdyfcsMuzkdY jiif;qefaomrmeaxmifvTm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ rSm;,Gif;
aomq&mrsm;onf ocifa,½IukdqefYusifí ukd,fhukdukd,fcsD;ajr§mufNyD; vltrsm;
ukdvnf;olwkdYukd,kHMunfMuzkdY jzm;a,mif;Muonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf rmefrmewnf;[laomausmhuGif;ü wpfenf;r[kwfwpf
« 245 »
ouf
ooooo
enf;oufqif;EkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYüykdíaumif;aomenf;vrf;rsm;&Sdonf[k
cHpm;íocifbk&m;\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKMuonfhtcsdefwkdif; uREkfyfwkdY
onfxkdt&mukdrmepdwfjzifh vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yf
onfocifa,½Iukdtb,frQ ½Iwfcsapmfum;&ma&mufoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf,kH
Munfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf ocifa,½IonfrSefuefaomt&mukdod&Sdxm;
oljzpfaMumif; od&Sdem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ ocifa,½I\enf;vrf;rsm;rSm
yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf ocifa,½I\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
ESifhoGefoifcsufrsm;ü ukd,fhukdukd,fESdrfhcsvsuf tyfESHMuzkdYvdktyfonf/ rSm;,Gif;
aomq&mrsm;onf ukd,fhudkukd,ftxifBuD;MuaomaMumifh olwkdYübk&m;
ocifxuf omíaumif;rGefjynfhpkHonfhenf;vrf;rsm;&SdMuonfh tvm;
ukd,fhukdukd,f,kHMunfí xkdtwkdif;oGefoifay;wwfMuonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY
\t,ltqrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;xif&Sm;vSaom bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf\
oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifhqefYusifbufjyKxm;Muonf/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvkütjcm;
t&mrsm;ajymzkdY&Sdaeao;onf/ tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf rnfonfhaumif;usKd;rQrjzpfxGef;apaom pum;Ekdif
vkjiif;ckHrIrsm;ukd txl;pdwf0ifpm;MuaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ þokdYaomtjyKtrl
onfolwkdY\rmefrmeaMumifhjzpfonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf vlrsm;
tjrifüOmPftajrmftjrif&Sdol? A[kokw<u,f0olrsm;tjzpf xifay:csifMu
onf/ olwkdYonfpum;vkH;rsm;? t,ltqrsm;taMumif;ukdjiif;ckHMuonf/ olwkdY\
oGefoifcsufrsm;onf vlYZmwdoabmESifhewfqkd;\ tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKjcif;ukd
cHxm;onf/ olwkdYjyKvkyfaomt&mrsm;\ aemufqufwGJtjzpftysufukdMunfh
vQiftxl;odomygonf/ olwkdYonfoGm;av&m&mü tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?oabmxm;
uGJ&efjzpfjcif;rsm;ukdzefwD;wwfMuonf/ olwkdYonfolrsm;xufomaMumif;? awmf
aMumif;vkyfcsifMuonf/ olwkdYomtrSefjzpfcsifí olwkdY\ajymqkdcsufrsm;ukdrSef
aMumif;oufaojy&ef cspfjcif;arwåmESifh*½kPmw&m;rsm;ukdyif pGefYvTwfzkdY0ef
rav;Muyg/ þvkyf&yfonfremvkdjcif;? ckduf&efjzpfyGm;jcif;? oHo,0ifjcif;rsm;ukd
omjzpfaponf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;oGm;av&m&mü awGYjrif&aomtoD;
tyGifhrSmraumif;rI'kp½kduf toD;tyGifhomjzpfonf/
þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf toif;awmfukdpdwf0rf;cGJaeMuonf/
olwkdY\oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifhtwl oHo,yGm;½IyfaxG;rIESifh pdwfESvkH;rnDñGwfjcif;
rsKd;aphrsm;ukdMuJjzefYMuonf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd pnf;vkH;nD
ñGwfjcif;twGuftEÅ&m,fwpfckjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarm
aotm; þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ü azmufjyefysufpD;aeaompdwf&Sdonf[kajym
cJhonf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf rmeaxmifvTm;í MuifemrIr&SdbJ pdwfoabm
xm;uGJapwwfvQuf 'kp½kduft&mESifhomjynfhaeonf/
tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuqufvufíajymqkdxm;onfrSm þrSm;
,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;tm; ukd,fhtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf
toKH;jyKp&menf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif
\bkef;awmfxif&Sm;jcif;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;Muyg/ olwkdYonf aiGaMu;OpömESifhrdrdwkdY\
tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdompdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd oGef
oifay;&mü aiGaMu;vkyftm;cukdolwkdYarQmfvifhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufrl
bmoma&;onf aiGaMu;Opöm<u,f0jcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfckomjzpfonf/
olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ trnfemrukdtokH;jyKí rdrdwkdY\aiGaMu;tusKd;
« 248 »« 247 »
ouf
ooooo
enf;oufqif;EkdifMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYüykdíaumif;aomenf;vrf;rsm;&Sdonf[k
cHpm;íocifbk&m;\oGefoifcsufrsm;ukd Oayu©mjyKMuonfhtcsdefwkdif; uREkfyfwkdY
onfxkdt&mukdrmepdwfjzifh vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ þokdYaomvkyf&yf
onfocifa,½Iukdtb,frQ ½Iwfcsapmfum;&ma&mufoenf;/ uREkfyfwkdYonf,kH
Munfolrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf ocifa,½IonfrSefuefaomt&mukdod&Sdxm;
oljzpfaMumif; od&Sdem;vnfxm;zkdYvkdtyfonf/ ocifa,½I\enf;vrf;rsm;rSm
yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;Muonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzihf ocifa,½I\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
ESifhoGefoifcsufrsm;ü ukd,fhukdukd,fESdrfhcsvsuf tyfESHMuzkdYvdktyfonf/ rSm;,Gif;
aomq&mrsm;onf ukd,fhudkukd,ftxifBuD;MuaomaMumifh olwkdYübk&m;
ocifxuf omíaumif;rGefjynfhpkHonfhenf;vrf;rsm;&SdMuonfh tvm;
ukd,fhukdukd,f,kHMunfí xkdtwkdif;oGefoifay;wwfMuonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY
\t,ltqrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;xif&Sm;vSaom bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf\
oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifhqefYusifbufjyKxm;Muonf/
þusrf;ykd'fwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvkütjcm;
t&mrsm;ajymzkdY&Sdaeao;onf/ tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf rnfonfhaumif;usKd;rQrjzpfxGef;apaom pum;Ekdif
vkjiif;ckHrIrsm;ukd txl;pdwf0ifpm;MuaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ þokdYaomtjyKtrl
onfolwkdY\rmefrmeaMumifhjzpfonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf vlrsm;
tjrifüOmPftajrmftjrif&Sdol? A[kokw<u,f0olrsm;tjzpf xifay:csifMu
onf/ olwkdYonfpum;vkH;rsm;? t,ltqrsm;taMumif;ukdjiif;ckHMuonf/ olwkdY\
oGefoifcsufrsm;onf vlYZmwdoabmESifhewfqkd;\ tm;ay;tm;ajr§mufjyKjcif;ukd
cHxm;onf/ olwkdYjyKvkyfaomt&mrsm;\ aemufqufwGJtjzpftysufukdMunfh
vQiftxl;odomygonf/ olwkdYonfoGm;av&m&mü tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?oabmxm;
uGJ&efjzpfjcif;rsm;ukdzefwD;wwfMuonf/ olwkdYonfolrsm;xufomaMumif;? awmf
aMumif;vkyfcsifMuonf/ olwkdYomtrSefjzpfcsifí olwkdY\ajymqkdcsufrsm;ukdrSef
aMumif;oufaojy&ef cspfjcif;arwåmESifh*½kPmw&m;rsm;ukdyif pGefYvTwfzkdY0ef
rav;Muyg/ þvkyf&yfonfremvkdjcif;? ckduf&efjzpfyGm;jcif;? oHo,0ifjcif;rsm;ukd
omjzpfaponf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;oGm;av&m&mü awGYjrif&aomtoD;
tyGifhrSmraumif;rI'kp½kduf toD;tyGifhomjzpfonf/
þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf toif;awmfukdpdwf0rf;cGJaeMuonf/
olwkdY\oGefoifcsufrsm;ESifhtwl oHo,yGm;½IyfaxG;rIESifh pdwfESvkH;rnDñGwfjcif;
rsKd;aphrsm;ukdMuJjzefYMuonf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmf&Sd pnf;vkH;nD
ñGwfjcif;twGuftEÅ&m,fwpfckjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarm
aotm; þrSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;ü azmufjyefysufpD;aeaompdwf&Sdonf[kajym
cJhonf/ olwkdY\pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf rmeaxmifvTm;í MuifemrIr&SdbJ pdwfoabm
xm;uGJapwwfvQuf 'kp½kduft&mESifhomjynfhaeonf/
tcef;i,f(5)wGif &Sifaygvkuqufvufíajymqkdxm;onfrSm þrSm;
,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;tm; ukd,fhtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf
toKH;jyKp&menf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf[k ,kHMunfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif
\bkef;awmfxif&Sm;jcif;ukd pdwfr0ifpm;Muyg/ olwkdYonf aiGaMu;OpömESifhrdrdwkdY\
tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdompdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ þrSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd oGef
oifay;&mü aiGaMu;vkyftm;cukdolwkdYarQmfvifhMuonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufrl
bmoma&;onf aiGaMu;Opöm<u,f0jcif;twGuf enf;vrf;wpfckomjzpfonf/
olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\ trnfemrukdtokH;jyKí rdrdwkdY\aiGaMu;tusKd;
« 248 »« 247 »
ouf
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tjrwfukdwkd;csJUMuonf/ &Sifaygvkonf or®mw&m;ukda[majymoGefoifay;aom
olrsm;taejzifh olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrItwGuf vkyftm;cESifhxkdufwefMuaMumif;
tckdiftrm,kHMunfxm;oljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyf
wkdYtaejzihf uREkfyfwkdYxrf;aqmifaomtrIawmftwGuf &&SdvmaomaiGaMu;
qkvmbfrsm;ukdvufrcHoifhaMumif; ajymjyaejcif;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymqkd
aeonfht&mrSm rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf aiGaMu;tusKd;tjrwfukdtvGef
trif;pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf[líjzpfonf/ þt&monfolwkdYtm;a[majymoGef
oifjcif;udkjyKvkyf&ef wGef;ykdYay;aeaomt&mjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmfukdwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf oGefoifa[majymaeMujcif;r[kwf?
aiGaMu; twGufoma[majymoGefoifaeMuonf/
tcef;i,f(6-8)wGif wif;wdrfa&mif&JaompdwfESifhtwl bk&m;0wfüarGY
avsmfjcif;onf BuD;pGmaomtusKd;ukdjzpfapaMumif; &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukdajym
jyxm;onf/ wif;wdrfa&mif&Jjcif;ESifh bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukd &SifaygvkrnfokdY
tokH;jyKxm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ wif;wdrfa&mif&Jjcif;onf bk&m;ocifaxmufyHh
ay;urf;orQaomt&mrsm;ukdvufcHí axmufyHhay;urf;xm;onfxufykdí
wkd;íavmbpdwfwufr&SmMuHwwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIwGif
0rf;ajrmufíauseyftm;&vsuf&Sdonf/ omírsm;aomtusKd;pD;yGm;twGufa&SU
okdYwGef;wkdufíroGm;? &&Sdxm;aomt&mü0rf;ajrmufvsuf&Sdonf/
wif;wdrfa&mif&JrI&Sdjcif;ESifh auseyftm;&rI&Sdjcif;wkdYrSm tvGeftHhMozG,f
aumif;aomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ omírsm;aomtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf a&SUokdY
wGef;wkdufíoGm;aomolrsm;onf olwkdYvkdcsifawmihfwaomt&mü b,faom
tcgwGifrQpdwfauseyfjcif;ukd&SmawGY auseyfMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifay;
oem;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ü 0rf;omtm;&jcif;&SdaomolESifh xkdokdYjzpf&efukdoif
,lwwfaom,kHMunfolwpfOD;tzkdY txufygt&mESifhtb,frQuGmjcm;ygoenf;/
þokdY&Sifoefaexkdifwwfjcif;onf pdwfvGwfvyfjcif;? ukd,fvGwfvyfjcif;wkdYukd
aqmifMuOf;ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ Nidrfoufjcif;ESifhjynfhvQuf
bk&m;ocifonf taumif;qkH;ESifhtoifhawmfqkH;aomt&mukdvkyfaqmifí
vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf; axmufyHhay;urf;ygonf[laomtcsufü,kHMunf
pdwfcsvsufwnfNidrfat;csrf;pGmaexkdifEkdifMuonf/
&SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIü ckdukd;Mu&ef
wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ tcef;i,f(7)wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfþavmuxJokdY
b,ft&mrQrygbJvmcJhMuonfhenf;wl þavmuBuD;rSxGufoGm;aomtcgwGif
vnf;rnfonfht&mukdrQ uREkfyfwkdYESifhwpfyg;wnf; aqmif,lroGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd
jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ aiGaMu;ESifhpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;aemufokdYvkdufaejcif;
onftcsnf;ESD;oufoufomjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;pm;&ef? 0wf&ef&SdorQESifha&mifh&JvsufaexkdifzkdY vrf;ñTefxm;onf/ wdarmao
tm½kHxm;&rnhft&mrSm þavmuESifhqkdifaomt&mrsm;ür[kwf? bk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmftay:üjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ aiGaMu;Opömcsrf;om<u,f0rIaemufokdYvkduf
jcif;onf,kHMunfoltm;aemufqkH;wGif pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;xJokdYoufqif;oGm;
&efzefwD;ygvdrhfrnf (i,f 9)/ uREkfyfwkdYonfZmwdpdwf\tvkdukdjznfhqnf;aevQif
xkdt&monf aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom tmoDojyif;jyrIukdykdifqkdifxm;
aMumif;oifodvmrnf/ oifhbufrSrnfrQyifjznfhqnf;auR;arG;aeapumrl
4if;onfb,faomtcgwGifrQ tm;&auseyfrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdZmwdpdwfqE´rsm;
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ouf
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tjrwfukdwkd;csJUMuonf/ &Sifaygvkonf or®mw&m;ukda[majymoGefoifay;aom
olrsm;taejzifh olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrItwGuf vkyftm;cESifhxkdufwefMuaMumif;
tckdiftrm,kHMunfxm;oljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonfh uREkfyf
wkdYtaejzihf uREkfyfwkdYxrf;aqmifaomtrIawmftwGuf &&SdvmaomaiGaMu;
qkvmbfrsm;ukdvufrcHoifhaMumif; ajymjyaejcif;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkajymqkd
aeonfht&mrSm rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf aiGaMu;tusKd;tjrwfukdtvGef
trif;pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf[líjzpfonf/ þt&monfolwkdYtm;a[majymoGef
oifjcif;udkjyKvkyf&ef wGef;ykdYay;aeaomt&mjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmfukdwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf oGefoifa[majymaeMujcif;r[kwf?
aiGaMu; twGufoma[majymoGefoifaeMuonf/
tcef;i,f(6-8)wGif wif;wdrfa&mif&JaompdwfESifhtwl bk&m;0wfüarGY
avsmfjcif;onf BuD;pGmaomtusKd;ukdjzpfapaMumif; &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukdajym
jyxm;onf/ wif;wdrfa&mif&Jjcif;ESifh bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukd &SifaygvkrnfokdY
tokH;jyKxm;onfudkowdjyKyg/ wif;wdrfa&mif&Jjcif;onf bk&m;ocifaxmufyHh
ay;urf;orQaomt&mrsm;ukdvufcHí axmufyHhay;urf;xm;onfxufykdí
wkd;íavmbpdwfwufr&SmMuHwwfyg/ bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIwGif
0rf;ajrmufíauseyftm;&vsuf&Sdonf/ omírsm;aomtusKd;pD;yGm;twGufa&SU
okdYwGef;wkdufíroGm;? &&Sdxm;aomt&mü0rf;ajrmufvsuf&Sdonf/
wif;wdrfa&mif&JrI&Sdjcif;ESifh auseyftm;&rI&Sdjcif;wkdYrSm tvGeftHhMozG,f
aumif;aomt&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ omírsm;aomtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf a&SUokdY
wGef;wkdufíoGm;aomolrsm;onf olwkdYvkdcsifawmihfwaomt&mü b,faom
tcgwGifrQpdwfauseyfjcif;ukd&SmawGY auseyfMurnfr[kwfyg/ bk&m;ocifay;
oem;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ü 0rf;omtm;&jcif;&SdaomolESifh xkdokdYjzpf&efukdoif
,lwwfaom,kHMunfolwpfOD;tzkdY txufygt&mESifhtb,frQuGmjcm;ygoenf;/
þokdY&Sifoefaexkdifwwfjcif;onf pdwfvGwfvyfjcif;? ukd,fvGwfvyfjcif;wkdYukd
aqmifMuOf;ay;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ Nidrfoufjcif;ESifhjynfhvQuf
bk&m;ocifonf taumif;qkH;ESifhtoifhawmfqkH;aomt&mukdvkyfaqmifí
vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf; axmufyHhay;urf;ygonf[laomtcsufü,kHMunf
pdwfcsvsufwnfNidrfat;csrf;pGmaexkdifEkdifMuonf/
&SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm; bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIü ckdukd;Mu&ef
wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ tcef;i,f(7)wGif uREkfyfwkdYonfþavmuxJokdY
b,ft&mrQrygbJvmcJhMuonfhenf;wl þavmuBuD;rSxGufoGm;aomtcgwGif
vnf;rnfonfht&mukdrQ uREkfyfwkdYESifhwpfyg;wnf; aqmif,lroGm;EkdifaMumif;ukd
jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ aiGaMu;ESifhpnf;pdrfOpömrsm;aemufokdYvkdufaejcif;
onftcsnf;ESD;oufoufomjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(8)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;pm;&ef? 0wf&ef&SdorQESifha&mifh&JvsufaexkdifzkdY vrf;ñTefxm;onf/ wdarmao
tm½kHxm;&rnhft&mrSm þavmuESifhqkdifaomt&mrsm;ür[kwf? bk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmftay:üjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ aiGaMu;Opömcsrf;om<u,f0rIaemufokdYvkduf
jcif;onf,kHMunfoltm;aemufqkH;wGif pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;xJokdYoufqif;oGm;
&efzefwD;ygvdrhfrnf (i,f 9)/ uREkfyfwkdYonfZmwdpdwf\tvkdukdjznfhqnf;aevQif
xkdt&monf aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom tmoDojyif;jyrIukdykdifqkdifxm;
aMumif;oifodvmrnf/ oifhbufrSrnfrQyifjznfhqnf;auR;arG;aeapumrl
4if;onfb,faomtcgwGifrQ tm;&auseyfrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdZmwdpdwfqE´rsm;
« 250 »« 249 »
ouf
ooooo
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdtvsiftjreftEkdif,lí aemufqkH;wGifuREkfyfwkdYukdysufpD;jcif;xJ
okdYxkd;usoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/
aiGaMu;ukdwyfrufjcif;onf þavmuBuD;&Sd 'kp½kduftrItm;vkH;\rlv
tjypfyifjzpfonf/ aiGaMu;ukdwyfrufjcif;? aiGaMu;aemufokdYvkdufjcif;aMumifh
vlYtoufukdowfjcif;? azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ESifh trsKd;rsKd;aom'kp½kdufjypfrIrsm;
ukdvGefusL;cJhMuonf/ aiGaMu;\jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifrIaMumifh ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomvlwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;vrf;rSvGJoGm;cJhMuonf/ tcsKdUaomolwkdYrSm
bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukdausmckdif;oGm;cJhMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;uykdícsrf;om
vkdpdwjfzifhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfcsufukd4if;? rdrdwkdY\*kPfyk'f
ukd4if;tay;t,lvkyfcJhMuonf/ avmuDykdifqkdifrIrsm;aemufokdY avmbwBuD;
aumufaumufygatmifvkdufjcif;\ tEÅ&m,fausmhuGif;ü roufqif;rdMuzkdY
&SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/
þusrf;yk'fwGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf
ocifc&pfawmf\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;í em;vnfvG,faomoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd
jiif;y,fírdrdwkdY\t,ltqrsm;ukdjr§ifhwif&ef 0efrav;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpf
aMumif;ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü ½IyfaxG;jcif;rsm;
ESifhpdwfoabmxm;rnDñGwfjcif;rsm;ukd zefwD;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfol
rsm;ukdaoG;cGJí toif;awmfüpdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukdjzpfapcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\t"du
&nf&G,fcsufrSm c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd wnfaqmufzkdYr[kwf? rdrdwkdY\
tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdwnfaqmufMu&efjzpfonf/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfí EIwfuywfawmfukda[majyma0iSolrsm;
jzpfMuonfhuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf pdefac:csufrSm ocifc&pfawmf\oGefoifcsufukd
oHo,r&Sd? t<uif;rJhvufcH,kHMunf&efjzpfonf/ rdrdukd4if;? rdrd\EIwfuywfawmf
ukd4if;vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;,kHMunfvufcHrnfhvlrsKd;ukd ocifbk&m;u&SmMuHaeygonf/
rdrdajymqkdoGefoifay;aomt&mrsm;ukd Munhf½kHomru rdrd\ay;urf;axmufyHhrI
ukdauseyftm;&aomvlrsKd;ukd ocifbk&m;qifhac:ae&ygonf/ ocifbk&m;&SmMuH
aeaomvlrsm;onf xkdocifbk&m;ukdcspfjrwfEkd;í EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifjcif;ukd
½kd;om;pGmpdwfyg0ifpm;rI&SdMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onfrmefrmeaxmifvTm;aomoljzpfonf[k
qkd&mwGif&Sifaygvku rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\oGefoifcsufukd oifoHo,0ifíar;cGef;
xkwfcJhzl;ygovm; (okdY) &Sif;vif;odomaeaom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdoifh
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifhukdufnDoGm;atmif wzefteufzGifhjyefqkdzkdYBudK;pm;cJhzl;
ygovm;/ ocifc&pfawmfESifhol\EIwfuywfawmftay:üxm;&Sdaom
uREkfyfwkdY\xifjrifcsufESifhywfoufí þt&muuREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYajym
jyxm;oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&mü oifhukdaphaqmfay;aomt&m
rSmrnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ þavmuESifhoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;
aemufokdYvkduf&ef oifpkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;cHcJh&zl;ygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwmü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf tb,frQta&;BuD;
ygoenf;/ wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf rnfokdYaomtusKd;aus;Zl;ukdaqmif
MuOf;vmygoenf;/
« 252 »« 251 »
ouf
ooooo
onfuREkfyfwkdYukdtvsiftjreftEkdif,lí aemufqkH;wGifuREkfyfwkdYukdysufpD;jcif;xJ
okdYxkd;usoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/
aiGaMu;ukdwyfrufjcif;onf þavmuBuD;&Sd 'kp½kduftrItm;vkH;\rlv
tjypfyifjzpfonf/ aiGaMu;ukdwyfrufjcif;? aiGaMu;aemufokdYvkdufjcif;aMumifh
vlYtoufukdowfjcif;? azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;ESifh trsKd;rsKd;aom'kp½kdufjypfrIrsm;
ukdvGefusL;cJhMuonf/ aiGaMu;\jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifrIaMumifh ajrmufjrm;pGm
aomvlwkdYonf ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;vrf;rSvGJoGm;cJhMuonf/ tcsKdUaomolwkdYrSm
bk&m;ocif\qifhac:jcif;ukdausmckdif;oGm;cJhMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;uykdícsrf;om
vkdpdwjfzifhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif rdrdwkdY\,kHMunfcsufukd4if;? rdrdwkdY\*kPfyk'f
ukd4if;tay;t,lvkyfcJhMuonf/ avmuDykdifqkdifrIrsm;aemufokdY avmbwBuD;
aumufaumufygatmifvkdufjcif;\ tEÅ&m,fausmhuGif;ü roufqif;rdMuzkdY
&SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYukdowday;xm;onf/
þusrf;yk'fwGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf
ocifc&pfawmf\ &Sif;vif;jywfom;í em;vnfvG,faomoGefoifcsufrsm;ukd
jiif;y,fírdrdwkdY\t,ltqrsm;ukdjr§ifhwif&ef 0efrav;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpf
aMumif;ajymjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonfc&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü ½IyfaxG;jcif;rsm;
ESifhpdwfoabmxm;rnDñGwfjcif;rsm;ukd zefwD;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYonf,kHMunfol
rsm;ukdaoG;cGJí toif;awmfüpdwf0rf;uGJjcif;ukdjzpfapcJhMuonf/ olwkdY\t"du
&nf&G,fcsufrSm c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfukd wnfaqmufzkdYr[kwf? rdrdwkdY\
tusKd;pD;yGm;ukdwnfaqmufMu&efjzpfonf/
ppfrSefaom,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfí EIwfuywfawmfukda[majyma0iSolrsm;
jzpfMuonfhuREkfyfwkdYtwGuf pdefac:csufrSm ocifc&pfawmf\oGefoifcsufukd
oHo,r&Sd? t<uif;rJhvufcH,kHMunf&efjzpfonf/ rdrdukd4if;? rdrd\EIwfuywfawmf
ukd4if;vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;,kHMunfvufcHrnfhvlrsKd;ukd ocifbk&m;u&SmMuHaeygonf/
rdrdajymqkdoGefoifay;aomt&mrsm;ukd Munhf½kHomru rdrd\ay;urf;axmufyHhrI
ukdauseyftm;&aomvlrsKd;ukd ocifbk&m;qifhac:ae&ygonf/ ocifbk&m;&SmMuH
aeaomvlrsm;onf xkdocifbk&m;ukdcspfjrwfEkd;í EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifjcif;ukd
½kd;om;pGmpdwfyg0ifpm;rI&SdMuonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onfrmefrmeaxmifvTm;aomoljzpfonf[k
qkd&mwGif&Sifaygvku rnfonfht&mukdqkdvkdygoenf;/
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\oGefoifcsufukd oifoHo,0ifíar;cGef;
xkwfcJhzl;ygovm; (okdY) &Sif;vif;odomaeaom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdoifh
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifhukdufnDoGm;atmif wzefteufzGifhjyefqkdzkdYBudK;pm;cJhzl;
ygovm;/ ocifc&pfawmfESifhol\EIwfuywfawmftay:üxm;&Sdaom
uREkfyfwkdY\xifjrifcsufESifhywfoufí þt&muuREkfyfwkdYukdrnfokdYajym
jyxm;oenf;/
ocifbk&m;\trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&mü oifhukdaphaqmfay;aomt&m
rSmrnfonfht&mjzpfoenf;/ þavmuESifhoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;
aemufokdYvkduf&ef oifpkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;cHcJh&zl;ygovm;/
c&pf,meftoufwmü wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf tb,frQta&;BuD;
ygoenf;/ wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;onf rnfokdYaomtusKd;aus;Zl;ukdaqmif
MuOf;vmygoenf;/
« 252 »« 251 »
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd oifoHo,0ifí ar;cGef;xkwfcJhzl;yg
ovm;? bk&m;ocifonf oifh&JU,kHMunfrIukdwkd;yGm;apí olYukdykdí,kH
MunfvmaprnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
oifvuf&Sdaexkdif&Sifoefaeaom b0tajctaewGif bk&m;ocifu
ol\wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;pdwfESvkH;ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtm;ay;urf;axmufyHhxm;aomt&mrsm;ü tm;&0rf;omjzpfae&ef
ESifholukdomí,kHMunfukd;pm;EkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmfukday;oem;&efawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifwkdYtv,fürSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;&Sdygovm;/ olwkdYtxHübk&m;
ocifonfukd,fhukdukd,fxkwfazmfjyozkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
25
wdarmaotwGuftrSmpum;
1 wd 6;11-21 ukdzwf½Iyg
wdarmaoxHokdYa&;om;ay;ykdYvkdufaom þpmapmif\aemufqkH;tykdif;
wGif&Sifaygvkonf ol\0dnmOfom;wdarmaowpfOD;wnf;twGuf trSmpum;
rsm;ukda&;om;ajymqkdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf wdarmao\0dnmOfa&;toufwm
twGuftxl;pkd;&drfywfoufcJhonf/ þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotm;bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESifhnDñGwfaomtMuHjyKcsufrsm;ESifh
Mo0g'rsm;ukday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f(11)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þtcef;BuD;\yxr
ykdif;üajymMum;cJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\
rmefrmeaxmifvTm;rI? toif;awmftm;tkyfpkuGJapcJhrIrsm;? aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;
ponfwkdYrSa&SmifMuOf&efpdefac:jcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkk
onfwdarmaotay:ü trsm;BuD;arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/
]]MuOfa&Smifavmh}} (xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifavmh)[laompum;vkH;tm;tokH;
jyKxm;ykHukdowdjyKyg/ rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;? pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;? aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;
wkdYonftm;BuD;aom&efolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonfom;aumifrsm;ukdaxmif
acsmufqifí zrf;umzsufqD;Muygvdrhfrnf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;4if;wkdY\
vufrSvGwfajrmufa&Smifwdrf;&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzihfajzmifh
rwfpGmusihfjcif;? bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? onf;cHjcif;?
« 253 »
ouf
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfukd oifoHo,0ifí ar;cGef;xkwfcJhzl;yg
ovm;? bk&m;ocifonf oifh&JU,kHMunfrIukdwkd;yGm;apí olYukdykdí,kH
MunfvmaprnfhtaMumif;awmif;avQmufyg/
oifvuf&Sdaexkdif&Sifoefaeaom b0tajctaewGif bk&m;ocifu
ol\wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jjcif;pdwfESvkH;ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
oifhtm;ay;urf;axmufyHhxm;aomt&mrsm;ü tm;&0rf;omjzpfae&ef
ESifholukdomí,kHMunfukd;pm;EkdifzkdY aus;Zl;awmfukday;oem;&efawmif;
avQmufyg/
oifwkdYtv,fürSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;&Sdygovm;/ olwkdYtxHübk&m;
ocifonfukd,fhukdukd,fxkwfazmfjyozkdY awmif;avQmufyg/
25
wdarmaotwGuftrSmpum;
1 wd 6;11-21 ukdzwf½Iyg
wdarmaoxHokdYa&;om;ay;ykdYvkdufaom þpmapmif\aemufqkH;tykdif;
wGif&Sifaygvkonf ol\0dnmOfom;wdarmaowpfOD;wnf;twGuf trSmpum;
rsm;ukda&;om;ajymqkdcJhonf/ &Sifaygvkonf wdarmao\0dnmOfa&;toufwm
twGuftxl;pkd;&drfywfoufcJhonf/ þaemufqkH;tykdif;wGif &Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaotm;bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESifhnDñGwfaomtMuHjyKcsufrsm;ESifh
Mo0g'rsm;ukday;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f(11)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þtcef;BuD;\yxr
ykdif;üajymMum;cJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;\
rmefrmeaxmifvTm;rI? toif;awmftm;tkyfpkuGJapcJhrIrsm;? aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;
ponfwkdYrSa&SmifMuOf&efpdefac:jcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkk
onfwdarmaotay:ü trsm;BuD;arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/
]]MuOfa&Smifavmh}} (xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifavmh)[laompum;vkH;tm;tokH;
jyKxm;ykHukdowdjyKyg/ rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;? pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;? aiGaMu;wyfrufjcif;
wkdYonftm;BuD;aom&efolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwkdYonfom;aumifrsm;ukdaxmif
acsmufqifí zrf;umzsufqD;Muygvdrhfrnf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;4if;wkdY\
vufrSvGwfajrmufa&Smifwdrf;&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzihfajzmifh
rwfpGmusihfjcif;? bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? onf;cHjcif;?
« 253 »
ouf
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El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;wkdYukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmif&efjzpfonf/ þt&nftcsif;wpfckpDukd
pDppfavhvmoGm;&ef uREkfyfwkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,loGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
ajzmifhrwfpGmusihfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifESifhppfrSefaomqufqH &if;ESD;
rIü&SdaeaomolwpfOD;\ tajctaejzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifa,½I\vkyfaqmifcsuftm;jzihfomjzpfvmEkdifygonf/ ocifa,½I\vkyf
aqmifcsufaMumifhtqD;twm;tm;vkH;rSm usKd;yJhysufpD;oGm;cJhNyD; xkdvkyfaqmif
csufukd,kHMunfaomoltm;vkH;tm; bk&m;ocifuajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;tjzpf
aMujimonf/ okdYaomf ocifa,½I\vkyfaqmifcsufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYrSmajzmifhrwf
olrsm;tjzpfaMujimjcif;ukdcH&aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonfþajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd
qufvuf ívkdufvHvkyfaqmifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefoihfwifhaomqufqH
&if;ESD;rIukd toufwm\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpf owfrSwfvkyfaqmifzkdYpdefac:
xm;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf &Sifoefjcif;? xkdocifESifhykdíeufeJaom
cspfMunf&if;ESD;rIwkdYrS olYukdtb,ft&murQ vrf;rvGJrcHapoihfyg/ ]]vkdufavmh}}
[laompum;vkH;wGif BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifjcif;(okdY)wGef;vSefwkdufckdufjcif;[laom
t"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdonf/ wpfpkHwpfckaemufokdYvkdufvHjcif;wGif BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrI?
pnf;urf;ao0yfrI? vkHYvpdkufxkwfrIwkdYvkdtyfonf/ wdarmaotaejzihfbk&m;
ocifESifh&&Sdxm;aom þqufqH&if;ESD;rItopfukd 0efwdkpdwfjzifh xdef;odrf;
uG,fum&efjzpfonf/ rdrdESifhrdrd\u,fwif&SifwkdYtMum;ü rnfonfht&mukdrQ
t0ifrcH&efjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf bk&m;awmfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukdvnf; vkdufvHusifhaqmif
&efjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukd vkdufvHusihfaqmif&
rnfqkdvQif bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfaomoljzpfvmzkdY rdrdtm;aESmihf,Suf[efYwm;
aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukdukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfjzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSmwdarmao
onftjypf'kp½kdufESifhraumif;rIrsm;ukd rdrd\toufwmrS&Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;&rnf/
olonfrdrd\bk&m;0wfESifhravsmfnDaomvkyf&yfrsm;?tusifhrsm;ESifhtawG;tac:
rsm;ukd&Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;ypf&rnf/ olonfrdrdtm;zefqif;xm;aom bk&m;ocif
ESifhtusifhpm&dwåwGif4if;? vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif4if; ykdío@mefwlvmaom
oljzpfzkdYtywfwukwfBudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/
wdarmaovkdufvHusifhaqmif&rnfh ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif
ESifhxkdbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm; t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;yifjzpf
onf/ &efolonfbk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftay:üxm;&Sd
aomwdarmao\ ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIukdukdifvIyf&ef&SmMuHygvdrhfrnf/ &efolonf
bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIESifh tpGrf;tpay;rIrsm;ukd wdarmaooHo,
0ifvmatmifzefwD;ygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm{'ifO,smOfxJü {0tay:wGifjyKcJh
onfht&myifjzpfonf/ qifjcif;awG;ac:wwfjcif;u b0wGifarQmfvifhcsufr&Sd
awmhaMumif;ukda[mMum;aecsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;ub0wGifarQmfvifhcsuf&Sd
aMumif;,kHMunfpdwfcsvsufyif&Sdaeonf/ þonfrSm bk&m;ocif\,kHMunfpdwfcs
&rItay:ü t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;rIyifjzpfonf/ wdarmaotaejzifhppfrSef
aombk&m;ocif\ vljzpfvmzkdYqkdvQif bk&m;ociftay:ü4if;? xkdbk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if; t<uif;rJhaompdwfcs,kHMunfrIukdxm;&ayrnf/
cspfjcif;arwåmtwGufvnf; wdarmaoukdqifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmonf wdarmaovkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd t&if;cHvIHY
aqmfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;rsm;vQHuspD;
« 256 »« 255 »
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El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;wkdYukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmif&efjzpfonf/ þt&nftcsif;wpfckpDukd
pDppfavhvmoGm;&ef uREkfyfwkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f,loGm;Murnfjzpfonf/
ajzmifhrwfpGmusihfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifESifhppfrSefaomqufqH &if;ESD;
rIü&SdaeaomolwpfOD;\ tajctaejzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&monf
ocifa,½I\vkyfaqmifcsuftm;jzihfomjzpfvmEkdifygonf/ ocifa,½I\vkyf
aqmifcsufaMumifhtqD;twm;tm;vkH;rSm usKd;yJhysufpD;oGm;cJhNyD; xkdvkyfaqmif
csufukd,kHMunfaomoltm;vkH;tm; bk&m;ocifuajzmifhrwfaomolrsm;tjzpf
aMujimonf/ okdYaomf ocifa,½I\vkyfaqmifcsufaMumifh uREkfyfwkdYrSmajzmifhrwf
olrsm;tjzpfaMujimjcif;ukdcH&aomfvnf; uREkfyfwkdYonfþajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ukd
qufvuf ívkdufvHvkyfaqmifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefoihfwifhaomqufqH
&if;ESD;rIukd toufwm\yxrOD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpf owfrSwfvkyfaqmifzkdYpdefac:
xm;ygonf/ ocifc&pfawmftwGuf &Sifoefjcif;? xkdocifESifhykdíeufeJaom
cspfMunf&if;ESD;rIwkdYrS olYukdtb,ft&murQ vrf;rvGJrcHapoihfyg/ ]]vkdufavmh}}
[laompum;vkH;wGif BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifjcif;(okdY)wGef;vSefwkdufckdufjcif;[laom
t"dyÜg,frsKd;&Sdonf/ wpfpkHwpfckaemufokdYvkdufvHjcif;wGif BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrI?
pnf;urf;ao0yfrI? vkHYvpdkufxkwfrIwkdYvkdtyfonf/ wdarmaotaejzihfbk&m;
ocifESifh&&Sdxm;aom þqufqH&if;ESD;rItopfukd 0efwdkpdwfjzifh xdef;odrf;
uG,fum&efjzpfonf/ rdrdESifhrdrd\u,fwif&SifwkdYtMum;ü rnfonfht&mukdrQ
t0ifrcH&efjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf bk&m;awmfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukdvnf; vkdufvHusifhaqmif
&efjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;ukd vkdufvHusihfaqmif&
rnfqkdvQif bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfaomoljzpfvmzkdY rdrdtm;aESmihf,Suf[efYwm;
aomt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukdukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&rnfjzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSmwdarmao
onftjypf'kp½kdufESifhraumif;rIrsm;ukd rdrd\toufwmrS&Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;&rnf/
olonfrdrd\bk&m;0wfESifhravsmfnDaomvkyf&yfrsm;?tusifhrsm;ESifhtawG;tac:
rsm;ukd&Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;ypf&rnf/ olonfrdrdtm;zefqif;xm;aom bk&m;ocif
ESifhtusifhpm&dwåwGif4if;? vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif4if; ykdío@mefwlvmaom
oljzpfzkdYtywfwukwfBudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/
wdarmaovkdufvHusifhaqmif&rnfh ,kHMunfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif
ESifhxkdbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm; t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;yifjzpf
onf/ &efolonfbk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftay:üxm;&Sd
aomwdarmao\ ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIukdukdifvIyf&ef&SmMuHygvdrhfrnf/ &efolonf
bk&m;ocif\axmufyHhay;urf;rIESifh tpGrf;tpay;rIrsm;ukd wdarmaooHo,
0ifvmatmifzefwD;ygvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm{'ifO,smOfxJü {0tay:wGifjyKcJh
onfht&myifjzpfonf/ qifjcif;awG;ac:wwfjcif;u b0wGifarQmfvifhcsufr&Sd
awmhaMumif;ukda[mMum;aecsdefwGif ,kHMunfjcif;ub0wGifarQmfvifhcsuf&Sd
aMumif;,kHMunfpdwfcsvsufyif&Sdaeonf/ þonfrSm bk&m;ocif\,kHMunfpdwfcs
&rItay:ü t<uif;rJh,kHMunfukd;pm;rIyifjzpfonf/ wdarmaotaejzifhppfrSef
aombk&m;ocif\ vljzpfvmzkdYqkdvQif bk&m;ociftay:ü4if;? xkdbk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if; t<uif;rJhaompdwfcs,kHMunfrIukdxm;&ayrnf/
cspfjcif;arwåmtwGufvnf; wdarmaoukdqifhac:wkdufwGef;xm;onf/
þcspfjcif;arwåmonf wdarmaovkyfaqmifcJhaomt&mtm;vkH;ukd t&if;cHvIHY
aqmfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;rsm;vQHuspD;
« 256 »« 255 »
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qif;aeaomESvkH;om;rS bk&m;ocifukdcspfítapcH&rnfjzpfonf/ olonfc&pf
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½kdaoav;pm;rIjy&rnfjzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ü vQKdU0SufMuHpnfcsufrsm;
r&Sdyg/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf jyefvnf&,lvkdjcif;oabmjzifhtaprcHyg/ cspfjcif;
arwåm\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm MunfndKav;pm;zG,faumif;onf/ cspfjcif;arwåm
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onf/
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vu©Pmwpfyg;jzpfonf/ wdarmaotaejzihf &nf&G,fcsufwpfckudkxm;&Sdí
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&nf&G,fcsufrSvrf;vGJoGm;írjzpfyg/ onf;cHjcif;onf½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;jcif;?
qif;&J'ku©cH jcif;wkdYESifhqufpyfaeonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfaomoljzpfvm&efrSm
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t&4if;? pdwf ykdif;t&4if; ½IaxmifhtrsKd;rsKd;üqefYusifrIrsm;&Sdvmygrnf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmao tm;rnfokdYaomay;qyfpGefYvTwftepfemcHjcif; rsm;&Sd
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cspfjcif;ESifhajzmifhrwfjcif; wkdYukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmif&ef qifhac:wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
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jcif;jzpfonf/ trIawmfaqmif&mü El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;ukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmifzkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; arQmfvifhcJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzihf Murf;wrf;cuf
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trIawmfaqmifaeaomolrsm;tm; *kPfodu©m&Sd&Sd? ½kd½kdaoaoqufqH&rnfjzpf
onf/ xkdYtjyifolwkdYukd nDtpfukdarmifESrozG,fcspfcifí av;pm;&rnfjzpfyg
onf/
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c&pf,meftoufwmqkdonfrSm vG,fulaomt&mr[kwfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdY½IH;edrfhysufpD;rnfhtaMumif; pmwefonf&&mvufeufudpGJ,líwkdufckduf
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wkdY\ZmwdpdwfqE´rsm;rSwqifhjzm;a,mif;ygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf"gwfus
atmifvkyfrnf/ oHo,pdwfrsm;ESifh ra&m&m½IyfaxG;rIrsm;ukdjzpfay:apygrnf/
&efol\þuJhokdYaom pkHprf;jzm;a,mif;rIrsm;ukdrcHpm;&onfhol&Sdygovm;/ bk&m;
0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifü4if;? EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if;?
bk&m;ocif\tpGrf;tpay;rIrsm;tay:ü4if; ,kHMunfíaumif;pGmaomwkduf
vSefjcif;ukdjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf xm0&toufukdukdif,lxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ qkdvkdonf
rSm&&Sdxm;aomxm0&toufukd þvufawGYb0üyif&Sifoef&rnfjzpfonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom,kHMunfolrsm;onf xm0&touf\ppfrSefaomtESpfom&
twkdif;þb0wGifr&SifoefMuyg/ olwkdYonf þavmutwGufom&SifoefMu
onf/ olwdkY\t"dut&mrsm;rSm þavmuESifhqkdifaomt&mrsm;üjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf xm0&toufukdukdif,lí &Sifoefaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\b0OD;pm;
ay;t&mrsm;onfajymif;vJoGm;&onf/ þavmuonfuREkfyfwkdYtwGufqGJ
aqmifrIhr&Sdawmhyg/ þtcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwkdYtrIawmfaqmif&mü4if;?
« 258 »« 257 »
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awmfüwnfaomnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukd cspfjrwfEkd;í olwkdYESifhxdkufwefaom
½kdaoav;pm;rIjy&rnfjzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;ü vQKdU0SufMuHpnfcsufrsm;
r&Sdyg/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf jyefvnf&,lvkdjcif;oabmjzifhtaprcHyg/ cspfjcif;
arwåm\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm MunfndKav;pm;zG,faumif;onf/ cspfjcif;arwåm
onfuREkfyfwkdY\pdwf&if;pdwfcHjzpfaomtcgüomvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukd
4if;? bk&m;ociftxHütapcHMuaomolrsm;ukd av;pm;*kPfjyKEdkifMurnfjzpf
onf/
onf;cHjcif;onf &Sifaygvk\ajymqkdcsufü aemufxyfawGY&aom
vu©Pmwpfyg;jzpfonf/ wdarmaotaejzihf &nf&G,fcsufwpfckudkxm;&Sdí
xkd&nf&G,fcsufudkrajymif;rvJ qkyfukdifxm;&efvkdtyfonf/ olonfrdrd\
&nf&G,fcsufrSvrf;vGJoGm;írjzpfyg/ onf;cHjcif;onf½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;jcif;?
qif;&J'ku©cH jcif;wkdYESifhqufpyfaeonf/ bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfaomoljzpfvm&efrSm
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t&4if;? pdwf ykdif;t&4if; ½IaxmifhtrsKd;rsKd;üqefYusifrIrsm;&Sdvmygrnf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmao tm;rnfokdYaomay;qyfpGefYvTwftepfemcHjcif; rsm;&Sd
vmyap þtcuftcJrsm; ukdonf;cHí bk&m;0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;ESifhajzmifhrwfjcif; wkdYukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmif&ef qifhac:wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvkazmfjyxm;aom aemufqkH;Muiftifvu©PmrSm El;nHhodrfarGY
jcif;jzpfonf/ trIawmfaqmif&mü El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;ukdvkdufvHvkyfaqmifzkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; arQmfvifhcJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzihf Murf;wrf;cuf
xefaomolrjzpf&/ olwpfyg;tay:üMoZmrjy&yg/ rdrdtvkyftauR;jyK
trIawmfaqmifaeaomolrsm;tm; *kPfodu©m&Sd&Sd? ½kd½kdaoaoqufqH&rnfjzpf
onf/ xkdYtjyifolwkdYukd nDtpfukdarmifESrozG,fcspfcifí av;pm;&rnfjzpfyg
onf/
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tokH;jyKxm;onfrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfonf/ þtokH;tEIef;ukdMunfhjcif;jzihf
c&pf,meftoufwmqkdonfrSm vG,fulaomt&mr[kwfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/
uREkfyfwkdY½IH;edrfhysufpD;rnfhtaMumif; pmwefonf&&mvufeufudpGJ,líwkdufckduf
ygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYtaejzifh wkdufyGJ0ifMuzkdYjyifqif&ygrnf/ pmwefonfuREkfyf
wkdY\ZmwdpdwfqE´rsm;rSwqifhjzm;a,mif;ygvdrhfrnf/ uREkfyfwkdYukdpdwf"gwfus
atmifvkyfrnf/ oHo,pdwfrsm;ESifh ra&m&m½IyfaxG;rIrsm;ukdjzpfay:apygrnf/
&efol\þuJhokdYaom pkHprf;jzm;a,mif;rIrsm;ukdrcHpm;&onfhol&Sdygovm;/ bk&m;
0wfüarGYavsmfjcif;qkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifü4if;? EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if;?
bk&m;ocif\tpGrf;tpay;rIrsm;tay:ü4if; ,kHMunfíaumif;pGmaomwkduf
vSefjcif;ukdjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf xm0&toufukdukdif,lxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ qkdvkdonf
rSm&&Sdxm;aomxm0&toufukd þvufawGYb0üyif&Sifoef&rnfjzpfonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom,kHMunfolrsm;onf xm0&touf\ppfrSefaomtESpfom&
twkdif;þb0wGifr&SifoefMuyg/ olwkdYonf þavmutwGufom&SifoefMu
onf/ olwdkY\t"dut&mrsm;rSm þavmuESifhqkdifaomt&mrsm;üjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdYonf xm0&toufukdukdif,lí &Sifoefaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\b0OD;pm;
ay;t&mrsm;onfajymif;vJoGm;&onf/ þavmuonfuREkfyfwkdYtwGufqGJ
aqmifrIhr&Sdawmhyg/ þtcsif;t&monf uREkfyfwkdYtrIawmfaqmif&mü4if;?
« 258 »« 257 »
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aoonfxm0&toufukdrdrd\rsufvkH;rsm;üwyfqifí aexkdif&SifoefMu
ayrnf/
oufaotrsm;wkdYa&SUü aumif;rGefpGm0efcHjcif;ukdjyKvkyfcsdefwGif xm0&
toufukdukdif,lxm;NyDjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd tcef;i,f 12
wGif jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þ0efcHjcif;\oabmobm0ukd &Sifaygvk
u&Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;ajymjyrxm;yg/ wpfcsdefwpfcgu wdarmaojyKvkyfcJhaom
0efcHjcif;ukd ajymqkdxm;onfvm; (okdY) a&mufav&m&mü wdarmaojyKvkyfaom
oufaocH jcif;ukdajymqkdxm;onfvm;qkdonfrSm twdtusrodyg/ okdYaomf
&Sif;&Sif;vif; vif;odEdkifonfht&mrSm wdarmaoonfxm0&toufukdukdif,l
xm;onf[l aomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunf
ukd;pm;íxkdociftwGuf&Sifoef&ef ukd,fhukdukd,fqufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;cJhonf/
þtcsufukdb0\ t"dut&mtjzpf qufvufíwdarmao xdef;odrf;
xm;&rnf/
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ynwfcsufrsm;qufvufxdef;odrf;xm;rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½I
\a&SUürSmMum;xm;onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; xm0&toufukday;aom
olrSmbk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ xkdbk&m;ocifonf
toufukdvnf;jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Ekdifoljzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf {zuftoif;
awmf\oif;tkyfwpfyg;taejzihf pm&if;&Sif;wrf;wifjy&rnfh toufukday;aom
bk&m;ocif\a&SUwGif toufwmukdppfrSefaom aMumuf&GHU½kdaojcif;ESifhtwl
&Sifoef&ygrnf/
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vufxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef ydvwfrif;xHaumif;aom0efcHjcif;bufüouf
aocHawmfrlaom ocifa,½Ia&SUwGifrdefYrSmcJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtouf
ukdayqyfcJhonftxd opömapmifhxdef;cJhonf/ olonfrdrd\vlwkdYtwGuftouf
ukdvkdvkdvm;vm;ay;qyfpaw;cJhonf/ tvm;wlay;qyfpaw;xm;jcif;rsm;ukd
jyKvkyfzkdY xkdocifa&SUwGifuREkfyfwdkYwm0ef&SdMuonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYtwGufykHouf
aoaumif;ukdjyocJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGufolukd,fwkdifrvkyfay;vkdaomt&m
rsm;ukdjyKvkyfMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:rxm;yg/
þtcsufrsm;t& &Sifaygvkonfwdarmaotm; b0vrf;c&D;wGifrnf
odkYaomtqD;twm;rsm;a&mufvmygap xkdtcuftcJtqD;twm;rsm;ukdMuHhMuHh
cH&ifqkdifí EIwfuywfawmfw&m;tay:ü opöm&Sd&efxyfípdefac:cJhonf/
wdarmaoonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmonftxd ukd,fhukdukd,ftnpf
taMu;tpGef;txif;r&Sd&atmif xdef;odrf;&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&efrSm
vG,fulvdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;onf tcuftcJ? ppfaMumjcif;ESifh
n§ifyef;ESdyfpufjcif;ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;jcif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(15-16)wGif &SifaygvkrSmxm0&bk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;\
tHhzG,faomvkyf&yfrsm;tay:ü csD;usL;axmremjyKjcif;rsm;ESifh jynfhvQHíaevsuf
&Sdonf/ ocifa,½Ionfr*Fvm&Sdaomwyg;wnf;aomt&SifjzpfaMumif;
&Sifaygvk uuREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/ olonfbk&m;wumwkdY\bk&m;? bk&if
wum wkdY\bk&ifjzpfonf/ olYtxufürnfolrQr&Sd? t&mtm;vkH;ukdpdk;ykdif
xdef;csKyfxm;onf/ olonfaojcif;ESifhuif;vGwfonf/ olonfxm0&
« 260 »« 259 »
ouf
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&Sifoefaexkdif&mü4if; xl;jcm;aomoufa&mufrIrsm;ukd jzpfapygonf/ wdarm
aoonfxm0&toufukdrdrd\rsufvkH;rsm;üwyfqifí aexkdif&SifoefMu
ayrnf/
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toufukdukdif,lxm;NyDjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd tcef;i,f 12
wGif jyefvnftoday;xm;onf/ þ0efcHjcif;\oabmobm0ukd &Sifaygvk
u&Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;ajymjyrxm;yg/ wpfcsdefwpfcgu wdarmaojyKvkyfcJhaom
0efcHjcif;ukd ajymqkdxm;onfvm; (okdY) a&mufav&m&mü wdarmaojyKvkyfaom
oufaocH jcif;ukdajymqkdxm;onfvm;qkdonfrSm twdtusrodyg/ okdYaomf
&Sif;&Sif;vif; vif;odEdkifonfht&mrSm wdarmaoonfxm0&toufukdukdif,l
xm;onf[l aomtcsufyifjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf ocifa,½Iukd,kHMunf
ukd;pm;íxkdociftwGuf&Sifoef&ef ukd,fhukdukd,fqufuyfjr§KyfESHxm;cJhonf/
þtcsufukdb0\ t"dut&mtjzpf qufvufíwdarmao xdef;odrf;
xm;&rnf/
tcef;i,f(13)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olYüay;tyfxm;aom
ynwfcsufrsm;qufvufxdef;odrf;xm;rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifESifhocifa,½I
\a&SUürSmMum;xm;onf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; xm0&toufukday;aom
olrSmbk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnftoday;cJhonf/ xkdbk&m;ocifonf
toufukdvnf;jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Ekdifoljzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf {zuftoif;
awmf\oif;tkyfwpfyg;taejzihf pm&if;&Sif;wrf;wifjy&rnfh toufukday;aom
bk&m;ocif\a&SUwGif toufwmukdppfrSefaom aMumuf&GHU½kdaojcif;ESifhtwl
&Sifoef&ygrnf/
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aocHawmfrlaom ocifa,½Ia&SUwGifrdefYrSmcJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf rdrdtouf
ukdayqyfcJhonftxd opömapmifhxdef;cJhonf/ olonfrdrd\vlwkdYtwGuftouf
ukdvkdvkdvm;vm;ay;qyfpaw;cJhonf/ tvm;wlay;qyfpaw;xm;jcif;rsm;ukd
jyKvkyfzkdY xkdocifa&SUwGifuREkfyfwdkYwm0ef&SdMuonf/ olonfuREkfyfwkdYtwGufykHouf
aoaumif;ukdjyocJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdYtwGufolukd,fwkdifrvkyfay;vkdaomt&m
rsm;ukdjyKvkyfMuzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukdqifhac:rxm;yg/
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wdarmaoonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;vmonftxd ukd,fhukdukd,ftnpf
taMu;tpGef;txif;r&Sd&atmif xdef;odrf;&rnfjzpfonf/ þokdYjyKvkyf&efrSm
vG,fulvdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdokdYjyKvkyfjcif;onf tcuftcJ? ppfaMumjcif;ESifh
n§ifyef;ESdyfpufjcif;ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;jcif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f(15-16)wGif &SifaygvkrSmxm0&bk&m;ocifESifh xkdbk&m;\
tHhzG,faomvkyf&yfrsm;tay:ü csD;usL;axmremjyKjcif;rsm;ESifh jynfhvQHíaevsuf
&Sdonf/ ocifa,½Ionfr*Fvm&Sdaomwyg;wnf;aomt&SifjzpfaMumif;
&Sifaygvk uuREkfyfwkdYukdtoday;xm;onf/ olonfbk&m;wumwkdY\bk&m;? bk&if
wum wkdY\bk&ifjzpfonf/ olYtxufürnfolrQr&Sd? t&mtm;vkH;ukdpdk;ykdif
xdef;csKyfxm;onf/ olonfaojcif;ESifhuif;vGwfonf/ olonfxm0&
« 260 »« 259 »
ouf
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rsm;ukd ykHtyfxm;&SdEkdifygonf/
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&GHU&rnfhbk&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifukdrnfolurQrawGYjrifzl;yg/ olonfrsufjrif
r&aombk&m;jzpfí uREkfyfwkdYuJhokdY½kyfcE¨mukdvnf;ykdifqkdifrxm;yg/
bk&m;ocifESifhywfoufaom þtawG;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\pdwfESvkH;ü
jynfhvQufaeonf/ xkdokdYjzpfwnfaejcif;twGuf &SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ocifukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;axmremjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\xkdokdYaomjzpfwnfjcif;ukd
odaomolonf rnfokdYrcsD;rGrf;bJaeEdkifygtHhenf;/ xkdokdYaombk&m;ocif\jzpf
wnfrIrsm;ukdjyefvnfqifjcifESvkH;oGif;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdpdefac:cJh
onf/ wdarmaoonf xkdthHzG,faumif;aombk&m;ocif\ om;awmfuolY
twGufum;wkdifxufü rnfonfht&mukdvkyfaqmifcJhaMumif;tm; tpOfowd&
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vkdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYqufvufí 'l;axmufqufuyfzkdYvkdygonf/
'kwd,tcsuftaejzihf &Sifaygvkajymjyaomt&mrSm bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;zkdY&m tvkH;pkHwkdYukd<u,f0pGmay;oem;rnf[laomtcsufyifjzpf
onf/ þtcsufonf uRefawmfhtwGuftxl;ojzihf pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaeyg
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtrSefwu,fvkdtyfaomt&mukdom ay;rnf
« 262 »« 261 »
ouf
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pkd;pHygvdrhfrnf/ xkdokdYaombk&m;ociftay:wGif uREkfyfwkdY\ukd;pm; ,kHMunfrI
rsm;ukd ykHtyfxm;&SdEkdifygonf/
xkdbk&m;onf tb,folrQrcsOf;uyfEkdifaomtvif;xJü aeawmfrl\/
olonftHhzG,foefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaombk&m;jzpfí uREkfyfwkdY\jzpfwnfrIrsm;
jzifhoGm;írcsOf;uyfEkdifyg/ tjypf'kp½kdufESifholudkcsOf;uyfjcif;onf aoaMuysufpD;
jcif;ESifhtwlwljzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif bk&m;ocifqif;<ucJhaomawmif
ukdcsOf;uyfcJhaomolrSmcsufcsif;aoaMuysufpD;cJhMu&onf/ olonf½kdaoaMumuf
&GHU&rnfhbk&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifukdrnfolurQrawGYjrifzl;yg/ olonfrsufjrif
r&aombk&m;jzpfí uREkfyfwkdYuJhokdY½kyfcE¨mukdvnf;ykdifqkdifrxm;yg/
bk&m;ocifESifhywfoufaom þtawG;rsm;onf &Sifaygvk\pdwfESvkH;ü
jynfhvQufaeonf/ xkdokdYjzpfwnfaejcif;twGuf &SifaygvkrSmbk&m;ocifukd
aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;axmremjyKcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\xkdokdYaomjzpfwnfjcif;ukd
odaomolonf rnfokdYrcsD;rGrf;bJaeEdkifygtHhenf;/ xkdokdYaombk&m;ocif\jzpf
wnfrIrsm;ukdjyefvnfqifjcifESvkH;oGif;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdpdefac:cJh
onf/ wdarmaoonf xkdthHzG,faumif;aombk&m;ocif\ om;awmfuolY
twGufum;wkdifxufü rnfonfht&mukdvkyfaqmifcJhaMumif;tm; tpOfowd&
atmufarhae&efjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf xm0&touf[laomtvif;xJü
&Sifoef&efolYukdvIYHaqmfay;rnfh þt&mrsm;ukdqifjcifae&ayrnf/
aiGaMu;csrf;omaomolwkdYtm; rmefrmeraxmifvTm;MuzkdYqkH;r&ef
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; tMuHjyKxm;onf (i,f 17;19)/ aiGaMu;csrf;om
olwkdY&ifqkdif&aompkHprf;jcif;rSm olwkdYonfr&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;xufykdíta&;yg
onf[kaomtawG;ESifhvkyf&yfyifjzpfonf/ olwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\csrf;om<u,f0jcif;
ukdrukd;pm;zkdY? xkdcsrf;om<u,f0jcif;ü arQmfvifhcsufrsm;ukdrwnfaqmufMuzkdY
wdarmaorSpdefac:&ayrnf/ olwkdY\csrf;om<u,f0rIonf rwnfjrJaomt&m
jzpfírnfonfhtcsdefürqkd csufcsif;vGifhaysmufoGm;Ekdifygonf/ 4if;tpm; olwkdY
\b0aysmf&TifrItwGuf vdktyfonfht&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd axmufray;urf;rnfh
bk&m;ociftxHü 4if;wkdYarQmfvifhjcif;ukdxm;&SdMu&rnfjzpfonf/ þusrf;ykd'fwGif
uREkfyfwkdYavhvmp&mtcsufESpfcsuf&Sdonf/
yxrtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\,kHMunfukd;pm;rIukd bk&m;ocifür[kwfyJ
uREkfyfwkdY\csrf;om<u,f0rIüxm;&Sd&efrSm tb,frQvG,fulaomt&mjzpfoenf;
[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ aiGaMu;jzihfrajz&Sif;Ekdifaomtcgü bk&m;ocifvkdtyf
aMumif;ukdodjrifcHpm;&efrSm tvGefvG,fulygonf/ ajrmufjrm;pGmaomtcsdefwGif
bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdY\rwwfomonfhtqkH; usifhokH;&onfhenf;vrf;jzpfcJh
onf/ tptOD;üyif bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfukd;pm;&rnfhtpm; aemufqkH;a&G;cs,f
zkdYtjcm;aomenf;vrf;r&Sdaomtcgüom uREkfyfwkdYqkawmif;wwfMuonf/ þ
onfrSmaiGaMu;csrf;omolrsm;twGuf txl;pkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wpfckyifjzpf
onf/ okdYaomf &SifaygvkuolwkdYtm; rdrdwkdY\ukd,fhukdukd,f,kHMunftm;xm;rI
rsm;ukdpGefYvTwfí bk&m;ocifukdom,HkMunfukd;pm;MuzkdYpdefac:cJhygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY
rnfokdYcsrf;om<u,f0aeapumrl bk&m;ocifukdqufvufí ,kHMunfukd;pm;zkdY
vkdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYqufvufí 'l;axmufqufuyfzkdYvkdygonf/
'kwd,tcsuftaejzihf &Sifaygvkajymjyaomt&mrSm bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyfwkdYcHpm;zkdY&m tvkH;pkHwkdYukd<u,f0pGmay;oem;rnf[laomtcsufyifjzpf
onf/ þtcsufonf uRefawmfhtwGuftxl;ojzihf pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaeyg
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYtrSefwu,fvkdtyfaomt&mukdom ay;rnf
« 262 »« 261 »
ouf
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[laomtawG;axmifacsmufü tBudrfrnfrQuREkfyfwkdYuscJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ bk&m;
ocifonfrmaMumcufxefaomolr[kwfyg/ rdrd\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;ukdvnf;
ukd,fhtzkdYxdefcsefrxm;yg/ trSefqkd&vQif bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYtay:üxkd
aumif;BuD;rkd;rsm;ukdoGef;avmif;aejcif;ukd 0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeaomoljzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdom txl;*½kpkdufaeonfr[kwf uREkfyfwkdYaysmf&Tif
cHpm;zkdYtwGuf t&mtm;vkH;ukdaxmufyHhay;urf;vkdygonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; csrf;om<u,f0aomolwkdYukd aumif;aom
tusifhü<u,f0jynfhpkHMu&efESifh bk&m;ocifxHrS&&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd pGefYMuJcsif
aomapwempdwf&SdMu&ef wkdufwGef;rdefYrSmzkdYajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdwkdY
\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;ygrnf[laomtcsufukdem;vnfoabm
aygufíþt&mrsm;ukdjyKvkyfMu&rnf/
olwkdYonfapwempdwfjzihf ay;urf;pGefYMuJjcif;ukdjyKvkyfvQif bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;rnfomr[kwf? xkdokdYaomay;urf;
jcif;tm;jzifh olwkdYonftxufaumif;uifü rdrdwkdY\b@mukdokdrSD;pkaqmif;ae
MuaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ þonfrSm wdarmaotm;xm0&wnf;[laomtvif;ü
aexkdif&Sifoef&efpdefac:cJhpOfu &Sifaygvk&nfñTef;vkdaomteuft"dyÜg,f\
tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ pnf;pdrfb@mukd þb0twGufokdrSD;xm;rnfhtpm;
aiGaMu;<u,f0olrsm;onf aemifb0twGufukdvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\avmuDbPfaiGpm&if;ukd wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmaprnfhtpm;
bk&m; ocifay;tyfxm;aom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd olwpfyg;tm;ay;urf;
pGefYMuJulnDjcif;jzihf aumif;uifbPfaiGpm&if;ukd wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;apMu&rnf/
wdarmaotwGuf &Sifaygvk\aemufqkH;vIHYaqmftMuHjyKcsufrSm ol\
apmifha&SmufrIatmufü ,kHMunfítyfESHxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd xdef;odef;apmifh
a&SmufzkdYjzpfonf/ þusrf;abmift&MunfhrnfqkdvQif &SifaygvkonfEIwfuywf
awmf\or®mw&m;ukd&nfñTef;ajymqkdaMumif; þusrf;ykd'fuñTefjyxm;onf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; w&m;rJhaompum;rsm;ESifhvGJrSm;aomt,ltqrsm;
ukda&Smif&Sm;jcif;jzihf þor®mw&m;ukdumuG,fapmihfa&Smuf&efajymcJhonf/ rsm;pGm
aomolwkdYonf vlom;wkdY\vGJrSm;aomt,ltqtawG;tac:rsm;\om;
aumifjzpfMu&rnf/ xkdokdYaomom;aumifb0jzihf or®mw&m;ESifha0;vsufvrf;
aysmufaeMuonf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; ,kHMunfítyfEsHxm;aomxkd
or®mw&m;ukdtaumif;qkH;umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ wdarm
aoonf xkdor®mw&m;udka[majym&rnf? ,kHMunf&rnf? xkdor®mw&m;twkdif;
usifhMuHaexkdif&rnfjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;twGuf aumif;aomwkdufvSefjcif;
ukdjyKí tjcm;aomt,ltqvGJrsm;ukd oGefoifay;aomolwkdYukd a&Smif&Sm;&rnf
jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;aomtoufwmukd &Sifoefaexkdif&efrSmvG,ful
rnfht&mawmhr[kwfyg/ xkdodkYusihfMuHaexkdif&efrSm uREkfyfwkdYbufrSBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIESifhcHEkdif&nf&SdrIwkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ociftvkd&Sdaom a,mufsm;? rdef;r
rsm;tjzpfukduREkfyfwkdY&&SdvkdvQif wdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;aom &Sifaygvk\
vIHYaqmftMuHjyKcsufrsm;ukd tav;teufxm;í usifhMuHvkyfaqmif&ayrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifonfrnfokdYaompkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsKd;rS xGufajy;vTwf
ajrmuf&efvkdtyfygoenf;/
c&pf,meftoufwmqkdonfrSm wkdufyGJwpfckjzpfonf[laom taMumif;
« 264 »« 263 »
ouf
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[laomtawG;axmifacsmufü tBudrfrnfrQuREkfyfwkdYuscJhMuzl;ygoenf;/ bk&m;
ocifonfrmaMumcufxefaomolr[kwfyg/ rdrd\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;ukdvnf;
ukd,fhtzkdYxdefcsefrxm;yg/ trSefqkd&vQif bk&m;ocifonfuREkfyfwkdYtay:üxkd
aumif;BuD;rkd;rsm;ukdoGef;avmif;aejcif;ukd 0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeaomoljzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdom txl;*½kpkdufaeonfr[kwf uREkfyfwkdYaysmf&Tif
cHpm;zkdYtwGuf t&mtm;vkH;ukdaxmufyHhay;urf;vkdygonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; csrf;om<u,f0aomolwkdYukd aumif;aom
tusifhü<u,f0jynfhpkHMu&efESifh bk&m;ocifxHrS&&Sdaomt&mrsm;ukd pGefYMuJcsif
aomapwempdwf&SdMu&ef wkdufwGef;rdefYrSmzkdYajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdwkdY
\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukdvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;ygrnf[laomtcsufukdem;vnfoabm
aygufíþt&mrsm;ukdjyKvkyfMu&rnf/
olwkdYonfapwempdwfjzihf ay;urf;pGefYMuJjcif;ukdjyKvkyfvQif bk&m;ocif
onfolwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;rnfomr[kwf? xkdokdYaomay;urf;
jcif;tm;jzifh olwkdYonftxufaumif;uifü rdrdwkdY\b@mukdokdrSD;pkaqmif;ae
MuaMumif;ukdowdjyKyg/ þonfrSm wdarmaotm;xm0&wnf;[laomtvif;ü
aexkdif&Sifoef&efpdefac:cJhpOfu &Sifaygvk&nfñTef;vkdaomteuft"dyÜg,f\
tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfonf/ pnf;pdrfb@mukd þb0twGufokdrSD;xm;rnfhtpm;
aiGaMu;<u,f0olrsm;onf aemifb0twGufukdvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Mu&rnf
jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY\avmuDbPfaiGpm&if;ukd wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;vmaprnfhtpm;
bk&m; ocifay;tyfxm;aom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd olwpfyg;tm;ay;urf;
pGefYMuJulnDjcif;jzihf aumif;uifbPfaiGpm&if;ukd wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;apMu&rnf/
wdarmaotwGuf &Sifaygvk\aemufqkH;vIHYaqmftMuHjyKcsufrSm ol\
apmifha&SmufrIatmufü ,kHMunfítyfESHxm;aomt&mrsm;ukd xdef;odef;apmifh
a&SmufzkdYjzpfonf/ þusrf;abmift&MunfhrnfqkdvQif &SifaygvkonfEIwfuywf
awmf\or®mw&m;ukd&nfñTef;ajymqkdaMumif; þusrf;ykd'fuñTefjyxm;onf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; w&m;rJhaompum;rsm;ESifhvGJrSm;aomt,ltqrsm;
ukda&Smif&Sm;jcif;jzihf þor®mw&m;ukdumuG,fapmihfa&Smuf&efajymcJhonf/ rsm;pGm
aomolwkdYonf vlom;wkdY\vGJrSm;aomt,ltqtawG;tac:rsm;\om;
aumifjzpfMu&rnf/ xkdokdYaomom;aumifb0jzihf or®mw&m;ESifha0;vsufvrf;
aysmufaeMuonf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; ,kHMunfítyfEsHxm;aomxkd
or®mw&m;ukdtaumif;qkH;umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ wdarm
aoonf xkdor®mw&m;udka[majym&rnf? ,kHMunf&rnf? xkdor®mw&m;twkdif;
usifhMuHaexkdif&rnfjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;twGuf aumif;aomwkdufvSefjcif;
ukdjyKí tjcm;aomt,ltqvGJrsm;ukd oGefoifay;aomolwkdYukd a&Smif&Sm;&rnf
jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifjy|mef;xm;aomtoufwmukd &Sifoefaexkdif&efrSmvG,ful
rnfht&mawmhr[kwfyg/ xkdodkYusihfMuHaexkdif&efrSm uREkfyfwkdYbufrSBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIESifhcHEkdif&nf&SdrIwkdYvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;ociftvkd&Sdaom a,mufsm;? rdef;r
rsm;tjzpfukduREkfyfwkdY&&SdvkdvQif wdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;aom &Sifaygvk\
vIHYaqmftMuHjyKcsufrsm;ukd tav;teufxm;í usifhMuHvkyfaqmif&ayrnf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,aeYwGif oifonfrnfokdYaompkHprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsKd;rS xGufajy;vTwf
ajrmuf&efvkdtyfygoenf;/
c&pf,meftoufwmqkdonfrSm wkdufyGJwpfckjzpfonf[laom taMumif;
« 264 »« 263 »
ouf
ooooo
t&mESifhywfoufí þtykdif;wGifoifrnfonfht&mukd avhvmoif,l
&ygoenf;/ t&mtm;vkH;vG,fulacsmarGYzkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY arQmfvifhxm;ygo
vm;/ rnfuJhokdYaomwkdufyGJrsKd;ukd oif&ifqkdif&ef&Sdygoenf;/
xm0&toufukdukdif,ljcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ oif\pdwfESvkH;ü
xm0&[laomt,ltqESifh &Sifoefaexkdifaeygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ay;urf;pGefYMuJjcif;ESifhywfoufí uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l
Mu&ygoenf;/bk&m;ocifonf ESajrmwGefYqkwfvsufay;urf;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfukd;pm;&rnfhtpm; oifh&JUykdifqkdifrIt&if;tjrpfrsm;
ukdoif,kHMunfukd;pm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYaom
pdefac:csufukday;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ociftay:ü4if;? EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if; opöm&SdwnfMunf
aomoljzpfzkdY xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufay;&ef apmifha&Smufyg/
xm0&[laomt&müpdwfESvkH;ukd&nfrSwfxm;&eftwGuf4if;? þavmu
twGufom&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;rS uG,fumay;&eftwGuf4if; awmif;
a&Smufyg/
udk,fawmfonf&ufa&mpGmay;urf;aeonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;
yg/ þokdYaom&ufa&mjcif;pdwfESvkH;ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;a&Smufyg/
tqkH;xdwkdifwnfMunfzkdYtwGuf4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;twGufaumif;rGef
aomwkdufvSefjcif;ukdjyKvkyfEkdifzkdYtwGuf4if; cGeftm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;
zkdYbk&m;ociftxHüqkawmif;yg/
26
&SufaMumufjcif;r&SdESifh
2 wd 1;1-18
þpmapmifonf &Sifaygvkurdrd\0dnmOfom;jzpfaom wdarmaotm;
ay;ykdYcJhaom'kwd,ajrmufpmapmifjzpfonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfESifhocif
a,½I\trIawmfukdaqmif&Gufjcif;tm; qxufwykd;wkd;ívkyfaqmif&efwdarm
aotm;pdefac:cJhonfukdMunfhvQif wdarmaotay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\
pdwfxm;ESifh&nf&G,fcsufrSmxif&Sm;aeygonf/
&Sifaygvkuukd,fhukdukd,frdwfqufay;jcif;jzihf þpmapmifukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ þodkYaomrdwfqufjcif;ukd wdarmaovkdtyfcJhaomaMumifhr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYrSwfom;xm;zkdY ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\qifhac:
jcif;ukdtvGef*kPf,laecJhonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ wdarmaotm;rdrdonf
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmft& ocifc&pfawmf\wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfae&
aMumif;&Sifaygvkuvnf;today;cJhonf/ þtrIawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifu
&Sifaygvkukda&G;cs,fcJhonf/ þtcef;u@twGuf qifhac:cH&jcif;onftHzG,f
tcGifhta&;wpfyg;jzpfaMumif;? csD;usL;*kPfjyKcH&jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfaMumif;ukd
&SifaygvkrarhaysmufcJhyg/ olonfocifa,½Ic&pfüwnfaom toufukday;rnf
[k*wdawmfESifhtnD wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfcJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ toufukday;
rnf[laom*wdawmfrSm &Sifaygvka[majymaeaomw&m;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½I
onftjypf'kp½kdufukdcGifhvTwfjcif;tm;jzihf toufukday;urf;zkdY<uqif;vmcJhonf/
« 265 »
ouf
ooooo
t&mESifhywfoufí þtykdif;wGifoifrnfonfht&mukd avhvmoif,l
&ygoenf;/ t&mtm;vkH;vG,fulacsmarGYzkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY arQmfvifhxm;ygo
vm;/ rnfuJhokdYaomwkdufyGJrsKd;ukd oif&ifqkdif&ef&Sdygoenf;/
xm0&toufukdukdif,ljcif;qkdonfrSmtb,fenf;/ oif\pdwfESvkH;ü
xm0&[laomt,ltqESifh &Sifoefaexkdifaeygovm;/
bk&m;ocif\ay;urf;pGefYMuJjcif;ESifhywfoufí uREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l
Mu&ygoenf;/bk&m;ocifonf ESajrmwGefYqkwfvsufay;urf;ygovm;/
bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfukd;pm;&rnfhtpm; oifh&JUykdifqkdifrIt&if;tjrpfrsm;
ukdoif,kHMunfukd;pm;cJhzl;ygovm;/ &SifaygvkuuREkfyfwkdYtm;rnfokdYaom
pdefac:csufukday;ygoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
bk&m;ociftay:ü4if;? EIwfuywfawmftay:ü4if; opöm&SdwnfMunf
aomoljzpfzkdY xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufay;&ef apmifha&Smufyg/
xm0&[laomt&müpdwfESvkH;ukd&nfrSwfxm;&eftwGuf4if;? þavmu
twGufom&Sifoefaexkdifjcif;rS uG,fumay;&eftwGuf4if; awmif;
a&Smufyg/
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yg/ þokdYaom&ufa&mjcif;pdwfESvkH;ukd ay;oem;zkdYawmif;a&Smufyg/
tqkH;xdwkdifwnfMunfzkdYtwGuf4if;? ,kHMunfjcif;twGufaumif;rGef
aomwkdufvSefjcif;ukdjyKvkyfEkdifzkdYtwGuf4if; cGeftm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;
zkdYbk&m;ociftxHüqkawmif;yg/
26
&SufaMumufjcif;r&SdESifh
2 wd 1;1-18
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ay;ykdYcJhaom'kwd,ajrmufpmapmifjzpfonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfESifhocif
a,½I\trIawmfukdaqmif&Gufjcif;tm; qxufwykd;wkd;ívkyfaqmif&efwdarm
aotm;pdefac:cJhonfukdMunfhvQif wdarmaotay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\
pdwfxm;ESifh&nf&G,fcsufrSmxif&Sm;aeygonf/
&Sifaygvkuukd,fhukdukd,frdwfqufay;jcif;jzihf þpmapmifukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ þodkYaomrdwfqufjcif;ukd wdarmaovkdtyfcJhaomaMumifhr[kwfyg/
uREkfyfwkdYrSwfom;xm;zkdY ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\qifhac:
jcif;ukdtvGef*kPf,laecJhonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ wdarmaotm;rdrdonf
bk&m;ocif\tvkdawmft& ocifc&pfawmf\wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfae&
aMumif;&Sifaygvkuvnf;today;cJhonf/ þtrIawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifu
&Sifaygvkukda&G;cs,fcJhonf/ þtcef;u@twGuf qifhac:cH&jcif;onftHzG,f
tcGifhta&;wpfyg;jzpfaMumif;? csD;usL;*kPfjyKcH&jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfaMumif;ukd
&SifaygvkrarhaysmufcJhyg/ olonfocifa,½Ic&pfüwnfaom toufukday;rnf
[k*wdawmfESifhtnD wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfcJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ toufukday;
rnf[laom*wdawmfrSm &Sifaygvka[majymaeaomw&m;jzpfonf/ ocifa,½I
onftjypf'kp½kdufukdcGifhvTwfjcif;tm;jzihf toufukday;urf;zkdY<uqif;vmcJhonf/
« 265 »
ouf
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wpfyg;tjzpfa&G;cs,fcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkurdrdcspf&aomom;wpfa,mufuJhokdY rSwf,lxm;aomwdarm
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onfhtavsmuf wdarmaowpfa,mufocifbk&m;ü jzpfvmEkdifacs&Sdaomt&m
rsm;tm;vkH;jzpfvmzkYd &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzifh bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;? *½kPm? Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYukdawGYMuKHcHpm;EkdifzkdYrSm &Sifaygvk\qE´
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csuf&Sdonf/
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ESifhtwlcpm;cJhonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukdcpm;&mü rrSefaom
pdwfoabmxm;rsm;r&SdcJhyg/ rdrdESifhrdrd\bk&m;ocifwkdYtMum;ü rnfonfht&m
rQr&Sdyg/ olonf ocifbk&m;ukd,fawmfukd,fwkdif 0ifa&mufpD;qif;oGm;Ekdifonfh
oefY&Sif;aomtokH;cHwefqmoufoufomjzpfcJhonf/
'kwd,tcsufrSm &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\qkawmif;csufrsm;ü wdarmaoukd
aeYnOhfrjywfowd&atmufarhaeaMumif;jzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&monf wdarm
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awmfBuD;&Sifaygvku aeYnOfhrjywfbk&m;ocifxHü qkawmif;ay;aeaMumif;ukd
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wdarmaotay:xm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udk þ
usrf;ykd'fwGifowdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvk uwdarmao rsuf&nfus
cJhjcif; taMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ xkdrsuf&nfrsm; rnfonfhtcsdefu
uscJhonfukdrlajymjyrxm;yg/ {zufNrdKUütrIawmfaqmif&ef twGuf&Sifaygvk
ukdxm;&pfcJh&onfhtcsdefü jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ txl;odom xif&Sm;aeonfh
tcsufrSm xkdrsuf&nfrsm;aMumifh &SifaygvkrSmwkdYxdcHcJh&NyD; wdarmaoukd
awGYcsifpdwfykdíjyif;jyvmcJh&onf/
wdarmaoonf ocifbk&m;ukdcspfaomtbGm;jzpfolESifhtwl rdom;pkxJ
üBuD;jyif;vmcJholjzpfonf/ tbGm;jzpfol\,kHMunfjcif;ukd wdarmao\rdcifxH
vufqifhurf;tarGay;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifxkd,kHMunfjcif;rD;awmufukd wdarmaou
qufvufo,faqmifcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aomqkaus;Zl;ukd qufvufEId;aqmfaezkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdpdefac:cJhonf/ xkdqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdvufwifr*Fvmay;
jcif;jzifhay;tyfcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;jzihf wdarmaoonf
rdrd\,kHMunfjcif;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdYvufqifhurf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;vmatmifvkyf
aqmifMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;onf waiGYaiGYESifhavmifuRrf;aeaomrD;
uJhokdYjzpfonf/ tokH;rjyKyJypfxm;vQif Nidrf;aooGm;Ekdifaomoabm&Sdonf/
tjcm;wzufwGif þt&mrsm;ukdrD;awmufrsm;tjzpfodYk ,yfcwfay;EdkdifNyD;bk&m;
ocifhEkdifiHawmftwGuf vGefpGmtokH;0ifaomt&mrsm;jzpfvmEkdifaponf/ þqk
« 268 »« 267 »
ouf
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wpfyg;tjzpfa&G;cs,fcJhonf/
&Sifaygvkurdrdcspf&aomom;wpfa,mufuJhokdY rSwf,lxm;aomwdarm
aoukdþpmapmiftm;a&;ykdYcJhonf/ wdarmaotwGuf 0dnmOfzcifwpfOD;jzpfcJh
onfhtavsmuf wdarmaowpfa,mufocifbk&m;ü jzpfvmEkdifacs&Sdaomt&m
rsm;tm;vkH;jzpfvmzkYd &Sifaygvktvkd&SdcJhonf/ wdarmaotaejzifh bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;? *½kPm? Nidrfoufjcif;wkdYukdawGYMuKHcHpm;EkdifzkdYrSm &Sifaygvk\qE´
jzpfaMumif; tcef;i,f(2)wGifowdjyKyg/
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aompdwfMunfvifjcif;ESifhwuG cpm;aeonfhtvsmuf rdrd\qkawmif;csufrsm;ü
wdarmaoukdrjcm;rvyfatmufarhaerItwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wif
aMumif;ajymjycJhonf/ þae&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYrSwfom;xm;zkdYvkdonfhtcsufESpf
csuf&Sdonf/
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ESifhtwlcpm;cJhonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;ukdcpm;&mü rrSefaom
pdwfoabmxm;rsm;r&SdcJhyg/ rdrdESifhrdrd\bk&m;ocifwkdYtMum;ü rnfonfht&m
rQr&Sdyg/ olonf ocifbk&m;ukd,fawmfukd,fwkdif 0ifa&mufpD;qif;oGm;Ekdifonfh
oefY&Sif;aomtokH;cHwefqmoufoufomjzpfcJhonf/
'kwd,tcsufrSm &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\qkawmif;csufrsm;ü wdarmaoukd
aeYnOhfrjywfowd&atmufarhaeaMumif;jzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&monf wdarm
aotwGuftb,frQcGeftm;,lp&mjzpfygrnfenf;/ olYukd,fpm;xif&Sm;aomwref
awmfBuD;&Sifaygvku aeYnOfhrjywfbk&m;ocifxHü qkawmif;ay;aeaMumif;ukd
od&jcif;onf wdarmaotwGuftb,frQBuD;rm;aom aumif;BuD;r*FvmjzpfcJh
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tb,frQpkd;&drfywfoufay;aecJhaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYtm;odapcJhonf/
wdarmaotay:xm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udk þ
usrf;ykd'fwGifowdjyKyg/ tcef;i,f(4)wGif &Sifaygvk uwdarmao rsuf&nfus
cJhjcif; taMumif;ukdajymjyxm;onf/ xkdrsuf&nfrsm; rnfonfhtcsdefu
uscJhonfukdrlajymjyrxm;yg/ {zufNrdKUütrIawmfaqmif&ef twGuf&Sifaygvk
ukdxm;&pfcJh&onfhtcsdefü jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ txl;odom xif&Sm;aeonfh
tcsufrSm xkdrsuf&nfrsm;aMumifh &SifaygvkrSmwkdYxdcHcJh&NyD; wdarmaoukd
awGYcsifpdwfykdíjyif;jyvmcJh&onf/
wdarmaoonf ocifbk&m;ukdcspfaomtbGm;jzpfolESifhtwl rdom;pkxJ
üBuD;jyif;vmcJholjzpfonf/ tbGm;jzpfol\,kHMunfjcif;ukd wdarmao\rdcifxH
vufqifhurf;tarGay;cJhonf/ ,ckwGifxkd,kHMunfjcif;rD;awmufukd wdarmaou
qufvufo,faqmifcJhonf/
bk&m;ocifay;tyfxm;aomqkaus;Zl;ukd qufvufEId;aqmfaezkdY
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdpdefac:cJhonf/ xkdqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdvufwifr*Fvmay;
jcif;jzifhay;tyfcJhaomt&mjzpfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;jzihf wdarmaoonf
rdrd\,kHMunfjcif;ukd tjcm;olrsm;xHokdYvufqifhurf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\0dnmOfpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;vmatmifvkyf
aqmifMuzkdYvkdtyfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;onf waiGYaiGYESifhavmifuRrf;aeaomrD;
uJhokdYjzpfonf/ tokH;rjyKyJypfxm;vQif Nidrf;aooGm;Ekdifaomoabm&Sdonf/
tjcm;wzufwGif þt&mrsm;ukdrD;awmufrsm;tjzpfodYk ,yfcwfay;EdkdifNyD;bk&m;
ocifhEkdifiHawmftwGuf vGefpGmtokH;0ifaomt&mrsm;jzpfvmEkdifaponf/ þqk
« 268 »« 267 »
ouf
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xl;jcm;aom enf;vrf;wpfckjzihf trIawmfukdxrf;aqmif&ef bk&m;ocif
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uRrf;usif&mykdifEkdif&mü oifhukdtokH;jyKvkdygonf/ oifvkyfaqmifaom
trIawmfonf xl;jcm;aeygvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;olrsm;vkyfaqmifaomtrIawmfESihf
wlrnfr[kwfyg/ c&pfawmf\ukd,fcE¨mawmfü xl;jcm;aomu@wpfck
ukdvkyfaqmifzkdY oifhü&Sdaeonf/ bk&m; ocif\EkdifiHawmfü xl;jcm;aom
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aMumufwwfaompdwfoabmudkray;cJhaMumif; today;cJhonf/
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bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftwGuf tokH;0ifrnfr[kwfMuyg/ aMumufwwfaom
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awmfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf uREkfyfwkdYtxJü&Sdjcif;ESifhtwluREkfyf
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tprJhrIESifh,kHMunfpdwfcsjcif;enf;yg;rI pdwfcHpm;csufrsm;wGifaMumhrdaechJMuonf/
« 270 »« 269 »
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uRrf;usif&mykdifEkdif&mü oifhukdtokH;jyKvkdygonf/ oifvkyfaqmifaom
trIawmfonf xl;jcm;aeygvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;olrsm;vkyfaqmifaomtrIawmfESihf
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ukdvkyfaqmifzkdY oifhü&Sdaeonf/ bk&m; ocif\EkdifiHawmfü xl;jcm;aom
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us,fjyefYvmapzkdY bk&m;ocifay;xm;aom qkaus;Zl;rsm;ukd rD;awmufrsm;
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« 270 »« 269 »
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rnf/ xkdpdwfESvkH;onf wpfckwnf;aomt&mukdom tm½kHpkdufaompdwfjzpfonf/
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vQifum;wkdifxufrSmqif;cJh&rnf[k ajymcJhMuonf (róJ 27;40)/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf tjypfw&m;\&v'ftjzpf þavmuüawGYMuKHcHpm;
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ppfol&JwkdYonf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdawGYMuKH&rnfhtaMumif;ukdodvsufESifh wkdufyGJukd
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cspfwwfaompdwfukdvnf;ay;xm;ygonf/ cspfjcif;arwåmrygaomwefckd;tmPm
onf tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;onf/ cspfjcif;arwåmudktoufwmü vufawGYjyojcif;
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rnf/ xkdpdwfESvkH;onf wpfckwnf;aomt&mukdom tm½kHpkdufaompdwfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf wdarmaotm;weffckd;ygaompdwf? cspfwwfaompdwf?
ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;aompdwfwkdYukday;xm;onf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh olonf
ocifa,½ItaMumif;ukd oufaocH&mü &SufaMumufaezkdYrvkdawmhyg/ &Sifaygvk
\toufwmukdMunfhí bk&m;ocifonf&SifaygvktrIawmfaqmif&mütrsKd;rsKd;
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oifhaecJhaomolrsm;&SdcJhonf/ tvm;wlar;cGef;rsKd;ukd ocifa,½Itay:üvnf;
ar;cJhMuonf/ olwkdYuocifa,½Itm; olomvQifbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfcJh
vQifum;wkdifxufrSmqif;cJh&rnf[k ajymcJhMuonf (róJ 27;40)/
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf tjypfw&m;\&v'ftjzpf þavmuüawGYMuKHcHpm;
&aomt&mjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukdtoday;cJhonf/ vlwkdYuocif
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aeMujcif;aMumifh xkdw&m;awmfukda[majymzkdY &SufaMumufae&rnfr[kwfyg/
ppfol&JwkdYonf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdawGYMuKH&rnfhtaMumif;ukdodvsufESifh wkdufyGJukd
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'ku©ukd*kPf,l0ifh<um;jcif;jzihfxkd;ESufí tEkdif,lcJhMuygonf/ olwkdYonfjrihfjrwfí
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ESifhxm0&uif;uGm&rnfhtajctaeukd uREkfyfwkdYtwGufvsmxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
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tjypfrsm;ukdcGifhvTwfay;í rdrd\om;orD;rsm;tjzpfzefwD;cJhonf/ oefY&Sif;aom
toufwmjzihf&Sifoefaexkdif&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdoD;jcm;cGJcefYxm;onf/ oefY&Sif;aom
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bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&&Sifoefjcif;[laomarQmfvifhcsuf&Sdaeyg
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w&m;awmf\or®mw&m;ü &Sifoefaexkdif&efvrf;jyzkdYrSm &Sifaygvk\wm0efjzpf
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« 274 »« 273 »
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axmifeef;pHae&jcif;twGuf &Sifaygvkü&SufaMumufjcif;r&SdcJhyg/ rdrda[majym
aomt&mtay:ü ,kHMunfrItjynfh&SdcJhonf/ tusOf;axmif\tcef;usOf;av;
wJüaepOfwGifvnf; ocifa,½IonfolYukdpGefYypfoGm;rnfr[kwf[k av;av;
eufeufoabmaygufxm;onf/ rdrdtxJütpjyKcJhaomtvkyfukd tqkH;wkdif
atmifocifbk&m;uvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfhtaMumif;ukd t<uif;rJh,kHMunfxm;
onf/ bk&m;ociftay:üxm;&Sdaom rdrd\,kHMunfpdwfcsrIukd þqif;&Jjcif;
'ku©rsm;uvrf;vTJoGm;aprnfhtcGifhrsKd;ukd &SifaygvktjzpfrcHyg/
rdrd&ifqkdifae&aom ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;onf tvGefqkd;0g;ae
onf[kxif&aomfvnf; rdrdukd;uG,faombk&m;ocifonf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;
ukdxdef;csKyfxm;aMumif; &Sifaygvkt<uif;rJhem;vnfoabmaygufxm;onf/
« 274 »« 273 »
ouf
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tcsKyftcsmtmPm&Sif bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdrnf
onfht&murQ&yfwefYEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ þt&monf &Sifaygvktm;acgif;armhí
&ifaumhvsuf *kPf,l0ifh<um;apaomt&mjzpfonf/ &efolurdrdtay:ürnfodkY
aomt&mrsKd;ukdvkyfcJhonfjzpfap rdrd\t&Sifocifukdk,fawmftm;zufwG,fxm;
jcif;ESifh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh wkdufyGJukdrdrdtEkdif&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
odaecJhonf/
,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;wkdYESifhwuG ay;tyfxm;aomoGefoifcsufukd*½k
wpkdufvkdufavQmufusifhokH;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; tcef;i,f(13)wGif
wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ rSefuefoihfwifhaomt,l0g'ukd vufcH,kHMunfaomf
vnf;ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;okdYb,faomtcgwGifrQ a&mufrvmjcif;rSm
vnf;tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufjzpfjcif;onf
wdusjywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdukdifxm;jcif; (okdY) uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
aexkdifykHrsm;jzifh&Sifoefaexkdifjcif; oufoufxufykdygonf/ trnfcHtm;jzihf
c&pf,mefjzpfaeoltajrmuftjrm;&SdMuygonf/ olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\
oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdvkdufemusihfokH;íocifc&pfawmfuaexkdifapvkdaomtouf
wmrsKd;jzifhaexkdifusihfMuHMuaomfvnf; rdrdwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf ocifc&pf
awmfwpfyg;wnf;ukdrl vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;r,kHMunfcJhMuyg/ þoGefoifcsufukdocif
c&pfawmfü ,kHMunfjcif;jzifhtoufwmü xdef;odrf;usifhMuH&ef &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdajymjyxm;ygonf/
'kwd,taejzihf owdxm;qifjcif&rnfhtcsufrSm wdarmaoonfrdrd
vufcH&&Sdxm;aomoGefoifcsufukdcspfjcif;arwåmESifhtwl toufwmüxdef;odrf;
usihfMuH&efjzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY,kHMunfxm;aomor®mw&m;ü jyif;xefjywfom;Mu
aomfvnf; rdrdwkdY,kHMunfxm;onfhtwkdif; oa0rwdrf;r,kHMunfaomolwkdY
tay:ürl onf;cHpdwftenf;i,fom&SdMuonfh toif;awmfrsm;ukduREkfyfawGYzl;
onf/ rSefuefaomt,l0g'tm;vkH;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHxm;aomfvnf; tcsif;csif;
tMum;ütenf;i,faomcspfjcif;arwåmukdom jyoMuaomtoif;awmfrsKd;wGif
vnf;uREkfyfyg0ifcJhzl;onf/ or®mw&m;onf 4if;\jzpfwnfrIwpfckwnf;üqkd
vQifrvkHavmufyg/ qkdvkdonfrSm or®mw&m;ukdodxm;½kHoufoufonf
vkHavmufrIr&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd pdwfESvkH;t<uif;rJh? tpGrf;owåd
&SdorQ? OmPf&SdorQESifhcspfí udk,fESifhpyfqkdifaomolukd ukd,fESifhtrQcspfjcif;onf
tBuD;jrwfqkH;aomynwfjzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmu&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymxm;
onf(vkum? 10;27)/ oifonfor®mw&m;ukd EIdufEIdufcRwfcRwfod&SdEkdifaomf
vnf;c&pf,meftoufwmwGifrl pdwfysufp&maumif;avmufatmif wm0ef
rausjzpfaeEkdifonf/ taMumif;rSm oifonfc&pfawmfucspfapcJhonfhtwkdif;
rcspfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olYütyfxm;aomt&mjrwfukduG,fum
apmifha&SmufzkdYkukdvnf; cGeftm;ay;xm;onf (i,f 14)/ þtyfxm;aomt&m
jrwfqkdonfrSm ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf<uvmawmfrlí vkyfaqmifNyD;ajrmufapcJh
aomtaMumif;ukdajymjyaom or®mw&m;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;abmiftm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdem;vnfEkdifonf/ þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeonfh tyfxm;aom
t&mjrwfqkdonfrSm owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftaMumif;
ESifhxkdowif;aumif;w&m;u aqmif,lvmonfh topfaomtoufwmjzpf
aMumif;,lq&onf/ þtHhzG,faumif;aom or®mw&m;ukdrsufcsnfrjywfapmifh
xdef;zkdY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ wdarmaoonf
« 276 »« 275 »
ouf
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tcsKyftcsmtmPm&Sif bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnfESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukdrnf
onfht&murQ&yfwefYEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ þt&monf &Sifaygvktm;acgif;armhí
&ifaumhvsuf *kPf,l0ifh<um;apaomt&mjzpfonf/ &efolurdrdtay:ürnfodkY
aomt&mrsKd;ukdvkyfcJhonfjzpfap rdrd\t&Sifocifukdk,fawmftm;zufwG,fxm;
jcif;ESifh,kHMunfukd;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh wkdufyGJukdrdrdtEkdif&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
odaecJhonf/
,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;wkdYESifhwuG ay;tyfxm;aomoGefoifcsufukd*½k
wpkdufvkdufavQmufusifhokH;&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; tcef;i,f(13)wGif
wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ rSefuefoihfwifhaomt,l0g'ukd vufcH,kHMunfaomf
vnf;ocifbk&m;ukd ,kHMunfjcif;okdYb,faomtcgwGifrQ a&mufrvmjcif;rSm
vnf;tvGefjzpfEkdifacs&Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufjzpfjcif;onf
wdusjywfom;aom oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdukdifxm;jcif; (okdY) uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
aexkdifykHrsm;jzifh&Sifoefaexkdifjcif; oufoufxufykdygonf/ trnfcHtm;jzihf
c&pf,mefjzpfaeoltajrmuftjrm;&SdMuygonf/ olwkdYonfocifc&pfawmf\
oGefoifcsufrsm;ukdvkdufemusihfokH;íocifc&pfawmfuaexkdifapvkdaomtouf
wmrsKd;jzifhaexkdifusihfMuHMuaomfvnf; rdrdwkdY\u,fwifjcif;twGuf ocifc&pf
awmfwpfyg;wnf;ukdrl vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;r,kHMunfcJhMuyg/ þoGefoifcsufukdocif
c&pfawmfü ,kHMunfjcif;jzifhtoufwmü xdef;odrf;usifhMuH&ef &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoukdajymjyxm;ygonf/
'kwd,taejzihf owdxm;qifjcif&rnfhtcsufrSm wdarmaoonfrdrd
vufcH&&Sdxm;aomoGefoifcsufukdcspfjcif;arwåmESifhtwl toufwmüxdef;odrf;
usihfMuH&efjzpfonf/ rdrdwkdY,kHMunfxm;aomor®mw&m;ü jyif;xefjywfom;Mu
aomfvnf; rdrdwkdY,kHMunfxm;onfhtwkdif; oa0rwdrf;r,kHMunfaomolwkdY
tay:ürl onf;cHpdwftenf;i,fom&SdMuonfh toif;awmfrsm;ukduREkfyfawGYzl;
onf/ rSefuefaomt,l0g'tm;vkH;ukd ,kHMunfvufcHxm;aomfvnf; tcsif;csif;
tMum;ütenf;i,faomcspfjcif;arwåmukdom jyoMuaomtoif;awmfrsKd;wGif
vnf;uREkfyfyg0ifcJhzl;onf/ or®mw&m;onf 4if;\jzpfwnfrIwpfckwnf;üqkd
vQifrvkHavmufyg/ qkdvkdonfrSm or®mw&m;ukdodxm;½kHoufoufonf
vkHavmufrIr&Sdyg/ bk&m;ocifxm0&bk&m;ukd pdwfESvkH;t<uif;rJh? tpGrf;owåd
&SdorQ? OmPf&SdorQESifhcspfí udk,fESifhpyfqkdifaomolukd ukd,fESifhtrQcspfjcif;onf
tBuD;jrwfqkH;aomynwfjzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmu&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymxm;
onf(vkum? 10;27)/ oifonfor®mw&m;ukd EIdufEIdufcRwfcRwfod&SdEkdifaomf
vnf;c&pf,meftoufwmwGifrl pdwfysufp&maumif;avmufatmif wm0ef
rausjzpfaeEkdifonf/ taMumif;rSm oifonfc&pfawmfucspfapcJhonfhtwkdif;
rcspfcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; olYütyfxm;aomt&mjrwfukduG,fum
apmifha&SmufzkdYkukdvnf; cGeftm;ay;xm;onf (i,f 14)/ þtyfxm;aomt&m
jrwfqkdonfrSm ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf<uvmawmfrlí vkyfaqmifNyD;ajrmufapcJh
aomtaMumif;ukdajymjyaom or®mw&m;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;abmiftm;jzihf
uREkfyfwkdYod&Sdem;vnfEkdifonf/ þae&mü &Sifaygvkajymjyaeonfh tyfxm;aom
t&mjrwfqkdonfrSm owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ tHhzG,farQmfvifhcsuftaMumif;
ESifhxkdowif;aumif;w&m;u aqmif,lvmonfh topfaomtoufwmjzpf
aMumif;,lq&onf/ þtHhzG,faumif;aom or®mw&m;ukdrsufcsnfrjywfapmifh
xdef;zkdY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ wdarmaoonf
« 276 »« 275 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½IESifhocifa,½IvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIukd pGJpGJjrJjrJqkyfukdifxm;&rnfjzpf
onf/ þtcsif;t&mukdvkyfaqmifEkdifzkdY olYtxJüudef;0yfaeaomoefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfu olYukdulnDrpay;ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 15)/
tyfxm;aomt&mjrwfukd umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIr&Sdjcif;\ tEÅ&m,f
rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í wdarmaoukdowday;onfhtaejzihf tm&Sdjynfüaeaomol
rsm;ürdrdukdpGefYypfoGm;cJhMuaomolrsm;&SdaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd
tcef;i,f(15)wGifajymjyxm;onf/ 4if;wkdYtxJrS zka*vkESifha[&arm*ifwkdYukd
emrnfwyfíazmfjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonf&Sifaygvkukd tb,faMumifhpGefYypfxm;
cJhonfukdrlajymjyrxm;yg/ okdYaomf jzpfEkdifacs&Sdonfht&mrSm owif;aumif;
w&m;twGuf&SifaygvkoHBudK;jzihf csnfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh &Sifaygvk&ifqkdif&rnfh
qif;&J'ku©ukd&SufaMumufjcif;&SdcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ olwkdYukdtcufcJ'ku©rS
uG,fumapmifray;rnfh bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfvufcH&ef pdwffqE´&SdcJhMurnfjzpf
aomfvnf; rdrd\tapcHwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majymjcif;
twGufaMumifh qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;&ef cGifhjyKxm;aombk&m;ocifukd
vufcH&efukdrl tcuftcJjzpfaecJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f(16)wGif MoaeodazmfESifh ol\rdom;pkudkazmfjyxm;onf/
rdrd\qif;&Jjcif;'ku©cHjcif;wGif MoaeodazmfESifhol\rdom;pkrsm;u olukdtBudrf
Budrftzefzef tm;opfavmif;ay;cJMuaMumif;ukd wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf/
þrdom;pkonf rdrdoHBudK;ESifhcsnfaESmifcH&jcif;tay:ü &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdcJh
aMumif;ukd&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvka&mrNrdKUokdYa&muf
&SdaecJhaMumif;ukd Mum;odcJhcsdefü &SifaygvkukdulnDyHhykd;ay;&eftwGuf vkdufvH&SmMuH
cJhonftwGuf &SifaygvkuMoaeodazmfukdtvGefaus;Zl;wifcJhonf/Moaeodazmf
onfwrefawmfBuD;{zufNrdKUü&SdpOfuvnf; wrefawmfBuD;twGuftHhzG,faumif;
BuD;r*FvmjzpfcJhonf(i,f 18)/ &Sifaygvkonf þaus;Zl;w&m;ukdjyefrqyfEdkifcJh
aomfvnf;bk&m;ocifonfMoaeodazmf\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukdtodtrSwf
jyKíw&m;pD&ifjcif;aeY&uf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfwGif a&muf&Sdaomtcsdefü
*½kPmawmfukdcH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þpmapmifukdpdwfysuf0rf;enf;jcif;pdwfrsKd;jzihf a&;om;cJh
[ef&Sdonf/ ol\ppfaMumcH&jcif;ESifh axmifeef;pH&jcif;wkdYwGif olYukdvltajrmuf
tjrm;upGefYypfoGm;cJhMuonfhtjzpfukd odjrifcJhonf/ tzrf;cH&íaxmifcscH&onfh
&Sifaygvk\tjzpfukd&SufaMumufMuí olYukdpGefYypfcJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf;
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;zkdY qE´&SdaeMuyg
ovm;/ MuKHawGY&rnfh'ku©rSm rnfokdYyifjzpfapumrl bk&m;ocifay;xm;aompGrf;
&nfaus;Zl;ukdEId;qGay;í ocifc&pfawmfESifholjyKcJhaomtrI\ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukdMuJjzeffYzkdY&eftwGuf wefckd;MoZm? cspfjcif;? ukd,fhukdkudk,fcsKyfwnf;
jcif;wkdYjzihf csDDwufMurnfavm(okdY)&SufaMumufjcif;pdwfjzifha&Smifajy;í aMumuf&GHU
jcif;[laomESvkH;om;\ wpfaxmifhwpfae&mü ykef;atmif;aeMurnfavm/ þ
tykdif;onfuREkfyfwkdYtm; ocifa,½IESifholvkyfaqmifcJhaom trItay:ü&Suf
aMumufjcif;r&SdyJ rm;rm;&yfwnfMuzkdY cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;xm;ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&SifaygvkESifhwdarmaowkdY\tMum;ü&Sdaom &if;ESD;qufEG,frIESifhywf
oufíuREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
« 278 »« 277 »
ouf
ooooo
ocifa,½IESifhocifa,½IvkyfaqmifcJhaomtrIukd pGJpGJjrJjrJqkyfukdifxm;&rnfjzpf
onf/ þtcsif;t&mukdvkyfaqmifEkdifzkdY olYtxJüudef;0yfaeaomoefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfu olYukdulnDrpay;ygvdrfhrnf (i,f 15)/
tyfxm;aomt&mjrwfukd umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIr&Sdjcif;\ tEÅ&m,f
rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í wdarmaoukdowday;onfhtaejzihf tm&Sdjynfüaeaomol
rsm;ürdrdukdpGefYypfoGm;cJhMuaomolrsm;&SdaMumif;ukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd
tcef;i,f(15)wGifajymjyxm;onf/ 4if;wkdYtxJrS zka*vkESifha[&arm*ifwkdYukd
emrnfwyfíazmfjyxm;onf/ olwkdYonf&Sifaygvkukd tb,faMumifhpGefYypfxm;
cJhonfukdrlajymjyrxm;yg/ okdYaomf jzpfEkdifacs&Sdonfht&mrSm owif;aumif;
w&m;twGuf&SifaygvkoHBudK;jzihf csnfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh &Sifaygvk&ifqkdif&rnfh
qif;&J'ku©ukd&SufaMumufjcif;&SdcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ olwkdYukdtcufcJ'ku©rS
uG,fumapmifray;rnfh bk&m;ocifukd,kHMunfvufcH&ef pdwffqE´&SdcJhMurnfjzpf
aomfvnf; rdrd\tapcHwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;awmfukda[majymjcif;
twGufaMumifh qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;&ef cGifhjyKxm;aombk&m;ocifukd
vufcH&efukdrl tcuftcJjzpfaecJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f(16)wGif MoaeodazmfESifh ol\rdom;pkudkazmfjyxm;onf/
rdrd\qif;&Jjcif;'ku©cHjcif;wGif MoaeodazmfESifhol\rdom;pkrsm;u olukdtBudrf
Budrftzefzef tm;opfavmif;ay;cJMuaMumif;ukd wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf/
þrdom;pkonf rdrdoHBudK;ESifhcsnfaESmifcH&jcif;tay:ü &SufaMumufjcif;r&SdcJh
aMumif;ukd&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvka&mrNrdKUokdYa&muf
&SdaecJhaMumif;ukd Mum;odcJhcsdefü &SifaygvkukdulnDyHhykd;ay;&eftwGuf vkdufvH&SmMuH
cJhonftwGuf &SifaygvkuMoaeodazmfukdtvGefaus;Zl;wifcJhonf/Moaeodazmf
onfwrefawmfBuD;{zufNrdKUü&SdpOfuvnf; wrefawmfBuD;twGuftHhzG,faumif;
BuD;r*FvmjzpfcJhonf(i,f 18)/ &Sifaygvkonf þaus;Zl;w&m;ukdjyefrqyfEdkifcJh
aomfvnf;bk&m;ocifonfMoaeodazmf\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukdtodtrSwf
jyKíw&m;pD&ifjcif;aeY&uf bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfwGif a&muf&Sdaomtcsdefü
*½kPmawmfukdcH&rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;cJhonf/
&Sifaygvkonf þpmapmifukdpdwfysuf0rf;enf;jcif;pdwfrsKd;jzihf a&;om;cJh
[ef&Sdonf/ ol\ppfaMumcH&jcif;ESifh axmifeef;pH&jcif;wkdYwGif olYukdvltajrmuf
tjrm;upGefYypfoGm;cJhMuonfhtjzpfukd odjrifcJhonf/ tzrf;cH&íaxmifcscH&onfh
&Sifaygvk\tjzpfukd&SufaMumufMuí olYukdpGefYypfcJhMuonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf;
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;zkdY qE´&SdaeMuyg
ovm;/ MuKHawGY&rnfh'ku©rSm rnfokdYyifjzpfapumrl bk&m;ocifay;xm;aompGrf;
&nfaus;Zl;ukdEId;qGay;í ocifc&pfawmfESifholjyKcJhaomtrI\ owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukdMuJjzeffYzkdY&eftwGuf wefckd;MoZm? cspfjcif;? ukd,fhukdkudk,fcsKyfwnf;
jcif;wkdYjzihf csDDwufMurnfavm(okdY)&SufaMumufjcif;pdwfjzifha&Smifajy;í aMumuf&GHU
jcif;[laomESvkH;om;\ wpfaxmifhwpfae&mü ykef;atmif;aeMurnfavm/ þ
tykdif;onfuREkfyfwkdYtm; ocifa,½IESifholvkyfaqmifcJhaom trItay:ü&Suf
aMumufjcif;r&SdyJ rm;rm;&yfwnfMuzkdY cGeftm;ay;wkdufwGef;xm;ygonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&SifaygvkESifhwdarmaowkdY\tMum;ü&Sdaom &if;ESD;qufEG,frIESifhywf
oufíuREkfyfwkdYrnfokdYoif,l&ygoenf;/
« 278 »« 277 »
ouf
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bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd ay;tyfxm;yg
oenf;/ xkdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;xGef;vif;awmufavmifvmatmif
EId;qGay;aeygovm;/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifayg
vkuuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ owif;aumif;w&m;
awmftwGufoifrnfokdY qif;&J'ku©cHcJh&zl;oenf;/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocifonfolYukdwefcdk;ygaompdwf?
cspfwwfaompdwf? ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;aompdwfwkdYukd ay;xm;onf[k
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aqmif&mü4if;&SdaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsKd;ukd oifawGYjrifae&yg
ovm;/
xkdor®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; u,fwif&Sifukdrodjcif;tajctaersKd;rSm
jzpfEkdifygovm;? &Sif;jyyg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
wkdufwGef;vIHYaqmfjcif;ESifh tm;opfoGef;avmif;ay;jcif;wkdYukdjyK&ef
]]wdarmao}}wpfOD; oifhukday;&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
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ukdawmif;avQmufyg/ EkdifiHawmftwGuf xkdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdrnf
okdYtokH;jyK&rnfhtaMumif;ukd jyoay;&efukdvnf;awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;twGuf &SufaMumufchJí emrawmftwGufrm;rm;r&yf
wnf;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf oifhukdcGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh or®mw&m;tm;a&SmifvTJoGm;aomolwpfa,muf
a,mufukdoifodygovm;?xkdoltwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f
,lyg/
bk&m;ociftm;rdrd\wefckd;ygaompdwf? cspfwwfaompdwf? ukd,fukdukd,f
csKyfwnf;aompdwfwkYdukd oifhtoufwmüykdíajymifajrmufaomenf;
vrf;jzihfoufaojy&efawmif;avQmufyg/
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ouf
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bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm;rnfonfhpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;ukd ay;tyfxm;yg
oenf;/ xkdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;xGef;vif;awmufavmifvmatmif
EId;qGay;aeygovm;/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sifayg
vkuuREkfyfwkdYukd rnfokdYoGefoifxm;ygoenf;/ owif;aumif;w&m;
awmftwGufoifrnfokdY qif;&J'ku©cHcJh&zl;oenf;/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocifonfolYukdwefcdk;ygaompdwf?
cspfwwfaompdwf? ukd,fhukdukd,fcsKyfwnf;aompdwfwkdYukd ay;xm;onf[k
ajymjycJhonf/ þokdYaomfpdwfrsKd; oifhtoufwmü4if? oifhtrIawmf
aqmif&mü4if;&SdaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsKd;ukd oifawGYjrifae&yg
ovm;/
xkdor®mw&m;ukdodaomfvnf; u,fwif&Sifukdrodjcif;tajctaersKd;rSm
jzpfEkdifygovm;? &Sif;jyyg/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
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]]wdarmao}}wpfOD; oifhukday;&eftwGuf bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmuf
yg/
oifhukday;tyfxm;aom pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdazmfjyay;zkdY ocifbk&m;
ukdawmif;avQmufyg/ EkdifiHawmftwGuf xkdpGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdrnf
okdYtokH;jyK&rnfhtaMumif;ukd jyoay;&efukdvnf;awmif;avQmufyg/
ocifbk&m;twGuf &SufaMumufchJí emrawmftwGufrm;rm;r&yf
wnf;cJhonfhtcsdefrsm;twGuf oifhukdcGifhvTwfay;zkdYawmif;avQmufyg/
tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh or®mw&m;tm;a&SmifvTJoGm;aomolwpfa,muf
a,mufukdoifodygovm;?xkdoltwGufqkawmif;ay;zkdYtcsdeftenf;i,f
,lyg/
bk&m;ociftm;rdrd\wefckd;ygaompdwf? cspfwwfaompdwf? ukd,fukdukd,f
csKyfwnf;aompdwfwkYdukd oifhtoufwmüykdíajymifajrmufaomenf;
vrf;jzihfoufaojy&efawmif;avQmufyg/
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ouf
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27
ppfol&Jrsm;? tm;upm;orm;rsm; ESifh v,fvkyfolrsm;
2 wd 2;1-7 ukdzwf½Iyg/
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twGufaMumifh qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;ukd&SufaMumufjcif;r&SdzkdY wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/ ocifbk&m;\emrawmftwGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifMu&awmhrnfh
ta&;ukdem;vnfvmMuaomtcg vlrsm;pGmuocifbk&m;ukdpGefYypfausmcdkif;cJh
Muonf/ rdrd\,kHMunfcsufaMumifh &Sifaygvkaxmifeef;pHae&onfhtjzpfukdvnf;
&SufaMumufcJhMuonf/
þtcef;wGif&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmf
üMuHhMuHhckdif&SdaezkdYqifhac:xm;onf/ ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm
ol\rsufESmomay;jcif;ESifhqufpyfaeonf/ xkdrsufESmomay;jcif;ukd enf;vrf;
rsKd;pkHjzihfxkwfazmfjyoxm;cJhonf/ ay;oem;awmfrlaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ü
4if;? yHhykd;rpay;xm;aomcGef;tm;opfrsm;ü4if; xif&Sm;apcJhygonf/ wdarmao
onfrdrd\ESvkH;om;ukdzGifh[í olYtay:übk&m;ocifuoGef;avmif;vkdcJhaom
t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd vufcH&,l&ygrnf/ okdYrSomolonfowif;aumif;omoem
awmfwGifxda&mufrI&SdcJhygvdrhfrnf/
wdarmaoonf ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfukd MuHhMuHhckdif&SdaecJh½kHom
r[kwf? olonf&SifaygvktxHrS oifMum;cJhaomt&mrsm;ukd olwpfyg;üvnf;
oGefoifay;&rnfjzpfonf/ wdarmao\wm0efrSmpdwfcs,kHMunf&aomolrsm;ukd
rGrf;rHíavhusifhay;&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihfolwkdYonf tjcm;olrsm;ukdvnf;
qufvufíoGefoifay;EdkifMurnfjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonfrdrdESihf,SOfwGJí
rm;rm;&yfMurnfhopöm&SdaomtrIawmfaqmiftzGJYwpfzGJYukd avhusihfysKd;axmifay;
&efjzpfonf/ olYüvkyfp&mrsm;pGm&SdaecJhonf/ xkdt&mrsm;ukdrdrdwpfOD;wnf;jzihf
wdarmaorvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhyg/ xkdYaMumifh rdrd\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIü rm;rm;&yf
wnfay;Murnfh,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd&SmazG&efvkdtyfcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfübk&m;ocifu
ay;tyfxm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdvkdtyfMuonf/ ppfwyfBuD;wpfwyf
onfppfol&JwpfOD;wnf;jzifhrvnfywfEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;üvkyfaqmifzkdY
u@wpfckpD&SdMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;pDurjzpfraeyg0ifzkdYvkdtyfonf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf rdrdESifhrm;rm;&yfwnfMurnfh opöm&Sdaomppfol&JtzGJY
wpfzGJYukdzGJYpnf;ysKd;axmifjcif;ukd rdrd\wm0efwpf&yftaejzifh½Ijrif&ef &Sifaygvk
uwdarmaoukdwkdufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd
olwpfyg;ESifhtvkyftwlwlrvkyfEkdifatmifqD;wm;ygrnf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;þ
tcsif;t&mrsm;üvkH;yrf;aeMuonfukd &efolawGYjrifcsifaeygonf/ nDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;ESifheD;pyfaomrdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;jzihf trIawmfaqmifaeaomolwpf
OD;xuftvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm;jzihf wpfOD;wnf;vkyfaqmifaeaomolukdtEkdif,l
&onfrSmykdívG,fulonf/ wdarmaoonf trIawmfaqmif&mü rdrdESifhtwl
rm;rm;&yfwnfay;Murnfholrsm;ESifh ukd,fhukdukd,f0kdif;&Hxm;zkdYpGrf;pGrf;wrHBudK;pm;
&rnfjzpfonf/
vmrnfhusrf;yk'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocif\ppfrSef
aomtapcHtjzpf rnfokdY&Sifoefaexkdif&rnfukdjyozkdY aeYpOftoufwmüMuKH
awGY&aomt&mrsm;rS ykHom"ursm;ukdtokH;jyKxm;onf/ þae&mwGifrdrd,kHMunf
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27
ppfol&Jrsm;? tm;upm;orm;rsm; ESifh v,fvkyfolrsm;
2 wd 2;1-7 ukdzwf½Iyg/
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twGufaMumifh qif;&J'ku©cHjcif;ukd&SufaMumufjcif;r&SdzkdY wkdufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/ ocifbk&m;\emrawmftwGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifMu&awmhrnfh
ta&;ukdem;vnfvmMuaomtcg vlrsm;pGmuocifbk&m;ukdpGefYypfausmcdkif;cJh
Muonf/ rdrd\,kHMunfcsufaMumifh &Sifaygvkaxmifeef;pHae&onfhtjzpfukdvnf;
&SufaMumufcJhMuonf/
þtcef;wGif&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmf
üMuHhMuHhckdif&SdaezkdYqifhac:xm;onf/ ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfqkdonfrSm
ol\rsufESmomay;jcif;ESifhqufpyfaeonf/ xkdrsufESmomay;jcif;ukd enf;vrf;
rsKd;pkHjzihfxkwfazmfjyoxm;cJhonf/ ay;oem;awmfrlaompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ü
4if;? yHhykd;rpay;xm;aomcGef;tm;opfrsm;ü4if; xif&Sm;apcJhygonf/ wdarmao
onfrdrd\ESvkH;om;ukdzGifh[í olYtay:übk&m;ocifuoGef;avmif;vkdcJhaom
t&mrsm;tm;vkH;ukd vufcH&,l&ygrnf/ okdYrSomolonfowif;aumif;omoem
awmfwGifxda&mufrI&SdcJhygvdrhfrnf/
wdarmaoonf ocifc&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmfukd MuHhMuHhckdif&SdaecJh½kHom
r[kwf? olonf&SifaygvktxHrS oifMum;cJhaomt&mrsm;ukd olwpfyg;üvnf;
oGefoifay;&rnfjzpfonf/ wdarmao\wm0efrSmpdwfcs,kHMunf&aomolrsm;ukd
rGrf;rHíavhusifhay;&efjzpfonf/ xkdokdYtm;jzihfolwkdYonf tjcm;olrsm;ukdvnf;
qufvufíoGefoifay;EdkifMurnfjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonfrdrdESihf,SOfwGJí
rm;rm;&yfMurnfhopöm&SdaomtrIawmfaqmiftzGJYwpfzGJYukd avhusihfysKd;axmifay;
&efjzpfonf/ olYüvkyfp&mrsm;pGm&SdaecJhonf/ xkdt&mrsm;ukdrdrdwpfOD;wnf;jzihf
wdarmaorvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhyg/ xkdYaMumifh rdrd\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIü rm;rm;&yf
wnfay;Murnfh,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd&SmazG&efvkdtyfcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdY\nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;tm; ocifc&pfawmfübk&m;ocifu
ay;tyfxm;aompGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;ukdvkdtyfMuonf/ ppfwyfBuD;wpfwyf
onfppfol&JwpfOD;wnf;jzifhrvnfywfEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwkdYtm;vkH;üvkyfaqmifzkdY
u@wpfckpD&SdMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;pDurjzpfraeyg0ifzkdYvkdtyfonf/ owif;
aumif;w&m;awmftwGuf rdrdESifhrm;rm;&yfwnfMurnfh opöm&Sdaomppfol&JtzGJY
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uwdarmaoukdwkdufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;onfuREkfyfwkdYukd
olwpfyg;ESifhtvkyftwlwlrvkyfEkdifatmifqD;wm;ygrnf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;þ
tcsif;t&mrsm;üvkH;yrf;aeMuonfukd &efolawGYjrifcsifaeygonf/ nDtpfukd
armifESrrsm;ESifheD;pyfaomrdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;jzihf trIawmfaqmifaeaomolwpf
OD;xuftvkyfukdBudK;BudK;pm;pm;jzihf wpfOD;wnf;vkyfaqmifaeaomolukdtEkdif,l
&onfrSmykdívG,fulonf/ wdarmaoonf trIawmfaqmif&mü rdrdESifhtwl
rm;rm;&yfwnfay;Murnfholrsm;ESifh ukd,fhukdukd,f0kdif;&Hxm;zkdYpGrf;pGrf;wrHBudK;pm;
&rnfjzpfonf/
vmrnfhusrf;yk'frsm;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; bk&m;ocif\ppfrSef
aomtapcHtjzpf rnfokdY&Sifoefaexkdif&rnfukdjyozkdY aeYpOftoufwmüMuKH
awGY&aomt&mrsm;rS ykHom"ursm;ukdtokH;jyKxm;onf/ þae&mwGifrdrd,kHMunf
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ooooo
jcif;om;tay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\zcifpdwf"mwfukdawGYjrif&ygonf/ þ
ykHom"ursm;wGif trIawmfaqmif&mü4if;? c&pf,meftoufwmukd &Sifoef&m
ü4if; ta&;BuD;aom tajccHpnf;rsOf;okH;ckukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjy
xm;onf/ þusrf;abmift& azmfjyygpnf;rsOf;rsm;ukdtwkdcsKH;taejzihfom
uREkfyfwkdYodEkdifaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf*½kwpdkufqifjcif;oHk;oyfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/
pnf;urf;ESifhtm½kHpl;pkdufrI
tcef;i,f(3)wGif &Sifaygvkppfol&JykHom"ukdtokH;jyKcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; ocifa,½Ic&pf\&J&ihfaomppfol&JuJhokdY tcuftcJrsm;ukdMuhHMuHh
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auseyfrIukd&&Sd&efjzpfonf (i,f 4)/ ppfol&JwpfOD;\vu©PmwpfckrSm
pnf;urf;ESifhtm½kHpl;pkdufrIjzpfonf/
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xm;onf/ edpö"l0tvkyfrsm;ukdpkd;&drfylyefaezkdY ukd,fhukdukd,ftcsdefray;Ekdifyg/
olonfrdrd\tuG,ftumukd wcPrQyifvTwfcsxm;ír&yg/ &efolonfolYukd
t&yfav;rsufESmrS0kdif;aeygonf/ rdrd\tuG,ftumukd wcPwmrQvTwfcs
xm;jcif;onf ysufpD;qkH;½IH;zkdYyifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh wdarmaoonfukd,fhukdukd,f
pnf;urf;ESifhcsKyfukdifí vkyfaqmifrnfht&mukdtm½kHpl;pkdufí wpfcsdefvkH;Ekd;Mum;
ae&rnfjzpfonf/
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rdrd\trIawmfaqmifjcif;wGif pnf;urf;ESifhMuyfrwfí tm½kHpl;pkdufrIukdxm;&Sd&ef
cGeftm;ay;xm;onf/ olonfavmuDt&mrsm;ESifh ta&;rygaomudpö&yfrsm;\
csnfaESmifjcif;ukdrcHyJ ocifbk&m;ukdompdwfauseyfapí tvkdawmfukdomvkyf
aqmif&efjzpfonf/ EkdifiHawmftwGufrnfuJhokdYaom ay;qyfjcif;rsKd;ukdvkyfaqmif
zkdYoiftqifoifhjzpfaeygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifuoihfüay;tyfxm;aomtrIawmf
ukdrvkyfaqmifEkdif&efrnfonfht&mu oifhtm½kHrsm;udkysufjym;aeapoenf;/
ukd,fhukdukd,fpnf;urf;ESifhBuD;Muyfí tm½kpl;pkdufrI&Sdaom ppfol&JuJhokdYocifbk&m;
ukdoifcpm;aeygovm;/
t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;
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'kwd,ajrmufykHom"uwGif tm;upm;NydKifyGJtaMumif;ukdajymxm;onf (i,f
5)/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd tm;upm;NydKifyGJü0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomtm;upm;
orm;wpfOD;taMumif;ukdajymjyygonf/ tm;upm;orm;wpfa,mufonf
atmifEkdifolo&zlukd&&SdzkdYqkdvQif olonfNydKifyGJ\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif;
0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifzkdYvdktyfonf/ rormaomenf;ukdtokH;jyKaomtm;upm;
orm;onf pnf;urf;ESifhrnDñGwfíy,fcH&rnfjzpfonf/ atmifyef;ukdqifEkdif
rnfhwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm NydKifyGJpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;twkdif; ,SOfNydKifupm;
&efjzpfonf/ c&pf,meftoufwmü t<uif;rJhemcHjcif; tb,frQta&;ygykHukd
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfwpfcgwpf&HwGifrdrdwkdY
vkyfcsifonfht&mav;ukd jzwfn§yfívkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh tay;t,lnd§EIdif;jcif;
rsKd;jzifhvkyfaqmifwwfMuonf/ tm;upm;orm;onf NydKifyGJpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
ukdrvkdufemjcif;aMumifh NydKifyGJrSxkwfy,fjcif;ukdcH&EkdifouJhokdY bk&m;ocifESifh
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ouf
ooooo
jcif;om;tay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\zcifpdwf"mwfukdawGYjrif&ygonf/ þ
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ü4if; ta&;BuD;aom tajccHpnf;rsOf;okH;ckukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjy
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uREkfyfwkdYodEkdifaomfvnf; 4if;wkdYonf*½kwpdkufqifjcif;oHk;oyfzkdYta&;BuD;onf/
pnf;urf;ESifhtm½kHpl;pkdufrI
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wdarmaotm; ocifa,½Ic&pf\&J&ihfaomppfol&JuJhokdY tcuftcJrsm;ukdMuhHMuHh
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pnf;urf;ESifhtm½kHpl;pkdufrIjzpfonf/
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xm;onf/ edpö"l0tvkyfrsm;ukdpkd;&drfylyefaezkdY ukd,fhukdukd,ftcsdefray;Ekdifyg/
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t&yfav;rsufESmrS0kdif;aeygonf/ rdrd\tuG,ftumukd wcPwmrQvTwfcs
xm;jcif;onf ysufpD;qkH;½IH;zkdYyifjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh wdarmaoonfukd,fhukdukd,f
pnf;urf;ESifhcsKyfukdifí vkyfaqmifrnfht&mukdtm½kHpl;pkdufí wpfcsdefvkH;Ekd;Mum;
ae&rnfjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wkdufyGJtv,füa&muf&Sdaeaomppfol&JuJhokdY
rdrd\trIawmfaqmifjcif;wGif pnf;urf;ESifhMuyfrwfí tm½kHpl;pkdufrIukdxm;&Sd&ef
cGeftm;ay;xm;onf/ olonfavmuDt&mrsm;ESifh ta&;rygaomudpö&yfrsm;\
csnfaESmifjcif;ukdrcHyJ ocifbk&m;ukdompdwfauseyfapí tvkdawmfukdomvkyf
aqmif&efjzpfonf/ EkdifiHawmftwGufrnfuJhokdYaom ay;qyfjcif;rsKd;ukdvkyfaqmif
zkdYoiftqifoifhjzpfaeygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifuoihfüay;tyfxm;aomtrIawmf
ukdrvkyfaqmifEkdif&efrnfonfht&mu oifhtm½kHrsm;udkysufjym;aeapoenf;/
ukd,fhukdukd,fpnf;urf;ESifhBuD;Muyfí tm½kpl;pkdufrI&Sdaom ppfol&JuJhokdYocifbk&m;
ukdoifcpm;aeygovm;/
t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;
yxrykHom"uonf ppfol&JESifhwkdufyGJtaMumif;ukdajymjyxm;NyD; þ
'kwd,ajrmufykHom"uwGif tm;upm;NydKifyGJtaMumif;ukdajymxm;onf (i,f
5)/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd tm;upm;NydKifyGJü0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomtm;upm;
orm;wpfOD;taMumif;ukdajymjyygonf/ tm;upm;orm;wpfa,mufonf
atmifEkdifolo&zlukd&&SdzkdYqkdvQif olonfNydKifyGJ\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif;
0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifzkdYvdktyfonf/ rormaomenf;ukdtokH;jyKaomtm;upm;
orm;onf pnf;urf;ESifhrnDñGwfíy,fcH&rnfjzpfonf/ atmifyef;ukdqifEkdif
rnfhwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm NydKifyGJpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;twkdif; ,SOfNydKifupm;
&efjzpfonf/ c&pf,meftoufwmü t<uif;rJhemcHjcif; tb,frQta&;ygykHukd
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonfwpfcgwpf&HwGifrdrdwkdY
vkyfcsifonfht&mav;ukd jzwfn§yfívkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh tay;t,lnd§EIdif;jcif;
rsKd;jzifhvkyfaqmifwwfMuonf/ tm;upm;orm;onf NydKifyGJpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
ukdrvkdufemjcif;aMumifh NydKifyGJrSxkwfy,fjcif;ukdcH&EkdifouJhokdY bk&m;ocifESifh
« 284 »« 283 »
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vufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mwGif t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;oabmjzihf ravQmufvSrf;vQif
uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; NydKifyGJrSxkwfy,fjcif;ukdcH&Ekdifygonf/
xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifukd pdwfauseyfapvkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfukd,fykdif
t,ltqrsm;ukdab;z,fxm;í bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzihf vkyfaqmif&rnf
jzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrS oGefoifxm;onfht&m
tm;vkH;ukdwdwdususvkdufemjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif uREkffyfwkdY\toufwm&Sd
tjypf'kp½kduftm;vkH;ukdajz&Sif;í ocifbk&m;xHü0efcsawmif;yefjcif;ukdvnf;
qkdvkdonf/ xkdrQru uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfukdifajz&Sif;csufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif vkH;0½kd;om;
íajzmifhrwf&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;txHücpm;í qkvm'fukdarQmfvifhxm;
vQifuREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;rsm;jzihfvkyfaqmifí t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;
ü&SifoefMu&ayrnf/
tvkyfukdBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
tcef;i,f(6)&Sd &Sifaygvk\wwd,ajrmufykHom"urSm v,fvkyfol
taMumif;jzpfonf/ v,fvkyfolonftvkyfukdBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifzkdY vkdtyfonf/
olonfeHeufapmapmrStvkyfukdpvkyfí wpfcgwpf&Hneufonftxdvkyfaqmif
&ayrnf/ ntcsdeftdrfjyefa&mufvmaomtcg v,fvkyfolrSmqmavmifí
yifyef;aeygonf/ udk,fcE¨m<uufom;rsm;rSm emusifukdufcJaeí vufrsm;rSm
vnf;rmaMumumtom;rmwufaeMuygonf/ vkyfcsifpdwfr&Sdaomtcgüyif
tvkyfukdvkyf&onf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf aumif;aom&dwfodrf;jcif;onf
ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIü rlwnfaeaMumif;ukd olodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
rdrdvkyfaomtvkyfonf ajcukefvufyef;usapaomtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf;
tqkH;wGifqkvm'fwpfck&SdaeaMumif;ukdvnf; olodxm;onf/ xkdokdYaomtvkyf
BudK;pm;onfhv,fvkyfolonf rdrd\aumufyJoD;ESHukd tcsKd;ususOD;pGm &dwfodrf;
&ol jzpfygvdrhfrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf BudKpm;yrf;pm;jzifh pkdufysKd; cJhaomoD;ESH
rsm; ukd&dwfodrf;jcif;jzihf ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukd qkvm'fcsD;jr§ifhrnfhaeY&uf
a&muf &Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/ ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIonf tcsnf;tESD;jzpfcJhrnfr
[kwfyg/ tvkyfonfcufcJ½kHomru ay;qyfrIajrmufjrm; pGmukdvkyf&aomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonfol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukd aumif;BuD;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; omoemvkyfief;onf cufcJyifyef;&aom
tvkyfjzpfaMumif;ajymjyaeonf/ ay;qyfjcif;ajrmufjrm;pGmESifhtwlemusifjcif;
rsm;jzihfumvtcsdefMumjrifhpGm BudK;pm;vkyfaqmif&aomfvnf; xkdBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIrsm;rStoD;tyGifhrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuaqmifMuOfvmygvdrhfrnf/ wdarm
aoonftvkyfukdBudK;pm;ívkyfaqmifzkdY pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaeír&yg/ þtcsif;
t&mukdoltjrJwrf;awmh em;vnfcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ toufwmü4if;? omoem
vkyfief;ü4if; pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;rsm;pGmukd &ifqkdif&ygvdhrfrnf/ tcsdefMum
jrihfpGmvkyfaqmif&í tcuftcJt[efYtwm;rsm;pGm&SdaecJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonfwdarmao\ opöm&SdaomBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukd rdrd\EkdifiH
awmfcsJUxGifzkdYtokH;jyKcJhygvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf wdarmaotm;rdrdoGefoifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd
jyefvnfjyifqif&efpdefac:jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtqkH;owfxm;onf/ þoGefoif
csufonfolESifhrnfokdYoufqkdifí rnfokdYtokH;wnfhrIukd ykdíodjrifem;vnfEkdif&ef
bk&m;ocifuolYpdwfESvkH;ukd zGifh[awmfrlrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
ukdajymjyxm;onf/
« 286 »« 285 »
ouf
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vufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mwGif t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;oabmjzihf ravQmufvSrf;vQif
uREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; NydKifyGJrSxkwfy,fjcif;ukdcH&Ekdifygonf/
xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifukd pdwfauseyfapvkdvQif uREkfyfwkdYonfukd,fykdif
t,ltqrsm;ukdab;z,fxm;í bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzihf vkyfaqmif&rnf
jzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrS oGefoifxm;onfht&m
tm;vkH;ukdwdwdususvkdufemjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif uREkffyfwkdY\toufwm&Sd
tjypf'kp½kduftm;vkH;ukdajz&Sif;í ocifbk&m;xHü0efcsawmif;yefjcif;ukdvnf;
qkdvkdonf/ xkdrQru uREkfyfwkdY\vkyfukdifajz&Sif;csufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif vkH;0½kd;om;
íajzmifhrwf&rnfjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;txHücpm;í qkvm'fukdarQmfvifhxm;
vQifuREkfyfwkdYonfbk&m;ocif\ enf;vrf;rsm;jzihfvkyfaqmifí t<uif;rJhemcHjcif;
ü&SifoefMu&ayrnf/
tvkyfukdBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
tcef;i,f(6)&Sd &Sifaygvk\wwd,ajrmufykHom"urSm v,fvkyfol
taMumif;jzpfonf/ v,fvkyfolonftvkyfukdBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifzkdY vkdtyfonf/
olonfeHeufapmapmrStvkyfukdpvkyfí wpfcgwpf&Hneufonftxdvkyfaqmif
&ayrnf/ ntcsdeftdrfjyefa&mufvmaomtcg v,fvkyfolrSmqmavmifí
yifyef;aeygonf/ udk,fcE¨m<uufom;rsm;rSm emusifukdufcJaeí vufrsm;rSm
vnf;rmaMumumtom;rmwufaeMuygonf/ vkyfcsifpdwfr&Sdaomtcgüyif
tvkyfukdvkyf&onf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf aumif;aom&dwfodrf;jcif;onf
ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIü rlwnfaeaMumif;ukd olodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
rdrdvkyfaomtvkyfonf ajcukefvufyef;usapaomtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf;
tqkH;wGifqkvm'fwpfck&SdaeaMumif;ukdvnf; olodxm;onf/ xkdokdYaomtvkyf
BudK;pm;onfhv,fvkyfolonf rdrd\aumufyJoD;ESHukd tcsKd;ususOD;pGm &dwfodrf;
&ol jzpfygvdrhfrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf BudKpm;yrf;pm;jzifh pkdufysKd; cJhaomoD;ESH
rsm; ukd&dwfodrf;jcif;jzihf ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukd qkvm'fcsD;jr§ifhrnfhaeY&uf
a&muf &Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/ ol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIonf tcsnf;tESD;jzpfcJhrnfr
[kwfyg/ tvkyfonfcufcJ½kHomru ay;qyfrIajrmufjrm; pGmukdvkyf&aomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonfol\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIukd aumif;BuD;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; omoemvkyfief;onf cufcJyifyef;&aom
tvkyfjzpfaMumif;ajymjyaeonf/ ay;qyfjcif;ajrmufjrm;pGmESifhtwlemusifjcif;
rsm;jzihfumvtcsdefMumjrifhpGm BudK;pm;vkyfaqmif&aomfvnf; xkdBudK;pm;tm;
xkwfrIrsm;rStoD;tyGifhrsm;ukd bk&m;ocifuaqmifMuOfvmygvdrhfrnf/ wdarm
aoonftvkyfukdBudK;pm;ívkyfaqmifzkdY pkd;&drfaMumuf&GHUaeír&yg/ þtcsif;
t&mukdoltjrJwrf;awmh em;vnfcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ toufwmü4if;? omoem
vkyfief;ü4if; pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;rsm;pGmukd &ifqkdif&ygvdhrfrnf/ tcsdefMum
jrihfpGmvkyfaqmif&í tcuftcJt[efYtwm;rsm;pGm&SdaecJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
bk&m;ocifonfwdarmao\ opöm&SdaomBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ukd rdrd\EkdifiH
awmfcsJUxGifzkdYtokH;jyKcJhygvdrhfrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf wdarmaotm;rdrdoGefoifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;ukd
jyefvnfjyifqif&efpdefac:jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtqkH;owfxm;onf/ þoGefoif
csufonfolESifhrnfokdYoufqkdifí rnfokdYtokH;wnfhrIukd ykdíodjrifem;vnfEkdif&ef
bk&m;ocifuolYpdwfESvkH;ukd zGifh[awmfrlrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
ukdajymjyxm;onf/
« 286 »« 285 »
ouf
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bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftvkyfonf tpktzGJYtm;jzifhBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif
&aomt&mjzpfNyD; ppfol&JwpfOD;\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIESihfpnf;urf;&SdrI? tm;upm;orm;
wpfOD;\emcHrI? v,fvkyfolwpfOD;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwkdYukdvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf opöm&Sd&SduREkfyfwkdYcpm;onfESifhtrQ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\emrawmfjrwftwGuf &dwfodrf;jcif;ukdaqmifMuOf&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdtokH;jyK
rnfhtaMumif; ckdifckdifrmrm,kHMunfEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toif;tzGJYwpfcktaejzifh vkyfaqmifjcif;rSmta&;ygaMumif;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYrnfokdYoif,lMu&oenf;/ omoemvkyfief;ü tjcm;olrsm;ukduREkfyfwkdY
tb,faMumifhvkdtyfMu&oenf;/
oifxrf;aqmifaeaomomoemvkyfief;ü rnfolYukdcGeftm;ay;í
rnfolYtwGuf oifqkawmif;ay;zkdY&Sdoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGifjcif;trItwGuf oifvkdvkdvm;vm;ray;
qyfvkdaomt&mrsm; oifhtoufwmü&Sdaeygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ykdí
xda&mufrI&SdaomtapcHwpfOD;jzpfrvmEkdifatmif oifhtm½kHrsm;ukdaxG
jym;aeaponfht&mrsm;&Sdaeygovm;/
ocifbk&m;ukdemcHjcif;rSm tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifESifh
vufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mü4if;?bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukdxrf;&Guf&mü4if;
tay;t,lnd§EIdif;jcif;oabmrsKd;jzihfoifvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;&SdcJhygovm;/
þtykdif;üawGY&aom (ppfol&J? tm;upm;orm;? v,fvkyfolwkdY)\
ykHom"uokH;ckukdpOf;pm;okH;oyfMunfhyg/ xkdykHom"uokH;ckrS rnfonfh
om"uonfoifhukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm;wkdYxdygoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
trIawmfjrwfü oifhukd0kdif;0ef;jcH&HMuzdkY nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukday;o
em;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifukdt<uif;rJhemcHjcif;r&Sdaom tpdwftykdif;
rsm;&SdcJhvQif xkdt&mrsm;ukdjyoay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
EkdifiHawmfomoemvkyfief;ü tm½kHysufjym;jcif;r&SdyJ ppfol&JuJhokdYpnf;
urf;&Sdí tm½kHpl;pkdufEkdifaomoljzpf&ef ulnDrpzkdYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;
avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwGif &dwfodrf;jcif;wpfck&Sdrnf[kuwday;
aombk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifawGYjrifcJhNyD;aom&dwfodrf;
jcif;wpfckcktwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
« 288 »« 287 »
ouf
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bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftvkyfonf tpktzGJYtm;jzifhBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif
&aomt&mjzpfNyD; ppfol&JwpfOD;\tm½kHpl;pkdufrIESihfpnf;urf;&SdrI? tm;upm;orm;
wpfOD;\emcHrI? v,fvkyfolwpfOD;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwkdYukdvkdtyfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf opöm&Sd&SduREkfyfwkdYcpm;onfESifhtrQ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\emrawmfjrwftwGuf &dwfodrf;jcif;ukdaqmifMuOf&ef uREkfyfwkdYukdtokH;jyK
rnfhtaMumif; ckdifckdifrmrm,kHMunfEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;okH;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
toif;tzGJYwpfcktaejzifh vkyfaqmifjcif;rSmta&;ygaMumif;ukd uREkfyf
wkdYrnfokdYoif,lMu&oenf;/ omoemvkyfief;ü tjcm;olrsm;ukduREkfyfwkdY
tb,faMumifhvkdtyfMu&oenf;/
oifxrf;aqmifaeaomomoemvkyfief;ü rnfolYukdcGeftm;ay;í
rnfolYtwGuf oifqkawmif;ay;zkdY&Sdoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfcsJUxGifjcif;trItwGuf oifvkdvkdvm;vm;ray;
qyfvkdaomt&mrsm; oifhtoufwmü&Sdaeygovm;/ bk&m;ocif\ykdí
xda&mufrI&SdaomtapcHwpfOD;jzpfrvmEkdifatmif oifhtm½kHrsm;ukdaxG
jym;aeaponfht&mrsm;&Sdaeygovm;/
ocifbk&m;ukdemcHjcif;rSm tb,frQta&;BuD;ygoenf;/ bk&m;ocifESifh
vufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mü4if;?bk&m;ocif\trIawmfukdxrf;&Guf&mü4if;
tay;t,lnd§EIdif;jcif;oabmrsKd;jzihfoifvkyfcJhaomt&mrsm;&SdcJhygovm;/
þtykdif;üawGY&aom (ppfol&J? tm;upm;orm;? v,fvkyfolwkdY)\
ykHom"uokH;ckukdpOf;pm;okH;oyfMunfhyg/ xkdykHom"uokH;ckrS rnfonfh
om"uonfoifhukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm;wkdYxdygoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
trIawmfjrwfü oifhukd0kdif;0ef;jcH&HMuzdkY nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ukday;o
em;awmfrlrnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
oihftoufwmü bk&m;ocifukdt<uif;rJhemcHjcif;r&Sdaom tpdwftykdif;
rsm;&SdcJhvQif xkdt&mrsm;ukdjyoay;zkdY bk&m;ocifukdawmif;avQmufyg/
EkdifiHawmfomoemvkyfief;ü tm½kHysufjym;jcif;r&SdyJ ppfol&JuJhokdYpnf;
urf;&Sdí tm½kHpl;pkdufEkdifaomoljzpf&ef ulnDrpzkdYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;
avQmufyg/
uREkfyfwkdY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwGif &dwfodrf;jcif;wpfck&Sdrnf[kuwday;
aombk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ oifawGYjrifcJhNyD;aom&dwfodrf;
jcif;wpfckcktwGuf bk&m;ocifukdaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
« 288 »« 287 »
ouf
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28
owif;aumif;w&m;twGufqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
2 wd 2;8-15 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; c&pf,meftoufwmü ZGJvkHYvxkwfítywf
wukwfBudK;pm;&Sifoefjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjyaeygonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;
udka[majymjcif;aMumifh &SifaygvkrSmaxmifeef;pHae&onf/ rdrdqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
tay:ütHhMojcif;r&SdzkdY wdarmaotm;today;&efa&;om;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
onfwdarmaoqif;&J'ku©cHpm;&rnfhta&;ukd rjrifawGYvkdaomfvnf;ocifbk&m;
ukdemcHjcif;onf rnfrQyiftzkd;tcBuD;aeygap wdarmaobk&m;ocifukdtjynfh
t0emcHaeonfhtjzpfukdrlawGYjrifvkdcJhonf/ þtykdif;wGif&Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;trIawmfaqmif&mü rnfokdYaomtcuftcJtwm;tqD;rsm;&Sdvifhupm;
,kHMunfjcif;ürm;rm;&yfwnf&ef ajymqkd&if;pdefac:xm;onf/
ocifa,½Iukdowd&atmufarhzkdY pdefac:jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;odapcsifcJhonf/ yxrOD;pGmocifa,½Iaojcif;rS rnfokdY&SifjyefxajrmufcJh
aMumif;ukdowd&atmufarhapcsifcJhonf/
ocifa,½Ionf tvGefxl;jcm;aomtaMumif;t&if;wpfck
aMumifhtaocHcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf taocHcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukdtzbk&m; xHokdYaqmif,loGm;zkdYonf olonf,ZfylaZmfjcif;cH&aom
okd;oli,fjzpfcJhonf/ aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcH&onfhtjzpfonf tzbk&m;
ukdoltaocHylaZmfcJhjcif;ukd vufcHcJhaMumif;tm;ñTefjyaeonf/ olonf
pmweftay:ü4if;? aojcif;t ay:ü4if;? tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü4if; tEkdif,lí
&SifjyefxajrmufcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcJhvQif rSefuefaom
taMumif;t&mESpfck&Sdaeonf/ yxrtcsufrSm ,aeYwGifoltouf&Sif
vsuf&Sdonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsuf
jzpfonf/ 'kwd,tcsufrSmolYtm; jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; tjypf'kp½kduf
tay:ü4if;? aojcif;ocsKØif;tay:ü4if;? ewfqkd;tay:ü4if; tEkdif,lEkdif
Muygonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ toufwmü tcuftcJtwm;tqD;rsm;ESifh
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdif&aomtcgü þtcsufonfuREkfyfwkdYukd arQmfhvihfcsuf
rsm;ay;ygonf/ aojcif;onfuREkfyfwkdY\tqkH;ed*kH; r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
toufukdvnf;pif;íay;cJh&vQifyif þtHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufBuD;uREkfyfwkdYü
&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ toufwmwGif rnfokdYyifcufcJyifyef;aeygap a&SUqufoGm;zkdY
wdarmao tm;wkdufwGef;cGeftm;ay;xm;cJhonf/
ocifa,½IESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvku wdarmaoukd 'kwd,ajrmufowd
&atmifarhapvkdaomtcsufrSm ocifa,½Ionf 'g0d'f\rsKd;EG,fwpfOD;[laom
tcsufjzpfonf/ 'g0d'g\rsKd;EG,fwpfOD;jzpfonfhtavsmuf ocifa,½Ionf
vlom;pifppfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvlom;jzpfjcif;ü ocifa,½IonfuREkfyf
wkdYESifhwpfwef;wnf;owfrSwfxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhaomt&m
rsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf; &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifcHpm;cJh&aom qif;&J
jcif;'ku©udkvnf; &ifqkdifcHpm;cJhonf/ qkdkvdkonfrSm wdarmao&ifqkdifae&aom
tcuftcJrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ocifa,½IuEIdufEIdufcRwfcRwfoabmaygufem;vnf
ay;cJhonf/ olYukd,fpmjyKía&muf&Sdvmaomt&mtwGuf qif;&J'ku©ukdcHpm;&if;
taocHoGm;cJhonf/ wdarmao&ifqkdif&rnfhtcuftcJrsm;twGuf þtcsuf
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28
owif;aumif;w&m;twGufqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
2 wd 2;8-15 ukdzwf½Iyg/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; c&pf,meftoufwmü ZGJvkHYvxkwfítywf
wukwfBudK;pm;&Sifoefjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymjyaeygonf/ owif;aumif;w&m;
udka[majymjcif;aMumifh &SifaygvkrSmaxmifeef;pHae&onf/ rdrdqif;&J'ku©cH&jcif;
tay:ütHhMojcif;r&SdzkdY wdarmaotm;today;&efa&;om;cJhonf/ &Sifaygvk
onfwdarmaoqif;&J'ku©cHpm;&rnfhta&;ukd rjrifawGYvkdaomfvnf;ocifbk&m;
ukdemcHjcif;onf rnfrQyiftzkd;tcBuD;aeygap wdarmaobk&m;ocifukdtjynfh
t0emcHaeonfhtjzpfukdrlawGYjrifvkdcJhonf/ þtykdif;wGif&Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;trIawmfaqmif&mü rnfokdYaomtcuftcJtwm;tqD;rsm;&Sdvifhupm;
,kHMunfjcif;ürm;rm;&yfwnf&ef ajymqkd&if;pdefac:xm;onf/
ocifa,½Iukdowd&atmufarhzkdY pdefac:jcif;jzihf þtykdif;ukdtpjyKxm;
onf/ ocifa,½IESihfpyfvsOf;í taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmukd &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;odapcsifcJhonf/ yxrOD;pGmocifa,½Iaojcif;rS rnfokdY&SifjyefxajrmufcJh
aMumif;ukdowd&atmufarhapcsifcJhonf/
ocifa,½Ionf tvGefxl;jcm;aomtaMumif;t&if;wpfck
aMumifhtaocHcJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kduftwGuf taocHcJhonf/
uREkfyfwkdYukdtzbk&m; xHokdYaqmif,loGm;zkdYonf olonf,ZfylaZmfjcif;cH&aom
okd;oli,fjzpfcJhonf/ aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcH&onfhtjzpfonf tzbk&m;
ukdoltaocHylaZmfcJhjcif;ukd vufcHcJhaMumif;tm;ñTefjyaeonf/ olonf
pmweftay:ü4if;? aojcif;t ay:ü4if;? tjypf'kp½kduftay:ü4if; tEkdif,lí
&SifjyefxajrmufcJhonf/ ocifbk&m;aojcif;rS&SifjyefxajrmufcJhvQif rSefuefaom
taMumif;t&mESpfck&Sdaeonf/ yxrtcsufrSm ,aeYwGifoltouf&Sif
vsuf&Sdonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þtcsufrSm uREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsuf
jzpfonf/ 'kwd,tcsufrSmolYtm; jzihfuREkfyfwkdYonfvnf; tjypf'kp½kduf
tay:ü4if;? aojcif;ocsKØif;tay:ü4if;? ewfqkd;tay:ü4if; tEkdif,lEkdif
Muygonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ toufwmü tcuftcJtwm;tqD;rsm;ESifh
ppfaMumjcif;rsm;ukd&ifqkdif&aomtcgü þtcsufonfuREkfyfwkdYukd arQmfhvihfcsuf
rsm;ay;ygonf/ aojcif;onfuREkfyfwkdY\tqkH;ed*kH; r[kwfyg/ uREkfyfwkdY\
toufukdvnf;pif;íay;cJh&vQifyif þtHhzG,farQmfvifhcsufBuD;uREkfyfwkdYü
&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ toufwmwGif rnfokdYyifcufcJyifyef;aeygap a&SUqufoGm;zkdY
wdarmao tm;wkdufwGef;cGeftm;ay;xm;cJhonf/
ocifa,½IESifhywfoufí &Sifaygvku wdarmaoukd 'kwd,ajrmufowd
&atmifarhapvkdaomtcsufrSm ocifa,½Ionf 'g0d'f\rsKd;EG,fwpfOD;[laom
tcsufjzpfonf/ 'g0d'g\rsKd;EG,fwpfOD;jzpfonfhtavsmuf ocifa,½Ionf
vlom;pifppfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvlom;jzpfjcif;ü ocifa,½IonfuREkfyf
wkdYESifhwpfwef;wnf;owfrSwfxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhaomt&m
rsm;tm;vkH;ukdvnf; &ifqkdifjzwfoef;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY&ifqkdifcHpm;cJh&aom qif;&J
jcif;'ku©udkvnf; &ifqkdifcHpm;cJhonf/ qkdkvdkonfrSm wdarmao&ifqkdifae&aom
tcuftcJrsm;tm;vkH;ukd ocifa,½IuEIdufEIdufcRwfcRwfoabmaygufem;vnf
ay;cJhonf/ olYukd,fpmjyKía&muf&Sdvmaomt&mtwGuf qif;&J'ku©ukdcHpm;&if;
taocHoGm;cJhonf/ wdarmao&ifqkdif&rnfhtcuftcJrsm;twGuf þtcsuf
« 290 »
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onfcGeftm;,lp&mjzpfvmcJhonf/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfwpfckvkH;onf ta&;BuD;aomor®mw&m;ESpf
yg;ürlwnfaeonf/ ocifa,½Ionf ukd,fhukdudk,fESdrfhcsawmfrlí vlYZmwdukdcH,l
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;twGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;&if;
um;wkdifxufütaocHcJhonf/ aojcif;ocsKØif;tay:ü atmifjrifjcif;ESifhtwl
xajrmufcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\toufwm? taocHjcif;? &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;
wkdYaMumifh olonfuREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufjzpfonf/
þor®mw&m;rsm;twGufaMumifh &SSSSSSSSSSSSSifaygvkrSmqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdcHpm;ae
&jcif;jzpfonf(i,f 9)/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;onftHhzG,f
aumif;aomfvnf; vltm;vkH;uawmhvufcHzkdYtoifhrjzpfMuyg/ ½kd;&Sif;vSaom
þor®mw&m;onf csnfaESmifjcif;cH&aomolwkdYtm; vGwfajrmufjcif;ukday;Ekdif
onf/ pmwef\csKyfukdifjcif;rStjypfom;rsm;ukd ajzvTwfay;Ekdifaomwefckd;awmf
onfþor®mw&m;ü&Sdaeonf/ þtaMumif;aMumifh&efolonf owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukda[majymaomolwkdYtm; &uf&ufpufpuf wkefYjyefvsuf&Sdonf/
ocifa,½IESifhpyfvsOfaom þowif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymaejcif;
aMumifh atmufwef;usaom&mZ0wfom;wpfOD;uJhodkY oHBudK;jzifhcsKyfaESmifcHae&
aMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjycJhonf/ þuJhodkYaomoabmobm0
udkydkifqkdifxm;onfh omoemawmfudkvkyfaqmif&ef uREfkyfwdkYudkqihfac:xm;onf/
&efol\vSnfhjzm;jcif;jzihf csnfaESmifjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;txHü or®mw&m;udk a[m
ajymaMujimzdkY uREfkyfwdkYudkqifhac:xm;ygonf/ þor®mw&m;onf vlom;wdkYudk
4if;wdkY\tjypf'kp½dkufrS4if;? arQmfvihfcsufuif;rJhjcif;b0tajctaersdK;rS4if;
vGwfajrmufapygvdrfhrnf/ &efolonfþor®mw&m;udk &GH&Smrkef;wD;aomaMumifh
þor®mw&m;udkMum;emzdkYvdktyfaomolwdkY\ em;odkYra&mufatmifwwfEkdiforQ
[efYwm;aESmuf,Sufygvdrfhrnf/
qif;&J'ku©cHpm;&aomtcsdefü4if;? axmifeef;pHae&aomtcsdefü4if;
&SifaygvkudkESpfodrfhay;aomtaMumif;t&mwpfckrSm olonfoHBudK;ESihfcsKyfaESmif
jcif;udkcH&vihfupm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkum; b,faomtcgwGifrQ
csnfaESmifí&rnfr[kwf [laomtcsufjzpfonf/ &efolonf&Sifaygvk
udkcsKyfxdef;EdkifcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkrl rqD;wm;EkdifcJhyg/
toif;awmf\orkdif;aMumif;u þtcsufudktzefwvJvJjyoxm;ygonf/ jyif;
xefaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;umvrsm;wGif toif;awmfBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmcJh
onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m;awmfonf 4if;ESihfxdawGUaomolwdkY\
toufwmü oufa&mufrIBuD;wpfckudkqufvufí jyKvkyfaeygonf/ bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmf&SifoefysHUESHUaejcif;udk pmwefur&yfwefYEkdifcJhyg/
&Sifaygvkonf axmifeef;pHae&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf
rdrdvkyfaqmif&rnfht&mudktqD;twm;r&Sdqufvufí vkyfaqmifaeygonf/
þtrIüBuD;rm;aomarQmfvihfcsufudkawGU&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
onfraumif;rI'kp½dkufwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;tm;vHk;udk aemufqHk;wGiftEkdif,lyg
vdrfhrnf/
ocifc&pfawmftwGuf4if;? ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmftwGuf4if;
taocH&efolYudkqihfac:xm;vQif xdkocifESihftwlpdk;pH&rnfhtjzpfudkvnf;
&Sifaygvkod&SdcJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ ocifbk&m;\rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&&Sifoef
&rnf[laom tHhzG,farQmfvihfcsufolYü&SdcJhonf/ aojcif;onfocifc&pfawmf
« 292 »« 291 »
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onfcGeftm;,lp&mjzpfvmcJhonf/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfwpfckvkH;onf ta&;BuD;aomor®mw&m;ESpf
yg;ürlwnfaeonf/ ocifa,½Ionf ukd,fhukdudk,fESdrfhcsawmfrlí vlYZmwdukdcH,l
cJhonf/ uREkfyfwkdY\tjypf'kp½kdufrsm;twGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukd&ifqkdifcHpm;&if;
um;wkdifxufütaocHcJhonf/ aojcif;ocsKØif;tay:ü atmifjrifjcif;ESifhtwl
xajrmufcJhonf/ ocifa,½I\toufwm? taocHjcif;? &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;
wkdYaMumifh olonfuREkfyfwkdY\arQmfvifhcsufjzpfonf/
þor®mw&m;rsm;twGufaMumifh &SSSSSSSSSSSSSifaygvkrSmqif;&Jjcif;'ku©ukdcHpm;ae
&jcif;jzpfonf(i,f 9)/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ or®mw&m;onftHhzG,f
aumif;aomfvnf; vltm;vkH;uawmhvufcHzkdYtoifhrjzpfMuyg/ ½kd;&Sif;vSaom
þor®mw&m;onf csnfaESmifjcif;cH&aomolwkdYtm; vGwfajrmufjcif;ukday;Ekdif
onf/ pmwef\csKyfukdifjcif;rStjypfom;rsm;ukd ajzvTwfay;Ekdifaomwefckd;awmf
onfþor®mw&m;ü&Sdaeonf/ þtaMumif;aMumifh&efolonf owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfukda[majymaomolwkdYtm; &uf&ufpufpuf wkefYjyefvsuf&Sdonf/
ocifa,½IESifhpyfvsOfaom þowif;aumif;w&m;awmfukd a[majymaejcif;
aMumifh atmufwef;usaom&mZ0wfom;wpfOD;uJhodkY oHBudK;jzifhcsKyfaESmifcHae&
aMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoukdajymjycJhonf/ þuJhodkYaomoabmobm0
udkydkifqkdifxm;onfh omoemawmfudkvkyfaqmif&ef uREfkyfwdkYudkqihfac:xm;onf/
&efol\vSnfhjzm;jcif;jzihf csnfaESmifjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;txHü or®mw&m;udk a[m
ajymaMujimzdkY uREfkyfwdkYudkqifhac:xm;ygonf/ þor®mw&m;onf vlom;wdkYudk
4if;wdkY\tjypf'kp½dkufrS4if;? arQmfvihfcsufuif;rJhjcif;b0tajctaersdK;rS4if;
vGwfajrmufapygvdrfhrnf/ &efolonfþor®mw&m;udk &GH&Smrkef;wD;aomaMumifh
þor®mw&m;udkMum;emzdkYvdktyfaomolwdkY\ em;odkYra&mufatmifwwfEkdiforQ
[efYwm;aESmuf,Sufygvdrfhrnf/
qif;&J'ku©cHpm;&aomtcsdefü4if;? axmifeef;pHae&aomtcsdefü4if;
&SifaygvkudkESpfodrfhay;aomtaMumif;t&mwpfckrSm olonfoHBudK;ESihfcsKyfaESmif
jcif;udkcH&vihfupm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkum; b,faomtcgwGifrQ
csnfaESmifí&rnfr[kwf [laomtcsufjzpfonf/ &efolonf&Sifaygvk
udkcsKyfxdef;EdkifcJhaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkrl rqD;wm;EkdifcJhyg/
toif;awmf\orkdif;aMumif;u þtcsufudktzefwvJvJjyoxm;ygonf/ jyif;
xefaomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;umvrsm;wGif toif;awmfBuD;xGm;&ifhusufvmcJh
onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m;awmfonf 4if;ESihfxdawGUaomolwdkY\
toufwmü oufa&mufrIBuD;wpfckudkqufvufí jyKvkyfaeygonf/ bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmf&SifoefysHUESHUaejcif;udk pmwefur&yfwefYEkdifcJhyg/
&Sifaygvkonf axmifeef;pHae&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfonf
rdrdvkyfaqmif&rnfht&mudktqD;twm;r&Sdqufvufí vkyfaqmifaeygonf/
þtrIüBuD;rm;aomarQmfvihfcsufudkawGU&SdcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
onfraumif;rI'kp½dkufwdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;tm;vHk;udk aemufqHk;wGiftEkdif,lyg
vdrfhrnf/
ocifc&pfawmftwGuf4if;? ocifc&pfawmf\trIawmftwGuf4if;
taocH&efolYudkqihfac:xm;vQif xdkocifESihftwlpdk;pH&rnfhtjzpfudkvnf;
&Sifaygvkod&SdcJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ ocifbk&m;\rsufarSmufawmfü xm0&&Sifoef
&rnf[laom tHhzG,farQmfvihfcsufolYü&SdcJhonf/ aojcif;onfocifc&pfawmf
« 292 »« 291 »
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ESihftwl&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf (i,f 11)/ &efoluolYtay:üjyKvkyfEkdifaomtqdk;
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aqmifay;vdkufjcif;omjzpfcJhrnf/
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pH&rnfjzpfonf(i,f 12)/ ZGJvHk;vESihfMuHUMuHUcHaexkdif&Sifoefaomolrsm;twGuf
qkvm'fwpfyg;tjrJ&Sdaeonf/ xdkolwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfESihftwl bkef;awmf
0ifpm;Murnfjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\rsufarSmufawmfwGif olwdkYonfatmif
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vTm;cJhMuonfhtavsmuf olwdkYonfocifc&pfawmf\rsufarSmufawmfü&Sifbk&if
uJhodkY4if; aexkdifoGm;Mu&ygrnf/ þb0üMuHKawGU&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf
,m,Domjzpfonf/ aoqHk;jcif;onfxm0&&Sifoefjcif;jzpfonf/ 'ku©cH&jcif;
onf ocifc&pfawmfESihftwlpdk;pHjcif;jzpfonf/
qHk;½HI;jcif;udk awGUMuHKEkdifonfhwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm ocifbk&m;
udkpGefYypfausmcdkif;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm; jyefvnftoday;xm;onfrSm ocifbk&m;udkpGefYvTwfjiif;y,fvQif olonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkvnf; pGefYypfjiif;y,fcJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYü,HkMunfjcif;
uif;rJhaeonfhtcsdefüyif bk&m;ocifonf opöm&SdaomaMumifh rdrdudk,fudkjiif;
y,fawmfrrlwwf[laomtcsufjzpfonf (i,f 13)/
tcef;i,f 12 ütoHk;jyKxm;aom ]]jiif;y,fonf}} [laompum;vHk;
onf jiif;qefjcif; (odkY) y,fcsjcif;oabmjzihf ]]r[kwfbl;}} [kajymqdkjcif;ESihf
t"dyÜg,fwlonf/ ocifa,½Iudk uREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif aoaMuysufpD;rnfht
aMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ ocifa,½Iudku,fwif&Sif
tjzpfvufrcHcJhvQif wpfaeYrsufarSmufawmfü uREfkyfwdkY &yfMuaomtcgwGif
olonfuREfkyfwdkYudkausmcdkif;cJhygrnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkzGihf[í
txHawmfodkY OD;wnf&Sifoefjcif;rSmtb,frQta&;BuD;aeygoenf;/ ocifa,½I
udk jiif;y,fjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\uHMur®mZmwfodrf;udkwHqdyfcwfESdyfvdkufjcif;yif
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onf aemufb0wGifolonf uREfkyfwdkYudkvufcHqD;BudKcJhrnf[k arQmfvihfrxm;
oihfyg/
&Sifaygvkuqufvufí uREfkyfwdkYü,HkMunfjcif;uif;rJhMuvQifyif bk&m;
ocifrSmqufvufí opömwnfaeygrnf[kajymjycJhonf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvk\
ajymjyxm;csufukdem;vnfEkdifzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukdukd,f ta&;BuD;aom
ar;cGef;wpfck ar;&ayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfonfht&may:ü (okdY)
rnfolYtay:ü opöm&Sdygoenf;/ teufzGifhqkdcsufwpfckrSm bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\EIwfuywf awmftay:ü4if;? rdrd\jzpfwnfrIvu©Pmtay:ü4if;
tpOftjrJopöm&Sd onf[líjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonftjypf'kp½kdufukd tjypfay;
pD&ifrnfhtaMumif; rdrd\EIwfuywfawmfü twdtvif;azmfjyxm;onf/ uREkfyf
wkdYü,HkMunfjcif;uif;rJhaecJhMuvQif EIwfuywfawmfü uwdjyKxm;onfh
twkdif;uREkfyfwkdYukdw&m;pD&ifoGm;ygrnf/ þonfrSmEIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onfh t&mjzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\EIwfuywfawmftay:ü
opöm&SdaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYwyftyfodMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfokdYaom
cRif;csufukdrQxm; &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdYaMumifh olYukdjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&
ysufpD;jcif;jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfrIuif;rJhjcif;onfEIwfuywfawmfrS &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;
oGefoifay;xm;onfhtwkdif; tusKd;tjypfrsm;ukdcHpm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
« 294 »« 293 »
ouf
ooooo
ESihftwl&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf (i,f 11)/ &efoluolYtay:üjyKvkyfEkdifaomtqdk;
0g;qHk;t&monf ol\cspfpGmaomu,fwif&Sif\vufawmfodkY olYudkwdkuf½dkufydkY
aqmifay;vdkufjcif;omjzpfcJhrnf/
wdarmaoonf ocifc&pfawmfESihftwl'ku©cHvQif xdkocifESihftwl pdk;
pH&rnfjzpfonf(i,f 12)/ ZGJvHk;vESihfMuHUMuHUcHaexkdif&Sifoefaomolrsm;twGuf
qkvm'fwpfyg;tjrJ&Sdaeonf/ xdkolwdkYonf ocifc&pfawmfESihftwl bkef;awmf
0ifpm;Murnfjzpfonf/ ocifc&pfawmf\rsufarSmufawmfwGif olwdkYonfatmif
Ekdifol olawmfpifrsm;yrmjzpfcJhMurnfjzpfonf/ emrawmfjrwfüatmifjrifausmf
vTm;cJhMuonfhtavsmuf olwdkYonfocifc&pfawmf\rsufarSmufawmfü&Sifbk&if
uJhodkY4if; aexkdifoGm;Mu&ygrnf/ þb0üMuHKawGU&aomqif;&Jjcif;'ku©onf
,m,Domjzpfonf/ aoqHk;jcif;onfxm0&&Sifoefjcif;jzpfonf/ 'ku©cH&jcif;
onf ocifc&pfawmfESihftwlpdk;pHjcif;jzpfonf/
qHk;½HI;jcif;udk awGUMuHKEkdifonfhwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm ocifbk&m;
udkpGefYypfausmcdkif;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 12 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm; jyefvnftoday;xm;onfrSm ocifbk&m;udkpGefYvTwfjiif;y,fvQif olonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkvnf; pGefYypfjiif;y,fcJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYü,HkMunfjcif;
uif;rJhaeonfhtcsdefüyif bk&m;ocifonf opöm&SdaomaMumifh rdrdudk,fudkjiif;
y,fawmfrrlwwf[laomtcsufjzpfonf (i,f 13)/
tcef;i,f 12 ütoHk;jyKxm;aom ]]jiif;y,fonf}} [laompum;vHk;
onf jiif;qefjcif; (odkY) y,fcsjcif;oabmjzihf ]]r[kwfbl;}} [kajymqdkjcif;ESihf
t"dyÜg,fwlonf/ ocifa,½Iudk uREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif aoaMuysufpD;rnfht
aMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymjyxm;onf/ ocifa,½Iudku,fwif&Sif
tjzpfvufrcHcJhvQif wpfaeYrsufarSmufawmfü uREfkyfwdkY &yfMuaomtcgwGif
olonfuREfkyfwdkYudkausmcdkif;cJhygrnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkzGihf[í
txHawmfodkY OD;wnf&Sifoefjcif;rSmtb,frQta&;BuD;aeygoenf;/ ocifa,½I
udk jiif;y,fjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\uHMur®mZmwfodrf;udkwHqdyfcwfESdyfvdkufjcif;yif
jzpfonf/ þb0üoludkjiif;y,f (odkY) olESihfbmrQrqdkifouJhodkYjyKrlaexkdifjcif;
onf aemufb0wGifolonf uREfkyfwdkYudkvufcHqD;BudKcJhrnf[k arQmfvihfrxm;
oihfyg/
&Sifaygvkuqufvufí uREfkyfwdkYü,HkMunfjcif;uif;rJhMuvQifyif bk&m;
ocifrSmqufvufí opömwnfaeygrnf[kajymjycJhonf/ þae&mü&Sifaygvk\
ajymjyxm;csufukdem;vnfEkdifzkdY uREkfyfwkdYukd,fhukdukd,f ta&;BuD;aom
ar;cGef;wpfck ar;&ayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfonfht&may:ü (okdY)
rnfolYtay:ü opöm&Sdygoenf;/ teufzGifhqkdcsufwpfckrSm bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\EIwfuywf awmftay:ü4if;? rdrd\jzpfwnfrIvu©Pmtay:ü4if;
tpOftjrJopöm&Sd onf[líjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonftjypf'kp½kdufukd tjypfay;
pD&ifrnfhtaMumif; rdrd\EIwfuywfawmfü twdtvif;azmfjyxm;onf/ uREkfyf
wkdYü,HkMunfjcif;uif;rJhaecJhMuvQif EIwfuywfawmfü uwdjyKxm;onfh
twkdif;uREkfyfwkdYukdw&m;pD&ifoGm;ygrnf/ þonfrSmEIwfuywfawmfu
oGefoifay;xm;onfh t&mjzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\EIwfuywfawmftay:ü
opöm&SdaMumif;ukd uREkfyfwkdYwyftyfodMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfokdYaom
cRif;csufukdrQxm; &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdYaMumifh olYukdjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&
ysufpD;jcif;jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfrIuif;rJhjcif;onfEIwfuywfawmfrS &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;
oGefoifay;xm;onfhtwkdif; tusKd;tjypfrsm;ukdcHpm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
« 294 »« 293 »
ouf
ooooo
þtaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd wdarmaorSrdrd\vlwkdYtm;owday;&ef &Sif
aygvkuajymjycJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf&Sd or®mw&m;rSmtvGef
½kd;&Sif;ygonf/ ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&ysufpD;jcif;jzpfí ,kHMunfrI
uif;rJhjcif;onftusKd;tjypfrsm;ukdcHpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;
íusrf;wufyk*¾dKvfrsm;u trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ wdarmao
wkdY\acwfumvwGif vltcsKdUuþor®mw&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pum;vkH;t"dyÜg,f
rsm;üjiif;ckefaecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfþor®mw&m;ukd rdrdwkdYvkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifh
vkdufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdatmifjiif;ckefí teufzGifhqkdjcif;jzifh ½kd;&Sif;vSaomor®m
w&m;ukd½IyfaxG;atmifvkyfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfvlwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;
awmf\½kd;&Sif;rIrSESifxkwfjcif;jzifh vrf;vTJapcJhMuygonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYjyKvkyfaeaomt&mESifhpyfvsOf;í tjrJrjywf
owday;ae&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wkdufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGuf Ncdrf;ajcmufrIwpfckjzpfaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf
vlwkdYtm;or®mw&m;ukdausmckdif;í vSnfhjyefoGm;apaeMuygonf/ {'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJüvnf; pmwefonf{0tm;bk&m;ocifajymxm;aomt&mESifh pyfvsOf;í
oHo,yGm;ar;cGef;xkwf&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olrtxHrSwpfpkH
wpf&mukdzkH;uG,fxm;aMumif; olrtm;ajymjyjcif;jzifh ½kd;pif;vSaombk&m;ocif
\ynwfcsufukdpmwefpdefac:cJhonf/ pmwefonf½kd;pif;vSaomor®mw&m;ukd
½IyfaxG;atmifvkyfcJhjcif;jzifh olrukdremcHjcif;vrf;okdY ac:aqmifoGm;cJhonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomvlwkdYrSmvnf; þaxmifacsmuftwGif;ü usa&mufaeMu
onf/
EIwfuywfawmf\½kd;pif;aomor®mw&m;ukd t&Sdtwkdif;vufcHrnfhtpm;
rdrdwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdatmif teufzGifhMuaomvlrsm;
ukdoifhMuKHaumif;MuKHzl;ygvdrhfrnf/ tcef;i,f(15)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;bk&m;ociftodtrSwfjyKaomoltjzpf ukdk,fhukdukd,fqufozkdYpdefac:wkduf
wGef;xm;onf/ bk&m;ociftodtrSwfjyKaomolwpfOD;jzpf&efwpfckwnf;aom
enf;vrf;rSm or®mw&m;ESihftnDaexkdifí? xdkor®mw&m;udka[majymjcif;yifjzpf
onf/ olonfor®mw&m;udk rSefuefpGmydkif;jcm;cJhaomaMumifh &SufaMumufp&m
taMumif;r&Sdaom q&morm;uJhodkYjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdvufcH&&SdcJhonfh
twdkif; xdkor®mw&m;udktjcm;olrsm; tm;qufvufírQa0&rnfjzpfonf/
ol\teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;u 4if;wdkY\udk,fydkift,ltq
rsm;udkoGefoifay;aeMuonf/ olwdkYonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ ½dk;pif;
aomor®mw&m;udkjiif;y,faeMuonf/ olwdkYonf pum;vHk;rsm;ESihft,ltqrsm;
tay:ü jiif;ckefaeMuonf/ þbmoma&; ynm&SifBuD;rsm;\jiif;cHkrIrsm;wGif
or®mw&m;rSmaysmufqHk;aeonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkYrSmvnf; oabmxm;uGJMu&
onf/
EIwfuywfawmfygpum;vHk;rsm;rSm ½dk;&Sif;vSygonf/ &efolonfxdkpum;
vHk;rsm;udk½IyfaxG;oGm;atmif wwfEdkifonfhenf;vrf;tm;vHk;jzihf vkyfaqmifygvdrfh
rnf/ odkYaomfocifbk&m;udkuREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif oluvnf;uREfkyfwdkYudkjiif;y,f
cJhrnf[laomtcsufonf ½dk;&Sif;aomor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkrdrd\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f vufcH&,l&eftb,frQvdkvm;rI&SdcJhygovJ/
uREfkyfwdkYolYtxHodkYjyefoGm;vQif olonfrdrd\vufrsm;udkqefYwef;vsuf uREfkyfwdkY
udkqD;BudKvufcHygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfolYudkjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&ysufuD;jcif;om
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ þor®mw&m;udka[majymzdkY &SifaygvkrSmqihfac:jcif;cHcJh&onf/
þw&m;awmfonf tvGef½dk;&Sif;vihfupm; tvGefta&;BuD;aomw&m;awmf
« 296 »« 295 »
ouf
ooooo
þtaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd wdarmaorSrdrd\vlwkdYtm;owday;&ef &Sif
aygvkuajymjycJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf&Sd or®mw&m;rSmtvGef
½kd;&Sif;ygonf/ ocifa,½Iukdjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&ysufpD;jcif;jzpfí ,kHMunfrI
uif;rJhjcif;onftusKd;tjypfrsm;ukdcHpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;
íusrf;wufyk*¾dKvfrsm;u trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm;ukdjyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ wdarmao
wkdY\acwfumvwGif vltcsKdUuþor®mw&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pum;vkH;t"dyÜg,f
rsm;üjiif;ckefaecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfþor®mw&m;ukd rdrdwkdYvkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifh
vkdufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdatmifjiif;ckefí teufzGifhqkdjcif;jzifh ½kd;&Sif;vSaomor®m
w&m;ukd½IyfaxG;atmifvkyfcJhMuonf/ olwkdYonfvlwkdYtm; owif;aumif;w&m;
awmf\½kd;&Sif;rIrSESifxkwfjcif;jzifh vrf;vTJapcJhMuygonf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; 4if;wkdYjyKvkyfaeaomt&mESifhpyfvsOf;í tjrJrjywf
owday;ae&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoukd wkdufwGef;pdefac:cJhonf/ olwkdYonf
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGuf Ncdrf;ajcmufrIwpfckjzpfaeMuonf/ olwkdYonf
vlwkdYtm;or®mw&m;ukdausmckdif;í vSnfhjyefoGm;apaeMuygonf/ {'ifO,smOf
BuD;xJüvnf; pmwefonf{0tm;bk&m;ocifajymxm;aomt&mESifh pyfvsOf;í
oHo,yGm;ar;cGef;xkwf&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olrtxHrSwpfpkH
wpf&mukdzkH;uG,fxm;aMumif; olrtm;ajymjyjcif;jzifh ½kd;pif;vSaombk&m;ocif
\ynwfcsufukdpmwefpdefac:cJhonf/ pmwefonf½kd;pif;vSaomor®mw&m;ukd
½IyfaxG;atmifvkyfcJhjcif;jzifh olrukdremcHjcif;vrf;okdY ac:aqmifoGm;cJhonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomvlwkdYrSmvnf; þaxmifacsmuftwGif;ü usa&mufaeMu
onf/
EIwfuywfawmf\½kd;pif;aomor®mw&m;ukd t&Sdtwkdif;vufcHrnfhtpm;
rdrdwkdY\vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdatmif teufzGifhMuaomvlrsm;
ukdoifhMuKHaumif;MuKHzl;ygvdrhfrnf/ tcef;i,f(15)wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;bk&m;ociftodtrSwfjyKaomoltjzpf ukdk,fhukdukd,fqufozkdYpdefac:wkduf
wGef;xm;onf/ bk&m;ociftodtrSwfjyKaomolwpfOD;jzpf&efwpfckwnf;aom
enf;vrf;rSm or®mw&m;ESihftnDaexkdifí? xdkor®mw&m;udka[majymjcif;yifjzpf
onf/ olonfor®mw&m;udk rSefuefpGmydkif;jcm;cJhaomaMumifh &SufaMumufp&m
taMumif;r&Sdaom q&morm;uJhodkYjzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdvufcH&&SdcJhonfh
twdkif; xdkor®mw&m;udktjcm;olrsm; tm;qufvufírQa0&rnfjzpfonf/
ol\teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;u 4if;wdkY\udk,fydkift,ltq
rsm;udkoGefoifay;aeMuonf/ olwdkYonf owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ ½dk;pif;
aomor®mw&m;udkjiif;y,faeMuonf/ olwdkYonf pum;vHk;rsm;ESihft,ltqrsm;
tay:ü jiif;ckefaeMuonf/ þbmoma&; ynm&SifBuD;rsm;\jiif;cHkrIrsm;wGif
or®mw&m;rSmaysmufqHk;aeonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkYrSmvnf; oabmxm;uGJMu&
onf/
EIwfuywfawmfygpum;vHk;rsm;rSm ½dk;&Sif;vSygonf/ &efolonfxdkpum;
vHk;rsm;udk½IyfaxG;oGm;atmif wwfEdkifonfhenf;vrf;tm;vHk;jzihf vkyfaqmifygvdrfh
rnf/ odkYaomfocifbk&m;udkuREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif oluvnf;uREfkyfwdkYudkjiif;y,f
cJhrnf[laomtcsufonf ½dk;&Sif;aomor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkrdrd\om;orD;rsm;ozG,f vufcH&,l&eftb,frQvdkvm;rI&SdcJhygovJ/
uREfkyfwdkYolYtxHodkYjyefoGm;vQif olonfrdrd\vufrsm;udkqefYwef;vsuf uREfkyfwdkY
udkqD;BudKvufcHygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfolYudkjiif;y,fjcif;onf xm0&ysufuD;jcif;om
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ þor®mw&m;udka[majymzdkY &SifaygvkrSmqihfac:jcif;cHcJh&onf/
þw&m;awmfonf tvGef½dk;&Sif;vihfupm; tvGefta&;BuD;aomw&m;awmf
« 296 »« 295 »
ouf
ooooo
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w&m;awmfa&muf&SdoGm;zdkY BudK;pm;&müjzpfay:vmrnfhtcuftcJrsm;tm;vHk;udk
&ifqkdifzdkY &SifaygvktqifoihfjzpfaecJhygonf/ þor®mw&m;udka[mMum;a0iS&m
ü rdrdtoufudkyifpaw;zdkY &Sifaygvkvdkvm;vsuf&Sdonf/
wdarmaou rdrdonftjcm;aomowif;aumif;w&m;udk a[majymae
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yk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm xufjrufí ynm&SiftawG;tac:rsm;udk ydkifqkdifxm;MuaMumif;rSm
jzpfEkdifzG,f&Sdonf/ odkYaomfolwdkYonf {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJrSpmwefuJhodkYyif bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk ar;cGef;xkwfaeMuonf/ olwdkYonf½dk;&Sif;aom or®m
w&m;udk ½IyfaxG;NyD;a&a&mí trSm;aESmaeaomw&m;ESihfvSJv,fí olwdkYudk
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½dk;&Sif;rIudkjyefvnftoday;cJhNyD;? olMum;emcJh&aom or®mw&m;tay:ü tpOf
opöm&Sd&efpdefac:cJhonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
'g0d'f\rsdK;EG,fjzpfaom ocifc&pfawmfonf aojcif;rSjyefvnf
xajrmufcJhonf[laomw&m;awmfudk owif;aumif;tjzpf &Sifaygvku
þtydkif;wGifajymjyxm;onf/ 'g0d'f\rsdK;EG,fjzpfjcif;ESihf aojcif;rS
jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;[laomor®mw&m;ESpfyg;wGif owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfudkrnfokdYawGU&oenf;/
ocifbk&m;udk uREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif ocifbk&m;uvnf;uREfkyfwdkYudk
jiif;y,fygvdrfhrnf[kqdk&mwGif &Sifaygvkrnfonfht&mudkqdkvdkxm;yg
oenf;/ þw&m;awmfudka[majyma0iS&efrSm tb,faMumifhtvGef
ta&;yg&ygoenf;/
aojcif;üyif&Sifaygvkydkifqkdifxm;aom arQmfvihfcsufESihfywfoufí þ
usrf;csufuuREfkyfwdkYudkrnfodkY oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
&efolonfor®mw&m;udk rnfodkYwdkufcdkufírnfodkY½IyfaxG;apum? rnfodkY
trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif;jzpfcJhrnf[laomtcsufESihfpyfvsOf;í uREfkyfwdkY
rnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/ oifaexkdif&mtodkif;t0kdif;ü þ½IyfaxG;rI\
taxmuftxm;udkawGUjrifzl;ygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsuf
or®mw&m;udk rSefuefpGmydkif;jcm;wwfaomq&morsm;jzpfzdkY ulnDrp
ay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
vlwkdif;uem;vnfEkdifzdkY or®mw&m;udkt½dk;&Sif;qHk;zefwD;ay;cJhonfh t
wGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudk ,HkMunfvufcHrnfholrsm;tm;vHk;tay:ü
ay;tyfxm;aomtHhzG,farQmfvihfcsuftwGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ þowif;aumif;w&m;twGuf oifhudkqifhac:cJhjcif;ESihf xdkuf
wefaomtoufwmudk&SifoefzdkY aus;Zl;awmfoGef;avmif;ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
þowif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ þ½dk;&Sif;aomor®mw&m;udku oifh
rdwfaqGrsm;ESihf tdrfeD;csif;rsm;uawGUjrifEkdifzdkY olwdkY\pdwfrsufvHk;rsm;udk
zGihfay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 298 »« 297 »
ouf
ooooo
vnf;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY\tjypf'kp½dkufü vrf;aysmufaeaomolrsm;txHü þ
w&m;awmfa&muf&SdoGm;zdkY BudK;pm;&müjzpfay:vmrnfhtcuftcJrsm;tm;vHk;udk
&ifqkdifzdkY &SifaygvktqifoihfjzpfaecJhygonf/ þor®mw&m;udka[mMum;a0iS&m
ü rdrdtoufudkyifpaw;zdkY &Sifaygvkvdkvm;vsuf&Sdonf/
wdarmaou rdrdonftjcm;aomowif;aumif;w&m;udk a[majymae
aomolrsm;\tv,füa&muf&SdaeaMumif;udk od&SdcJhonfrSmxif&Sm;onf/ xdk
yk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm xufjrufí ynm&SiftawG;tac:rsm;udk ydkifqkdifxm;MuaMumif;rSm
jzpfEkdifzG,f&Sdonf/ odkYaomfolwdkYonf {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJrSpmwefuJhodkYyif bk&m;
ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk ar;cGef;xkwfaeMuonf/ olwdkYonf½dk;&Sif;aom or®m
w&m;udk ½IyfaxG;NyD;a&a&mí trSm;aESmaeaomw&m;ESihfvSJv,fí olwdkYudk
vrf;vTJapcJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;owif;aumif;w&m;awmf\
½dk;&Sif;rIudkjyefvnftoday;cJhNyD;? olMum;emcJh&aom or®mw&m;tay:ü tpOf
opöm&Sd&efpdefac:cJhonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
'g0d'f\rsdK;EG,fjzpfaom ocifc&pfawmfonf aojcif;rSjyefvnf
xajrmufcJhonf[laomw&m;awmfudk owif;aumif;tjzpf &Sifaygvku
þtydkif;wGifajymjyxm;onf/ 'g0d'f\rsdK;EG,fjzpfjcif;ESihf aojcif;rS
jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;[laomor®mw&m;ESpfyg;wGif owif;aumif;
w&m;awmfudkrnfokdYawGU&oenf;/
ocifbk&m;udk uREfkyfwdkYjiif;y,fvQif ocifbk&m;uvnf;uREfkyfwdkYudk
jiif;y,fygvdrfhrnf[kqdk&mwGif &Sifaygvkrnfonfht&mudkqdkvdkxm;yg
oenf;/ þw&m;awmfudka[majyma0iS&efrSm tb,faMumifhtvGef
ta&;yg&ygoenf;/
aojcif;üyif&Sifaygvkydkifqkdifxm;aom arQmfvihfcsufESihfywfoufí þ
usrf;csufuuREfkyfwdkYudkrnfodkY oGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
&efolonfor®mw&m;udk rnfodkYwdkufcdkufírnfodkY½IyfaxG;apum? rnfodkY
trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif;jzpfcJhrnf[laomtcsufESihfpyfvsOf;í uREfkyfwdkY
rnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/ oifaexkdif&mtodkif;t0kdif;ü þ½IyfaxG;rI\
taxmuftxm;udkawGUjrifzl;ygovm;/
qkawmif;&eftcsuf
or®mw&m;udk rSefuefpGmydkif;jcm;wwfaomq&morsm;jzpfzdkY ulnDrp
ay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
vlwkdif;uem;vnfEkdifzdkY or®mw&m;udkt½dk;&Sif;qHk;zefwD;ay;cJhonfh t
wGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudk ,HkMunfvufcHrnfholrsm;tm;vHk;tay:ü
ay;tyfxm;aomtHhzG,farQmfvihfcsuftwGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/ þowif;aumif;w&m;twGuf oifhudkqifhac:cJhjcif;ESihf xdkuf
wefaomtoufwmudk&SifoefzdkY aus;Zl;awmfoGef;avmif;ay;&ef awmif;
avQmufyg/
þowif;aumif;w&m;awmf\ þ½dk;&Sif;aomor®mw&m;udku oifh
rdwfaqGrsm;ESihf tdrfeD;csif;rsm;uawGUjrifEkdifzdkY olwdkY\pdwfrsufvHk;rsm;udk
zGihfay;zdkY bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
« 298 »« 297 »
ouf
ooooo
29
jrihfjrwfaomwefqmyvmrsm;
2 wd 2;16;26 udkzwf½Iyg
ocifa,½Iu uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmü jyKvkyfEkdifaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;udk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;taejzihf þavmuBuD;udkoufaoom"utjzpf
jyoMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wdarmaotm;a&;om;ay;ydkYcJhaom þpmapmif\aemuf
wpfydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\,HkMunfjcif; om;jzpfoludkteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;txHü
pHjyyk*¾dKvftjzpf&Sifoefaexkdif&ef pdefac:wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/ þtaMumif;
t&mESihfpyfvsOf;í wdarmaotm;ay;xm;aom &Sifaygvk\tMuHay;wdkufwGef;
csufudk avhvmoHk;oyfoGm;zdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;udka&Smifavmh
&Sifaygvku wdarmaoudkay;xm;aomyxrtMuHjyKwdkufwGef;pum;rSm
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;udka&Smif&efjzpfonf/ w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;
pum;qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;/ usrf;toGm;tvmu uREfkyfwdkYudktenf;i,f
ulnDay;ygvdrfhrnf/ þtrSm;udkusL;vGefaeMuaomvlESpfa,muftaMumif;udk
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/ tcef;i,f 18 (jrefrmusrf;pmwGif
17)t& [kareJESihfzdvufygwdkYu aovGefaomolrsm;&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf
jzpfysufcJhNy;DjzpfaMumif; oGefoifay;aecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\udk,fydkif
t,ltqrsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkY Ekwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;udk ausmckdif;
cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& olwdkYonfw&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD; pum;
twGuftjypf&SdMuonf/olwdkY oGefoifay;aomt&mrsm;onf c&pfawmf\
udk,fcE¨mawmfudk aumif;usdK;rjyKcJh yg (odkY) bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYudkor®mw&m;xJodkY
vrf;ñTefray;cJhyg/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkifawG;xifrIrsm;ESihf t,ltq
rsm;udka0iS&if; or®musrf;pmrS vrf;vTJ oGm;cJhMuonf/ vlajrmufrsm; pGmudkvnf;
olwdkYESihftwlvrf;vTJapcJhMuonf (i,f 18)/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& w&m;rJhaom
tcsnf;tESD;pum;qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\&Sif;vif;wdusaom
oGefoifxm;csufESihf qefYusifaomvlYt,ltqrsm;ESihf awG;xifrIrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ 4if;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifESihf EIwfuywf awmfrSa&mufvmaomt&mrsm;
r[kwfMuouJhodkY c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfudk vnf;rwnfaqmufaomaMumifh
w&m;rJhMuonf/
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;ESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;ay;xm;aomowday;csufudk owdjyKyg/ wrefawmfBuD;u wdarmaotm;
þuJhodkYaompum;ajymqdkrIrsdK;üyg0ifaomolwdkif;onf bk&m;rodaomolrsm;
tjzpfodkYydkí ydkía&muf&SdoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftm;rMunfh½IbJaeorQumvywfvHk; uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,f
tjyKrSm;? t,lrSm;rsm;0ifvm&efvrf;zGihfxm;aeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdESihf
4if;? rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf4if; oufqkdifaom or®mw&m;udkodEkdifMu&ef
twGuf ol\EIwfuywfawmfudkuREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;xm;onf/
rdrdwdkY\vdkcsifonfht&mrsm;ESihf tH0ifcGifusjzpfatmif bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfudk rvSdrfhwywfvkyfcJhjcif;jzihf rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;udktavsmh
twif;tay;t,lvkyfcJhMuaomolrsm;udk toif;awmforkdif;aMumif;wpfavQmuf
wGifawGU&onf/ bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfESihfolwdkY\acwfumv ,Ofaus;rI
« 300 »
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ooooo
29
jrihfjrwfaomwefqmyvmrsm;
2 wd 2;16;26 udkzwf½Iyg
ocifa,½Iu uREfkyfwdkY\toufwmü jyKvkyfEkdifaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;udk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;taejzihf þavmuBuD;udkoufaoom"utjzpf
jyoMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wdarmaotm;a&;om;ay;ydkYcJhaom þpmapmif\aemuf
wpfydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\,HkMunfjcif; om;jzpfoludkteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;txHü
pHjyyk*¾dKvftjzpf&Sifoefaexkdif&ef pdefac:wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/ þtaMumif;
t&mESihfpyfvsOf;í wdarmaotm;ay;xm;aom &Sifaygvk\tMuHay;wdkufwGef;
csufudk avhvmoHk;oyfoGm;zdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f,lMuygpdkY/
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;udka&Smifavmh
&Sifaygvku wdarmaoudkay;xm;aomyxrtMuHjyKwdkufwGef;pum;rSm
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;udka&Smif&efjzpfonf/ w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;
pum;qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;/ usrf;toGm;tvmu uREfkyfwdkYudktenf;i,f
ulnDay;ygvdrfhrnf/ þtrSm;udkusL;vGefaeMuaomvlESpfa,muftaMumif;udk
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/ tcef;i,f 18 (jrefrmusrf;pmwGif
17)t& [kareJESihfzdvufygwdkYu aovGefaomolrsm;&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf
jzpfysufcJhNy;DjzpfaMumif; oGefoifay;aecJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\udk,fydkif
t,ltqrsm;udk oGefoifay;zdkY Ekwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;udk ausmckdif;
cJhMuonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& olwdkYonfw&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD; pum;
twGuftjypf&SdMuonf/olwdkY oGefoifay;aomt&mrsm;onf c&pfawmf\
udk,fcE¨mawmfudk aumif;usdK;rjyKcJh yg (odkY) bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYudkor®mw&m;xJodkY
vrf;ñTefray;cJhyg/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkifawG;xifrIrsm;ESihf t,ltq
rsm;udka0iS&if; or®musrf;pmrS vrf;vTJ oGm;cJhMuonf/ vlajrmufrsm; pGmudkvnf;
olwdkYESihftwlvrf;vTJapcJhMuonf (i,f 18)/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& w&m;rJhaom
tcsnf;tESD;pum;qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\&Sif;vif;wdusaom
oGefoifxm;csufESihf qefYusifaomvlYt,ltqrsm;ESihf awG;xifrIrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ 4if;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifESihf EIwfuywf awmfrSa&mufvmaomt&mrsm;
r[kwfMuouJhodkY c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfudk vnf;rwnfaqmufaomaMumifh
w&m;rJhMuonf/
w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;ESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvkuwdarmao
tm;ay;xm;aomowday;csufudk owdjyKyg/ wrefawmfBuD;u wdarmaotm;
þuJhodkYaompum;ajymqdkrIrsdK;üyg0ifaomolwdkif;onf bk&m;rodaomolrsm;
tjzpfodkYydkí ydkía&muf&SdoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmftm;rMunfh½IbJaeorQumvywfvHk; uREfkyfwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,f
tjyKrSm;? t,lrSm;rsm;0ifvm&efvrf;zGihfxm;aeMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdESihf
4if;? rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf4if; oufqkdifaom or®mw&m;udkodEkdifMu&ef
twGuf ol\EIwfuywfawmfudkuREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;xm;onf/
rdrdwdkY\vdkcsifonfht&mrsm;ESihf tH0ifcGifusjzpfatmif bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfawmfudk rvSdrfhwywfvkyfcJhjcif;jzihf rdrdwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;udktavsmh
twif;tay;t,lvkyfcJhMuaomolrsm;udk toif;awmforkdif;aMumif;wpfavQmuf
wGifawGU&onf/ bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfESihfolwdkY\acwfumv ,Ofaus;rI
« 300 »
ouf
ooooo
vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef EIwfuywfawmfjznfhxnfhjcif; (odkY) vTJrSm;pGmteufzGihf
jcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumvüyiftpDtpOfrsm;ESihf enf;
y&d,m,frsm;udkvdkufemusihfoHk;aeaomtoif;awmfrsm;&Sdaeonf/ toif;awmf
wdk;wufBuD;xGm;a&;twGufolwdkYonfxdktpDtpOfrsm;ESihf enf;y&d,m,frsm;
tay:ü4if;wdkY\,HkMunfrIudk yHktyfxm;Muonf/ rdrdwdkY\toif;awmfüyg0if
wufa&mufolrsm;udk pdwftaESmuft,Sufray;rdzdkYtvdkYiSmor®musrf;pm\ xl;
jcm;av;eufaomoGefoifcsufrsm;udka[majyma0iSjcif;rvkyfonftxd vltcsdKU
rSmtpGef;a&mufaeMuonf/ þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
tm; uREfkyfwdkY\,HkMunfcsufESihftoufwmvrf;ñTeftjzpftoHk;jyK&ef vHkavmuf
rIr&Sd[kqdkaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ þodkYaomftoif;awmfrsm;onfta&twGufü
wdk;yGm;aumif;wdk;yGm;EkdifMuaomfvnf; trsm;pkrSmtppftrSefr[kwfMuyg/
ppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf EIwfuywfawmfudkMum;emjcif;rSa&mufvmonf
(a&mr 10;17 udkMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfae&mü vlht,l
tqrsm;ESihftawG;tac:rsm;jzihftpm;xdk;aomtcg &v'frSmbmomw&m;
rudkif;½dIif;jcif;omjzpf vmygrnf/ [kareJ ESihf zdvufywdkY\w&m;rJhaom oGefoif
csufonf clemcJhodkYysHUESHU vdIufpm;aeaMumif;udkowdjyKyg (i,f 17)/ rSm;,Gif;
aomoGefoifcsufESihfw&m;rJh aomtcsnf;ESD;pum;wdkY\om;aumif; tjzpfus
a&mufoGm;aomolrsm; tjrJ&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ þoGefoifcsufonf clemuJhodkY
tom;udkvdIufpm;wwfaomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& w&m;rJhaom
tcsnf;tESD;pum;onf clemuJhodkYjzpfNyD;? udk,fcE¨mwpfckvHk;odkYysHUESHroGm;zdkY jzwf
awmuf z,f&Sm;ypf&efvdktyfaomt&mvnf;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomþ
oGefoifcsufonf toif;awmfwpfckvHk;odkY ysHUESHU oGm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;&Sdonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;bk&m;ocif\EIwfuyawmfESihfteD;uyf&Sdae
zdkYwdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf bk&m;ocifESihf
uREfkyfwdkY\vufwGJavQmufvSrf;jcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkYtm;oefY&Sif;apí &ifhusufvm
apygvdrfhrnf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtay:üMoZmt&SdqHk;t&mESihf
vrf;ñTefjzpf&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf EIwfuywfawmfESihfteD;uyfaeí vlht,ltq
rsm;ESihf avmuDtawG;tac:rsm;\ w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;rsm;ü
om;aumiftjzpfrusa&mufoihfMuyg/
rw&m;aomtrIudka&Smif&rnf
þavmuBuD;wGif vlYtawG;tac:t,ltqrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREfkyfwdkY
onf rD'D,mrsm;tm;jzihf4if;? uREfkyfwdkYteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;ESihfpum;ajymqdkjcif;
tm;jzihf4if;wdkYt,ltqrsm;\ AHk;MuJwdkufcdkufjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ tcsdefumv
[laomppfaMumjcif;udk MuHUMuHUcHrnfhor®mw&m;wpfckwnf;om&Sdonf/ vltawG;
tac:rsm;ESihft,ltqrsm;onf ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaeMuonf/ rysuf
rqD;raysmufr&S usef&pfaomor®mw&m;rSmbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®m
w&m;omjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku þor®mw&m;udk ckdifcHhaomwdkufjrpfESihfcdkif;EIdif;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf r,drf;r,dkif ckdifckdifjrJjrJ &yfwnf
awmfrlonf/ bk&m;ocif\*wdawmfrsm;onf tjynfht0tm;udk; xdkufonf/
bk&m;ocifajymqdkxm;csufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfudk;pm;Ekdifonf/ bk&m;ocif\
xdkajymqdkxm;csufrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkvrf;jyí uG,fumapmifha&Smuf
ygvdrfhrnf/
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlwdkYudkoduRrf;awmfrlonfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
« 302 »« 301 »
ouf
ooooo
vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef EIwfuywfawmfjznfhxnfhjcif; (odkY) vTJrSm;pGmteufzGihf
jcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\acwfumvüyiftpDtpOfrsm;ESihf enf;
y&d,m,frsm;udkvdkufemusihfoHk;aeaomtoif;awmfrsm;&Sdaeonf/ toif;awmf
wdk;wufBuD;xGm;a&;twGufolwdkYonfxdktpDtpOfrsm;ESihf enf;y&d,m,frsm;
tay:ü4if;wdkY\,HkMunfrIudk yHktyfxm;Muonf/ rdrdwdkY\toif;awmfüyg0if
wufa&mufolrsm;udk pdwftaESmuft,Sufray;rdzdkYtvdkYiSmor®musrf;pm\ xl;
jcm;av;eufaomoGefoifcsufrsm;udka[majyma0iSjcif;rvkyfonftxd vltcsdKU
rSmtpGef;a&mufaeMuonf/ þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf
tm; uREfkyfwdkY\,HkMunfcsufESihftoufwmvrf;ñTeftjzpftoHk;jyK&ef vHkavmuf
rIr&Sd[kqdkaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ þodkYaomftoif;awmfrsm;onfta&twGufü
wdk;yGm;aumif;wdk;yGm;EkdifMuaomfvnf; trsm;pkrSmtppftrSefr[kwfMuyg/
ppfrSefaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf EIwfuywfawmfudkMum;emjcif;rSa&mufvmonf
(a&mr 10;17 udkMunfhyg)/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfae&mü vlht,l
tqrsm;ESihftawG;tac:rsm;jzihftpm;xdk;aomtcg &v'frSmbmomw&m;
rudkif;½dIif;jcif;omjzpf vmygrnf/ [kareJ ESihf zdvufywdkY\w&m;rJhaom oGefoif
csufonf clemcJhodkYysHUESHU vdIufpm;aeaMumif;udkowdjyKyg (i,f 17)/ rSm;,Gif;
aomoGefoifcsufESihfw&m;rJh aomtcsnf;ESD;pum;wdkY\om;aumif; tjzpfus
a&mufoGm;aomolrsm; tjrJ&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ þoGefoifcsufonf clemuJhodkY
tom;udkvdIufpm;wwfaomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk\tqdkt& w&m;rJhaom
tcsnf;tESD;pum;onf clemuJhodkYjzpfNyD;? udk,fcE¨mwpfckvHk;odkYysHUESHroGm;zdkY jzwf
awmuf z,f&Sm;ypf&efvdktyfaomt&mvnf;jzpfonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomþ
oGefoifcsufonf toif;awmfwpfckvHk;odkY ysHUESHU oGm;EkdifonfhtpGrf;&Sdonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;bk&m;ocif\EIwfuyawmfESihfteD;uyf&Sdae
zdkYwdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf bk&m;ocifESihf
uREfkyfwdkY\vufwGJavQmufvSrf;jcif;wGif uREfkyfwdkYtm;oefY&Sif;apí &ifhusufvm
apygvdrfhrnf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtay:üMoZmt&SdqHk;t&mESihf
vrf;ñTefjzpf&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf EIwfuywfawmfESihfteD;uyfaeí vlht,ltq
rsm;ESihf avmuDtawG;tac:rsm;\ w&m;rJhaomtcsnf;tESD;pum;rsm;ü
om;aumiftjzpfrusa&mufoihfMuyg/
rw&m;aomtrIudka&Smif&rnf
þavmuBuD;wGif vlYtawG;tac:t,ltqrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ uREfkyfwdkY
onf rD'D,mrsm;tm;jzihf4if;? uREfkyfwdkYteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;ESihfpum;ajymqdkjcif;
tm;jzihf4if;wdkYt,ltqrsm;\ AHk;MuJwdkufcdkufjcif;udkcHMu&onf/ tcsdefumv
[laomppfaMumjcif;udk MuHUMuHUcHrnfhor®mw&m;wpfckwnf;om&Sdonf/ vltawG;
tac:rsm;ESihft,ltqrsm;onf ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaeMuonf/ rysuf
rqD;raysmufr&S usef&pfaomor®mw&m;rSmbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ or®m
w&m;omjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku þor®mw&m;udk ckdifcHhaomwdkufjrpfESihfcdkif;EIdif;
xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf r,drf;r,dkif ckdifckdifjrJjrJ &yfwnf
awmfrlonf/ bk&m;ocif\*wdawmfrsm;onf tjynfht0tm;udk; xdkufonf/
bk&m;ocifajymqdkxm;csufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfudk;pm;Ekdifonf/ bk&m;ocif\
xdkajymqdkxm;csufrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYudkvrf;jyí uG,fumapmifha&Smuf
ygvdrfhrnf/
ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\vlwdkYudkoduRrf;awmfrlonfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvk
« 302 »« 301 »
ouf
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u wdarmaotm;today;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYrSm em;rawmfjrwfudk
0efcHí rw&m;aomtrIudkausmcdkif;cJhMuaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ rw&m;aom
trI[laomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYodEkdifrnfenf; (odkY) bk&m;ocifawmif;qdk
jy|mef;xm;aomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYodEkdifrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfü uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf þtcsif;t&mudka&;rSwfrxm;aybl;vm;/ rw&m;
aomtrIudka&Smif&Sm;&ef uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfüarGUavsmf
aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifawmif;qdkjy|mef;xm;aom or®mw&m;rsm;
udkodEdkifzdkY xdkEIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmrSwfom;í ESvHk;oGif;qifjcifMu&rnf/
tcef;i,f(20)wGif &Sifaygvkutdrfwpftdrf\yHko@mefudk toHk;jyKxm;
onf/ tdrfBuD;wpftdrfwGif0w¬KwefqmESpfrsdK;&Sdonf[k &Sifaygvku wdarmaoudk
ajymjyxm;onf/ tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYudk a&G? aiGwdkYESihfjyKvkyfxm;NyD; tcsdKU
udk opfom;? &GHUajrwdkYjzihfjyKvkyfxm;onf/ tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYrSm toa&
&Sdaomwefqmrsm;jzpfMuNyD;tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYrSm toa&r&Sdaomwefqm
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ rdwfaqG{nfhonfrsm;udktdrfodkYzdwfac:í npfywfaeaom
yk*Hrsm;jzihf tpm;taomufudkwnfcif;{nfhcHonfhtjzpfudk Oyrmwpfcktaejzihf
pdwful;Munfhyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\{nfhonfrsm;twGuf4if;? tjcm;wpfOD;wpfa,muf
twGuf xdkypönf;rsm;udktoHk;jyKrnfqdkvQif OD;pGmaq;aMumoefYpif&ygrnf/ uREfkyf
wdkY\0dnmOfa&;&mwGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(2)wGif &Sifaygvk
u uREfkyfwdkYtm;udk,fudkudk,faq;aMumoefYpifxm;vQif jrihfjrwfaom
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf wefqmaumif;rsm;jzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf [kajymjy
xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ociftwGufoefY&Sif;pifMu,fítoHk;0ifMuygvdrfhrnf/
þtaMumif;aMumifh uREfkyfwdkYrSmrw&m;aomtrIrsm;udka&Smif&Sm;MuzdkY vdktyf
onf/ bk&m;ocif twGuftoHk;awmfcHvdkvQif bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfüoefY&Sif;
pifMu,faezdkY uREfkyfwdkYbufrS wwfEdkifoavmufvkyfaqmif&ygrnf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfxJü vufeufwefqmrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavQmuf
uREfkyfwdkYonfZmwdpdwf\wyfrufjcif;? udavompdwfrsm;rSa&Smifajy;Mu&rnf
(i,f 22)/ uREfkyfwdkY\txJü&Sdonfhraumif;aomwyfrufjcif;rsm;ü aeYpOfao
Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 22 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]a&Smifajy;onf}} [laom
pum;vHk;udk toHk;jyKxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\taoG;tom;onf
tmomajyauseyfrIudkvdktyfonf/ 4if;onf'kp½dkuftrIbufodkY udkif;ñGwfae
onf/ &Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYtm;xdktaoG;tom;Zmwdpdwfudk xdef;csKyfí4if;\
awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk jiif;y,fMuzdkYvdktyfonf [kajymjyxm;onf/ raumif;aom
þpdwfqE´rsm;udk bk&m;ocifESihfuREfkyfwdkYvufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mü tEÅ&m,fay;
rnfh&efolozG,f½IjrifMu&rnf/ aygwdzm\ZeD;onfu a,moyftm;jrLqG,fjzm;
a,mif;cJhpOfu a,moyfa&Smifajy;cJhouJhodkY uREfkyfwdkYvnf;a&Smifajy;Mu&rnf
(urÇm 39;11-12)/
taoG;tom;ZmwdudkauR;arG;jyKpkrnfhtpm; ajzmihfrwjfcif;? ,HkMunf
jcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfNidrfoufjcif;wdkYudk uREfkyfwdkYrDatmifvdkufMu&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\
ZmwdtaoG;tom;onf ajzmihfrwfjcif;xuf 'kp½dkufudkvdkufpm;vdkonf/ Zmwd
taoG;tom;onf ,HkMunfjcif;udkusihfMuHrnfhtpm; qifjcifwHkw&m;? OmPfpGrf;
&nfwdkYtm;jzihf oHo,pdwfrsm;udkyHkoGif;ay;onf/ Zmwdpdwfonfcspfjcif;arwåm
w&m;wnf&Sd&rnfhae&mwGif emusifcg;oD;rI? remvdk0efwdkrI? cdkuf&efjyKwwfrIwdkY
udkausmufcsxm;onf/ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;&Sd&rnfhae&mwGif y#dyu©jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwf0rf;
uGJjcif;wdkYudkomjzpfapygonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufawmfüjrihfjrwfaom wefqm
yvmwpfckjzpfzdkY Zmwdpdwf\raumif;aompdwfqE´rsm;rS a&Smifajy;jcif;udk uREfkyf
« 304 »« 303 »
ouf
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u wdarmaotm;today;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYrSm em;rawmfjrwfudk
0efcHí rw&m;aomtrIudkausmcdkif;cJhMuaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ rw&m;aom
trI[laomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYodEkdifrnfenf; (odkY) bk&m;ocifawmif;qdk
jy|mef;xm;aomt&mudk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYodEkdifrnfenf;/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfü uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf þtcsif;t&mudka&;rSwfrxm;aybl;vm;/ rw&m;
aomtrIudka&Smif&Sm;&ef uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfüarGUavsmf
aomolrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ bk&m;ocifawmif;qdkjy|mef;xm;aom or®mw&m;rsm;
udkodEdkifzdkY xdkEIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmrSwfom;í ESvHk;oGif;qifjcifMu&rnf/
tcef;i,f(20)wGif &Sifaygvkutdrfwpftdrf\yHko@mefudk toHk;jyKxm;
onf/ tdrfBuD;wpftdrfwGif0w¬KwefqmESpfrsdK;&Sdonf[k &Sifaygvku wdarmaoudk
ajymjyxm;onf/ tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYudk a&G? aiGwdkYESihfjyKvkyfxm;NyD; tcsdKU
udk opfom;? &GHUajrwdkYjzihfjyKvkyfxm;onf/ tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYrSm toa&
&Sdaomwefqmrsm;jzpfMuNyD;tcsdKUaom0w¬KwefqmwdkYrSm toa&r&Sdaomwefqm
rsm;jzpfMuonf/ rdwfaqG{nfhonfrsm;udktdrfodkYzdwfac:í npfywfaeaom
yk*Hrsm;jzihf tpm;taomufudkwnfcif;{nfhcHonfhtjzpfudk Oyrmwpfcktaejzihf
pdwful;Munfhyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\{nfhonfrsm;twGuf4if;? tjcm;wpfOD;wpfa,muf
twGuf xdkypönf;rsm;udktoHk;jyKrnfqdkvQif OD;pGmaq;aMumoefYpif&ygrnf/ uREfkyf
wdkY\0dnmOfa&;&mwGifvnf; tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f(2)wGif &Sifaygvk
u uREfkyfwdkYtm;udk,fudkudk,faq;aMumoefYpifxm;vQif jrihfjrwfaom
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf wefqmaumif;rsm;jzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf [kajymjy
xm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ociftwGufoefY&Sif;pifMu,fítoHk;0ifMuygvdrfhrnf/
þtaMumif;aMumifh uREfkyfwdkYrSmrw&m;aomtrIrsm;udka&Smif&Sm;MuzdkY vdktyf
onf/ bk&m;ocif twGuftoHk;awmfcHvdkvQif bk&m;ocif\a&SUawmfüoefY&Sif;
pifMu,faezdkY uREfkyfwdkYbufrS wwfEdkifoavmufvkyfaqmif&ygrnf/
bk&m;ocif\vufawmfxJü vufeufwefqmrsm;jzpfMuonfhtavQmuf
uREfkyfwdkYonfZmwdpdwf\wyfrufjcif;? udavompdwfrsm;rSa&Smifajy;Mu&rnf
(i,f 22)/ uREfkyfwdkY\txJü&Sdonfhraumif;aomwyfrufjcif;rsm;ü aeYpOfao
Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;i,f 22 wGif &Sifaygvku ]]a&Smifajy;onf}} [laom
pum;vHk;udk toHk;jyKxm;aMumif;owdjyKyg/ uREfkyfwdkY\taoG;tom;onf
tmomajyauseyfrIudkvdktyfonf/ 4if;onf'kp½dkuftrIbufodkY udkif;ñGwfae
onf/ &Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYtm;xdktaoG;tom;Zmwdpdwfudk xdef;csKyfí4if;\
awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk jiif;y,fMuzdkYvdktyfonf [kajymjyxm;onf/ raumif;aom
þpdwfqE´rsm;udk bk&m;ocifESihfuREfkyfwdkYvufwGJavQmufvSrf;&mü tEÅ&m,fay;
rnfh&efolozG,f½IjrifMu&rnf/ aygwdzm\ZeD;onfu a,moyftm;jrLqG,fjzm;
a,mif;cJhpOfu a,moyfa&Smifajy;cJhouJhodkY uREfkyfwdkYvnf;a&Smifajy;Mu&rnf
(urÇm 39;11-12)/
taoG;tom;ZmwdudkauR;arG;jyKpkrnfhtpm; ajzmihfrwjfcif;? ,HkMunf
jcif;? cspfjcif;ESihfNidrfoufjcif;wdkYudk uREfkyfwdkYrDatmifvdkufMu&rnf/ uREfkyfwdkY\
ZmwdtaoG;tom;onf ajzmihfrwfjcif;xuf 'kp½dkufudkvdkufpm;vdkonf/ Zmwd
taoG;tom;onf ,HkMunfjcif;udkusihfMuHrnfhtpm; qifjcifwHkw&m;? OmPfpGrf;
&nfwdkYtm;jzihf oHo,pdwfrsm;udkyHkoGif;ay;onf/ Zmwdpdwfonfcspfjcif;arwåm
w&m;wnf&Sd&rnfhae&mwGif emusifcg;oD;rI? remvdk0efwdkrI? cdkuf&efjyKwwfrIwdkY
udkausmufcsxm;onf/ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;&Sd&rnfhae&mwGif y#dyu©jzpfjcif;ESihf pdwf0rf;
uGJjcif;wdkYudkomjzpfapygonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufawmfüjrihfjrwfaom wefqm
yvmwpfckjzpfzdkY Zmwdpdwf\raumif;aompdwfqE´rsm;rS a&Smifajy;jcif;udk uREfkyf
« 304 »« 303 »
ouf
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wdkY\yef;wkdiftjzpfowfrSwfí udk,fhudkudk,fbk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü qufuyftyfEHSMuzdkYvdktyfonf/
udk,fcE¨mawmfta&;ygyHk
tcef;i,f(22)ü uREfkyfwdkYrSwfom;xm;zdkYta&;ygaomtcsufrSm uREfkyf
wdkYonfajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;wdkYudkvdkufpm;
usihfMuH&mwGif wudk,fawmfvdkufpm;usihfMuHír&yg[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þ
tcsif;t&mudkbk&m;ociftm;jzLpifaompdwfESvHk;ESihf yXemjyKaomolwdkYESihftwl
vdkufpm;usihfMuH&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;az:jyxm;onf/
tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;ESihftwlwuGaexkdif&Sifoefí trIawmfaqmifvQif uREfkyf
wdkYrSmydkíxufjrufvmNyD; cGeftm;opfrsm;&&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifvdkcsifaom
wefqmyvmtjzpfudk uREfkyfwdkYjzpfcsifvQif þtcsif;t&mudkydkíus,f0ef;aom
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;ü vkyfaqmifMu&rnf/
aumif;aumif;rGefrGefxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;aom rD;zdkonft&Sdef
t[kefjyif;jyif;ESihfawmufypGmavmifuRrf;aeygrnf/ odkYaomf4if;rD;zdkrSrD;cJwpfcJ
udk,líab;ücsxm;vQif xdkrD;cJonfrMumcifNidrf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\vlwdkYtm; udk,fcE¨mwpfcktaejzihfac:xm;onf/ xdkudk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;
üxdxda&mufa&muftrIawmfaqmifvdkvQif uREfkyfwdkYonftjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;
\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;? cGeftm;ay;EdI;aqmfrIrsm;? wdkufwGef;pdefac:rIrsm;udkvdk
tyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaomt&mrsm;twkdif;jzpfvmMuzdkY uREfkyfwdkY
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufvdktyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufawmfü jrihfjrwf
aomwefqmyvmjzpfvdkvQif ,HkMunfjcif;ü oihfudkpdefac:ícGeftm;ay;Ekdifaom
½dk;om;NyD;bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;onfh tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;ESihf oihfudkoif0ef;&Hxm;
zdkYvdktyfonf/
toihftwihfaejcif;
tcef;i,f(23)wGif &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; olonfrdkufrJíynm
uif;aomykpämtar;wdkYESihf vHk;vHk;oufqkdifrIr&SdaMumif; today;xm;onf/ t
aMumif;t&if;rSm&Sif;vif;aeygonf/ rdkufrJaomjiif;cHkrIrsm;onf pum;rsm;
&efjzpfjcif;udkomzefwD;ygonf/ tcef;i,f(24)wGif &Sifaygvkubk&m;ocif\
uRefonf&efrawGUaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkxm;onf/ xkdodkYjzpfrnfhtpm; olonf
vlwkdif;tay:ü jznf;n§if;pGmjzihfMuifMuifememjyKusihfí onf;cHEdkifaomoljzpf
&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk wlyrmtoHk;jyKí vlwdkY\OD;acgif;udk
xkESufvdkaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ tjrifjcif;rwlaomolrsm;tay:ü onf;cHpdwfr&Sd
wwfMuyg/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ajymMum;aeonf[k xifrSwf&aomt&m
rSmbk&m;ocif\ppfrSefaomtapcHuRefonf toGifrwlaomolrsm;ESihfvnf;
twlvkyfaqmifEkdifaomtpGrf;&Sdonf[líjzpfonf/ olonfppfrSefaomtjcm;
,HkMunfolrsm;ESihf tao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;wGif tjrifrwlaomfvnf; olwdkYudk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpf rdrd\nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;ozG,f vufcHcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ olonftjcm;olrsm;tm;4if;wdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&mü4if;? em;vnfoabm
aygufjcif;ü 4if;wdkYwufvmouJhodkY olwdkYtay:üpdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;udkjyoyg
vdrfhrnf/
xdkacwfumv&Sd rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf 4if;wdkYoGefoifay;aom
« 306 »« 305 »
ouf
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wdkY\yef;wkdiftjzpfowfrSwfí udk,fhudkudk,fbk&m;ocifESihf bk&m;ocif\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ü qufuyftyfEHSMuzdkYvdktyfonf/
udk,fcE¨mawmfta&;ygyHk
tcef;i,f(22)ü uREfkyfwdkYrSwfom;xm;zdkYta&;ygaomtcsufrSm uREfkyf
wdkYonfajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESihf Nidrfoufjcif;wdkYudkvdkufpm;
usihfMuH&mwGif wudk,fawmfvdkufpm;usihfMuHír&yg[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ þ
tcsif;t&mudkbk&m;ociftm;jzLpifaompdwfESvHk;ESihf yXemjyKaomolwdkYESihftwl
vdkufpm;usihfMuH&rnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;az:jyxm;onf/
tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;ESihftwlwuGaexkdif&Sifoefí trIawmfaqmifvQif uREfkyf
wdkYrSmydkíxufjrufvmNyD; cGeftm;opfrsm;&&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifvdkcsifaom
wefqmyvmtjzpfudk uREfkyfwdkYjzpfcsifvQif þtcsif;t&mudkydkíus,f0ef;aom
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;ü vkyfaqmifMu&rnf/
aumif;aumif;rGefrGefxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;aom rD;zdkonft&Sdef
t[kefjyif;jyif;ESihfawmufypGmavmifuRrf;aeygrnf/ odkYaomf4if;rD;zdkrSrD;cJwpfcJ
udk,líab;ücsxm;vQif xdkrD;cJonfrMumcifNidrf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifu
rdrd\vlwdkYtm; udk,fcE¨mwpfcktaejzihfac:xm;onf/ xdkudk,fcE¨mawmftwGif;
üxdxda&mufa&muftrIawmfaqmifvdkvQif uREfkyfwdkYonftjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;
\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;? cGeftm;ay;EdI;aqmfrIrsm;? wdkufwGef;pdefac:rIrsm;udkvdk
tyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaomt&mrsm;twkdif;jzpfvmMuzdkY uREfkyfwdkY
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufvdktyfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufawmfü jrihfjrwf
aomwefqmyvmjzpfvdkvQif ,HkMunfjcif;ü oihfudkpdefac:ícGeftm;ay;Ekdifaom
½dk;om;NyD;bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;onfh tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;ESihf oihfudkoif0ef;&Hxm;
zdkYvdktyfonf/
toihftwihfaejcif;
tcef;i,f(23)wGif &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; olonfrdkufrJíynm
uif;aomykpämtar;wdkYESihf vHk;vHk;oufqkdifrIr&SdaMumif; today;xm;onf/ t
aMumif;t&if;rSm&Sif;vif;aeygonf/ rdkufrJaomjiif;cHkrIrsm;onf pum;rsm;
&efjzpfjcif;udkomzefwD;ygonf/ tcef;i,f(24)wGif &Sifaygvkubk&m;ocif\
uRefonf&efrawGUaomoljzpf&rnf[kqdkxm;onf/ xkdodkYjzpfrnfhtpm; olonf
vlwkdif;tay:ü jznf;n§if;pGmjzihfMuifMuifememjyKusihfí onf;cHEdkifaomoljzpf
&rnf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk wlyrmtoHk;jyKí vlwdkY\OD;acgif;udk
xkESufvdkaomolrsm;&Sdonf/ tjrifjcif;rwlaomolrsm;tay:ü onf;cHpdwfr&Sd
wwfMuyg/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; ajymMum;aeonf[k xifrSwf&aomt&m
rSmbk&m;ocif\ppfrSefaomtapcHuRefonf toGifrwlaomolrsm;ESihfvnf;
twlvkyfaqmifEkdifaomtpGrf;&Sdonf[líjzpfonf/ olonfppfrSefaomtjcm;
,HkMunfolrsm;ESihf tao;trTm;udpö&yfrsm;wGif tjrifrwlaomfvnf; olwdkYudk
bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm;tjzpf rdrd\nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;ozG,f vufcHcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ olonftjcm;olrsm;tm;4if;wdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&mü4if;? em;vnfoabm
aygufjcif;ü 4if;wdkYwufvmouJhodkY olwdkYtay:üpdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;udkjyoyg
vdrfhrnf/
xdkacwfumv&Sd rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;onf 4if;wdkYoGefoifay;aom
« 306 »« 305 »
ouf
ooooo
olwdkYudk vHIYaqmfwwfMuonf/ olwdkYonfpum;vHk;rsm;tay:ü jiif;cHkMuí t,l
0g'rsm;tay:ü &efawGUMuonf/ olwdkY\oGefoifrIrsm;wGif 0dnmOftoD;tyGihf
rsm;udk tenf;i,fomjyoEkdifMuonf/ cspfjcif;? jznf;n§if;pGmjyKjcif;? pdwf&Snf
jcif;wdkYudkrawGU&yg/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkaemifw&jcif;ü4if;? or®mw&m;udk
odjcif;ü4if;? aqmif,loGm;rnf[laomarQmfvihfcsufjzihf rdrd\a[majymcsufrsm;
udk em;axmifMurnfholrsm;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUpGmqHk;r&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmo
udkpdefac: wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
or®mw&m;udk ckcHumuG,fjcif;qdkonfrSmwpfrsdK;jzpfí xdkckcHumuG,f
jcif;udk bk&m;enf;vrf;jzihfvkyfaqmifjcif;rSm wpfzHkjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY txJrS
vltcsdKUuor®mw&m;udk ckcHumuG,f&mwGif &efol\enf;AsL[mudktoHk;
jyKaeMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYjiif;ckefjcif;? pum;Ekdifvkjcif;jzihf tEkdif,lxdef;csKyfzdkY&SmMuH
Muonf/ þonfrSmbk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;r[kwfyg/ or®mw&m;udkEl;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;ESihftwl oGefoifay;&rnf[k &Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudkajymjyxm;onf/ EIwf
uywfawmftm; uREfkyfwdkYteufzGihfjyefqdkxm;csufrsm;udk olwpfyg;wdkYtm;twif;
t"r®,HkMunfckdif;onfhvkyf&yfrsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGefrdzdkY tb,frQvG,fulyg
oenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvkyfaqmif&rnfh tcef;u@udk
rvkyfoihfyg/ olwpfyg;uvufcH,HkMunfvmatmif pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;jcif;tvkyf
onf 0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; El;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;ESihfwuGqHk;roGefoif&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ olonfor®mw&m;twGuf rm;rm;
&yfwnf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrda[majymoGefoifay;aomolwdkYudk cspfjcif;?
½dkaoav;pm;jcif;wdkYjzihf qufqH&rnfjzpfonf/
vlwdkYudktodw&m;&vmapzdkYESihf olwdkYudkrm&fewf\ axmifacsmufrS
vGwfajrmufapzdkYrSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\wm0efjzpfonf (i,f 26)/ uREfkyf
wdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvkyf&rnfhtvkyfudk vkyfwwfMuonf/ vlwdkY
tm; or®mw&m;udk,HkMunfvufcHvmatmif pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;zdkYESihf toufwm
ajymif;vJzdkYudk uREfkyfwdkY\wm0efrsm;[kxifrSwfaeMuonf/ odkYaomftrSefwGif
uREfkyfwdkY\wm0efrSm or®mw&m;udkxkwfazmfajymzdkYESihf usef&Sdaeaomt&mtm;
vHk;udk bk&m;ociftm;vkyfapjcif;omjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;\vufawmfüjrihfjrwfaom wefqmyvmjzpfzdkYqdkvQif EIwf
uywfawmfü aysmfarGUjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkY\OD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpfowfrSwfxm;&Sd&
rnf/ bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;xufydkíaumif;aomenf;vrf; olwdkYü&Sdaeonf[k
xifrSwfaeaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;\w&m;rJhí rSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqtm;vHk;udk uREfkyf
wdkYa&Smif&Sm;&rnf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfuREfkyfwdkYudk uif;uGmapaomtjypf'kp½dkuf
tm;vHk;udk0efcHajz&Sif;jcif;jzihf vufawmfüoefY&Sif;aomwefqmyvmjzpfzdkY uREfkyf
wdkYtaumif;qHk;BudK;pm;Mu&rnf/ udk,fcE¨mawmfBuD;rSa&muf&Sdvmaom qHk;rjcif;?
cGeftm;ay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;pdefac:jcif;rsm;tay:ü uREfkyfwdkY\ESvkH;om;rsm;udk
zGihf[xm;&rnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkY0dnmOfa&;&mü wdk;wufzdkYbk&m;ocif\EIefuywfawmfta&;yg
yHkESihf pyfvsOf;íuREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&oenf;/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvku rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufudk clemESihfEdIif;
xm;onf/ rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifjcif;\tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;yHkESihfpyfvsOf;í
þtcsufurnfodkYoGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
« 308 »« 307 »
ouf
ooooo
olwdkYudk vHIYaqmfwwfMuonf/ olwdkYonfpum;vHk;rsm;tay:ü jiif;cHkMuí t,l
0g'rsm;tay:ü &efawGUMuonf/ olwdkY\oGefoifrIrsm;wGif 0dnmOftoD;tyGihf
rsm;udk tenf;i,fomjyoEkdifMuonf/ cspfjcif;? jznf;n§if;pGmjyKjcif;? pdwf&Snf
jcif;wdkYudkrawGU&yg/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkaemifw&jcif;ü4if;? or®mw&m;udk
odjcif;ü4if;? aqmif,loGm;rnf[laomarQmfvihfcsufjzihf rdrd\a[majymcsufrsm;
udk em;axmifMurnfholrsm;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUpGmqHk;r&ef &Sifaygvkuwdarmo
udkpdefac: wdkufwGef;xm;onf/
or®mw&m;udk ckcHumuG,fjcif;qdkonfrSmwpfrsdK;jzpfí xdkckcHumuG,f
jcif;udk bk&m;enf;vrf;jzihfvkyfaqmifjcif;rSm wpfzHkjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY txJrS
vltcsdKUuor®mw&m;udk ckcHumuG,f&mwGif &efol\enf;AsL[mudktoHk;
jyKaeMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYjiif;ckefjcif;? pum;Ekdifvkjcif;jzihf tEkdif,lxdef;csKyfzdkY&SmMuH
Muonf/ þonfrSmbk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;r[kwfyg/ or®mw&m;udkEl;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;ESihftwl oGefoifay;&rnf[k &Sifaygvku uREfkyfwdkYudkajymjyxm;onf/ EIwf
uywfawmftm; uREfkyfwdkYteufzGihfjyefqdkxm;csufrsm;udk olwpfyg;wdkYtm;twif;
t"r®,HkMunfckdif;onfhvkyf&yfrsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkYusL;vGefrdzdkY tb,frQvG,fulyg
oenf;/ uREfkyfwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvkyfaqmif&rnfh tcef;u@udk
rvkyfoihfyg/ olwpfyg;uvufcH,HkMunfvmatmif pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;jcif;tvkyf
onf 0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; El;nHhodrfarGU
jcif;ESihfwuGqHk;roGefoif&ef pdefac:cJhonf/ olonfor®mw&m;twGuf rm;rm;
&yfwnf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrda[majymoGefoifay;aomolwdkYudk cspfjcif;?
½dkaoav;pm;jcif;wdkYjzihf qufqH&rnfjzpfonf/
vlwdkYudktodw&m;&vmapzdkYESihf olwdkYudkrm&fewf\ axmifacsmufrS
vGwfajrmufapzdkYrSm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\wm0efjzpfonf (i,f 26)/ uREfkyf
wdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvkyf&rnfhtvkyfudk vkyfwwfMuonf/ vlwdkY
tm; or®mw&m;udk,HkMunfvufcHvmatmif pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;zdkYESihf toufwm
ajymif;vJzdkYudk uREfkyfwdkY\wm0efrsm;[kxifrSwfaeMuonf/ odkYaomftrSefwGif
uREfkyfwdkY\wm0efrSm or®mw&m;udkxkwfazmfajymzdkYESihf usef&Sdaeaomt&mtm;
vHk;udk bk&m;ociftm;vkyfapjcif;omjzpfonf/
ocifbk&m;\vufawmfüjrihfjrwfaom wefqmyvmjzpfzdkYqdkvQif EIwf
uywfawmfü aysmfarGUjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkY\OD;pm;ay;t&mtjzpfowfrSwfxm;&Sd&
rnf/ bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;xufydkíaumif;aomenf;vrf; olwdkYü&Sdaeonf[k
xifrSwfaeaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;\w&m;rJhí rSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqtm;vHk;udk uREfkyf
wdkYa&Smif&Sm;&rnf/ ocifbk&m;ESihfuREfkyfwdkYudk uif;uGmapaomtjypf'kp½dkuf
tm;vHk;udk0efcHajz&Sif;jcif;jzihf vufawmfüoefY&Sif;aomwefqmyvmjzpfzdkY uREfkyf
wdkYtaumif;qHk;BudK;pm;Mu&rnf/ udk,fcE¨mawmfBuD;rSa&muf&Sdvmaom qHk;rjcif;?
cGeftm;ay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;pdefac:jcif;rsm;tay:ü uREfkyfwdkY\ESvkH;om;rsm;udk
zGihf[xm;&rnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkY0dnmOfa&;&mü wdk;wufzdkYbk&m;ocif\EIefuywfawmfta&;yg
yHkESihf pyfvsOf;íuREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&oenf;/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvku rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufudk clemESihfEdIif;
xm;onf/ rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifjcif;\tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;yHkESihfpyfvsOf;í
þtcsufurnfodkYoGefoifay;xm;ygoenf;/
« 308 »« 307 »
ouf
ooooo
uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&mwdk;wufrIwGif tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;\ tcef;
u@rSmtb,fenf;/ c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfonf oihfudk&ihfusuf
vmzdkYrnfodkYulnDcJhygoenf;/
cspfjcif;arwåmrygaomor®mw&m;onf rnfodkYtEÅ&m,f&Sdoenf;/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@udk &,lvkyfaqmifzdkY ,HkMunfol
rsm;twGufjzpfvmEdkifygovm;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ tcef;
u@rSmtb,fenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vufawmfxJü oefY&Sif;ítoa&&Sdaomwefqmyvmjzpfjcif;rS oihfudk
[efYwm;rnfhtjypf'kp½dkufESihf ykefuefjcif;pdwfxm;rsm;&Sdr&Sdudk oifodEkdif
&ef ocifbk&m;tm; &SmazGppfaMumay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
t,l0g'ESihf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü oifESihfuGJjym;aeaomolrsm;udk cspfEkdifzdkY
xdkcspfjcif;arwåmudkay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
,HkMunfjcif;ü &ifhusufvmzdkYoihfudkulnDyHhydk;ay;cJhMuaomolrsm;twGuf
ocifbk&m;ocifudkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oiftrIawmfaqmif&mwGif tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUpGmquf
qHwwf&ef ulnDrpzdkYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@udk udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifzdkYBudK;pm;cJhonfhtcsdef
rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
30
cJ,Of;aomacwfumv
2 wd 3;1-9 udk zwf½Iyg/
þaemufwpfcef;wGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\OD;wnfcsufudk aemufqHk;aom
umvtaMumif;odkY ajymif;vJaqG;aEG;xm;onf/ tcef;BuD;(3)wGif ocifbk&m;\
aeY&ufumveD;uyfvmonfESihftrQ rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfysufvmrnfht
aMumif;udk wdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif wdarmaotm; cJ,Of;aomacwfumva&muf&Sdvm
rnf[kajymqdkjcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ ]]cJ,Of;aom}} [lonfhpum;vHk;
onf cufxefMurf;MuKwfjcif;? onf;cH&efcufcJjcif;? tEÅ&m,f&Sdjcif; (odkY) &ufpuf
jcif;[laomt"dyÜg,frsdK;&Sdonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&uf umv
csOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ tajctaersm;onf ,HkMunfol? r,HkMunfol
rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf nDwlnDrQcufcJvmrnfhtaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\qdkvdk&if;udkaz:jyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;wGif&Sif;jyxm;onf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif vlwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,fomcspfjrwfEdk;Murnfh
taMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkowday;xm;onf/ olwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,f
auseyftm;&aezdkY? rdrdwdkY\tusdK;tjrwfudkoma&SU½IvkyfaqmifzdkY aexkdif&Sifoef
cJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? rdom;pkrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom
4if;wdkY\ywfoufESD;EG,frIrsm;rSm qkwf,kwfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;txajrmuf jynfhpHkvmzdkYqdkvQif wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; eif;avQmuf
oGm;zdkYudkyif 0efav;cJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;onf ae&mtESHY
« 309 »
ouf
ooooo
uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&mwdk;wufrIwGif tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;\ tcef;
u@rSmtb,fenf;/ c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mawmfonf oihfudk&ihfusuf
vmzdkYrnfodkYulnDcJhygoenf;/
cspfjcif;arwåmrygaomor®mw&m;onf rnfodkYtEÅ&m,f&Sdoenf;/
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@udk &,lvkyfaqmifzdkY ,HkMunfol
rsm;twGufjzpfvmEdkifygovm;/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ tcef;
u@rSmtb,fenf;/ uREfkyfwdkY\tcef;u@rSmtb,fenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
vufawmfxJü oefY&Sif;ítoa&&Sdaomwefqmyvmjzpfjcif;rS oihfudk
[efYwm;rnfhtjypf'kp½dkufESihf ykefuefjcif;pdwfxm;rsm;&Sdr&Sdudk oifodEkdif
&ef ocifbk&m;tm; &SmazGppfaMumay;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
t,l0g'ESihf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ü oifESihfuGJjym;aeaomolrsm;udk cspfEkdifzdkY
xdkcspfjcif;arwåmudkay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
,HkMunfjcif;ü &ifhusufvmzdkYoihfudkulnDyHhydk;ay;cJhMuaomolrsm;twGuf
ocifbk&m;ocifudkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
oiftrIawmfaqmif&mwGif tjcm;olrsm;tay:ü El;nHhodrfarGUpGmquf
qHwwf&ef ulnDrpzdkYbk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/ oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\tcef;u@udk udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifzdkYBudK;pm;cJhonfhtcsdef
rsm;twGuf cGihfvTwfay;&ef bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
30
cJ,Of;aomacwfumv
2 wd 3;1-9 udk zwf½Iyg/
þaemufwpfcef;wGif &Sifaygvkurdrd\OD;wnfcsufudk aemufqHk;aom
umvtaMumif;odkY ajymif;vJaqG;aEG;xm;onf/ tcef;BuD;(3)wGif ocifbk&m;\
aeY&ufumveD;uyfvmonfESihftrQ rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfysufvmrnfht
aMumif;udk wdarmaotm;ajymjyxm;onf/
tcef;i,f(1)wGif wdarmaotm; cJ,Of;aomacwfumva&muf&Sdvm
rnf[kajymqdkjcif;jzihf &SifaygvkutpjyKxm;onf/ ]]cJ,Of;aom}} [lonfhpum;vHk;
onf cufxefMurf;MuKwfjcif;? onf;cH&efcufcJjcif;? tEÅ&m,f&Sdjcif; (odkY) &ufpuf
jcif;[laomt"dyÜg,frsdK;&Sdonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&uf umv
csOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ tajctaersm;onf ,HkMunfol? r,HkMunfol
rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf nDwlnDrQcufcJvmrnfhtaMumif; uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifonf/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\qdkvdk&if;udkaz:jyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;wGif&Sif;jyxm;onf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif vlwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,fomcspfjrwfEdk;Murnfh
taMumif; &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkowday;xm;onf/ olwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,f
auseyftm;&aezdkY? rdrdwdkY\tusdK;tjrwfudkoma&SU½IvkyfaqmifzdkY aexkdif&Sifoef
cJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? rdom;pkrsm;tay:üxm;&Sdaom
4if;wdkY\ywfoufESD;EG,frIrsm;rSm qkwf,kwfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;txajrmuf jynfhpHkvmzdkYqdkvQif wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; eif;avQmuf
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« 309 »
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'kwd,taejzihf vlwdkYonfaiGudkwyfrufaomolrsm;jzpfvmMurnfh t
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uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifygonf/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkYydkifqkdifxm;onfht&mrsm;ü auseyf
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&SmazGMuygrnf/ rdrdwdkY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;udk tawmrowfEkdifaomavmbpdwf
rsm;twGuftoHk;jyKMuygvdrfhrnf/ ]]t½kyftrsm;qHk;ydkifqkdifvQuf aoqHk;oGm;ol
onf atmifEkdifoljzpfonf}} [ka&;om;xm;aompmom;udkuyfcJhonfh um;wpfpD;
uREfkyfawGUjrifcJhonf/ þtawG;tac:rSm þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
t&myifjzpfonf/ þtawG;tac:u þb0ücsrf;om<u,f0rIESihf pnf;pdrfOpöm
trsm;qHk;udk ydkifqkdifpkaqmif;xm;olonf atmifjrifaomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf[k ,Hk
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þyef;wkdifqDodkYydkí ydkíOD;wnfavQmufvSrf;Murnfudk uREfkyfwdkYawGUMuygvdrfh
rnf/ aiGaMu;ESihf pnf;pdrfydkifqkdifrIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifudkab;csdwfxm;cJhMu
vdrfhrnf/
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aomolrsm;jzpfvmMurnf[kqdkxm;onf/ atmifjrifausmfMum; MoZmvTrf;rdk;Ekdif
jcif;wdkYtwGuf vlom;wdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;tay:ü ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIwdkYrSmwdk;í
vmygvdrfhrnf/ þavmuBuD;\jyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&eftwGuf odyÜHynm? aq;
ynmESihf EkdifiHa&;wdkYudkom,HkMunfudk;pm;rIrsm;rSmwdk;ívmygvdrfhrnf/
vlwdkY\tm½Hkpl;pdrfrIonfbk&m;ociftxHrSz,fcGmí rdrdwdkYtay:üoma&muf&Sd
vmygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifudkolwdkYvdktyfaMumif;udk vlwdkawGUjrifEkdifMuawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ wzefbk&m;ocifrSmab;csdwfcHxm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
rw&m;apmfum;jcif;rsm;wdk;yGm;vmonfhtjzpfudkvnf; uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGU
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jcif;? toa&zsufjcif;? r[kwfrrSefajymqdkjcif;wdkYudk &nfñTef;onf/ wenf;tm;
jzihfqdk&vQif vltcsif;csif;tMum;ü&Sdaom qufqHa&;rsm;rSm tpGef;txif;rsm;
ayusHvmrnfjzpfonf/ vlwdkYonfwpfa,muf\raumif;aMumif;udkwpfa,muf
uajymaeMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkY\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;atmifjriftxajrmufvmzdkY
wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muftcGihfaumif;,lí wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
toHk;cscJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrd\aumif;usdK;udkoma&SU½Iaomolrsm;ESihf jynfhaeonfh
todkif;t0dkif;wpfckudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\tusdK;pD;yGm;wdk;wuf
jzpfxGef;zdkYqdkvQif rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqGrsm;? vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;\*kPfowif;ESihf
odu©mudk½IwfcszsufqD;&ef 0efav;Murnfr[kwfyg/
vli,fvl&G,frsm;vnf; þcJ,Of;aomumv\qdk;usdK;rS vGwfuif;cJhMu
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rdbpum;udkem;axmifMuawmhrnfr[kwfaMumif; ajymjyxm;onf/ rdbrsm;udk
½dkaoav;pm;jcif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkYudkarG;cJhaomrdbrsm;udk
rav;pm;MuawmhvQif q&m? q&mrrsm;? txufrStkyfcsKyfolrsm;udkvnf; av;
pm;Muawmhrnfr[kwfaMumif;rSm aocsmvsuf&Sdonf/ MoZmtmPmudk½dkao
av;pm;jcif;onf ysufqD;aysmufuG,foGm;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkif;rdrdwdkYtBudKuf
« 312 »« 311 »
ouf
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'kwd,taejzihf vlwdkYonfaiGudkwyfrufaomolrsm;jzpfvmMurnfh t
aMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ aiGaMu;udkwyfrufjcif;ESihftwl aiGjzihf0,f,lEkdifaomt&m
rsm;udkvnf; wyfrufvmMuygvdrfhrnf/ aemufqHk;aomumvwGif vlwdkYonf
avmuD½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;pkaqmif;jcif;udkydkí ydkítm½HkpdkufvmMurnfhtaMumif;
uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifygonf/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkYydkifqkdifxm;onfht&mrsm;ü auseyf
wif;wdrfcJhMurnfr[kwfawmhyg/ þavmuBuD;\om,mrIpnf;pdrfrsm;udkom
&SmazGMuygrnf/ rdrdwdkY\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;udk tawmrowfEkdifaomavmbpdwf
rsm;twGuftoHk;jyKMuygvdrfhrnf/ ]]t½kyftrsm;qHk;ydkifqkdifvQuf aoqHk;oGm;ol
onf atmifEkdifoljzpfonf}} [ka&;om;xm;aompmom;udkuyfcJhonfh um;wpfpD;
uREfkyfawGUjrifcJhonf/ þtawG;tac:rSm þae&mü&Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
t&myifjzpfonf/ þtawG;tac:u þb0ücsrf;om<u,f0rIESihf pnf;pdrfOpöm
trsm;qHk;udk ydkifqkdifpkaqmif;xm;olonf atmifjrifaomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf[k ,Hk
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þyef;wkdifqDodkYydkí ydkíOD;wnfavQmufvSrf;Murnfudk uREfkyfwdkYawGUMuygvdrfh
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vdrfhrnf/
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aomolrsm;jzpfvmMurnf[kqdkxm;onf/ atmifjrifausmfMum; MoZmvTrf;rdk;Ekdif
jcif;wdkYtwGuf vlom;wdkY\tpGrf;tprsm;tay:ü ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIwdkYrSmwdk;í
vmygvdrfhrnf/ þavmuBuD;\jyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&eftwGuf odyÜHynm? aq;
ynmESihf EkdifiHa&;wdkYudkom,HkMunfudk;pm;rIrsm;rSmwdk;ívmygvdrfhrnf/
vlwdkY\tm½Hkpl;pdrfrIonfbk&m;ociftxHrSz,fcGmí rdrdwdkYtay:üoma&muf&Sd
vmygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifudkolwdkYvdktyfaMumif;udk vlwdkawGUjrifEkdifMuawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ wzefbk&m;ocifrSmab;csdwfcHxm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
rw&m;apmfum;jcif;rsm;wdk;yGm;vmonfhtjzpfudkvnf; uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGU
Mu&ygvdrfhrnf/ þae&mütoHk;jyKxm;aom*&dpum;vHk;onf apmfum;ajymqdk
jcif;? toa&zsufjcif;? r[kwfrrSefajymqdkjcif;wdkYudk &nfñTef;onf/ wenf;tm;
jzihfqdk&vQif vltcsif;csif;tMum;ü&Sdaom qufqHa&;rsm;rSm tpGef;txif;rsm;
ayusHvmrnfjzpfonf/ vlwdkYonfwpfa,muf\raumif;aMumif;udkwpfa,muf
uajymaeMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkY\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;atmifjriftxajrmufvmzdkY
wpfa,muftay:wpfa,muftcGihfaumif;,lí wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
toHk;cscJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrd\aumif;usdK;udkoma&SU½Iaomolrsm;ESihf jynfhaeonfh
todkif;t0dkif;wpfckudkpdwful;Munfhyg/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\tusdK;pD;yGm;wdk;wuf
jzpfxGef;zdkYqdkvQif rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqGrsm;? vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;\*kPfowif;ESihf
odu©mudk½IwfcszsufqD;&ef 0efav;Murnfr[kwfyg/
vli,fvl&G,frsm;vnf; þcJ,Of;aomumv\qdk;usdK;rS vGwfuif;cJhMu
rnfr[kwfyg/ tcef;i,f(2)wGif&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; om;orD;rsm;onf
rdbpum;udkem;axmifMuawmhrnfr[kwfaMumif; ajymjyxm;onf/ rdbrsm;udk
½dkaoav;pm;jcif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkYudkarG;cJhaomrdbrsm;udk
rav;pm;MuawmhvQif q&m? q&mrrsm;? txufrStkyfcsKyfolrsm;udkvnf; av;
pm;Muawmhrnfr[kwfaMumif;rSm aocsmvsuf&Sdonf/ MoZmtmPmudk½dkao
av;pm;jcif;onf ysufqD;aysmufuG,foGm;cJhygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkif;rdrdwdkYtBudKuf
« 312 »« 311 »
ouf
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vdkufaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ þrav;rpm;½dkif;ysjcif;rsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&m
wGif MoZmtmPm&SdolwdkYrSmvnf; wjznf;jznf;tpGrf;tpenf;yg;vmvdrfhrnf/
wpfzefþtcsif;t&mu uREfkyfwdkY\todkif;t0kdif;tay:üjyKvkyfEkdifaom ouf
a&mufrIudkpOf;pm;Munfhyg/
aus;Zl;w&m;rodwwfjcif;onf ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumveD;uyfvm
onfESihftrQolawGUjrifzdkYarQmfvihfxm;Ekdifonfht&mjzpfaMumif; &Sifaygvku
wdarmaoudkajymjyxm;onf/ vlwdkYonfrdrdtay:üaus;Zl;ta<u;qyfp&m&Sd
onf[k vlwkdif;cHpm;vmMurnf/ olwdkYonf &orQt&mtm;vHk;udkvufcH&,l
Muaomfvnf; xdkt&mtwGufppfrSefaomaus;Zl;wifwwfrIrSmuif;rJhaeMuvdrfh
rnf/ aus;Zl;wifwwfonfhpdwfjzihf vufcH&rnfhtpm;rdrdwdkY\&ydkifcGihfjzpfonf[k
ajymqdkvmMuvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ vl
wdkYonfrdrdwdkYudktvkyftauR;jyKMuzdkYawmif;qdkvmMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdwdkY
vufcH&&Sdaomt&mrsm;tm;vHk;twGufrl aus;Zl;odwwfpdwfr&SdMuyg/
bk&m;w&m;rudkif;½dIif;jcif;ESihf roefY&Sif;jcif;wdkYrSmvnf; wdk;yGm;vmygvdrfh
rnf/ rdrdwdkYbk&m;ocifudkvdktyfaMumif; vlwdkYuawGUjrifEkdifMuawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ olwdkYonfbk&m;ocifudk4if;? EIwfuywfawmfudk4if; ausmckdif;oGm;Mu
ygvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYpdwfxJ&Sd&mudkvkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ tjypf'kp½dkuf
onfvnf; wdk;yGm;vmygvdrfhrnf/ udk,fusihfw&m;azmufjyefrI? r½dk;om;rIESihf
trsdK;rsdK;aom 'kp½dkuftrIwdkYrSmydkí xif&Sm;vmygvdrfhrnf/
tcef;i,f(3)wGif &SifaygvkuqufvufívlwdkYü cspfjcif;arwåm uif;rJh
vmrnfhtaMumif;udkajymjyxm;onf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY
\vlrIqufqHa&;rsm;ü cspfjcif;arwåm\vrf;jyjcif;udkcHMu&awmhrnfr[kwfyg/
rdrdudk,fudkudk,f *½kpdkufjcif;rSwpfyg;rnfolYudkrQ*½kpdkufMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/
cspfjcif;arwåmudkt&if;cHí rvkyfaqmifMuaomaMumifh rdrdwdkYudkemusif
xdcdkufapaomolrsm;tay:üvnf;cGihfvTwfay;EkdifMurnfr[kwfyg/ xdkodkYcGihfvTwf
ay;rnfhtpm; emusifcg;oD;rIESihfa'gorsm;udkomqkyfudkifxm;Muvdrfhrnf/ þ
tcsif;t&mu 'kp½dkuftrsdK;rsdK;udkqwdk;ay:xGufvmapygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf
wpfOD;udkwpfOD;raumif;ajymjcif;jzihf toa&zsufMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\vQmrsm;
onf rdrd\om;aumifudktaoowfaomoifwkef;"g;ESihfwlonf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif vlwdkYonftxdef;tcsKyfuif;rJhcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/
olwdkYonfroefY&Sif;íMoZmtmPmwdkYudkvnf; rav;rpm;jyKcJhMurnfhtaMumif;
udk uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonfcGihfvTwfjcif;pdwfr&SdouJhodkY cspfjcif;vnf;
&SdcJhMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwdkYonfaomufvdkonfhtcsdefü aomufpm;cJhMurnf/
a'goESihfvufpm;acsjcif;udkpdwfBudKufvkyfaqmifMuvdrfhrnf/ tcef;i,f 3 wGif
&SifaygvkuolwdkYudk &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaomolrsm;ozG,fazmfjyxm;onf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif vlwdkYonf,HkMunfudk;pm;ír&awmhrnfh t
aMumif;udk &SifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjycJhonf/ olwdkYonfaumif;aomt&m
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wdkYonfaumif;jrwfjcif;w&m;\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;udk4if;? ocifbk&m;\
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rnf (i,f 4)/ rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqGrsm; (odkY) eD;pyfuRrf;0ifolrsm;udkyif tvG,fwul
opömazmufcJhMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf usihf0wfr&Sdaomolrsm;jzpfMuvdrfhrnf/
« 314 »« 313 »
ouf
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wdarmaoudkajymjyxm;onf/ vlwdkYonfrdrdtay:üaus;Zl;ta<u;qyfp&m&Sd
onf[k vlwkdif;cHpm;vmMurnf/ olwdkYonf &orQt&mtm;vHk;udkvufcH&,l
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rnf/ rdrdwdkYbk&m;ocifudkvdktyfaMumif; vlwdkYuawGUjrifEkdifMuawmhrnf
r[kwfyg/ olwdkYonfbk&m;ocifudk4if;? EIwfuywfawmfudk4if; ausmckdif;oGm;Mu
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trsdK;rsdK;aom 'kp½dkuftrIwdkYrSmydkí xif&Sm;vmygvdrfhrnf/
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udkBudKufESpfoufMuawmhrnfr[kwfyg/ 'kp½dkufudkomydkícHkrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ ol
wdkYonfaumif;jrwfjcif;w&m;\tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;udk4if;? ocifbk&m;\
Oya'orsm;udk4if; ½dkaoav;pm;rIr&SdMuawmhaomaMumifh rkompum;udkqdkí
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;cdk;,ljcif;wdkYudkjyKcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonf opömrJhvmMuvdrfh
rnf (i,f 4)/ rdrdwdkY\rdwfaqGrsm; (odkY) eD;pyfuRrf;0ifolrsm;udkyif tvG,fwul
opömazmufcJhMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf usihf0wfr&Sdaomolrsm;jzpfMuvdrfhrnf/
« 314 »« 313 »
ouf
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aemufqHk;aomumv&SdvlwdkY\tajctaeudkazmfjy&ef ]]rqifrjcifjyK
vkyfaom}} [laompum;vHk;udk &SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;onf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ü4if;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&mü4if; rqifrjcifjyKvkyfwwfMu
onf/ olwdkYvkyfvdkufaomt&m\tusdK;tjypfudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Murnfr[kwf
yg/ olwdkYonf wm0ef,lwwfpdwfuif;rJhMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonfpdwfBuD;0ifí
bk&m;ocifudkESpfoufonfxuf umr*kPfcHpm;jcif;udkomíESpfoufMurnfjzpf
NyD; udk,fusihfw&m;npfnL;jcif; b0&SifoefyHkrsdK;udka&G;cs,fMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;Oya'orsm;udkpdwf0ifpm;rI&SdMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwdkY\wpfckwnf;
aom tmoDorSmZmwdtaoG;tom;\awmif;wrIudk jznfhqnf;&efomjzpf
onf/ þuJhodkYaomolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudkaomf4if;? txufrSMoZmtmPm
udkaomf 4if; ½dkaoav;pm;rIr&SdyJ rdrdwdkYtwGufom b0udk &SifoefMuygvdrfhrnf/
þuJhodkY aomvlrsm;ESihf jynfhaeonfhtokdif;t0dkif;wpfckudkpdwful;Munfhyg/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk qdk;0g;oGm;apaomt&mrSm þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;
onf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfa,mifaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&
vQif olwdkYonfbk&m;ocifESihftrSefwu,fuif;uGmaeMucsdefüyif 0dnmOfa&;
oabm&Sdaomolrsm;uJhodkY [efvkyfaeMuonf/ olwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;onf tpGrf;
wefcdk;uif;rJhaeygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSmolwdkYonf bk&m;ocifESihfqufEG,frI
r&SdMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfudkausmckdif;xm;jcif;jzihf bk&m;
ocif\wefcdk;awmfudkjiif;y,fMurnfhtaMumif; tcef;i,f (5) wGifowdjyKyg/
olwdkYonf0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIudktoufwmü ckcHjiif;qefMuvdrfhrnf/ þ
uJhodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESihfrywfoufzdkY&Sifaygvku wdarmaoudkajymcJhonf/
þodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm; &Sifaygvk\acwfumvüyif&SdaecJhMuaMumif;rSm xif&Sm;
onf/ odkYaomfocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh ae&ufumveD;uyfvmonf
ESihftrQxdkodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm tqrwefrsm;jym;vmrnfhtaMumif;udkwdarmao
tm;ajymjycJhonf/
aemufqHk;aomumv&Sd w&m;rJhaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ qdk;npf
aompdwfESihf ykefuefwwfaompdwfwdkYudk rdrdwdkYtwGufomusihfoHk;vdkufavQmuf
ae&onfudk wif;wdrfcJhMurnfr[kwfyg (i,f 6)/ olwdkYonftjcm;olrsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;zdkYBudK;pm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzihf ckcHEkdifpGrf;tenf;qHk;yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;Muygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzihfxdkacwfumvwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;rSm ynm
rwwfMuí olwdkY\tm;enf;csuftay:ü tcGihfaumif;,l&efrSmvG,fulvSonf/
rSm;,Gif;aomþq&mrsm;onf todkif;t0dkif;xJrSaysmhuGufrsm;ESihf tm;EGJUolrsm;udk
&SmazGMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ vlwdkY
rSm ydkíydkívSnfhjzm;aoG;aqmifcHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/ þrdwåmya&mzufrsm;\ oGef
oifcsufrsm;udk vdkufemusihfMuH&efor®mw&m;udk jiif;y,fMuygvdrfhrnf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf vSnfhjzm;aoG;aqmif&efvG,fulaom vl½dk;vltrsm;udk
a&G;cs,f&SmazGMuvdrfhrnfqdkxm;aomfvnf; olwdkYonftawG;tac: tarQmf
tjrifr&Sdolrsm;r[kwfMuyg/ tcef;i,f 7 wGif &Sifaygvku þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf
tpOfoif,laeMuaMumif;udkajymxm;onf/ olwdkYonfA[kokwudk&SmazG
pkaqmif; Muonfh OmPf&nfOmPfpGrf;xufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ vlwpfa,muf
onf A[kokwrsm;pGmudkydkifqkdifxm;aomfvnf; EIwfuywfawmfESihf ocif
c&pfawmfjyKvkyfcJhaomtrIESihfpyfvsOf;onf or®mw&m;udkrodem;rvnfbJ &Sdae
Ekdifonf/
« 316 »« 315 »
ouf
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aemufqHk;aomumv&SdvlwdkY\tajctaeudkazmfjy&ef ]]rqifrjcifjyK
vkyfaom}} [laompum;vHk;udk &SifaygvktoHk;jyKxm;onf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ü4if;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&mü4if; rqifrjcifjyKvkyfwwfMu
onf/ olwdkYvkyfvdkufaomt&m\tusdK;tjypfudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Murnfr[kwf
yg/ olwdkYonf wm0ef,lwwfpdwfuif;rJhMuvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonfpdwfBuD;0ifí
bk&m;ocifudkESpfoufonfxuf umr*kPfcHpm;jcif;udkomíESpfoufMurnfjzpf
NyD; udk,fusihfw&m;npfnL;jcif; b0&SifoefyHkrsdK;udka&G;cs,fMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;
ocif\enf;Oya'orsm;udkpdwf0ifpm;rI&SdMurnfr[kwfyg/ olwdkY\wpfckwnf;
aom tmoDorSmZmwdtaoG;tom;\awmif;wrIudk jznfhqnf;&efomjzpf
onf/ þuJhodkYaomolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudkaomf4if;? txufrSMoZmtmPm
udkaomf 4if; ½dkaoav;pm;rIr&SdyJ rdrdwdkYtwGufom b0udk &SifoefMuygvdrfhrnf/
þuJhodkY aomvlrsm;ESihf jynfhaeonfhtokdif;t0dkif;wpfckudkpdwful;Munfhyg/
þtcsif;t&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk qdk;0g;oGm;apaomt&mrSm þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;
onf bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfa,mifaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&
vQif olwdkYonfbk&m;ocifESihftrSefwu,fuif;uGmaeMucsdefüyif 0dnmOfa&;
oabm&Sdaomolrsm;uJhodkY [efvkyfaeMuonf/ olwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;onf tpGrf;
wefcdk;uif;rJhaeygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSmolwdkYonf bk&m;ocifESihfqufEG,frI
r&SdMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfudkausmckdif;xm;jcif;jzihf bk&m;
ocif\wefcdk;awmfudkjiif;y,fMurnfhtaMumif; tcef;i,f (5) wGifowdjyKyg/
olwdkYonf0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIudktoufwmü ckcHjiif;qefMuvdrfhrnf/ þ
uJhodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESihfrywfoufzdkY&Sifaygvku wdarmaoudkajymcJhonf/
þodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm; &Sifaygvk\acwfumvüyif&SdaecJhMuaMumif;rSm xif&Sm;
onf/ odkYaomfocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh ae&ufumveD;uyfvmonf
ESihftrQxdkodkYaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm tqrwefrsm;jym;vmrnfhtaMumif;udkwdarmao
tm;ajymjycJhonf/
aemufqHk;aomumv&Sd w&m;rJhaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ qdk;npf
aompdwfESihf ykefuefwwfaompdwfwdkYudk rdrdwdkYtwGufomusihfoHk;vdkufavQmuf
ae&onfudk wif;wdrfcJhMurnfr[kwfyg (i,f 6)/ olwdkYonftjcm;olrsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;zdkYBudK;pm;Muygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzihf ckcHEkdifpGrf;tenf;qHk;yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;Muygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzihfxdkacwfumvwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;rSm ynm
rwwfMuí olwdkY\tm;enf;csuftay:ü tcGihfaumif;,l&efrSmvG,fulvSonf/
rSm;,Gif;aomþq&mrsm;onf todkif;t0dkif;xJrSaysmhuGufrsm;ESihf tm;EGJUolrsm;udk
&SmazGMuygvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif\aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ vlwdkY
rSm ydkíydkívSnfhjzm;aoG;aqmifcHMu&ygvdrfhrnf/ þrdwåmya&mzufrsm;\ oGef
oifcsufrsm;udk vdkufemusihfMuH&efor®mw&m;udk jiif;y,fMuygvdrfhrnf/
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf vSnfhjzm;aoG;aqmif&efvG,fulaom vl½dk;vltrsm;udk
a&G;cs,f&SmazGMuvdrfhrnfqdkxm;aomfvnf; olwdkYonftawG;tac: tarQmf
tjrifr&Sdolrsm;r[kwfMuyg/ tcef;i,f 7 wGif &Sifaygvku þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf
tpOfoif,laeMuaMumif;udkajymxm;onf/ olwdkYonfA[kokwudk&SmazG
pkaqmif; Muonfh OmPf&nfOmPfpGrf;xufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ vlwpfa,muf
onf A[kokwrsm;pGmudkydkifqkdifxm;aomfvnf; EIwfuywfawmfESihf ocif
c&pfawmfjyKvkyfcJhaomtrIESihfpyfvsOf;onf or®mw&m;udkrodem;rvnfbJ &Sdae
Ekdifonf/
« 316 »« 315 »
ouf
ooooo
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;udktcef;i,f (8) wGif&Sifaygvku ,aEé? ,HajAwdkYESihf
ckdif;EdIif; xm;onf/ þyk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufonf zma&mbk&ifa&SUarSmufüvkyf
aqmif&ef bk&m;ocifu arma&Sudkay;cJhaomedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;udkwky&ef
zma&mudk,fwkdifu eef;awmfxJodkYac:oGif;cJhaom 0dZÆmrsm;jzpfonf[k ,HkMunf
xm;Muonf (xGufajrmuf 7;11)/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf olwdkYudkMunfh½I em;axmif
aomolrsm;tm; vSnfhjzm;&efedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;udkvnf; jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif rrSefaomedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;ESihf tHhzG,fwefcdk;jyjcif;
rsm;&SdvmrnfhtaMumif; ocifa,½Iuajymjyxm;onf/ tJ*kwåKjynfrS 0dZÅmq&m
ESpfa,mufuJhodkY þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onftjriftm;jzihf wefcdk;BuD;oa,mif
xifrSwf&aomfvnf; olwdkYonf azmufjyefysufpD;aeaomtjypfom;rsm;jzpfNyD;
or®mw&m;ESihfuif;uGmvsuf bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmfü ae&mr&Sdaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/
þusrf;csufü cGeftm;,lp&mtcsufrSm tcef;i,f(9)ü &Sifaygvkajymjy
xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm a0;a0;odkY
ra&mufEkdifaMumif;udkajymjycJhonf/ ,aEéESihf ,HajAwdkYonfarma&Sacwfumv
rSvlwdkYudktcsdeftwkdif;twmwpfcktxd vSnfhjzm;EkdifcJhMuaomfvnf; aemufqHk;
wGif or®mw&m;rSxGufay:vmNyD; bk&m;ocifomtEkdif&cJhygonf/ olwdkY\edrdwf
vu©Pmrsm;udk rjyoEkdifawmhonfhtcsdefumva&muf&SdvmcJhygrnf/ aemufqHk;
wGif tJ*kwåKjynfwpfckvHk; 'l;axmufcJhMu&onf/ arma&SrSmbk&m;ocif\ ppfrSef
aomyka&mzufwpfyg;tjzpfay:xGufvmcJhonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;wGifvnf; tvm;
wljzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\rkomvSnfhjzm;rIrsm; azmfxkwfcH&onfhaeYa&muf
vmygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;omatmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
- ocifa,½I<uqif;rvmrDüawGU&rnfhaemufqHk;aomumv taMumif;
udkazmfjyyg/ ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ rnf
odkYaomvlrItokdif;t0kdif;rsdK;udkawGUjrif&zdkY uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifoenf;/
- ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumveD;vmaeaMumif;udk az:jyaomrnf onfht
axmuf txm;rsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkY\tokdif;t0kdif;xJü awGUae&ygovm;/
- pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihfywfoufí uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
- uREfkyfwdkYudkedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? todOmPftawG;tac:rsm;tm;jzihf
txifrSm;oGm;ap&efrSm tb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ wefcdk;ygaomedrdwf
vu©Pmtm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSvmygovm;/ vSnfhjzm;cH&jcif;udk
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYa&Smif&Sm;&rnfenf;/
- todOmPfA[kokw&Sdxm;jcif;ESihf or®mw&m;udkem;vnfjcif;wdkY rnfodkY
uGJjym;Muoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
- &efolESihf&efol\rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;rS vSnfhjzm;cH&jcif;udkrcH&zdkY uG,f
umapmifray;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
- EIwfuywfawmftay:üopöm&Sd&efESihf or®mw&m;rSvrf;vTJoGm;aeaom
avmuBuD;ü yHkOyrmaumif;wpfcktjzpf&Sdae&ef ulnDrpay;zdkYocifbk
&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
- arma&S\acwfumvü or®mw&m;udkxkwfazmfjyocJhouJhodkY vmrnfh
aeY&ufrsm;wGifvnf; &efol\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkazmfxkwfay;rnfhtwGuf
ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ 'kp½dkufESihftvdrftnmrsm;tay:ü
atmifyGJcHrnfhocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
« 318 »« 317 »
ouf
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þyk*¾dKvfrsm;udktcef;i,f (8) wGif&Sifaygvku ,aEé? ,HajAwdkYESihf
ckdif;EdIif; xm;onf/ þyk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufonf zma&mbk&ifa&SUarSmufüvkyf
aqmif&ef bk&m;ocifu arma&Sudkay;cJhaomedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;udkwky&ef
zma&mudk,fwkdifu eef;awmfxJodkYac:oGif;cJhaom 0dZÆmrsm;jzpfonf[k ,HkMunf
xm;Muonf (xGufajrmuf 7;11)/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf olwdkYudkMunfh½I em;axmif
aomolrsm;tm; vSnfhjzm;&efedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;udkvnf; jyoMuygvdrfhrnf/
aemufqHk;aomumvwGif rrSefaomedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;ESihf tHhzG,fwefcdk;jyjcif;
rsm;&SdvmrnfhtaMumif; ocifa,½Iuajymjyxm;onf/ tJ*kwåKjynfrS 0dZÅmq&m
ESpfa,mufuJhodkY þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onftjriftm;jzihf wefcdk;BuD;oa,mif
xifrSwf&aomfvnf; olwdkYonf azmufjyefysufpD;aeaomtjypfom;rsm;jzpfNyD;
or®mw&m;ESihfuif;uGmvsuf bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmfü ae&mr&Sdaomolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/
þusrf;csufü cGeftm;,lp&mtcsufrSm tcef;i,f(9)ü &Sifaygvkajymjy
xm;aomt&mjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; þyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm a0;a0;odkY
ra&mufEkdifaMumif;udkajymjycJhonf/ ,aEéESihf ,HajAwdkYonfarma&Sacwfumv
rSvlwdkYudktcsdeftwkdif;twmwpfcktxd vSnfhjzm;EkdifcJhMuaomfvnf; aemufqHk;
wGif or®mw&m;rSxGufay:vmNyD; bk&m;ocifomtEkdif&cJhygonf/ olwdkY\edrdwf
vu©Pmrsm;udk rjyoEkdifawmhonfhtcsdefumva&muf&SdvmcJhygrnf/ aemufqHk;
wGif tJ*kwåKjynfwpfckvHk; 'l;axmufcJhMu&onf/ arma&SrSmbk&m;ocif\ ppfrSef
aomyka&mzufwpfyg;tjzpfay:xGufvmcJhonf/ þyk*¾dKvfrsm;wGifvnf; tvm;
wljzpfcJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\rkomvSnfhjzm;rIrsm; azmfxkwfcH&onfhaeYa&muf
vmygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;omatmifEkdifygvdrfhrnf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
- ocifa,½I<uqif;rvmrDüawGU&rnfhaemufqHk;aomumv taMumif;
udkazmfjyyg/ ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ rnf
odkYaomvlrItokdif;t0kdif;rsdK;udkawGUjrif&zdkY uREfkyfwdkYarQmfvihfEkdifoenf;/
- ocifbk&m;\aeY&ufumveD;vmaeaMumif;udk az:jyaomrnf onfht
axmuf txm;rsdK;udk uREfkyfwdkY\tokdif;t0kdif;xJü awGUae&ygovm;/
- pmwef\vSnfhjzm;jcif;ESihfywfoufí uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYoif,l&ygoenf;/
- uREfkyfwdkYudkedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? todOmPftawG;tac:rsm;tm;jzihf
txifrSm;oGm;ap&efrSm tb,frQvG,fulygoenf;/ wefcdk;ygaomedrdwf
vu©Pmtm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHrSvmygovm;/ vSnfhjzm;cH&jcif;udk
uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkYa&Smif&Sm;&rnfenf;/
- todOmPfA[kokw&Sdxm;jcif;ESihf or®mw&m;udkem;vnfjcif;wdkY rnfodkY
uGJjym;Muoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
- &efolESihf&efol\rSm;,Gif;aomq&mrsm;rS vSnfhjzm;cH&jcif;udkrcH&zdkY uG,f
umapmifray;&ef ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
- EIwfuywfawmftay:üopöm&Sd&efESihf or®mw&m;rSvrf;vTJoGm;aeaom
avmuBuD;ü yHkOyrmaumif;wpfcktjzpf&Sdae&ef ulnDrpay;zdkYocifbk
&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
- arma&S\acwfumvü or®mw&m;udkxkwfazmfjyocJhouJhodkY vmrnfh
aeY&ufrsm;wGifvnf; &efol\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkazmfxkwfay;rnfhtwGuf
ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ 'kp½dkufESihftvdrftnmrsm;tay:ü
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« 318 »« 317 »
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2 wd 3;10-17 udk zwf½Iyg/
aemufqHk;aomaeY&ufumvwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mtajrmuftrsm;
ay:xGufrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku wdaraotm;today;cJhaMumif;udk aemuf
qHk;avhvmqifjcif;ü uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<u
qif;rvmrDaeY&ufrsm;onf tjypf'kp½dkuftrIESihfjynfhaeonfh cJ,Of;aomaeY&uf
rsm;jzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonfbk&m;ociftxHrS4if;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;rS4if; vSnfhjyefoGm;cJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkYtjrifütrSef[kxifrSwfaom
t&mrsm;udk vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,fomcspfaomol?
aiGudkom wyfrufaomol? OpömydkifqkdifrIrsm;udkomjrwfEdk;aomolrsm;jzpf
Muvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk4if;? bk&m;ocif\tapcHtrIawmf
aqmifrsm;udk4if; vufcHMurnfr[kwfyg/ qdkvdkonfrSmocifbk&m;udkpdwfESvHk;
t<uif;rJhjzihftcpm;tapcH Murnfolrsm;twGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©u
qD;BudKaeygvdrfhrnf/ þaemufwpfydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
þcufcJaomumvrsm;ü EIwfuywfawmf tay:üqufvufíopöm&Sdaejcif;\
ta&;ygyHkudktoday;xm;onf/
vmrnfhtcuftcJrsm;udk a&SU½Ií&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;taMumif;
t&mtcsdKUudktpOfowd&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(10)wGif
olonfbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ oGefoifcsufrsm;udk a&S;OD;pGmowd&ae&
rnfjzpfaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/ tjcm;aomw&m;a'oemrsm;udk a[majymaeMu
aomrdpämq&mrsm;&SdaecJhMuNyD;jzpfouJhodkY olwdkY\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcH&aomolrsm;
vnf;&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf uvdefOmPfrsm;í tajymaumif;aom
þrdpämq&mrsm;\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkrcH&rnftaMuif; &SifaygvkuolYudkcGeftm;
ay;xm;cJhonf/ wdarmaoonf &SifaygvkxHrSoif,lcJh&aom or®mw&m;udk
jyefvnfoGefoifay;&rnfjzpfonf/ þodkYtm;jzihftjcm;aomolrsm;onf xdk
umvü ysHUESHUaeaomt,l0g'trSm;rsm;tm;jzihf vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcHMu&rnfr[kwf
yg/
wdarmaoonfwrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufudkowd&íolwpfyg;
udkoGefoifay;½Hkomr[kwf? olonf&Sifaygvk\yHkOyrmaumif; toufwmudk
vnf;trSwf&ae&rnfjzpfonf/ or®mw&m;onf oGefoifay;zdkYoufoufom
r[kwfyg/ b0üvufawGUtrSef&Sifoef&rnft&mvnf;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
ocifbk&m;twGuf4if;? ocifbk&m;\trIawmftwGuf4if; tvGefpdwftm;
xufoefaomolaomoljzpfonf/ olonfbk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aomtoufwm
jzihf aexkdifcJhNyD;? rdrd\tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;udkausmckdif;vsufvkyforQü ocifbk&m;
udk &SmMuHcJhonf/ tjrJwrf;vdkvdkn§if;qJjcif;cH&aomfvnf; or®mw&m;rSaoGz,f
oGm;cJhjcif;r&Sd? bk&m;ocifESihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;udk tavsmhtwif;oabmrsdK;
vnf;rvkyfcJhaom &Sifaygvk\yHkOyrmudk wdarmaotaejzihf taotcsmwky
vdkufavQmuf&efjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf &Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufudkvnf; trSwf&aezdkYwdkuf
wGef;pdefac:jcif;cHcJh&onf(i,f 10)/ &Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufrSmtb,fenf;/
&Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufrSm xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifudkav;pm; *kPfjyK&efESihf
bk&m;ocifudkod&Sdem;vnf&efjzpfonf/ wpfcgwGif&Sifaygvku rdrdvkyfaqmif
« 319 »
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31
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihfEIwfuywfawmf
2 wd 3;10-17 udk zwf½Iyg/
aemufqHk;aomaeY&ufumvwGif rSm;,Gif;aomq&mtajrmuftrsm;
ay:xGufrnfhtaMumif; &Sifaygvku wdaraotm;today;cJhaMumif;udk aemuf
qHk;avhvmqifjcif;ü uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<u
qif;rvmrDaeY&ufrsm;onf tjypf'kp½dkuftrIESihfjynfhaeonfh cJ,Of;aomaeY&uf
rsm;jzpfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ vlwdkYonfbk&m;ociftxHrS4if;? bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;rS4if; vSnfhjyefoGm;cJhMuygvdrfhrnf/ rdrdwdkYtjrifütrSef[kxifrSwfaom
t&mrsm;udk vkyfaqmifMuygvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonfudk,fhudkudk,fomcspfaomol?
aiGudkom wyfrufaomol? OpömydkifqkdifrIrsm;udkomjrwfEdk;aomolrsm;jzpf
Muvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk4if;? bk&m;ocif\tapcHtrIawmf
aqmifrsm;udk4if; vufcHMurnfr[kwfyg/ qdkvdkonfrSmocifbk&m;udkpdwfESvHk;
t<uif;rJhjzihftcpm;tapcH Murnfolrsm;twGuf qif;&Jjcif;'ku©u
qD;BudKaeygvdrfhrnf/ þaemufwpfydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
þcufcJaomumvrsm;ü EIwfuywfawmf tay:üqufvufíopöm&Sdaejcif;\
ta&;ygyHkudktoday;xm;onf/
vmrnfhtcuftcJrsm;udk a&SU½Ií&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;taMumif;
t&mtcsdKUudktpOfowd&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f(10)wGif
olonfbk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\ oGefoifcsufrsm;udk a&S;OD;pGmowd&ae&
rnfjzpfaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/ tjcm;aomw&m;a'oemrsm;udk a[majymaeMu
aomrdpämq&mrsm;&SdaecJhMuNyD;jzpfouJhodkY olwdkY\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcH&aomolrsm;
vnf;&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ wdarmaoonf uvdefOmPfrsm;í tajymaumif;aom
þrdpämq&mrsm;\vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkrcH&rnftaMuif; &SifaygvkuolYudkcGeftm;
ay;xm;cJhonf/ wdarmaoonf &SifaygvkxHrSoif,lcJh&aom or®mw&m;udk
jyefvnfoGefoifay;&rnfjzpfonf/ þodkYtm;jzihftjcm;aomolrsm;onf xdk
umvü ysHUESHUaeaomt,l0g'trSm;rsm;tm;jzihf vSnfhjzm;jcif;udkcHMu&rnfr[kwf
yg/
wdarmaoonfwrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ oGefoifcsufudkowd&íolwpfyg;
udkoGefoifay;½Hkomr[kwf? olonf&Sifaygvk\yHkOyrmaumif; toufwmudk
vnf;trSwf&ae&rnfjzpfonf/ or®mw&m;onf oGefoifay;zdkYoufoufom
r[kwfyg/ b0üvufawGUtrSef&Sifoef&rnft&mvnf;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf
ocifbk&m;twGuf4if;? ocifbk&m;\trIawmftwGuf4if; tvGefpdwftm;
xufoefaomolaomoljzpfonf/ olonfbk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aomtoufwm
jzihf aexkdifcJhNyD;? rdrd\tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;udkausmckdif;vsufvkyforQü ocifbk&m;
udk &SmMuHcJhonf/ tjrJwrf;vdkvdkn§if;qJjcif;cH&aomfvnf; or®mw&m;rSaoGz,f
oGm;cJhjcif;r&Sd? bk&m;ocifESihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;udk tavsmhtwif;oabmrsdK;
vnf;rvkyfcJhaom &Sifaygvk\yHkOyrmudk wdarmaotaejzihf taotcsmwky
vdkufavQmuf&efjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonf &Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufudkvnf; trSwf&aezdkYwdkuf
wGef;pdefac:jcif;cHcJh&onf(i,f 10)/ &Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufrSmtb,fenf;/
&Sifaygvk\&nf&G,fcsufrSm xm0&t&Sifbk&m;ocifudkav;pm; *kPfjyK&efESihf
bk&m;ocifudkod&Sdem;vnf&efjzpfonf/ wpfcgwGif&Sifaygvku rdrdvkyfaqmif
« 319 »
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xm;&SdaomtBuD;rm;qHk;&nfrSef;csufrSm ocifc&pfawmfudkod&Sdem;vnfvm&ef
jzpfonf/ vmrnfhn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;udka&SU½Ií&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;ocifbk&m;tay:ü pdwftm½Hktm;vHk;udkpkpnf;xm;&ef cGeftm;
ay;cJhonf/ rdrd\pdwftm½Hkudk ocifc&pfawmftxHrSz,fcGmoGm;&ef b,ft&mudk
rQtcGihfay;ír&yg/ ocifa,½Iudkodjcif;tm; b0\yef;wkdifwpfcktjzpf owf
rSwfí pdwfESvHk;\½dk;om;jcif;tm;vHk;jzihf tvkyftauR;jyKtapcH&rnfjzpfonf/
cufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;vm&Sdvmygvdrhfrnf/xdktcsdefrsm;wGifwdarmaorSm
,HkMunfjcif;jzihfb0udkavQmufvSrf;&efjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;
qdkonfrSm rsufpDjzihfuREfkyfwdkYrjrifEkdifaomtcg? em;jzihfuREfkyfwdkYrMum;Ekdifaom
tcg? pdwfESvHk;jzihfuREfkyfwdkYem;rvnfEkdifaomtcgüyif ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;jzpf
onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzifhavQmufvSrf;jcif;qkdonfrSm jzpfysuforQt&mtm;vHk;udk
bk&m;ocifuxdef;csKyfxm;NyD; rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk bk&m;ociftaumif
txnfazmfoGm;ygrnf[k pdwfcsvufcsjzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzihf
avQmufvSrf;jcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkYvGwfvrf;udkrjrifEkdifaomtcgüyif bk&m;
ocifvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mudk vufcHxm;zdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,f
csufESihf bk&m;ocif\0daoovu©Pmrsm;tay:ü oHo,pdwfay:aygufvm
atmif &efolonfrdrdwwfEkdifpGrf;orQjzihf jyKvkyfygvdrfhrnf/ þodkYaomtcsdef
umvrsm;ü b0wGift&mtm;vHk;arSmifrdkufaeí rxifr&Sm;rMunfrvifESihfjzpf
aecsdefwGifyif uREfkyfwdkYonfocifbk&m;ESihfol\EIwfuywfawmfudk ,HkMunf
udk;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
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pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm zdtm;(odkY)ppfaMum
jcif;wpfckatmufü t½HI;ray;yJ MuHUMuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifaomtpGrf;tpjzpfonf/
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY\txJrS&Sd&SdorQt&mtm;vHk; vufavsmh
&yfwefYcsifaeMuonfhtcsdefüyif qufvufía&SUwdk;avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocifurdrdtMuHtpnfrsm;udktaumift
xnfraz:rcsif; zdpD;rIESihfemusifrIatmufü MuHUMuHUcHaejcif;jzpfonf/ þt&m
onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESihfeD;uyfpGmqufEG,faeonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;
ocifonft&mtm;vHk;udkxdef;csKyfxm;í uREfkyfwdkY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aom
b0tajctaersm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtusdK;tvdkYiSm rdrd\tMuHtpnfrms;udktaumif
txnfazmfzdkY toHk;jyKoGm;ygvdrfhrnf[kodxm;vsuf bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunf
jcif;jzifhudk;pm;aomtcgüom pdwf&Snfonf;cHEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonfcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkvnf; trSwf&aezdkYjzpfonf/ ppf
aMumjcif;ESihfemusifjcif;'ku©rsm;tv,füa&muf&SdcsdefwGif cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
udk cif;usif;jyozdkYtpGrf;tprJhoGm;zdkYrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf/ emusnf;cg;oD;
jcif;ESihftrsufa'goxGufjcif;wdkYrSm uREfkyfwdkYtwGufydkívG,fulMuygonf/ bk&m;
ociftwGuf4if;? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;twGuf4if; cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkrjywf
wrf; xdef;odrf;xm;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkpdefac:wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ rnfuJh
odkYaomt&mrsm;jzpfysufaeygap wdarmaotaejzihfcspfjcif;arwå&m;udkjyo&
ayrnf/ ol\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf wkefYjyefcsufrsm;onf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
rS t&if;cHvmaomt&mrsm;jzpf&rnf/ qJa&;apmfum;jcif;ESihftwl n§if;qJcH&
« 322 »« 321 »
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xm;&SdaomtBuD;rm;qHk;&nfrSef;csufrSm ocifc&pfawmfudkod&Sdem;vnfvm&ef
jzpfonf/ vmrnfhn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;udka&SU½Ií&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;ocifbk&m;tay:ü pdwftm½Hktm;vHk;udkpkpnf;xm;&ef cGeftm;
ay;cJhonf/ rdrd\pdwftm½Hkudk ocifc&pfawmftxHrSz,fcGmoGm;&ef b,ft&mudk
rQtcGihfay;ír&yg/ ocifa,½Iudkodjcif;tm; b0\yef;wkdifwpfcktjzpf owf
rSwfí pdwfESvHk;\½dk;om;jcif;tm;vHk;jzihf tvkyftauR;jyKtapcH&rnfjzpfonf/
cufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;vm&Sdvmygvdrhfrnf/xdktcsdefrsm;wGifwdarmaorSm
,HkMunfjcif;jzihfb0udkavQmufvSrf;&efjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzihfavQmufvSrf;jcif;
qdkonfrSm rsufpDjzihfuREfkyfwdkYrjrifEkdifaomtcg? em;jzihfuREfkyfwdkYrMum;Ekdifaom
tcg? pdwfESvHk;jzihfuREfkyfwdkYem;rvnfEkdifaomtcgüyif ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;jzpf
onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzifhavQmufvSrf;jcif;qkdonfrSm jzpfysuforQt&mtm;vHk;udk
bk&m;ocifuxdef;csKyfxm;NyD; rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk bk&m;ociftaumif
txnfazmfoGm;ygrnf[k pdwfcsvufcsjzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;jzihf
avQmufvSrf;jcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkYvGwfvrf;udkrjrifEkdifaomtcgüyif bk&m;
ocifvkyfaqmifaeaomt&mudk vufcHxm;zdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,f
csufESihf bk&m;ocif\0daoovu©Pmrsm;tay:ü oHo,pdwfay:aygufvm
atmif &efolonfrdrdwwfEkdifpGrf;orQjzihf jyKvkyfygvdrfhrnf/ þodkYaomtcsdef
umvrsm;ü b0wGift&mtm;vHk;arSmifrdkufaeí rxifr&Sm;rMunfrvifESihfjzpf
aecsdefwGifyif uREfkyfwdkYonfocifbk&m;ESihfol\EIwfuywfawmfudk ,HkMunf
udk;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
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pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;jzpfonf/ pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm zdtm;(odkY)ppfaMum
jcif;wpfckatmufü t½HI;ray;yJ MuHUMuHUcH&yfwnfEkdifaomtpGrf;tpjzpfonf/
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY\txJrS&Sd&SdorQt&mtm;vHk; vufavsmh
&yfwefYcsifaeMuonfhtcsdefüyif qufvufía&SUwdk;avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocifurdrdtMuHtpnfrsm;udktaumift
xnfraz:rcsif; zdpD;rIESihfemusifrIatmufü MuHUMuHUcHaejcif;jzpfonf/ þt&m
onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESihfeD;uyfpGmqufEG,faeonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;
ocifonft&mtm;vHk;udkxdef;csKyfxm;í uREfkyfwdkY&ifqkdifjzwfoef;ae&aom
b0tajctaersm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtusdK;tvdkYiSm rdrd\tMuHtpnfrms;udktaumif
txnfazmfzdkY toHk;jyKoGm;ygvdrfhrnf[kodxm;vsuf bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunf
jcif;jzifhudk;pm;aomtcgüom pdwf&Snfonf;cHEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/
wdarmaoonfcspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkvnf; trSwf&aezdkYjzpfonf/ ppf
aMumjcif;ESihfemusifjcif;'ku©rsm;tv,füa&muf&SdcsdefwGif cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
udk cif;usif;jyozdkYtpGrf;tprJhoGm;zdkYrSm tvGefvG,fulvSygonf/ emusnf;cg;oD;
jcif;ESihftrsufa'goxGufjcif;wdkYrSm uREfkyfwdkYtwGufydkívG,fulMuygonf/ bk&m;
ociftwGuf4if;? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;twGuf4if; cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkrjywf
wrf; xdef;odrf;xm;zdkY &Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudkpdefac:wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ rnfuJh
odkYaomt&mrsm;jzpfysufaeygap wdarmaotaejzihfcspfjcif;arwå&m;udkjyo&
ayrnf/ ol\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf wkefYjyefcsufrsm;onf cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;
rS t&if;cHvmaomt&mrsm;jzpf&rnf/ qJa&;apmfum;jcif;ESihftwl n§if;qJcH&
« 322 »« 321 »
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aomtcgüyif olonfcspfjcif;arwåmjzihfjyefvnfwkefYjyef&ayrnf/ rdrdtm;
um;wkdifwifowfaomolwdkYudk ocifa,½IcGihfvTwfay;cJhouJhodkY wdarmonf
vnf; rdrdvkyfaqmiforQt&mt;vHk;wGif cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkjyo&ayrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf þp&kdufvu©Pmrsm;tm;vHk;udk n§if;qJjcif;ESihf qif;&J
'ku©cHjcif;tv,fü yHkoufaojyoGm;cJhaMumif;udk tcef;i,f(11)wGifowdjyKyg/
t&mtm;vHk;tpOfajyacsmarGUaecsdefü4if;? vltrsm;uuREfkyfwdkYudk ½dk½dkaoao
av;av;pm;pm;jyKrlqufqHMuaomtcsdefü4if; pdwf&Snfonf;cHzdkYrSm tvGefvG,f
ulygonf/ odkYaomfolwdkYu uREfkyfwdkYudkrkef;wD;aomtcgü4if;? 'ku©trsdK;rsdK;ay;
aomtcgü4if;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHzdkYrSmrvG,fulyg/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;ü awGUMuHK&ifqkdifcJh&aom n§if;
qJjcif;rsm;ESihf xdkt&mrsm;rS bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkrnfodkYu,fwifcJhaMumif;
udk wdarmaotm;jyefvnfajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\toufwmyHkOyrmonf
uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;twGufBuD;rm;aom pdefac:rIBuD;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ olonf
twdkuftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;udk tjcm;wrefawmfrsm;xufydkí&ifqkdifcJh&onf/
ausmufcJESihfaygufjcif;? xdk;ESufuefausmufjcif;? qJa&;apmfum;jcif;rsm;udkMuHKcJh
&onf/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifonf olYudkxdkt&mrsm;rSu,fwifay;cJhaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYudkajymjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkonf xdcdkufemusifjcif;wdkYrS csrf;om&m&cJhonf
[krqdkvdkyg/ ausmufcJaygufjcif;udkcH&pOfu ausmufcJrsm;uolYudk,fcE¨mudkvm
a&mufxdrSefaomtcg pl;&SemusifrIudkolcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ qJa&;apmfum;cH&csdef
ü4if;? rdrda[majymaomw&m;a'oemudk jiif;y,fcH&aomtcsdefü4if; rcsdrqefY
a0'emudkolcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudkjyóemrsm;rS ruG,fumay;
cJhyg/ odkYaomfxdkjyóemwpfckpDudkausmfvTm;zdkYcsDray;cJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aomtoufwmjzihf
aexkdifvdkolwkdif;onf n§ifqJjcif;udk&ifqkdifMu&rnfhtaMumif;udkajymjycJhonf/
i,f(12)/ rnfoltwGufrQ cRif;csufr&Sdyg/ pmwefonfbk&m;ocifESihfqufEG,f
aomt&mrsm;udkrkef;wD;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftrIudkqefYusif[efYwm;
zdkYvkyfEkdiforQt&mtm;vHk;olvkyfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;w&m; udkif;
½dIif;aomtoufwmjzihf&Sifoefaexkdif&if; ocifa,½IudktvkyftauR;jyKvdkvQif
vmrnfh&efoludkuREfkyfwdkY&ifqkdifMuzdkYvdktyfonf/ þtcsdeftcgrsdK;wGif þusrf;
csufü&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk oGefoifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;udk trSwf&Mu&
rnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;wdkYjzihf MuHUMuHUcH
&yfwnfí EIwfuywfawmfudk,HkMunfudk;pm;vQuf ocifbk&m;udkapmifhpm;aeMu
&rnf/
&Sifaygvk\tqdkt& qdk;npfaomolrsm;ESihf vSnfhjzm;wwfaomvlrsm;
pGmay:xGufvmNyD; vltajrmuftrsm;udkvSnfhjzm;Muvdrfhrnf(i,f 13)/ þ
tcsif;t&mrsm; trSefwu,fjzpfay:vmaomtcgü pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;r&Sd
zdkY&eftwGuf uREfkyfwdkYudkBudKwifíajymjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;aomumv
wGif ajrmufrsm;pGmaomolwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;onf ppfaMumcH&rnfjzpfonf/
toif;awmfonfydkíBuD;rm;aomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufudk&ifqkdifawGYMuHK&vdrfhrnf/
pmwef\EkdifiHawmfBuD;us,fjyefYvmjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifMu&rnfjzpfaomf
vnf; pdwfysufjcif;r&SdMuzdkYuREfkyfwdkYudkcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/
ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonf
ESihftrQ uREfkyfwdkYtaejzihfvnf; oif,lrSwfom;xm;í ,HkMunfjcif;jzihfvufcH
cJhaomt&mrsm;ü qufvuf&SifoefavQmufvSrf;Mu&efrSm tvGefBuD;aomtcsuf
« 324 »« 323 »
ouf
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aomtcgüyif olonfcspfjcif;arwåmjzihfjyefvnfwkefYjyef&ayrnf/ rdrdtm;
um;wkdifwifowfaomolwdkYudk ocifa,½IcGihfvTwfay;cJhouJhodkY wdarmonf
vnf; rdrdvkyfaqmiforQt&mt;vHk;wGif cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;udkjyo&ayrnf/
&Sifaygvkonf þp&kdufvu©Pmrsm;tm;vHk;udk n§if;qJjcif;ESihf qif;&J
'ku©cHjcif;tv,fü yHkoufaojyoGm;cJhaMumif;udk tcef;i,f(11)wGifowdjyKyg/
t&mtm;vHk;tpOfajyacsmarGUaecsdefü4if;? vltrsm;uuREfkyfwdkYudk ½dk½dkaoao
av;av;pm;pm;jyKrlqufqHMuaomtcsdefü4if; pdwf&Snfonf;cHzdkYrSm tvGefvG,f
ulygonf/ odkYaomfolwdkYu uREfkyfwdkYudkrkef;wD;aomtcgü4if;? 'ku©trsdK;rsdK;ay;
aomtcgü4if;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHzdkYrSmrvG,fulyg/
&Sifaygvku rdrd\omoemjyKc&D;pOfrsm;ü awGUMuHK&ifqkdifcJh&aom n§if;
qJjcif;rsm;ESihf xdkt&mrsm;rS bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkrnfodkYu,fwifcJhaMumif;
udk wdarmaotm;jyefvnfajymjycJhonf/ &Sifaygvk\toufwmyHkOyrmonf
uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;twGufBuD;rm;aom pdefac:rIBuD;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ olonf
twdkuftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;udk tjcm;wrefawmfrsm;xufydkí&ifqkdifcJh&onf/
ausmufcJESihfaygufjcif;? xdk;ESufuefausmufjcif;? qJa&;apmfum;jcif;rsm;udkMuHKcJh
&onf/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifonf olYudkxdkt&mrsm;rSu,fwifay;cJhaMumif; uREfkyf
wdkYudkajymjyxm;onf/ &Sifaygvkonf xdcdkufemusifjcif;wdkYrS csrf;om&m&cJhonf
[krqdkvdkyg/ ausmufcJaygufjcif;udkcH&pOfu ausmufcJrsm;uolYudk,fcE¨mudkvm
a&mufxdrSefaomtcg pl;&SemusifrIudkolcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ qJa&;apmfum;cH&csdef
ü4if;? rdrda[majymaomw&m;a'oemudk jiif;y,fcH&aomtcsdefü4if; rcsdrqefY
a0'emudkolcHpm;cJh&ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudkjyóemrsm;rS ruG,fumay;
cJhyg/ odkYaomfxdkjyóemwpfckpDudkausmfvTm;zdkYcsDray;cJhygonf/
&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aomtoufwmjzihf
aexkdifvdkolwkdif;onf n§ifqJjcif;udk&ifqkdifMu&rnfhtaMumif;udkajymjycJhonf/
i,f(12)/ rnfoltwGufrQ cRif;csufr&Sdyg/ pmwefonfbk&m;ocifESihfqufEG,f
aomt&mrsm;udkrkef;wD;onf/ bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftrIudkqefYusif[efYwm;
zdkYvkyfEkdiforQt&mtm;vHk;olvkyfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfbk&m;w&m; udkif;
½dIif;aomtoufwmjzihf&Sifoefaexkdif&if; ocifa,½IudktvkyftauR;jyKvdkvQif
vmrnfh&efoludkuREfkyfwdkY&ifqkdifMuzdkYvdktyfonf/ þtcsdeftcgrsdK;wGif þusrf;
csufü&Sifaygvkuwdarmaoudk oGefoifay;xm;aomt&mrsm;udk trSwf&Mu&
rnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf ,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;wdkYjzihf MuHUMuHUcH
&yfwnfí EIwfuywfawmfudk,HkMunfudk;pm;vQuf ocifbk&m;udkapmifhpm;aeMu
&rnf/
&Sifaygvk\tqdkt& qdk;npfaomolrsm;ESihf vSnfhjzm;wwfaomvlrsm;
pGmay:xGufvmNyD; vltajrmuftrsm;udkvSnfhjzm;Muvdrfhrnf(i,f 13)/ þ
tcsif;t&mrsm; trSefwu,fjzpfay:vmaomtcgü pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;r&Sd
zdkY&eftwGuf uREfkyfwdkYudkBudKwifíajymjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;aomumv
wGif ajrmufrsm;pGmaomolwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;onf ppfaMumcH&rnfjzpfonf/
toif;awmfonfydkíBuD;rm;aomn§if;yef;ESdyfpufudk&ifqkdifawGYMuHK&vdrfhrnf/
pmwef\EkdifiHawmfBuD;us,fjyefYvmjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkYawGUjrifMu&rnfjzpfaomf
vnf; pdwfysufjcif;r&SdMuzdkYuREfkyfwdkYudkcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/
ocifc&pfawmfjyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfh aeY&ufumvcsOf;uyfvmonf
ESihftrQ uREfkyfwdkYtaejzihfvnf; oif,lrSwfom;xm;í ,HkMunfjcif;jzihfvufcH
cJhaomt&mrsm;ü qufvuf&SifoefavQmufvSrf;Mu&efrSm tvGefBuD;aomtcsuf
« 324 »« 323 »
ouf
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jzpfonf (i,f 14)/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ocifc&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;
&&Sdaomu,fwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;aomOmPfynmudkor®musrf;pmuay;EkdifpGrf;
onf[kajymcJhonf(i,f 15)/ &Sifaygvk ocifa,½Iudk,HkMunfvufcHcJhí xdk
ocifESihfavQmufvSrf;&mwGif &ifhusufvm&jcif;rSm or®musrf;pmtm;jzihfjzpfcJh
onf/
uREfkyfwdkYydkifqkdifaom or®musrf;pmonf orkdif;yHkjyifrsm;ESihft,l0g'rsm;
udkaz:jyxm;aomomrefpmtkyfwpftkyfr[kwfyg/ tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvk
u usrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;tm;jzihfjzpf cJhMuonf[kqdk
xm;cJhonf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocifEIwfESihf ESvHk;om;wdkY rSa&mufvmaom
t&mjzpfonf[k ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm&Sd pum; vHk;rsm;udk vlom;wdkY
\vufrsm;jzihfa&;om;cJhMuaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYonf rkom pum;udkrajymEkdifaom
bk&m;ocifxHrSa&muf&Sdvmaomt&mjzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfonf t<uif;rJhrSDcdktm;xm;xdkufouJhodkY ,HkMunfpdwfcsxdkufMuonf/
or®musrf;pmonf ,HkMunfolwdkY\toufwmu@av;ckü toHk;0if
onf/ &SifaygvkuEIwfuywfawmfonf yxrtaejzihfoGefoifay;jcif; (odkY)
Mo0g'ay;jcif;ütoHk;0ifaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ qdkvdkonfrSmEIwfuywfawmfonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkor®mw&m;vrf;ü aoG;aqmifoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ rSefuefoihfwihfaom
t&m? bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü uREfkyfwdkYudkñTefMum;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ vlYb0BuD;\t"dyÜg,fESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;ñTefjyvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifESihfpyfvsOf;í4if;? bk&m;ocifawmif;qdkjy|mef;xm;aomt&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í4if; uREfkyfwdkYudkoGefoifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocif
ESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufudkodEkdifzdkY ,HkMunfpdwfcs&onfhwpfckwnf;aom
vrf;ñTefjzpfonf/
'kwd,rSmor®musrf;pmonf tjypfudkazmfjyjcif;twGuftoHk;0ifonf/
wenf;tm;jzihfqdkvQif þEIwfuywfawmf\oGefoifcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunf
vufcHvmMuonfESihftrQ 4if;onfuREfkyfwdkY\rSm;,Gif;aomvrf;pOfrsm;udk azmf
jyay;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYtoufwm\arSmifrdkufae&mrsm;udkazmfjyay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ raumif;rI'kp½dkufudkxkwfazmfjyojcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYudktjypf&SdaMumif;
tcdkiftrmazmfjyay;ygvdrfhrnf/
or®musrf;pmonf tjypfazmfjyjcif;twGufomtoHk;jyKEkdifonfr[kwf
ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;twGufvnf;toHk;0ifygonf/ ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;
onf rSefuefaomvrf;aMumif;ay:odkYjyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;jcif;ESihf qufEG,fae
onf/ or®musrf;pmonf uREfkyfwdkYrSm;,Gif;aeaomt&mudkazmfjyay;½Hkomru?
uREfkyfwdkY&Sdaeoihfonfhae&modkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Ekdifatmifvnf;oGefoifay;
onf/ or®musrf;pmonfuREfkyfwdkY\aysmufqHk;aeaomtajctaeudk az:jyay;½Hk
oufoufxufydkívkyfay;onf/ bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
qDodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Ekdifrnfhvrf;udkvnf; azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/
aemufqHk;taejzihf þEIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYudkajzmihfrwfjcif;
vrf;xJüavhusihfoGefoifay;Ekdifonf/ þavhusihfoGefoifay;jcif;onf uREfkyf
wdkYtm; vkyfNyd;om;trSm;udkjyefrvkyfrdzdkYuG,fumay;onf/ &efoluwdkufcdkufvm
aomtcgü EIwfuywfawmfonfuREfkyfwdkYudktm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ &efolonfuREfkyfwdkYudkpHkprf;zdkYESihf vSnfhjzm;zdkYa&muf&Sdvmaomtcg uREfkyf
wdkYonf þEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf wGef;vSefckcHEkdifygonf/ þonfrSmocif
« 326 »« 325 »
ouf
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jzpfonf (i,f 14)/ &Sifaygvku wdarmaotm;ocifc&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;
&&Sdaomu,fwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;aomOmPfynmudkor®musrf;pmuay;EkdifpGrf;
onf[kajymcJhonf(i,f 15)/ &Sifaygvk ocifa,½Iudk,HkMunfvufcHcJhí xdk
ocifESihfavQmufvSrf;&mwGif &ifhusufvm&jcif;rSm or®musrf;pmtm;jzihfjzpfcJh
onf/
uREfkyfwdkYydkifqkdifaom or®musrf;pmonf orkdif;yHkjyifrsm;ESihft,l0g'rsm;
udkaz:jyxm;aomomrefpmtkyfwpftkyfr[kwfyg/ tcef;i,f 16 wGif &Sifaygvk
u usrf;pm&SdorQonf bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;tm;jzihfjzpf cJhMuonf[kqdk
xm;cJhonf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocifEIwfESihf ESvHk;om;wdkY rSa&mufvmaom
t&mjzpfonf[k ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm&Sd pum; vHk;rsm;udk vlom;wdkY
\vufrsm;jzihfa&;om;cJhMuaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYonf rkom pum;udkrajymEkdifaom
bk&m;ocifxHrSa&muf&Sdvmaomt&mjzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfonf t<uif;rJhrSDcdktm;xm;xdkufouJhodkY ,HkMunfpdwfcsxdkufMuonf/
or®musrf;pmonf ,HkMunfolwdkY\toufwmu@av;ckü toHk;0if
onf/ &SifaygvkuEIwfuywfawmfonf yxrtaejzihfoGefoifay;jcif; (odkY)
Mo0g'ay;jcif;ütoHk;0ifaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ qdkvdkonfrSmEIwfuywfawmfonf
uREfkyfwdkYudkor®mw&m;vrf;ü aoG;aqmifoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ rSefuefoihfwihfaom
t&m? bk&m;ocifESihfoufqkdifaomt&mrsm;ü uREfkyfwdkYudkñTefMum;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ vlYb0BuD;\t"dyÜg,fESihf&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;ñTefjyvdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifESihfpyfvsOf;í4if;? bk&m;ocifawmif;qdkjy|mef;xm;aomt&mrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í4if; uREfkyfwdkYudkoGefoifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocif
ESihf bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufudkodEkdifzdkY ,HkMunfpdwfcs&onfhwpfckwnf;aom
vrf;ñTefjzpfonf/
'kwd,rSmor®musrf;pmonf tjypfudkazmfjyjcif;twGuftoHk;0ifonf/
wenf;tm;jzihfqdkvQif þEIwfuywfawmf\oGefoifcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunf
vufcHvmMuonfESihftrQ 4if;onfuREfkyfwdkY\rSm;,Gif;aomvrf;pOfrsm;udk azmf
jyay;ygvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYtoufwm\arSmifrdkufae&mrsm;udkazmfjyay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ raumif;rI'kp½dkufudkxkwfazmfjyojcif;tm;jzihf uREfkyfwdkYudktjypf&SdaMumif;
tcdkiftrmazmfjyay;ygvdrfhrnf/
or®musrf;pmonf tjypfazmfjyjcif;twGufomtoHk;jyKEkdifonfr[kwf
ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;twGufvnf;toHk;0ifygonf/ ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;
onf rSefuefaomvrf;aMumif;ay:odkYjyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;jcif;ESihf qufEG,fae
onf/ or®musrf;pmonf uREfkyfwdkYrSm;,Gif;aeaomt&mudkazmfjyay;½Hkomru?
uREfkyfwdkY&Sdaeoihfonfhae&modkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Ekdifatmifvnf;oGefoifay;
onf/ or®musrf;pmonfuREfkyfwdkY\aysmufqHk;aeaomtajctaeudk az:jyay;½Hk
oufoufxufydkívkyfay;onf/ bk&m;ocifESihfbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
qDodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Ekdifrnfhvrf;udkvnf; azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/
aemufqHk;taejzihf þEIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYudkajzmihfrwfjcif;
vrf;xJüavhusihfoGefoifay;Ekdifonf/ þavhusihfoGefoifay;jcif;onf uREfkyf
wdkYtm; vkyfNyd;om;trSm;udkjyefrvkyfrdzdkYuG,fumay;onf/ &efoluwdkufcdkufvm
aomtcgü EIwfuywfawmfonfuREfkyfwdkYudktm;opfrsm;oGef;avmif;ay;ygvdrfh
rnf/ &efolonfuREfkyfwdkYudkpHkprf;zdkYESihf vSnfhjzm;zdkYa&muf&Sdvmaomtcg uREfkyf
wdkYonf þEIwfuywfawmftm;jzihf wGef;vSefckcHEkdifygonf/ þonfrSmocif
« 326 »« 325 »
ouf
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a,½Iawmt&yfüpmwef\pHkprf;jcif;udkcH&pOfu jyKvkyfcJhaomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Ionf EIwfuywfawmfudktzefzeftoHk;jyKcJhNyD;? pmwefqkwfcGmoGm;
onftxdwGef;vSefckcHcJhonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf pHkvifaomol? aumif;aomtrItrsdK;rsdK;udkvkyfaqmif
aomolrsm;jzpfvmzdkY or®musrf;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfudkazmf
jyjcif;? ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;ESihf w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfrnftaMumif;
udk tcef;i,f 17 wGifowdjyKyg/ þusrf;ydk'füawGU&aompum;vHk;ESpfvHk;udk
owdjyKyg/ yxrpum;vHk;rSm ]]pHkvifaom}} jzpfí 'kwd,pum;vHk;rSm ]]trsdK;rsdK;}}
[laompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;udktoHk;jyKí &Sifaygvkonf uREfkyf
wdkYtm;rnfonfht&mudkajymjyaeygoenf;? bk&m;ocifapckdif;rnfhtrItrsdK;rsdK;
twGuf (odkY)bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYudk&ifqkdifawGUMuHKaprnfhppfaMumjcif;trsdK;
rsdK;twGufjynfhjynfhpHkpHkjyifqifrGrf;rHxm;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYodxm;oihfaomtaMumif;
t&mtm;vHk; or®musrf;pmü&Sdaeonf[k &Sifaygvkuajymaeygonf/
&Sifaygvkua&muf&Sdvmrnfh cufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;udk a&SU½Iíwdarmao
tm; EIwfuywfawmftay:üopöm&Sdaom EIwfuywfawmfudk uRrf;usifydkifEkdif
aomoljzpfzdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;ygonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;? trSm;
t,Gif;rsm;? tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;ESihfjynfhaeaomþurÇmBuD;ü olaexkdif&SifoefpOf
wGif EIwfuywfawmfonfolYudk ESpfodrfhvrf;jyí oGefoifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ aemuf
qHk;aomaeY&ufumv csOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREfkyfwdkYonf or®musrf;tay:
ü opöm&Sdaomol? or®musrf;pmudk uRrf;usifydkifEkdifaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ydkí
ydkíjzpfvmzdkY vdktyfonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvka&SUwGif MuHKawGU&rnfhcufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;udk a&SU½Ivsuf
wdarmfaotm; rdrd\oGefoifcsuf? toufwm&SifoefaexdkifyHk? ,HkMunf
jcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkYtrSwf&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/ þtajccHtaMumif;t&mrsm;\ tvif;atmufü oihftouf
wmudkjyefvnfqef;ppfMunfhyg/ rnfonfhtydkif;u@udkoifBudK;pm;tm;
xkwf&rnfenf;/
oifawGUMuHK&aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrnf
odkYtoHk;0ifygoenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfonf rnfodkYcGeftm;ay;í rnfodkY
umuG,fay;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf oihftoufwmudkrnfodkYMoZm vTrf;
xm;oenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfonfoihfudkrnfodkYajymif;vJapcJhoenf;/
xl;jcm;aomyHkOyrmrsm;udkaz:jyyg/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufumv csOf;uyfvmonfESihf
trQ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrnfodkYta&;BuD;vmygrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;udk odjcif;ESihf xdkor®mw&m;ü
&Sifoefjcif;wdkY uGJjym;yHkum;tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypf
udkazmfjyjcif;? ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;? w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKrnf
[k&Sifaygvkuqdkxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\qdkvdk&if;udk oihfudk,fydkifpum;
vHk;rsm;jzihf&Sif;jyyg/
« 328 »« 327 »
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a,½Iawmt&yfüpmwef\pHkprf;jcif;udkcH&pOfu jyKvkyfcJhaomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Ionf EIwfuywfawmfudktzefzeftoHk;jyKcJhNyD;? pmwefqkwfcGmoGm;
onftxdwGef;vSefckcHcJhonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf pHkvifaomol? aumif;aomtrItrsdK;rsdK;udkvkyfaqmif
aomolrsm;jzpfvmzdkY or®musrf;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfudkazmf
jyjcif;? ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;ESihf w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfrnftaMumif;
udk tcef;i,f 17 wGifowdjyKyg/ þusrf;ydk'füawGU&aompum;vHk;ESpfvHk;udk
owdjyKyg/ yxrpum;vHk;rSm ]]pHkvifaom}} jzpfí 'kwd,pum;vHk;rSm ]]trsdK;rsdK;}}
[laompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;udktoHk;jyKí &Sifaygvkonf uREfkyf
wdkYtm;rnfonfht&mudkajymjyaeygoenf;? bk&m;ocifapckdif;rnfhtrItrsdK;rsdK;
twGuf (odkY)bk&m;ocifuuREfkyfwdkYudk&ifqkdifawGUMuHKaprnfhppfaMumjcif;trsdK;
rsdK;twGufjynfhjynfhpHkpHkjyifqifrGrf;rHxm;zdkY uREfkyfwdkYodxm;oihfaomtaMumif;
t&mtm;vHk; or®musrf;pmü&Sdaeonf[k &Sifaygvkuajymaeygonf/
&Sifaygvkua&muf&Sdvmrnfh cufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;udk a&SU½Iíwdarmao
tm; EIwfuywfawmftay:üopöm&Sdaom EIwfuywfawmfudk uRrf;usifydkifEkdif
aomoljzpfzdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;ygonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;? trSm;
t,Gif;rsm;? tjypf'kp½dkufrsm;ESihfjynfhaeaomþurÇmBuD;ü olaexkdif&SifoefpOf
wGif EIwfuywfawmfonfolYudk ESpfodrfhvrf;jyí oGefoifay;ygvdrfhrnf/ aemuf
qHk;aomaeY&ufumv csOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ uREfkyfwdkYonf or®musrf;tay:
ü opöm&Sdaomol? or®musrf;pmudk uRrf;usifydkifEkdifaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ydkí
ydkíjzpfvmzdkY vdktyfonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
&Sifaygvka&SUwGif MuHKawGU&rnfhcufcJaomaeY&ufrsm;udk a&SU½Ivsuf
wdarmfaotm; rdrd\oGefoifcsuf? toufwm&SifoefaexdkifyHk? ,HkMunf
jcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkYtrSwf&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;
onf/ þtajccHtaMumif;t&mrsm;\ tvif;atmufü oihftouf
wmudkjyefvnfqef;ppfMunfhyg/ rnfonfhtydkif;u@udkoifBudK;pm;tm;
xkwf&rnfenf;/
oifawGUMuHK&aomppfaMumjcif;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrnf
odkYtoHk;0ifygoenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfonf rnfodkYcGeftm;ay;í rnfodkY
umuG,fay;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf oihftoufwmudkrnfodkYMoZm vTrf;
xm;oenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfonfoihfudkrnfodkYajymif;vJapcJhoenf;/
xl;jcm;aomyHkOyrmrsm;udkaz:jyyg/
ocifbk&m;jyefvnf<uqif;vmrnfhaeY&ufumv csOf;uyfvmonfESihf
trQ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfrnfodkYta&;BuD;vmygrnfenf;/
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\or®mw&m;udk odjcif;ESihf xdkor®mw&m;ü
&Sifoefjcif;wdkY uGJjym;yHkum;tb,fenf;/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfonf uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypf
udkazmfjyjcif;? ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;? w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKrnf
[k&Sifaygvkuqdkxm;onf/ &Sifaygvk\qdkvdk&if;udk oihfudk,fydkifpum;
vHk;rsm;jzihf&Sif;jyyg/
« 328 »« 327 »
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfaz:jyjcif;? ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;?
w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfzdkY bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywf
awmftm; uREfkyfwdkYudkay;xm;cJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkomí pGJvrf;ESpfoufjcif;pdwfudk oifh
tm;ay;oem;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
&Sifaygvku a&SUvmrnfhn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udk a&S;½Iíwdarmaotm;
rdrd\oGefoifcsuf? toufwm&SifoefaexkdifyHk? ,HkMunfcsuf? pdwf&Snf
onf;cHjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkYudktrSwf&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdwfac:xm;onf/ oihf
toufwmüBudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYvdkYtyfaomtydkif; u@udkazmfjyay;zdkY
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
32
wdarmaotm;wm0eftyfESif;jcif;
2 wd 4;1-8 udkzwf½Iyg/
þaemufqHk;tcef;wGif wrefawmf&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; wm0ef
BuD;ESpf&yfudktyfESif;xm;onf/ xdkwm0efBuD;ESpfyg;rSm trSefqdk&vQif þpmapmif
üoloGefoifay;xm;orQ\tESpfcsKyfomjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0efonfbk&m;ocifESihf
ocifa,½Ic&pfwdkY\a&SUawmfüay;tyfxm;aomwm0efjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
þt&mudkbk&m;ocif\tcGihftmPmtm;jzihfay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ocif
a,½IESihfpyfvsOf;aomtaMumif;t&mESpf&yfudk &Sifaygvkajymxm;aMumif;udkowd
jyKyg/
yxrtcsufrSm ocifa,½Ionftouf&Sifaomol? aoaomolwdkYudk
ppfaMumpD&ifawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mu wdarmao
tay:wGifbk&m;ocif\ppfaMumpD&ifjcif;udkcHMu&awmhrnfholrsm;tay:ü owd
ay;a[majymjcif;udk tpGrf;ukefvkyfaqmifzdkYwm0efBuD;wpfckay;tyfcJhonf/ ppf
aMumpD&ifjcif;wpfcka&muf&Sdvmawmhrnf[laom todpdwfjzihftrIawmfudkxrf;
aqmif&efrSm wdarmao\wm0efjzpfvmonf/
ocifa,½IESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; 'kwd,ajrmuf
tcsuftaejzihf ajymjyaomt&mrSm ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\aemufqHk;aom
EkdifiHawmfudkwnfaxmif&ef<uqif;vmrnf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ rnfolurQ
olYudkwm;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ olonf&efolawmf\wefcdk;tmPmpufudkacsrIef;
« 330 »« 329 »
ouf
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qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
uREfkyfwdkYtm;Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfaz:jyjcif;? ajzmihfrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;?
w&m;udkoGefoifjcif;wdkYudkjyKvkyfzdkY bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywf
awmftm; uREfkyfwdkYudkay;xm;cJhonfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkomí pGJvrf;ESpfoufjcif;pdwfudk oifh
tm;ay;oem;zdkYawmif;avQmufyg/
&Sifaygvku a&SUvmrnfhn§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udk a&S;½Iíwdarmaotm;
rdrd\oGefoifcsuf? toufwm&SifoefaexkdifyHk? ,HkMunfcsuf? pdwf&Snf
onf;cHjcif;? cspfjcif;wdkYudktrSwf&aezdkY wdkufwGef;pdwfac:xm;onf/ oihf
toufwmüBudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYvdkYtyfaomtydkif; u@udkazmfjyay;zdkY
bk&m;ocifudkawmif;avQmufyg/
32
wdarmaotm;wm0eftyfESif;jcif;
2 wd 4;1-8 udkzwf½Iyg/
þaemufqHk;tcef;wGif wrefawmf&Sifaygvku wdarmaotm; wm0ef
BuD;ESpf&yfudktyfESif;xm;onf/ xdkwm0efBuD;ESpfyg;rSm trSefqdk&vQif þpmapmif
üoloGefoifay;xm;orQ\tESpfcsKyfomjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0efonfbk&m;ocifESihf
ocifa,½Ic&pfwdkY\a&SUawmfüay;tyfxm;aomwm0efjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
þt&mudkbk&m;ocif\tcGihftmPmtm;jzihfay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ocif
a,½IESihfpyfvsOf;aomtaMumif;t&mESpf&yfudk &Sifaygvkajymxm;aMumif;udkowd
jyKyg/
yxrtcsufrSm ocifa,½Ionftouf&Sifaomol? aoaomolwdkYudk
ppfaMumpD&ifawmfrlrnfhtaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ þtcsif;t&mu wdarmao
tay:wGifbk&m;ocif\ppfaMumpD&ifjcif;udkcHMu&awmhrnfholrsm;tay:ü owd
ay;a[majymjcif;udk tpGrf;ukefvkyfaqmifzdkYwm0efBuD;wpfckay;tyfcJhonf/ ppf
aMumpD&ifjcif;wpfcka&muf&Sdvmawmhrnf[laom todpdwfjzihftrIawmfudkxrf;
aqmif&efrSm wdarmao\wm0efjzpfvmonf/
ocifa,½IESihfywfoufí &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; 'kwd,ajrmuf
tcsuftaejzihf ajymjyaomt&mrSm ocifa,½Ionf rdrd\aemufqHk;aom
EkdifiHawmfudkwnfaxmif&ef<uqif;vmrnf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ rnfolurQ
olYudkwm;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ olonf&efolawmf\wefcdk;tmPmpufudkacsrIef;
« 330 »« 329 »
ouf
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atmifjrifí xdkEkdifiHawmf\t&Sifocifwpfyg;taejzihf pdk;pHtkyfcsKyfygvdrfhrnf/
atmifEkdifjcif;onf ocifbk&m;txHwGif&Sdonf/ þonfrSm0rf;ajrmufp&m
taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/ b0tajctaersm;cufcJaeonfhtcsdefwGifyif þ
tcsif;t&monf uREfkyfwdkYudka&SUqufcsDwufaprnfhtaMumif;t&if;wpf&yfjzpf
onf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudkqefYusif[efYwm;Muaom tiftm;pkrsm;rSm
zsufqD;jcif;udkcHcJhMuvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;onf t&mtm;vHk;tay:üpdk;pHawmfrl
ygvdrfhrnf/ wdarmaoonf atmifjrifolwdkYbufwGif&SdaecJhonf/ ½HI;edrfhjcif;rSm
rjzpfEkdifyg/ þatmifjrifjcif;\ppfrSefaomtESpfom&wGif ,ckyif&Sifoef&efjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocifonfvnf; r½HI;edrfhEkdifyg/ pmwefonfbk&m;ocifcGihfjyKxm;
aomt&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;aomfvnf; atmifjrifjcif;udkrlrwwf
pGrf;Ekdifyg/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\EdkifiHawmfudkwnfaxmifoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;? þ
tcsif;t&mudk[efYwm;aESmuf,SufzdkY pmwefurwwfpGrf;Ekdifyg/ þor®mw&m;
BuD;ESpfyg;atmufü &Sifaygvkonf wdarmaotwGufwm0efBuD;ESpf&yfudkaqmif
,lvmygonf/
EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudka[majymavm
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wdarmaotm;ay;xm;aom yxrwm0efrSm EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk
a[majymzdkYjzpfonf/ olonfEIwfuywfw&m;a[majymjcif;trIawmfwGif tywf
wukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYpdwf"gwfusonftcgvnf;&SdcJhyg
vdrfhrnf/ þteufzGihfusrf;udkuREfkyfa&;om;jyKpkaecsdefüyif uREfkyfjyKvkyfaeaom
t&monf trSefwu,fvdktyfaomt&mjzpfygovm;[k oHo,yGm;atmif
&efolonfuREfkyfudktjrJaESmuf,Sufaeygonf/ odkYaomftrSefw&m;rSm uREfkyfwdkY
\todkif;t0kdif;BuD;onf tjcm;t&mrsm;xufbk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudk
ydkívdktyfaeygonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtodkif;t0kdif;xJü odyÜH
ynm? aq;ynmESihf EkdifiHa&;wdkYurajz&Sif;Ekdifaomjyóemrsm;&Sdaeonf/ xdk
jyóemrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfwpfyg;wnf;uom ajz&Sif;ay;Ekdif
onf/ uREfkyfwdkY\tokdif;t0kdif;BuD;onf bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf\&Sif;vif;
aomoGefoifcsufrsm;udk jyefvnftajccsMurnfqdkvQif ,ckuREfkyfwdkY&ifqkdifae
&aomjyóemrsm;rSm ajyvnfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ remcHjcif;onf tokdif;t0kdif;
tay:üusdefqJjcif;tr*Fvmudk ,laqmifvmygonf/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywf
awmfodkYjyefoGm;jcif;uom aumif;BuD;r*Fvmudkjyefvnfaqmif,lay;ygvdrfhrnf/
&Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; EIwfuywfw&m;a[majymjcif;udk wpdkufrwfrwfjyK
vkyfzdkYwdkufwGef;pdefac:xm;ygonf/
wdarmaotaejzihf tcsdef&Sdonfjzpfap? r&Sdonfjzpfap BudKwifjyifqifrI
jzihfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfae&efjzpfaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/ wenf;tm;jzihfqdk&vQif
olonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudka[majymzdkYtcsdefwkdif;tqifoihf
jzpfae&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrda[majymaomw&m;awmfudk vlwdkYuvdkvkdvm;vm;
vufcHMuonfhtcsdef&Sdrnfjzpfovdk vufrcHMuonfhtcsdefvnf;&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/
wdarmaotaejzihf vlwdkY\wkefYjyefrIudktm½HkpdkufzdkYr[kwfcJhyg/ vlwdkYuoabmwl
vufcHonfjzpfap? vufrcHonfjzpfap olYtaejzihfEIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk
a[majymae&ygrnf/
tcef;i,f 2 wGif wdarmao\a[majymcsufonf tjypfudkazmfjyjcif;?
qHk;rjcif;? wdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;wdkYyg0if&rnfjzpfaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif EIwfuywfawmfonf qHk;rjcif;udkjyKcJhygvdrfhrnf/ EIwfuywfawmfonf
« 332 »« 331 »
ouf
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atmifjrifí xdkEkdifiHawmf\t&Sifocifwpfyg;taejzihf pdk;pHtkyfcsKyfygvdrfhrnf/
atmifEkdifjcif;onf ocifbk&m;txHwGif&Sdonf/ þonfrSm0rf;ajrmufp&m
taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/ b0tajctaersm;cufcJaeonfhtcsdefwGifyif þ
tcsif;t&monf uREfkyfwdkYudka&SUqufcsDwufaprnfhtaMumif;t&if;wpf&yfjzpf
onf/ owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudkqefYusif[efYwm;Muaom tiftm;pkrsm;rSm
zsufqD;jcif;udkcHcJhMuvdrfhrnf/ ocifbk&m;onf t&mtm;vHk;tay:üpdk;pHawmfrl
ygvdrfhrnf/ wdarmaoonf atmifjrifolwdkYbufwGif&SdaecJhonf/ ½HI;edrfhjcif;rSm
rjzpfEkdifyg/ þatmifjrifjcif;\ppfrSefaomtESpfom&wGif ,ckyif&Sifoef&efjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocifonfvnf; r½HI;edrfhEkdifyg/ pmwefonfbk&m;ocifcGihfjyKxm;
aomt&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;aomfvnf; atmifjrifjcif;udkrlrwwf
pGrf;Ekdifyg/ ocifbk&m;onf rdrd\EdkifiHawmfudkwnfaxmifoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;? þ
tcsif;t&mudk[efYwm;aESmuf,SufzdkY pmwefurwwfpGrf;Ekdifyg/ þor®mw&m;
BuD;ESpfyg;atmufü &Sifaygvkonf wdarmaotwGufwm0efBuD;ESpf&yfudkaqmif
,lvmygonf/
EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudka[majymavm
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« 332 »« 331 »
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« 334 »« 333 »
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4if;? EIwfuywfawmfudk4if; ausmckdif;xm;Muvdrfhrnf/ EIwfuywfawmfudk oGef
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jzihf bk&m;ocifuvkyfaqmifaeaomtrIawmfudk [efYwm;aESmuf,SufzdkY &efol
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« 334 »« 333 »
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aqmif&Guf&aomtrIudkaqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf (i,f 5)/ þtcsif;t&monf
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,SufcJhMuvdrfhrnf/ owif;awmif;w&m;awmfudk rMum;csifaomolwdkYtxHü
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awmifhwaeyg vdrfhrnf/ opömr&Sdaomolonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;
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r&Sdjcif;udkaz:xkwf cH&rnfhta&;udkodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ rdrd\ tcsdefem&D?
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« 336 »« 335 »
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aomfol\b0aemufaMumif;udk jyefMunfhvdkufaomtcgolonf aumif;pGmaom
wdkufvSefjcif;udkjyKcJhaMumif; pdwfcsrItjynfh&SdaecJhonf/ olonfb,fwkef;urQ
vufravsmht½HI;ray;cJhyg/ vkyfEkdiforQtm;vHk;udkvkyfcJhonf/ olonf&efoludk
ckcHwGef;vSef&if;MuHUMuHUcH&yfwnfcJhonf/ rdrd\tydkif;u@udktNyD;owfcJhNyD; ajy;
yGJudktqHk;owfcJhonf/ olYa&SUwGifyef;0ifrSwfwkdifudkoljrifae&ygonf/ yef;0ifrSwf
wdkifudkolcsOf;uyfvmonfESihftrQ oltaumif;rGefqHk;ajy;cJhaMumif;udkodcJhonf/
,HkMunfjcif;udkapmifhqnf;cJhonf/ ocifbk&m;udkvnf;rjiif;y,fcJhyg/ olonf
rdrd\t&SifocifudkawGUíqkvm'fcsD;jr§ihfjcif;udkvnf;cH&ygvdrfhrnf/ olYtwGuf
xm;xm;aomyef;OD;&pfo&zludkarQmfMunfhaeygonf/ tvm;wlyef;OD;&pfo&zl
onf ocifa,½Ijyefvnfay:xGef;vmrnfhtcsdefudkawmifhwaeMuaomolrsm;
twGuf toihf&SdaeaMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjycJhonf/ ocifa,½I
jyefvm rnfhtcsdeftwGuf oiftqifoihfjzpfaerSomvQif oljyeftvmudk
awmifhwaeyg vdrfhrnf/ opömr&Sdaomolonf ocifa,½Ijyefvnf<uqif;
vmrnfhtcsdefudk rawmifhwyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom xdkaeYwGifol\ opöm
r&Sdjcif;udkaz:xkwf cH&rnfhta&;udkodaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ rdrd\ tcsdefem&D?
rdrd\pGrf;&nfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udktv[ojzKef;wD;cJhaolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;jyefvm
« 336 »« 335 »
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olrsm;uomvQif xdkjyefvmrnfhaeY&ufudkawmifhwítqifoihfjzpfaeMuonf/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; EIwfuywfw&m;udka[m
ajymí qif;&J'ku©udkonf;cHzdkYpdwfac:wdkufwGef;cJhygonf/ þonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY
tm;vHk;tay:ü bk&m;ocif\qihfac:xm;csufvnf;jzpfonf/ ,aeYwGif uREfkyf
wdkY\todkif;t0kdif;tm;or®mw&m;udka[majymoGefoifay;rnfolrsm; ydkíydkí
vdktyfaeygonf/ twdkuftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;ESihf tcuftcJrsm;udk&ifqkdif
awGUMuHK&efraMumuf&GHUaomolrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtvdk&SdaeMuonf/ or®mw&m;
twGufrm;rm;&yfzdkY oiftqifoihfjzpfaeygovm;/ or®mw&m;twGufqif;&J
jcif;'ku©udk &ifqkdifcHpm;zdkYvdkvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygovm;/ þonfrSmwdarmaotm;
ay;cJhaom&Sifaygvk\ pdwfac:csufyifjzpfonf/ þpdefac:csufonf ,aeYwGif
uREfkyfwdkYtwGufvnf;jzpfaeygonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
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aomtcsufudkod&Sdjcif;u uREfkyfwdkYtrIawmfaqmifyHkESihf aexkdif&Sifoef
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ocifbk&m;\ppfrSefaocsmaom atmifEkdifjcif;tvif;atmufwGif oif
&Sifoefaeygovm;/ ocifbk&m;aemufqHk;wGif aocsmaygufatmifEkdif
ygrnf[laomtcsufonf oihf&JUBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ü pdwfysuftm;
avsmhjcif;r&SdatmifrnfodkYaz;ray;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;xif&Sm;aeaom oGefoifcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY
emcHvdkufavQmufMuvQif uREfkyfwdkY\todkif;t0kdif;BuD;rnfodkYajymif;vJ
vmygrnfenf;/ rnfodkYaomtajymif;tvJrsdK;udkawGUjrifzdkYoifarQmfvifh
xm;ygoenf;/
aumif;pGmaomwdkufvSefjcif;udk oifjyKcJhygNyD[k pdwfcsrI&Sdygovm;/ oifh
toufwmü BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYvdkaeonftydkif;&Sdaeygovm;/ 4if;wdkY
rSm rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf wdkufyGJudkatmifEkdifcJhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
oifavQmuf&mvrf;ay:üa&mufvmrnfh n§if;qJjcif;rsm;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;
rsm;udk &ifqkdifEkdifaomowdårsm;udkoihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;avQmufyg/ omíBuD;rm;aom &J&ihfjcif;owdåudkay;oem;zdkY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifha&SUübk&m;ocifa&;qGJowfrSwfay;xm;aom ajy;yGJudkrajy;Ekdif
atmif oifhudkcsnfaESmifxm;aomt&mrsm; oihftoufwmü&SdaevQif
xdkt&mrsm;udkjyoay;zdkY ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
EIwfuywfawmftwGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ toufwm
rsm;ESihf tokdif;0dkif;rsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJEkdifaom EIwfuywfawmf\
wefcdk;awmfudkydkí ,HkMunfpdwfcsEkdif&efulnDrpzdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;
avQmufyg/
« 338 »« 337 »
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rnfhaeY&ufudk rawmifhwyg/ ocifbk&m;udktaumif;rGefqHk;tapcHcJhaom
olrsm;uomvQif xdkjyefvmrnfhaeY&ufudkawmifhwítqifoihfjzpfaeMuonf/
þusrf;csufwGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; EIwfuywfw&m;udka[m
ajymí qif;&J'ku©udkonf;cHzdkYpdwfac:wdkufwGef;cJhygonf/ þonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY
tm;vHk;tay:ü bk&m;ocif\qihfac:xm;csufvnf;jzpfonf/ ,aeYwGif uREfkyf
wdkY\todkif;t0kdif;tm;or®mw&m;udka[majymoGefoifay;rnfolrsm; ydkíydkí
vdktyfaeygonf/ twdkuftcHjyKqefYusifcH&jcif;ESihf tcuftcJrsm;udk&ifqkdif
awGUMuHK&efraMumuf&GHUaomolrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtvdk&SdaeMuonf/ or®mw&m;
twGufrm;rm;&yfzdkY oiftqifoihfjzpfaeygovm;/ or®mw&m;twGufqif;&J
jcif;'ku©udk &ifqkdifcHpm;zdkYvdkvkdvm;vm;&Sdaeygovm;/ þonfrSmwdarmaotm;
ay;cJhaom&Sifaygvk\ pdwfac:csufyifjzpfonf/ þpdefac:csufonf ,aeYwGif
uREfkyfwdkYtwGufvnf;jzpfaeygonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
ppfaMumpD&ifjcif;twGuf ocifa,½IwpfaeYwGif qif;<uvmrnf[l
aomtcsufudkod&Sdjcif;u uREfkyfwdkYtrIawmfaqmifyHkESihf aexkdif&Sifoef
yHkwdkYudkrnfodkYajymif;vJoGm;apoenf;/
ocifbk&m;\ppfrSefaocsmaom atmifEkdifjcif;tvif;atmufwGif oif
&Sifoefaeygovm;/ ocifbk&m;aemufqHk;wGif aocsmaygufatmifEkdif
ygrnf[laomtcsufonf oihf&JUBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ü pdwfysuftm;
avsmhjcif;r&SdatmifrnfodkYaz;ray;ygoenf;/
bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;xif&Sm;aeaom oGefoifcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY
emcHvdkufavQmufMuvQif uREfkyfwdkY\todkif;t0kdif;BuD;rnfodkYajymif;vJ
vmygrnfenf;/ rnfodkYaomtajymif;tvJrsdK;udkawGUjrifzdkYoifarQmfvifh
xm;ygoenf;/
aumif;pGmaomwdkufvSefjcif;udk oifjyKcJhygNyD[k pdwfcsrI&Sdygovm;/ oifh
toufwmü BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYvdkaeonftydkif;&Sdaeygovm;/ 4if;wdkY
rSm rnfonfht&mrsm;jzpfMuoenf;/
qkawmif;&eftcsufrsm;
ocifbk&m;onf wdkufyGJudkatmifEkdifcJhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh aus;Zl;wif
csD;rGrf;yg/
oifavQmuf&mvrf;ay:üa&mufvmrnfh n§if;qJjcif;rsm;ESihf ppfaMumjcif;
rsm;udk &ifqkdifEkdifaomowdårsm;udkoihftm;ay;oem;zdkY ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;avQmufyg/ omíBuD;rm;aom &J&ihfjcif;owdåudkay;oem;zdkY
awmif;avQmufyg/
oifha&SUübk&m;ocifa&;qGJowfrSwfay;xm;aom ajy;yGJudkrajy;Ekdif
atmif oifhudkcsnfaESmifxm;aomt&mrsm; oihftoufwmü&SdaevQif
xdkt&mrsm;udkjyoay;zdkY ocifbk&m;udkawmif;avQmufyg/
EIwfuywfawmftwGuf ocifbk&m;udkaus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;yg/ toufwm
rsm;ESihf tokdif;0dkif;rsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJEkdifaom EIwfuywfawmf\
wefcdk;awmfudkydkí ,HkMunfpdwfcsEkdif&efulnDrpzdkYocifbk&m;udkawmif;
avQmufyg/
« 338 »« 337 »
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33
ighxHodkYjrefjrefvmyg
2 wd 4;9-22 udkzwf½Iyg/
wdarmaotm;a&;om;ay;ydkYcJhonf þpmapmif\aemufqHk;tydkif;wGif
wrefawmf&Sifaygvku rdrd\txD;usefcHpm;csufrsm;udkazmfjycJhNyD;? wdarmao
tm; tjrefqHk;vmawGU&efcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftaygif;
toif;udkvdktyfaomtajctaersKd;jzihf zefqif;cHxm;Mu&onf/ bk&m;ocif
onf {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü vla,musfm;udkzefqif;cJhpOfu a,musfm;onf wpf
a,mufwnf;&Sdaeíraumif;[kqdkum olESihfawmfaomtaxmuftrtjzpf vl
rdef;rudkzefqif;ay;cJhonf/ pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onfhtcsufrSm tm'Honf
xdktcsdefubk&m;ocifESihfrdwfaqGjzpfaecJhNyDjzpfaonf/ xkdodkYbk&m;ocifESihf
rdwfo[m,zGJYae&pOfrSmyif olYütjcm;vlom;ESihfrdó[m,zGJY&ef[laomvdktyf
csufwpfckESihftwl zefqif;cHcJh&onf/ bk&m;ocifESihfqufqHa&;rSm aumif;rGef
aevihfupm; vlom;csif;qufEG,f&aomrdó[m,zGJYjcif;rsdK; uREfkyfwdkYür&SdcJh
vQif txD;usefjcif;udkcHpm;Mu&ygrnf/ þtcsufonf &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
t&mjzpfonf/ þpmapmif\aemufqHk;tydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
ajymjy&efusef&SdaeonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfzdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f
,lMuygpdkY/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; tjrefqHk;a&mufvmzdkY
twwfEkdifqHk;BudK;pm;&ef yefMumcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf &SifaygvkajymMum;
cJhaomaemufqHk;umenf;uyfaeNyD[laomtcsufESihf qufpyfaeygonf/ &Sifaygvk
onf aumif;aomwdkufvSefjcif;udkjyKcJhNyDjzpfonf/ ajy;&aomvrf;udktqHk;xdk
taumif;rGefqHk;ajy;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ckrlum; olYtwGufed*Hk;csKyfcsdefa&mufvmae
ygonf/ þavmuütcsdefrnfrQMumatmif&Sifoef&rnfudk &SifaygvkrodcJhyg/
xdkYaMumifholraorDwGif rdrd\0dnmOfom;udkawGUvdkcJhonf/ wdarmaoudktjref
qHk;a&mufvm&efyefMum;cJhonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwdkYu olYudkypfcGmoGm;MuaomaMumifh4if;? wpfjcm;
wpfae&modkYc&D;xGufoGm;MuaomaMumifh4if; &Sifaygvk\txD;usefrIrSm ydkí
jyif;xefae&onf/ tcef;i,f 10 wGif a'ronfolYudkxm;cJhNyD; oufomavmedwf
NrdKUodkYxGufoGm;cJhaMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjycJhonf/ þodkYpGefYypfcH&
jcif;wGif &SifaygvkydkíemusifcJh&onfhtaMumif;rSm a'r þavmuudkcspfaom
aMumifholYudkpGefYcGmoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a'ronf &Sifaygvkudkomausmckdif;oGm;cJh
onfr[kwf owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudkygausmcdkif;oGm;cJhygonf/ þtcsif;
t&monf &SifaygvkudkydkíemusifapcJhonf/
&SifaygvktxHyg;rSxGufoGm;olrSm a'r wpfOD;wnf;r[kwfcJhyg/ u&auú
u *vmwdNrdKUodkY4if;? wdwku 'gvrmwdNrdKUokdY4if; toD;oD;xGufoGm;cJhMuonf/
&SifaygvkESihftwlusef&pfcJhaomolrSm &SifvkumwpfOD;wnf;omjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
onf tjcm;olrsm;ESihfvufwGJítrIawmfaqmifcJhonf/ omoemc&D;pOfrsm;wGif
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdESihftwltjcm;olrsm;udkvnf;ac:aqmifoGm;[ef&Sdonf/ ocif
a,½Ionf wynfhawmf 12 yg;wdkYESihfwl trIawmfaqmifcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
vnf;ocifbk&m;\yHkOyrmtwkdif; tjcm;olrsm;ESihftwl trIawmfaqmifcJhonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonfomoemvkyfief;wGif tjcm;olrsm;udkvdktyfMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
« 340 »
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33
ighxHodkYjrefjrefvmyg
2 wd 4;9-22 udkzwf½Iyg/
wdarmaotm;a&;om;ay;ydkYcJhonf þpmapmif\aemufqHk;tydkif;wGif
wrefawmf&Sifaygvku rdrd\txD;usefcHpm;csufrsm;udkazmfjycJhNyD;? wdarmao
tm; tjrefqHk;vmawGU&efcGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftaygif;
toif;udkvdktyfaomtajctaersKd;jzihf zefqif;cHxm;Mu&onf/ bk&m;ocif
onf {'ifO,smOfBuD;xJü vla,musfm;udkzefqif;cJhpOfu a,musfm;onf wpf
a,mufwnf;&Sdaeíraumif;[kqdkum olESihfawmfaomtaxmuftrtjzpf vl
rdef;rudkzefqif;ay;cJhonf/ pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onfhtcsufrSm tm'Honf
xdktcsdefubk&m;ocifESihfrdwfaqGjzpfaecJhNyDjzpfaonf/ xkdodkYbk&m;ocifESihf
rdwfo[m,zGJYae&pOfrSmyif olYütjcm;vlom;ESihfrdó[m,zGJY&ef[laomvdktyf
csufwpfckESihftwl zefqif;cHcJh&onf/ bk&m;ocifESihfqufqHa&;rSm aumif;rGef
aevihfupm; vlom;csif;qufEG,f&aomrdó[m,zGJYjcif;rsdK; uREfkyfwdkYür&SdcJh
vQif txD;usefjcif;udkcHpm;Mu&ygrnf/ þtcsufonf &Sifaygvkajymjyaeaom
t&mjzpfonf/ þpmapmif\aemufqHk;tydkif;wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm;
ajymjy&efusef&SdaeonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfzdkYtcsdeftenf;i,f
,lMuygpdkY/
tcef;i,f 9 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; tjrefqHk;a&mufvmzdkY
twwfEkdifqHk;BudK;pm;&ef yefMumcJhonf/ þtcsif;t&monf &SifaygvkajymMum;
cJhaomaemufqHk;umenf;uyfaeNyD[laomtcsufESihf qufpyfaeygonf/ &Sifaygvk
onf aumif;aomwdkufvSefjcif;udkjyKcJhNyDjzpfonf/ ajy;&aomvrf;udktqHk;xdk
taumif;rGefqHk;ajy;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ckrlum; olYtwGufed*Hk;csKyfcsdefa&mufvmae
ygonf/ þavmuütcsdefrnfrQMumatmif&Sifoef&rnfudk &SifaygvkrodcJhyg/
xdkYaMumifholraorDwGif rdrd\0dnmOfom;udkawGUvdkcJhonf/ wdarmaoudktjref
qHk;a&mufvm&efyefMum;cJhonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaomolwdkYu olYudkypfcGmoGm;MuaomaMumifh4if;? wpfjcm;
wpfae&modkYc&D;xGufoGm;MuaomaMumifh4if; &Sifaygvk\txD;usefrIrSm ydkí
jyif;xefae&onf/ tcef;i,f 10 wGif a'ronfolYudkxm;cJhNyD; oufomavmedwf
NrdKUodkYxGufoGm;cJhaMumif; &SifaygvkuwdarmaoudkajymjycJhonf/ þodkYpGefYypfcH&
jcif;wGif &SifaygvkydkíemusifcJh&onfhtaMumif;rSm a'r þavmuudkcspfaom
aMumifholYudkpGefYcGmoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a'ronf &Sifaygvkudkomausmckdif;oGm;cJh
onfr[kwf owif;aumif;w&m;awmfudkygausmcdkif;oGm;cJhygonf/ þtcsif;
t&monf &SifaygvkudkydkíemusifapcJhonf/
&SifaygvktxHyg;rSxGufoGm;olrSm a'r wpfOD;wnf;r[kwfcJhyg/ u&auú
u *vmwdNrdKUodkY4if;? wdwku 'gvrmwdNrdKUokdY4if; toD;oD;xGufoGm;cJhMuonf/
&SifaygvkESihftwlusef&pfcJhaomolrSm &SifvkumwpfOD;wnf;omjzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk
onf tjcm;olrsm;ESihfvufwGJítrIawmfaqmifcJhonf/ omoemc&D;pOfrsm;wGif
&Sifaygvkonf rdrdESihftwltjcm;olrsm;udkvnf;ac:aqmifoGm;[ef&Sdonf/ ocif
a,½Ionf wynfhawmf 12 yg;wdkYESihfwl trIawmfaqmifcJhonf/ &Sifaygvku
vnf;ocifbk&m;\yHkOyrmtwkdif; tjcm;olrsm;ESihftwl trIawmfaqmifcJhonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonfomoemvkyfief;wGif tjcm;olrsm;udkvdktyfMuonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
« 340 »
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olwdkY\umuG,fay;rI? cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;rI? axmufyHhay;urf;rIwdkYudkvdktyf
onf/ &Sifaygvkonf olwdkY\rdwfzGJUjcif;udkowd&aecJhonf/
tcef;i,f 11 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; &Sifrmukudkvnf; wpfyg;
wnf;ac:aqmifvmzdkYyefMum;cJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ taMumif;rSm rmukonf
trIawmfxrf;aqmif&mütaxmuftuljzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ a,m[ef
rmuk[kodxm;Muaom&Sifrmukonf &SifaygvkESihfAmeAwdkYudk vufwGJjzKwfapcJh
aomoljzpfonf (wrefawmf 15;36-38)/ &Sifaygvkonf &SifrmukESihftwl
vufwGJrvkyfcsifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom tapmydkif;omoemjyKc&D;pOfwGif
&Sifaygvku olYudkpGefYvTwfxm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ,ck
wGif&SifaygvkESihf&SifrmukwdkYrSm jyefvnfoihfjrwfcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;&Sifrmukudkvnf; wpfygwnf;ac:vmcJhzdkYyefMum;cJhonf/ taMumif;
rSm &Sifrmukonfomoemvkyfief;ü tvGeftoHk;0ifaomoljzpfaomaMumifhjzpf
onf/ &Sifrmukonfb0oifcef;pmrsm;udkoif,lcJh&NyD; ,HkMunfjcif;üwdk;wuf
&ihfusufvmNyDjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfolYudkvufurf;BudKqdkvsuf&SdNyD;? awGUvnf;
awGUjrifcsifaecJhonf/
&Sifaygvk\omoemc&D;pOfrsm;ütwl&SdcJhaom wkcdwf(wrefawmf 20;4)
udk {zufNrdKUü&SdMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm;udkulnDaz;r&ef xdkNrdKuodkYapvTwfcHcJh&
onf/ þtajctaerSm &SifaygvktwGufay;qyfrIwpfckjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf
wkcdwfudkþodkYapvTwfcJh&jcif;udk &Sifaygvk0rf;omcJhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
wkcdwftm;jzihf {zuf,HkMunfolwdkYrSm aumif;BuD;r*Fvm&&SdMurnfjzpfaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 13 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; umykvutxHü xm;
cJhaomol\0wfvHkudkvnf; ,lvmcJhzdkYrSmxm;onf/ umykvuftxHüþ0wfvHk
udktb,faMumifhxm;cJhonfudkajymjyrxm;yg/ arhavsmhcJhívnf;jzpfEkdifouJhodkY
tvsiftjrefvIyf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&aomtajctaeaMumifh wrifxm;&pfcJhjcif;
vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ þ0wfvHkudk&SifaygvkjyefvnfawmifhwaerIu vuf&SdolcHpm;
ae& aomtajctaewpfpHkwpf&mudk4if;? ol\usef;rma&;tajctaecsdKUwJhvm
aerI udk4if; ajymjyaumif;ajymjyEkdifayonf/ þuJhodkYaom0wfvHkrsdK; aemufwpf
xnf xyf0,fzdkY &SifaygvküaiGaMu;r&SdcJhonfrSm txift&Sm;yifjzpfonf/ olpH
jref;ae &aomtusO;faxmiftcef;av;onf tvGefat;aomaMumifh udk,fhudk
udk,f aEG;aEG;axG;axG;xm;zdkY þ0wfvHkudk tvdk&SdaeonfjzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/ þae
&mü uREfkyfwdkY&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;awGUjrif&onfhtcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tapcH
onf tvGefEHkcsmvSaomtajctaewpfckwGif &Sdaeonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/
b0 &SifoefrIütajcHtusqHk;t&mudk &SifaygvkvdktyfvQuf&Sdaeygonf/ bk&m;
ocif onf csrf;om<u,f0jcif;ESihfOpöm"eydkifqkdifjcif;wdkYudk uREfkyfwdkYtm;tjrJwrf;
uwdray;yg/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifbk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;onf qif;&J'ku©udkcHpm;
Mu& NyD; toufwmwGifravmufrijzifh &SifoefMu&onf/ xdkYtjyif&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; wa&mNrdKUüxm;cJhaomom;a&pmapmifudk,lvmcJhzdkYvnf;rSmcJh
onf/ þpmapmifüa&;xm;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymjyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; yefwdrfq&m
tmavZ`E´Konf olYudktBuD;tus,f'ku©ay;cJhaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ tmavZ`E´K
uolYtay:ü jyKcJhaomt&mrsm;\ tao;pdwfudkrl raz:jycJhyg/ þae&müta&;
BuD;onfhtcsuf rSm &SifaygvkuxdkoludkrnfodkYudkifwG,fajz&Sif;xm;onfhtcsufjzpf
onf/ &Sifaygvkonf tmavZ`E´KESihfywfoufí wdarmaoudkowday;cJhonf/
« 342 »« 341 »
ouf
ooooo
olwdkY\umuG,fay;rI? cGeftm;ay;wdkufwGef;rI? axmufyHhay;urf;rIwdkYudkvdktyf
onf/ &Sifaygvkonf olwdkY\rdwfzGJUjcif;udkowd&aecJhonf/
tcef;i,f 11 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; &Sifrmukudkvnf; wpfyg;
wnf;ac:aqmifvmzdkYyefMum;cJhaMumif;udkowdjyKyg/ taMumif;rSm rmukonf
trIawmfxrf;aqmif&mütaxmuftuljzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ a,m[ef
rmuk[kodxm;Muaom&Sifrmukonf &SifaygvkESihfAmeAwdkYudk vufwGJjzKwfapcJh
aomoljzpfonf (wrefawmf 15;36-38)/ &Sifaygvkonf &SifrmukESihftwl
vufwGJrvkyfcsifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom tapmydkif;omoemjyKc&D;pOfwGif
&Sifaygvku olYudkpGefYvTwfxm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ,ck
wGif&SifaygvkESihf&SifrmukwdkYrSm jyefvnfoihfjrwfcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm;&Sifrmukudkvnf; wpfygwnf;ac:vmcJhzdkYyefMum;cJhonf/ taMumif;
rSm &Sifrmukonfomoemvkyfief;ü tvGeftoHk;0ifaomoljzpfaomaMumifhjzpf
onf/ &Sifrmukonfb0oifcef;pmrsm;udkoif,lcJh&NyD; ,HkMunfjcif;üwdk;wuf
&ihfusufvmNyDjzpfonf/ &SifaygvkonfolYudkvufurf;BudKqdkvsuf&SdNyD;? awGUvnf;
awGUjrifcsifaecJhonf/
&Sifaygvk\omoemc&D;pOfrsm;ütwl&SdcJhaom wkcdwf(wrefawmf 20;4)
udk {zufNrdKUü&SdMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm;udkulnDaz;r&ef xdkNrdKuodkYapvTwfcHcJh&
onf/ þtajctaerSm &SifaygvktwGufay;qyfrIwpfckjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf
wkcdwfudkþodkYapvTwfcJh&jcif;udk &Sifaygvk0rf;omcJhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
wkcdwftm;jzihf {zuf,HkMunfolwdkYrSm aumif;BuD;r*Fvm&&SdMurnfjzpfaom
aMumifhjzpfonf/
tcef;i,f 13 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; umykvutxHü xm;
cJhaomol\0wfvHkudkvnf; ,lvmcJhzdkYrSmxm;onf/ umykvuftxHüþ0wfvHk
udktb,faMumifhxm;cJhonfudkajymjyrxm;yg/ arhavsmhcJhívnf;jzpfEkdifouJhodkY
tvsiftjrefvIyf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&aomtajctaeaMumifh wrifxm;&pfcJhjcif;
vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ þ0wfvHkudk&SifaygvkjyefvnfawmifhwaerIu vuf&SdolcHpm;
ae& aomtajctaewpfpHkwpf&mudk4if;? ol\usef;rma&;tajctaecsdKUwJhvm
aerI udk4if; ajymjyaumif;ajymjyEkdifayonf/ þuJhodkYaom0wfvHkrsdK; aemufwpf
xnf xyf0,fzdkY &SifaygvküaiGaMu;r&SdcJhonfrSm txift&Sm;yifjzpfonf/ olpH
jref;ae &aomtusO;faxmiftcef;av;onf tvGefat;aomaMumifh udk,fhudk
udk,f aEG;aEG;axG;axG;xm;zdkY þ0wfvHkudk tvdk&SdaeonfjzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/ þae
&mü uREfkyfwdkY&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;awGUjrif&onfhtcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tapcH
onf tvGefEHkcsmvSaomtajctaewpfckwGif &Sdaeonf[laomtcsufjzpfonf/
b0 &SifoefrIütajcHtusqHk;t&mudk &SifaygvkvdktyfvQuf&Sdaeygonf/ bk&m;
ocif onf csrf;om<u,f0jcif;ESihfOpöm"eydkifqkdifjcif;wdkYudk uREfkyfwdkYtm;tjrJwrf;
uwdray;yg/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifbk&m;ocif\tapcHrsm;onf qif;&J'ku©udkcHpm;
Mu& NyD; toufwmwGifravmufrijzifh &SifoefMu&onf/ xdkYtjyif&Sifaygvku
wdarmaotm; wa&mNrdKUüxm;cJhaomom;a&pmapmifudk,lvmcJhzdkYvnf;rSmcJh
onf/ þpmapmifüa&;xm;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymjyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
tcef;i,f 14 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; yefwdrfq&m
tmavZ`E´Konf olYudktBuD;tus,f'ku©ay;cJhaMumif;ajymcJhonf/ tmavZ`E´K
uolYtay:ü jyKcJhaomt&mrsm;\ tao;pdwfudkrl raz:jycJhyg/ þae&müta&;
BuD;onfhtcsuf rSm &SifaygvkuxdkoludkrnfodkYudkifwG,fajz&Sif;xm;onfhtcsufjzpf
onf/ &Sifaygvkonf tmavZ`E´KESihfywfoufí wdarmaoudkowday;cJhonf/
« 342 »« 341 »
ouf
ooooo
xdkodkYtm;jzihf wdarmaonf xdkyk*¾dKvftxHrS udk,fhudkudk,fumuG,fEkdifrnfjzpfNyD;
xdkyk*¾dKvfzefwD; rnfhjyóemrsm;udkvnf; a&Smif&Sm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf (i,f 15)/
bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudkrdrd\om;orD;rsm;uJhodkY uG,fumapmifh
a&Smufaeonf/ uREfkyfwdkYcHpm;&aomemusifrIrsm;udk olodygonf/ tjcm;olrsm;
u uREfkyfwdkYtay:üjyKvkyfusL;vGefcJhaomt&mrsm;udkvnf; rsufuG,frjyKyg/
jyóemudk uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwkdifajz&Sif;zdkYBudK;pm;rnfhtpm; þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vHk;udk
bk&m;ocifhvufü tyfESHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifolwdkYudkudkifwG,fajz&Sif;
ygap/ qdkvdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY\vufpm;acsvdkaompdwfü uREfkyfwdkYaozdkYjzpfonf/
uREfkyfwdkYrkef;wD;aomolrsm;u uREfkyfwdkYtay:üjyKcJhaomt&mrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY\
pdwfESvHk;üay:vmatmif &efoluzefwD;ay;aeygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfuREfkyfwdkY
taejzihf vufwkefYjyefjcif;udk&SmMuHzdkYr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkYvkyf&rnfht&mrSm cspf
jcif;? cGihfvTwfjcif;udkjyí jyóemudkocifbk&m;vufü tyfESH&efjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf trsdK;rsdK;aomr[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJajymqdkrIrsm;udk cHcJh&onf/
vlrsm;uolYudkpGefYcGmoGm;aeMuonf/ ola[majymaomw&m;a'oemudk qefYusif
aecJhMuonf/ þodkYaomtcsdefonf &SifaygvktwGufyHhydk;ulnDrIESihf cGeftm;ay;
rIwdkYudkvdktyfaeygonf/ odkYaomfrnfolrQa&mufrvmyg/ odkYaomfþtcsif;t&m
udkocifbk&m;vufütyfESHcJhaMumif;udk tcef;i,f 16 wGifowdjyKyg/ rdrd\
vkyfazmfudkifzufrdwfaqGrsm;tay:ü tjypfrwif&ef &Sifaygvk ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;qdkcJhonf/ þdkaomppfaMumjcif;umvwGif vlwkdif;urdrdwdkYypfcGmoGm;cJh
Muaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;onfolESihftwl&SdaeaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJh
onf/ þtcuftcJrsm;udkausmfvTm;EkdifzdkY ocifbk&m;\cGeftm;udk ol&&SdcHpm;
cJhonf/ þtajctaetxdowif;aumif;w&m;awmfudka0iSzdkYocifbk&m;onf
olYudktoHk;jyKcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf &SifaygvkudkcGeftm;ay; toHk;jyKcJh½Hkom
ru uG,fumvrf;jyíu,fEIwfay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf &Sifaygvkudk
jcaoFhcHwGif;rSu,fwifcJhonf/ &SifaygvkudkjcaoFhpmauR;ítaoowf&onf
xuf tjcm;rnfonfht&mudkrQ pGyfpGJolwdkYuvdkcsifMurnfr[kwfcJhyg/ xkdodkYaom
uHMur®mrsdK;rSbk&m;ocifonf olYudkuG,fumay;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudk
trsdK;rsdKaomwdkufcdkufjcif;rS u,fEIwfí aumif;uifbHkodkYacsmacsmarmarm,l
aqmifoGm;rnfhtjzpfudk pdwfcs,HkMunfxm;onf/ aozdkY&efjzpfvmcJhvQif ocif
bk&m;onfolYudkaojcif;üapmifha&SmufaecJhrnfudk &SifaygvkodcJhonf/ þtwGuf
aMumifh&SifaygvkrSmocifbk&m;udkcsDrGrf;aejcif;jzpfonf/
pmapmifudktqHk;owf&mwGif &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;
ü twlvufwGJvkyfudkifcJhMuaom jypfudvESihftmukvwdkYudkEIwfqufpum;ydkYcJh
onf/ Moaeodazmfudkvnf;EIwfcGef;qufocJhonf (i,f 19)/ aum&dE
oKNrdKUü&Sd
aom {&wåKESihf rdvufNrdKUüemrusef;jzpfaeaom wa&mzdrfwdkY\ owif;udkvnf;
wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf (i,f 20)/ OAkvk? yka'? vdEk? uavm'dwdkYESihf
tjcm;nDtpfudktm;vHkt;xHrS EIwfqufpum;udkvnf;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ txufyg
yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf&SifaygvkESihf wdarmaowdkYESpfOD;vHk;ESihfoduRrf;cJhMuaomoljzpfí
omoemvkyfief;üvnf;tcGihfxl;&í twlvufwGJcJhMujcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
tcef;i,f 21 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; aqmif;umvra&mufrD
tjrefvm&efajymcJhonf/ þaqmif;&moDaMumifhol\jcHKvTmudkwdarmaotm;
rSmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfwdarmaoESihftwl&Sdí wdarmao\pdwf
0dnmOfudkcGeftm;ay;rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzihf þpmapmifudked*Hk;csKyf
cJhonf/
« 343 » « 344 »
ouf
ooooo
xdkodkYtm;jzihf wdarmaonf xdkyk*¾dKvftxHrS udk,fhudkudk,fumuG,fEkdifrnfjzpfNyD;
xdkyk*¾dKvfzefwD; rnfhjyóemrsm;udkvnf; a&Smif&Sm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf (i,f 15)/
bk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYudkrdrd\om;orD;rsm;uJhodkY uG,fumapmifh
a&Smufaeonf/ uREfkyfwdkYcHpm;&aomemusifrIrsm;udk olodygonf/ tjcm;olrsm;
u uREfkyfwdkYtay:üjyKvkyfusL;vGefcJhaomt&mrsm;udkvnf; rsufuG,frjyKyg/
jyóemudk uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwkdifajz&Sif;zdkYBudK;pm;rnfhtpm; þyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vHk;udk
bk&m;ocifhvufü tyfESHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifolwdkYudkudkifwG,fajz&Sif;
ygap/ qdkvdkonfrSm uREfkyfwdkY\vufpm;acsvdkaompdwfü uREfkyfwdkYaozdkYjzpfonf/
uREfkyfwdkYrkef;wD;aomolrsm;u uREfkyfwdkYtay:üjyKcJhaomt&mrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY\
pdwfESvHk;üay:vmatmif &efoluzefwD;ay;aeygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfuREfkyfwdkY
taejzihf vufwkefYjyefjcif;udk&SmMuHzdkYr[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkYvkyf&rnfht&mrSm cspf
jcif;? cGihfvTwfjcif;udkjyí jyóemudkocifbk&m;vufü tyfESH&efjzpfonf/
&Sifaygvkonf trsdK;rsdK;aomr[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJajymqdkrIrsm;udk cHcJh&onf/
vlrsm;uolYudkpGefYcGmoGm;aeMuonf/ ola[majymaomw&m;a'oemudk qefYusif
aecJhMuonf/ þodkYaomtcsdefonf &SifaygvktwGufyHhydk;ulnDrIESihf cGeftm;ay;
rIwdkYudkvdktyfaeygonf/ odkYaomfrnfolrQa&mufrvmyg/ odkYaomfþtcsif;t&m
udkocifbk&m;vufütyfESHcJhaMumif;udk tcef;i,f 16 wGifowdjyKyg/ rdrd\
vkyfazmfudkifzufrdwfaqGrsm;tay:ü tjypfrwif&ef &Sifaygvk ocifbk&m;udk
awmif;qdkcJhonf/ þdkaomppfaMumjcif;umvwGif vlwkdif;urdrdwdkYypfcGmoGm;cJh
Muaomfvnf; ocifbk&m;onfolESihftwl&SdaeaMumif;udk &Sifaygvkem;vnfcJh
onf/ þtcuftcJrsm;udkausmfvTm;EkdifzdkY ocifbk&m;\cGeftm;udk ol&&SdcHpm;
cJhonf/ þtajctaetxdowif;aumif;w&m;awmfudka0iSzdkYocifbk&m;onf
olYudktoHk;jyKcJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf &SifaygvkudkcGeftm;ay; toHk;jyKcJh½Hkom
ru uG,fumvrf;jyíu,fEIwfay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf &Sifaygvkudk
jcaoFhcHwGif;rSu,fwifcJhonf/ &SifaygvkudkjcaoFhpmauR;ítaoowf&onf
xuf tjcm;rnfonfht&mudkrQ pGyfpGJolwdkYuvdkcsifMurnfr[kwfcJhyg/ xkdodkYaom
uHMur®mrsdK;rSbk&m;ocifonf olYudkuG,fumay;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonfolYudk
trsdK;rsdKaomwdkufcdkufjcif;rS u,fEIwfí aumif;uifbHkodkYacsmacsmarmarm,l
aqmifoGm;rnfhtjzpfudk pdwfcs,HkMunfxm;onf/ aozdkY&efjzpfvmcJhvQif ocif
bk&m;onfolYudkaojcif;üapmifha&SmufaecJhrnfudk &SifaygvkodcJhonf/ þtwGuf
aMumifh&SifaygvkrSmocifbk&m;udkcsDrGrf;aejcif;jzpfonf/
pmapmifudktqHk;owf&mwGif &Sifaygvkonfrdrd\omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;
ü twlvufwGJvkyfudkifcJhMuaom jypfudvESihftmukvwdkYudkEIwfqufpum;ydkYcJh
onf/ Moaeodazmfudkvnf;EIwfcGef;qufocJhonf (i,f 19)/ aum&dE
oKNrdKUü&Sd
aom {&wåKESihf rdvufNrdKUüemrusef;jzpfaeaom wa&mzdrfwdkY\ owif;udkvnf;
wdarmaotm;ajymjycJhonf (i,f 20)/ OAkvk? yka'? vdEk? uavm'dwdkYESihf
tjcm;nDtpfudktm;vHkt;xHrS EIwfqufpum;udkvnf;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ txufyg
yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf&SifaygvkESihf wdarmaowdkYESpfOD;vHk;ESihfoduRrf;cJhMuaomoljzpfí
omoemvkyfief;üvnf;tcGihfxl;&í twlvufwGJcJhMujcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
tcef;i,f 21 wGif &Sifaygvkuwdarmaotm; aqmif;umvra&mufrD
tjrefvm&efajymcJhonf/ þaqmif;&moDaMumifhol\jcHKvTmudkwdarmaotm;
rSmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfwdarmaoESihftwl&Sdí wdarmao\pdwf
0dnmOfudkcGeftm;ay;rnfhtaMumif; qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzihf þpmapmifudked*Hk;csKyf
cJhonf/
« 343 » « 344 »
ouf
ooooo
wdarmaotay:üxm;&Sdaom &Sifaygvk\ESvHk;om;udk &dyfceJuREfkyfwdkY
awGUjrifvdkuf&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf wdarmaoudkom;t&if;uJhodkYcspfí olESihf
twl&Sdí oludkudk,fwkdifudk,fusawGUjrifcsifaecJhonf/ rdrdao&awmhrnfhtcsdef
eD;uyfvmaMumif;udkodaeonfhtavsmuf rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;om;udk awGUjrifzdkYrSm
&SifaygvktwGufta&;BuD;aeonf/ wdarmaoMo0g'pm 'kwd,apmifwpfckvHk;
onf wdarmaotwGufa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpmapmifwGif&Sifaygvkonf
wdarmaoudkcGeftm;ay;í aumif;BuD;oGef;NzdK;ay;&ef &SmMuHcJhonf/ wdarmao
tm;,HkMunfjcif;üqufvufwnfwHhaezdkY ñTefMum;ay;cJhNyD;? oltay:üay;tyf
xm;aomowif;aumif;w&m;a[majymjcif;trIawmfudk wdarmaotay:ü
vTJtyfay;cJhonf/
pOf;pm;oHk;oyf&eftcsufrsm;
,HkMunfolwpfa,muftaejzihf txD;usefqefpGmoifaecJh&zl;ygovm;/
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